How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Romanian Political Science Review Vol. XXI, No. 1 2021
Romanian Political Science Review vol. XXI, no. 1 2021 The end of the Cold War, and the extinction of communism both as an ideology and a practice of government, not only have made possible an unparalleled experiment in building a democratic order in Central and Eastern Europe, but have opened up a most extraordinary intellectual opportunity: to understand, compare and eventually appraise what had previously been neither understandable nor comparable. Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review was established in the realization that the problems and concerns of both new and old democracies are beginning to converge. The journal fosters the work of the first generations of Romanian political scientists permeated by a sense of critical engagement with European and American intellectual and political traditions that inspired and explained the modern notions of democracy, pluralism, political liberty, individual freedom, and civil rights. Believing that ideas do matter, the Editors share a common commitment as intellectuals and scholars to try to shed light on the major political problems facing Romania, a country that has recently undergone unprecedented political and social changes. They think of Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review as a challenge and a mandate to be involved in scholarly issues of fundamental importance, related not only to the democratization of Romanian polity and politics, to the “great transformation” that is taking place in Central and Eastern Europe, but also to the make-over of the assumptions and prospects of their discipline. They hope to be joined in by those scholars in other countries who feel that the demise of communism calls for a new political science able to reassess the very foundations of democratic ideals and procedures. -
The Transformation of Italian Democracy
Bulletin of Italian Politics Vol. 1, No. 1, 2009, 29-47 The Transformation of Italian Democracy Sergio Fabbrini University of Trento Abstract: The history of post-Second World War Italy may be divided into two distinct periods corresponding to two different modes of democratic functioning. During the period from 1948 to 1993 (commonly referred to as the First Republic), Italy was a consensual democracy; whereas the system (commonly referred to as the Second Republic) that emerged from the dramatic changes brought about by the end of the Cold War functions according to the logic of competitive democracy. The transformation of Italy’s political system has thus been significant. However, there remain important hurdles on the road to a coherent institutionalisation of the competitive model. The article reconstructs the transformation of Italian democracy, highlighting the socio-economic and institutional barriers that continue to obstruct a competitive outcome. Keywords: Italian politics, Models of democracy, Parliamentary government, Party system, Interest groups, Political change. Introduction As a result of the parliamentary elections of 13-14 April 2008, the Italian party system now ranks amongst the least fragmented in Europe. Only four party groups are represented in the Senate and five in the Chamber of Deputies. In comparison, in Spain there are nine party groups in the Congreso de los Diputados and six in the Senado; in France, four in the Assemblée Nationale an d six in the Sénat; and in Germany, six in the Bundestag. Admittedly, as is the case for the United Kingdom, rather fewer parties matter in those democracies in terms of the formation of governments: generally not more than two or three. -
Mani Pulite) Inquiry on Corruption and Its Effects on the Italian Political System
62 ALBERTO VANNUCCI THE “CLEAN HANDS” (MANI PULITE) INQUIRY ON CORRUPTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ITALIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM THE “CLEAN HANDS” (MANI PULITE) INQUIRY ON CORRUPTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ITALIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM Alberto Vannucci Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche, Università di Pisa [email protected] Abstract: The article offers a survey of the main effects of judicial inquiry on corruption in Italy (the “mani pulite” inquiry) and scandals on the political and party system. Some data on the evolution and achievements of the inquiry mani pulite are briefly offered, then focusing on the political consequences of the scandal in terms of delegitimization and consequent crisis of leading political figures, parties, and the political system as a whole. There is then a brief focus on the “lesson” of mani pulite – what did not work in political, institutional and societal mechanisms that should have provided a shelter against systemic corruption. Finally, the main long-term drawbacks of the judicial inquiry are analysed, e.g. the political career of the media tycoon Berlusconi, who was himself prosecuted for corruption crimes, with a dramatic increase of the institutional conflict between the political and the judicial power. Keywords: Corruption; Parties, Italian Political System; “Mani Pulite” Inquiry; Scandal. Resumo: O presente artigo apresenta um levantamento dos principais efeitos do inquérito judicial sobre a corrupção na Itália (especificamente a “Operação Mãos Limpas”) e os escândalos no sistema político e partidário do país. Alguns dados sobre a evolução e os alcances da Operação Mãos Limpas são brevemente expostos. Foca-se a atenção nas consequências políticas de tal escândalo em termos da deslegitimação e a consequente crise de liderança das figuras políticas, dos partidos e do sistema político como um todo. -
Criticism of “Fascist Nostalgia” in the Political Thought of the New Right
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS WRATISLAVIENSIS No 3866 Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 40, nr 3 Wrocław 2018 DOI: 10.19195/2300-7249.40.3.6 JOANNA SONDEL-CEDARMAS ORCID: 0000-0002-3037-9264 Uniwersytet Jagielloński Criticism of “fascist nostalgia” in the political thought of the New Right The seizure of power by the National Liberation Committee on 25th April, 1945 and the establishment of the republic on 2nd June, 1946 constituted the symbolic end to Mussolini’s dictatorship that had lasted for more than 20 years. However, it emerged relatively early that fascism was not a defi nitively closed chapter in the political and social life of Italy. As early as June of 1946, after the announcement of a presidential decree granting amnesty for crimes committed during the time of the Nazi-Fascist occupation between 1943 and 1945, the country saw a withdrawal from policies repressive towards fascists.1 Likewise, the national reconciliation policy gradually implemented in the second half of the 1940s by the government of Alcide De Gasperi, aiming at pacifying the nation and fostering the urgent re- building of the institution of the state, contributed to the emergence of ambivalent approaches towards Mussolini’s regime. On the one hand, Italy consequently tried to build its institutional and political order in clear opposition towards fascism, as exemplifi ed, among others, by a clause in the Constitution of 1947 that forbade the establishment of any form of fascist party, as well as the law passed on 20th June, 1 Conducted directly after the end of WW II, the epurazione action (purifi cation) that aimed at uprooting fascism, was discontinued on 22nd June 1946, when a decree of president Enrico De Nicola granting amnesty for crimes committed during the Nazi-Fascist occupation of Italy between 1943–1945 was implemented. -
ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions. -
The Persistence of Corruption in Italy
The Persistence of Corruption in Italy: Politicians and the Judiciary since Mani Pulite Raffaele Asquer Department of Political Science University of California, Los Angeles Paper prepared for the WPSA 2013 ANNUAL MEETING March 28th, 2013 PRELIMINARY DRAFT – PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR CIRCULATE 1 Abstract Starting in 1992, the Mani Pulite (“Clean Hands”) anti-corruption campaign promised to eradicate corruption from Italian political life. For a brief, yet intense period, the public rallied behind the prosecutors, and punished the allegedly corrupt politicians and parties at the polls. However, twenty years later, Italy is still ranked as highly corrupt by Western standards. Why, then, did the Mani Pulite campaign fail to have a long-lasting effect? Relying on original data on the anti-corruption investigations in Milan, as well as on a variety of datasources from the existing literature, this paper argues, first, that the investigations left essentially untouched entire parts of the country where corruption was widespread. Overall, the Mani Pulite campaign had limited deterring effects because judicial inquiries were obstructed by the statute of limitations, and even in case of conviction the sentences were generally mild. Second, the paper finds that the structures of corruption networks have changed since the Mani Pulite season, becoming less vulnerable to further judicial inquiries. There now seem to be multiple sites for corrupt transactions, somewhat dispersed throughout the political system, whereas in the past such activities were centrally managed by a cartel of parties. We reach this conclusion by combining evidence from the literature with original data on two subnational legislatures, the Regional Council of Campania (1992-94) and the Regional Council of Lombardy (2010-12) in which political malfeasance in general seemed widespread. -
Download Download
Plat e 1. The wide protub eran ce referred to as the Po delta represents only the present-day delt a, while the whole territory affected by th e various outlets of the Po durin g historical tim e is much wider . The ancient Po delt a approximated 1300 km' while th e modern delt a covers only 730 krn" and extends along 130 km of low sedimentary shores, forming a crescent around the northwestern Adria tic Sea . Journal of Coastal Research 774-793 Royal Palm Beach, Florida Summer 1998 Physical Processes and Human Activities in the Evolution of the Po Delta, Italy Carlo Cencini Department of Economics, Section of Geography University of Bologna Viale Filopanti 5, 40126 Bolgna, Italy ABSTRACT _ CECINI, C., 1998. Physical Processes and Human Activities in the Evolution of the Po Delta, Italy. Journal ofCoastal .tltllllllt. Research, 14(3), 774-793. Royal Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. ~ ~. The Po delta covers a surface of about 1300 km 2 of reclaimed lands, fresh- and salt-water lagoons, low sedimentary shores and emerging sandy banks. Its evolution has been extremely complex and several historical deltas have been ~ ~ 7# --% 1&-Ut recognized. Up to the end of the Middle Ages, the coastal morphology of ancient cuspidate deltas appears to have been shaped basically by natural processes. On the contrary, the formation of the modern lobate delta has been largely the result of human intervention. The Po delta is one of the largest in the Mediterranean. It contains areas of great natural beauty and monuments of historical interest and has been recognized as an internationally important wetland. -
The World's Modern Autonomy Systems
2 The concepT of poliTical auTonomy Thomas Benedikter The World‘s Modern Autonomy Systems Concepts and Experiences of Regional Territorial Autonomy 1 The World’s Modern Autonomy Systems Institute of Minority Rights Concepts and Experiences of Regional Territorial EURAC Research Autonomy Viale Druso/Drususallee 1 I – 39100 Bolzano/Bozen Bozen/Bolzano, 2009 Email: [email protected] This study was written for the European Academy of A second version of this work is available in German Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC; www.eurac.edu), Institute for language: Minority Rights, in the frame of the project Europe- Thomas Benedikter South Asia Exchange on Supranational (Regional) Autonomien der Welt – Eine Einführung in die Policies and Instruments for the Promotion of Human Regionalautonomien der Welt mit vergleichender Rights and the Management of Minority Issues Analyse, ATHESIA, Bozen 2007 (EURASIA-Net) (FP7). ISBN 978-88-8266-479-4 www.athesiabuch.it The first edition of this publication has been released [email protected] in India in 2007 under the title „The World‘s Working Regional Autonomies“ by ANTHEM PRESS, www. This work is dedicated to my father, Alfons Benedikter anthempress.com (born in 1918), who for most of his life gave his all for C-49 Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India autonomy and self-determination in South Tyrol. 75-76 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8HA, UK or PO Box 9779, London SW19 7ZG, UK 244 Madison Ave. #116, New York, NY 10016, USA Edited by Copyright © EURAC 2009 This edition is published in collaboration with the Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group GC 45, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700106, India. -
Mani Pulite, Lava Jato and the Road Ahead for Anti-Corruption Efforts in Brazil
anti-corruption.com January 22, 2020 BRAZILIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION LAW Mani Pulite, Lava Jato and the Road Ahead for Anti-Corruption Efforts in Brazil By Rafael Ribeiro, Hogan Lovells When Sergio Moro, Brazil’s current Minister In my opinion, reports of Lava Jato’s demise of Justice and Public Safety, studied the are exaggerated, but significant additional anti-corruption push in Italy stemming from popular pressure will be needed for the gains Operation Mani Pulite (Clean Hands) in 2004, made in fighting corruption in Brazil are to he could not have imagined he would later be maintained long-term. In this article, I will lead a corruption investigation in his home briefly discuss the aftermath of Italy’s Mani country with even more far-reaching effects – Pulite investigation and the demonstrated lack Operation Lava Jato (Car Wash). of popular support that it enjoyed during its final years, the circumstances that have led In a 2004 academic article analyzing Operation Lava Jato to similarly see a reduction in popular Mani Pulite, Moro concluded that: support, and finally discuss steps that must be taken so that Lava Jato’s failures and successes Perhaps the most important lesson from alike ultimately can continue to assist Brazil this entire episode is that judicial action in its long struggle against corruption and its against corruption only will be effective corrosive effects. with the support of democracy. It is she who defines the limitations and the possibilities See “Anti-Corruption Is Front and Center for of judicial action. As long as [judicial action] Recently Elected Presidents in Latin America” counts with the support of popular opinion, (Nov. -
Italyˇs (Definitely Complicated) Election
FEB Market Update 2018 Italy’s (Definitely Complicated) Election Giuseppe Ricotta, CFA, FRM, Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager/Analyst Guillaume Samama, CFA, Vice President, Research Analyst Italy’s political future was thrown into doubt a little over a year ago after the then-Prime Minister Matteo Renzi resigned following the electorate’s rejection of the constitutional reforms he had championed (for details see our Lazard Market Update, Comments on the Italian Referendum Result). We believe the referendum was a missed opportunity for positive reforms and that the next general election, scheduled for 4 March this year, could be pivotal for the country’s direction. In this paper, we discuss the election, the new electoral system, the potential for a hung parliament populism and other risks, and potential election scenarios. We use scenario analysis, conducted by our Multi-Asset team, to gauge the possible market reactions and economic implications for investors. A Missed Opportunity From 2014 to 2016, under the leadership of the centre-left Democratic Party (PD) and Prime Minister Renzi, Italy’s budget deficit remained well below the European Union’s (EU) headline target of 3.0% of GDP, and the labour market and banking sector underwent a series of transformations. The constitutional reform, to which Renzi staked his political future, represented an opportunity to drive reform efforts forward. The proposed constitutional reforms of 2016 would likely have made it easier and faster to pass new laws, as it would have lessened the Senate’s law-making powers and introduced several new paths to enact laws. We regarded these reforms as potentially transformational and, in our view, they would have been a positive step for Italy, in contrast with the present situation in which the Lower House (or Chamber of Deputies) and the Senate—which together comprise Italy’s parliament—have equal voting powers. -
English Version of This Report Is the Only Official Document
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 4 March 2018 ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report Warsaw 6 June 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 1 II. INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................... 3 III. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................... 3 IV. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................. 4 V. ELECTORAL SYSTEM .............................................................................................................. 5 VI. ELECTION ADMINISTRATION .............................................................................................. 6 VII. VOTER REGISTRATION .......................................................................................................... 8 VIII. CANDIDATE REGISTRATION ................................................................................................ 9 IX. ELECTION CAMPAIGN .......................................................................................................... 11 X. CAMPAIGN FINANCE............................................................................................................. 12 XI. MEDIA ....................................................................................................................................... -
Italy (Italian Republic)
CultureGramsTM World Edition 2015 Italy (Italian Republic) thousand years; one of the first civilizations to flourish was BACKGROUND that of the Etruscans, between the eighth and second centuries BC. The Etruscans influenced mostly central Italy and, later, Land and Climate the Roman Empire. Before the Romans became prominent, Italy, including the islands of Sardinia and Sicily, is slightly Greek civilization dominated the south. Rome later adopted smaller than Norway and slightly larger than the U.S. state of much of the Greek culture and became a major power after Arizona. It boasts a variety of natural landscapes: from the 300 BC as it expanded throughout the Mediterranean region. alpine mountains in the north to the coastal lowlands in the By the fifth century AD, the western Roman Empire had south. Shaped like a boot, the country is generally fallen to a number of invasions. The peninsula was then mountainous. The Italian Alps run along the northern border, divided into several separate political regions. In addition to and the Apennines form a spine down the peninsula. Sicily local rulers, French, Spanish, and Austrian leaders governed and Sardinia are also rocky and mountainous. The “heel” and various parts of Italy. The Italian Peninsula was the center of some coastal areas are flat. The Po River Basin, to the north, many artistic, cultural, and architectural revolutions, holds some of Italy's richest farmland and most of its heavy including the great Renaissance of the 15th and 16th industry. centuries. Southern agricultural areas are subject to droughts. The Unification and Fascism climate is temperate but varies by region.