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Comportamiento Sexual Y Éxito Reproductivo Del Barrenador De La Caña Diatraea Saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) En Laboratorio

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Comportamiento Sexual Y Éxito Reproductivo Del Barrenador De La Caña Diatraea Saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) En Laboratorio Comportamiento sexual y éxito reproductivo del barrenador de la caña Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en laboratorio Yuly Paola Sandoval Cáceres Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad, Ciencias Agrarias Bogotá, Colombia 2020 Comportamiento sexual y éxito reproductivo del barrenador de la caña Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en laboratorio Yuly Paola Sandoval Cáceres Tesis o trabajo de investigación presentada(o) como requisito parcial para optar al título de: Magister en Ciencias Agrarias Director (a): Ph.D. Nancy del Carmen Barreto Triana Codirector (a): Ph.D., Augusto Ramírez Godoy Línea de Investigación: Entomología Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad, Ciencias Agrarias Bogotá, Colombia 2020 Dedicatoria A Dios, por ser mi todo, mi mayor impulso y fortaleza. A Mis padres, hermanos, sobrinos y abuelita por ser mi motor y mayor motivación. A mi familia, por ser mi apoyo A la memoria del “Profe” Juan Manuel Arrieta, por haberme dado el impulso y tomar la sabia decisión de guiarme por el mundo de los insectos. Agradecimientos A mis padres y mi familia por su apoyo incondicional y motivación. A mis “enanos” por enseñarme que el amor incondicional no necesita de palabras. A la Dra. Nancy Barreto por dirigir el desarrollo de este trabajo. Al Docente Augusto Ramírez por su colaboración. A Xiomara Sarmiento, Pablo Osorio, Jesús Gómez, y Sandra Romero, compañeros del equipo de trabajo de Entomología del Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá de Agrosavia — Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria — por su ayuda y apoyo. A Alejandra Pardo, Carolina Diaz, Alexandra Santacruz, Diana Rendón y Luisa Montenegro por su apoyo incondicional y amistad sincera. A Valentina Vergara, por su apoyo, amistad, motivación y enseñanzas. A Ginna Cruz por su valiosa asesoría, ayuda y apoyo. Al profesor Francisco Serna y al grupo de trabajo del Museo Entomológico de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, en especial a Ronald Simbaqueba, y Daniel Bautista por su apoyo e invaluable aporte en mi proceso de formación. A la Corporación Colombiana de investigación agropecuaria Agrosavia y Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural por la financiación de la investigación. A todos los que me apoyaron para que esta etapa de mi vida se cumpliera. Resumen y Abstract IX Resumen Las larvas de barrenadores del género Diatraea, causan daños considerables en cultivos de caña de azúcar en las regiones productoras de panela en Colombia. Debido al desconocimiento del comportamiento sexual, a la amplia distribución de la especie Diatraea saccharalis y a la variación geográfica de la composición de su feromona sexual, el objetivo de este trabajo fue comprender el comportamiento sexual y éxito reproductivo de esta especie, evaluando la conducta de llamado de hembras vírgenes de uno, dos y tres días de edad y el comportamiento de cópula y éxito reproductivo de adultos vírgenes de uno y dos días de edad, adicionalmente se construyó un etograma para entender el comportamiento sexual y se evaluó la respuesta de machos vírgenes de uno y dos días en túnel de viento bajo condiciones controladas de temperatura y humedad relativa (25 ± 2°C, y 60 ± 10% de H.R.) y fotoperiodo 12h:12h, en el área de entomología del C.I. Tibaitatá de Agrosavia ubicado en el municipio de Mosquera (Cundinamarca, Colombia). El comportamiento de llamado se evidenció desde la quinta hasta la décimo primera hora de escotofase. La duración del llamado varió entre 30 y 210 min, siendo mayor el porcentaje de hembras que llamaron durante 30 min. El 37% de hembras de 1 día llamaron una única vez. El inicio de la cópula se observó desde la sexta hora de escotofase y se mantuvo hasta la décima hora, con una duración entre 30 y 120 minutos. Las parejas evaluadas copularon solamente una vez y no se observó que las hembras copuladas realizarán nuevamente exposición de la glándula. Las parejas de un día presentaron el mayor porcentaje de respuesta en túnel de viento. El porcentaje de fecundidad fue del 71.2%. La supervivencia del estado de larva fue de 81.2%, de pupa de 86.6% y de adultos 97.4%. Palabras clave: Etograma, glándula sexual, feromona, fertilidad, fecundidad, barrenador. X Comportamiento sexual y éxito reproductivo de Diatraea saccharalis en laboratorio Abstract Borers of Diatraea genus cause considerable damage to cane crops in Colombian panela (non-centrifugal cane sugar) producing regions. Due to the wide distribution of the species Diatraea saccharalis and the geographical variation of the composition of its sex pheromone, the aim of this work was to understand the sexual behavior and the reproductive success of D. saccharalis. Calling behavior of one, two and three days old virgin females, one and two days old virgin adults copula behavior, the construction of an ethogram to understand sexual behavior was performed, and the response of virgin adults of one and two days in wind tunnel was evaluated under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity (25 ± 2 °C, and 60 ± 10% of RH) and photoperiod 12h(D):12h(L), in Agrosavia C.I. Tibaitatá Entomological Laboratory, located in Mosquera (Cundinamarca, Colombia). The calling behavior was evidenced from the fifth and eleventh hour. The calling duration varied between 30 and 210 min, being greater the percentage of calls during 30 min. 37% of one-day calling only once. Mating occur between sixth and tenth hour, with a duration of 30 and 120 minutes. The couples evaluated, mating once and it was not observed that the copulated females would perform the calling behavior again (exposure of sexual gland). The one-day couples presented the highest response percentage in wind tunnel. The fertility percentage was 71.2%. Survival of larval stage was 81.2%, pupa 86.6% and adults 97.4%. Keywords: Etogram, sexual gland, pheromone, fertility, fecundity, borer. Contenido XI Contenido Resumen ........................................................................................................................ IX Lista de figuras ............................................................................................................ XIII Lista de tablas .............................................................................................................. XV Introducción .................................................................................................................... 1 1. Conducta de llamado de hembras de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) en laboratorio ...................................................................... 7 1.1 Introducción ........................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Inicio, duración y número de llamados de hembras de D. saccharalis en laboratorio ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.2.1 Material Biológico ............................................................................................ 9 1.2.2 Materiales y Métodos ..................................................................................... 10 1.2.3 Resultados y Discusión ................................................................................... 13 2. Comportamiento sexual de adultos de Diatraea saccharalis en laboratorio ..... 21 2.1 Introducción ...................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Comportamiento sexual de Diatraea saccharalis en laboratorio ....................... 23 2.2.1 Materiales y Métodos ...................................................................................... 23 2.2.2 Resultados y Discusión ................................................................................... 25 2.3 Comportamiento sexual de Diatraea saccharalis en túnel de viento ................. 34 2.3.1 Materiales y Métodos ...................................................................................... 34 2.3.2 Resultados y Discusión ................................................................................... 36 3. Éxito reproductivo del barrenador de la caña Diatraea saccharalis en laboratorio 41 3.1 Introducción ...................................................................................................... 41 3.2 Fecundidad y fertilidad de Diatraea saccharalis en laboratorio ......................... 42 3.2.1 Materiales y Métodos ...................................................................................... 42 XII Comportamiento sexual y éxito reproductivo de Diatraea saccharalis en laboratorio 3.2.2 Resultados y Discusión ................................................................................... 43 4. Conclusiones y recomendaciones ....................................................................... 47 4.1 Conclusiones .................................................................................................... 47 4.2 Recomendaciones ............................................................................................ 48 Anexo A: Análisis estadístico de la conducta de llamado de hembras vírgenes de Diatraea saccharalis en laboratorio ............................................................................. 49 Anexo B: Análisis estadístico de la conducta de cópula de adultos vírgenes de Diatraea saccharalis en laboratorio ............................................................................. 51 Referencias Bibliográficas
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