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Mani Pulite) Inquiry on Corruption and Its Effects on the Italian Political System
62 ALBERTO VANNUCCI THE “CLEAN HANDS” (MANI PULITE) INQUIRY ON CORRUPTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ITALIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM THE “CLEAN HANDS” (MANI PULITE) INQUIRY ON CORRUPTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ITALIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM Alberto Vannucci Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche, Università di Pisa [email protected] Abstract: The article offers a survey of the main effects of judicial inquiry on corruption in Italy (the “mani pulite” inquiry) and scandals on the political and party system. Some data on the evolution and achievements of the inquiry mani pulite are briefly offered, then focusing on the political consequences of the scandal in terms of delegitimization and consequent crisis of leading political figures, parties, and the political system as a whole. There is then a brief focus on the “lesson” of mani pulite – what did not work in political, institutional and societal mechanisms that should have provided a shelter against systemic corruption. Finally, the main long-term drawbacks of the judicial inquiry are analysed, e.g. the political career of the media tycoon Berlusconi, who was himself prosecuted for corruption crimes, with a dramatic increase of the institutional conflict between the political and the judicial power. Keywords: Corruption; Parties, Italian Political System; “Mani Pulite” Inquiry; Scandal. Resumo: O presente artigo apresenta um levantamento dos principais efeitos do inquérito judicial sobre a corrupção na Itália (especificamente a “Operação Mãos Limpas”) e os escândalos no sistema político e partidário do país. Alguns dados sobre a evolução e os alcances da Operação Mãos Limpas são brevemente expostos. Foca-se a atenção nas consequências políticas de tal escândalo em termos da deslegitimação e a consequente crise de liderança das figuras políticas, dos partidos e do sistema político como um todo. -
How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article
Civitas - Revista de Ciências Sociais ISSN: 1519-6089 ISSN: 1984-7289 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Vannucci, Alberto Systemic corruption and disorganized anticorruption in Italy: governance, politicization, and electoral accountability Civitas - Revista de Ciências Sociais, vol. 20, no. 3, 2020, September-December, pp. 408-424 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul DOI: https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-7289.2020.3.37877 Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=74266204008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative OPEN ACCESS CIVITAS Revista de Ciências Sociais Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais Civitas 20 (3): 408-424, set.-dez. 2020 e-ISSN: 1984-7289 ISSN-L: 1519-6089 http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-7289.2020.3.37877 DOSSIER: FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION: STATE OF THE ART AND ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVES Systemic corruption and disorganized anticorruption in Italy: governance, politicization, and electoral accountability Corrupção sistêmica e anticorrupção desorganizada na Itália: governança, politização e accountability eleitoral Corrupción sistémica y anticorrupción desorganizada en Italia: gobernanza, politización y accountability electoral Alberto Vannucci1 Abstract: This paper provides, trough different indicators, empirical evidence on the orcid.org/0000-0003-0434-1323 presumably high relevance of corruption in Italian politics and administration, providing [email protected] an explanation of how this “obscure” side of Italian politics – a pervasive market for corrupt exchanges – has found its way to regulate its hidden activities within an informal institutional framework, i.e. -
The Persistence of Corruption in Italy
The Persistence of Corruption in Italy: Politicians and the Judiciary since Mani Pulite Raffaele Asquer Department of Political Science University of California, Los Angeles Paper prepared for the WPSA 2013 ANNUAL MEETING March 28th, 2013 PRELIMINARY DRAFT – PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR CIRCULATE 1 Abstract Starting in 1992, the Mani Pulite (“Clean Hands”) anti-corruption campaign promised to eradicate corruption from Italian political life. For a brief, yet intense period, the public rallied behind the prosecutors, and punished the allegedly corrupt politicians and parties at the polls. However, twenty years later, Italy is still ranked as highly corrupt by Western standards. Why, then, did the Mani Pulite campaign fail to have a long-lasting effect? Relying on original data on the anti-corruption investigations in Milan, as well as on a variety of datasources from the existing literature, this paper argues, first, that the investigations left essentially untouched entire parts of the country where corruption was widespread. Overall, the Mani Pulite campaign had limited deterring effects because judicial inquiries were obstructed by the statute of limitations, and even in case of conviction the sentences were generally mild. Second, the paper finds that the structures of corruption networks have changed since the Mani Pulite season, becoming less vulnerable to further judicial inquiries. There now seem to be multiple sites for corrupt transactions, somewhat dispersed throughout the political system, whereas in the past such activities were centrally managed by a cartel of parties. We reach this conclusion by combining evidence from the literature with original data on two subnational legislatures, the Regional Council of Campania (1992-94) and the Regional Council of Lombardy (2010-12) in which political malfeasance in general seemed widespread. -
Mani Pulite, Lava Jato and the Road Ahead for Anti-Corruption Efforts in Brazil
anti-corruption.com January 22, 2020 BRAZILIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION LAW Mani Pulite, Lava Jato and the Road Ahead for Anti-Corruption Efforts in Brazil By Rafael Ribeiro, Hogan Lovells When Sergio Moro, Brazil’s current Minister In my opinion, reports of Lava Jato’s demise of Justice and Public Safety, studied the are exaggerated, but significant additional anti-corruption push in Italy stemming from popular pressure will be needed for the gains Operation Mani Pulite (Clean Hands) in 2004, made in fighting corruption in Brazil are to he could not have imagined he would later be maintained long-term. In this article, I will lead a corruption investigation in his home briefly discuss the aftermath of Italy’s Mani country with even more far-reaching effects – Pulite investigation and the demonstrated lack Operation Lava Jato (Car Wash). of popular support that it enjoyed during its final years, the circumstances that have led In a 2004 academic article analyzing Operation Lava Jato to similarly see a reduction in popular Mani Pulite, Moro concluded that: support, and finally discuss steps that must be taken so that Lava Jato’s failures and successes Perhaps the most important lesson from alike ultimately can continue to assist Brazil this entire episode is that judicial action in its long struggle against corruption and its against corruption only will be effective corrosive effects. with the support of democracy. It is she who defines the limitations and the possibilities See “Anti-Corruption Is Front and Center for of judicial action. As long as [judicial action] Recently Elected Presidents in Latin America” counts with the support of popular opinion, (Nov. -
Italy (Italian Republic)
CultureGramsTM World Edition 2015 Italy (Italian Republic) thousand years; one of the first civilizations to flourish was BACKGROUND that of the Etruscans, between the eighth and second centuries BC. The Etruscans influenced mostly central Italy and, later, Land and Climate the Roman Empire. Before the Romans became prominent, Italy, including the islands of Sardinia and Sicily, is slightly Greek civilization dominated the south. Rome later adopted smaller than Norway and slightly larger than the U.S. state of much of the Greek culture and became a major power after Arizona. It boasts a variety of natural landscapes: from the 300 BC as it expanded throughout the Mediterranean region. alpine mountains in the north to the coastal lowlands in the By the fifth century AD, the western Roman Empire had south. Shaped like a boot, the country is generally fallen to a number of invasions. The peninsula was then mountainous. The Italian Alps run along the northern border, divided into several separate political regions. In addition to and the Apennines form a spine down the peninsula. Sicily local rulers, French, Spanish, and Austrian leaders governed and Sardinia are also rocky and mountainous. The “heel” and various parts of Italy. The Italian Peninsula was the center of some coastal areas are flat. The Po River Basin, to the north, many artistic, cultural, and architectural revolutions, holds some of Italy's richest farmland and most of its heavy including the great Renaissance of the 15th and 16th industry. centuries. Southern agricultural areas are subject to droughts. The Unification and Fascism climate is temperate but varies by region. -
Silvio Berlusconi Versus the Italian Legal System Brendan Quigley
Hastings International and Comparative Law Review Volume 34 Article 6 Number 2 Summer 2011 1-1-2011 Immunity, Italian Style: Silvio Berlusconi versus the Italian Legal System Brendan Quigley Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_international_comparative_law_review Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Brendan Quigley, Immunity, Italian Style: Silvio Berlusconi versus the Italian Legal System, 34 Hastings Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 435 (2011). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_international_comparative_law_review/vol34/iss2/6 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Immunity, Italian Style: Silvio Berlusconi Versus the Italian Legal System By BRENDAN QUIGLEY* I. Introduction On December 13, 2009, billionaire Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was struck in the face by a souvenir statuette while he was greeting a nighttime crowd in Milan.! News cameras captured him grimacing, face bloodied, as he ducked into a car and was rushed away to a nearby hospital. Ever meticulous about his polished appearance, the damage to Berlusconi's face - while not serious - seemed to mirror the battering that his political image had taken in the months prior and signaled an important, while perhaps unintended, message: Mr. Berlusconi is not immune to attack. The more serious assault on Berlusconi's power and influence, however, occurred a month earlier on October 7, 2009, when the Italian Constitutional Court overturned a law that granted immunity from prosecution to the holders of Italy's four highest public offices, the Prime Minister among them.3 This was of particular importance * Co-Editor in Chief, Hastings Internationaland Comparative Law Review. -
Culturegramstm World Edition 2020 Italy (Italian Republic)
CultureGramsTM World Edition 2020 Italy (Italian Republic) Much of the West's civilization and culture stems from the BACKGROUND Italian Peninsula. The area's history dates back several thousand years; one of the first civilizations to flourish was Land and Climate that of the Etruscans, between the eighth and second centuries Italy, including the islands of Sardegna (Sardinia) and Sicilia BC. The Etruscans influenced mostly central Italy and, later, (Sicily), is slightly smaller than Norway and slightly larger the Roman Empire. Before the Romans became prominent, than the U.S. state of Arizona. It boasts a variety of natural Greek civilization dominated the south. Rome later adopted landscapes: from the alpine mountains in the north to the much of the Greek culture and became a major power after coastal lowlands in the south. Shaped like a boot, the country 300 BC as it expanded throughout the Mediterranean region. is generally mountainous. The Italian Alps run along the By the fifth century AD, the western Roman Empire had northern border, and the Appennini (Apennines) form a spine fallen to a number of invasions. The peninsula was then down the peninsula. Sicily and Sardinia are also rocky and divided into several separate political regions. In addition to mountainous. The “heel” and some coastal areas are flat. The local rulers, French, Spanish, and Austrian leaders governed Po River Basin, to the north, holds some of Italy's richest various parts of Italy. The Italian Peninsula was the center of farmland and most of its heavy industry. many artistic, cultural, and architectural revolutions, Italy surrounds two independent nations: San Marino and including the great Renaissance of the 15th and 16th Città del Vaticano (Vatican City, or Holy See). -