International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, IMESET’18 DUBAI Engineering and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Engineering, Science, Education and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai,UAE) October 25- 27, 2018, Dubai, UAE

Imeset’18 Dubai Book Of Abstracts

e - ISBN: 978-605-82480-4-5

Dubai, UAE, 2018

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, IMESET’18 DUBAI Engineering and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

IMESET’18 DUBAI

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Engineering, Science, Education and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) October 25-27, 2018, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, IMESET’18 DUBAI Engineering and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

III. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY,

ENGINEERING, SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY

(IMESET’18 DUBAI)

October 25 -27, 2018, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

e - ISBN: 978-605-82480-4-5

All papers have been peer reviewed.

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, IMESET’18 DUBAI Engineering and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, IMESET’18 DUBAI Engineering and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

SCIENTIFIC BOARD

 Dr. Abdullah Eren (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Dr. Abdülrezzak Bakış (Bitlis Eren University , Turkey)  Dr. Abdurrahman Dündar (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdurrahman Ekinci (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Dr. Ahmet Dönger (Hakkari University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Regaip Oğuz (Yüzüncü Yıl University, Turkey)  Dr. Ahmet Ufuk Kömüroğlu (Yüzüncü Yıl University , Turkey)  Dr. Akif Akto (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Dr. Ali Rıza Kul (Yüzüncü Yıl University , Turkey)  Prof. Dr. Arif Mammadov (Azerbaijan Technical State University, Azerbaijan)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu Özyürek(Karabük University , Turkey)  Dr. Atilla Ergüzen (Kırıkkale University, Turkey)  Dr. Aydın Yıldız (Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Turkey)  Dr. Ayhan Güler (Hakkari University , Turkey)  Prof. Dr. Aytekin Afandiyeva (Baku State University, Azerbaijan)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bahar Burtan Doğan (Dicle University , Turkey)  Dr. Bahattin Bulduk (Yüzüncü Yıl University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cezmi Kayan (Dicle University , Turkey)  Dr. Chao Xu (University of Southampton, U.K)  Prof. Dr. Elchin Rzayev (Azerbaijan Technical State University, Azerbaijan)  Dr. Ercan Çınar (Batman University, Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ertuğrul Çam (Kırıkkale University, Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Farhad Mirzayev (Baku State University, Azerbaijan)  Assoc. Prof. Dr.Fatih Çağlar Çelikezen (Bitlis Eren University , Turkey)  Dr. Fatih Ünal (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Dr. Faysal Özdaş (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Dr. Ferat Kaya (Dicle University , Turkey)  Dr. Gül Gün (Munzur University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Günel Paşayeva (Sumgayıt State University)  Dr. Habib Ghanbarpourasl (Turkish Aeronautical Association University , Turkey)  Dr. Halil Murat Ünver (Kırıkkale University, Turkey)  Dr. Halil Yetgin (Bitlis Eren University , Turkey)  Prof. Dr. Hanim Aliyeva (Azerbaijan National Conservatory, Azerbaijan)  Dr. Hayri Yaman (Kırıkkale University, Turkey)  Dr. Hevidar Alp (Munzur University , Turkey)  Dr. Hossein Khoshbaten (Sarab University , Iran)  Dr. Hüseyin Alkan (Dicle University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Islam Islamov (Azerbaijan Technical State University, Azerbaijan)  Dr. İbrahim Dolak (Dicle University , Turkey)  Dr. Erhan AKın (Siirt University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. İbrahim Teğin (Siirt University , Turkey)  Dr. İhsan Alacabey (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Dr. İsmail Yener (Dicle University , Turkey)  Dr. Kerim Youde Han (Cankaya University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lala Huseynova (Cumhuriyet University, Sivas)

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, IMESET’18 DUBAI Engineering and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

 Dr. M. Cevat Yıldırım (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Dr. M. Fırat Baran (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Dr. M. Şakir Ece (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Prof. Dr. Mats Berg (University of KTH, Sweeden)  Dr. Mehmet Ali Akın (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Dr. Mehmet Bakır Şengül (Bitlis Eren University , Turkey)  Dr. Mehmet Sait Cengiz (Bitlis Eren University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mirvari Ağayeva (Baku State University, Azerbaijan)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohammed El-Hajjar (University of Southampton, U.K)  Dr. Murat Lüy (Kırıkkale University, Turkey)  Dr. Mustafa Selmani Muslu ( Selçuk University, Turkey)  Dr. Mürşet Çakmak (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Cevat Yıldırım (Mardin Artuklu University)  Dr. M. Halil Sağlam (Siirt University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Hasanova (Baku State University, Azerbaijan)  Prof. Dr. Nihat Mert (Yüzüncü Yıl University , Turkey)  Dr. Osman Perçin (Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Qurban Qasımov (Baku State University, Azerbaijan)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rafik Kuliyev (Baku State University, Azerbaijan)  Dr. Rafael Hamidov (Baku State University, Azerbaijan)  Dr. Ramiz İskendertov (Azerbaijan Technical State University, Azerbaijan)  Dr. Sema Kaptanoğlu (Yüzüncü Yıl University , Turkey)  Prof. Dr. Sibel Derviş (Mardin Artuklu, Turkey)  Dr. Şehnaz Altunakar (Dicle University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tahirhan Aydın (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Valeh Hacıyev (Baku State University, Azerbaijan)  Prof. Dr. Yeter Değer (Yüzüncü Yıl University , Turkey)  Dr. Yılmaz Akdemir (Siirt University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yusuf Doğan (Mardin Artuklu University , Turkey)  Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zafar Cafarov (Azerbaijan Technical State University, Azerbaijan)

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, IMESET’18 DUBAI Engineering and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Contents Assessment Of Serum Vitamin D Levels In Patients With Aortic Stenosis ...... 1 Ellagic Acid Alleviates Cecal Ligation And Puncture (Clp)-Induced Polymicrobial Sepsis By Autophagy And Apoptosis Regulation ...... 2 REHABILITATION OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION ...... 3 NEW TRENDS IN FASHION DESIGN EDUCATION ...... 4 Improved Dynamic Performance of Wind Energy Conversion System by STATCOM ...... 5 RELATİONSHİP BETWEEN CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS ...... 6 Globalization and Employee Mobility: Interfusion for Customer Satisfaction in Selected Multi-national Companies in Nigeria. Lagos Reviews ...... 8 Relationship Between Aortic Cross-Clamp, Pump Periods and Oxidative Damage ...... 9 PROMOTING RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA ...... 11 Increasing Efficiency of Gas Injection into Gas Cap of a Sandstone Oil Reservoir to Improve Oil Recovery ...... 12 The View of Primary Education Children on Giftedness ...... 15 Use of Corn in Gluten-Free Foods ...... 16 THE IMPACT OF STARTING THE DAY WITH EXCERCISE AND SPORTS ON THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS* ...... 17 BİTLİS DEVLET HASTANESİ 2016 YİLİ BESİN İLE SU KAYNAKLİ BULAŞİCİ HASTALİK BAŞVURULARİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE İLDEKİ KORUYUCU FAALİYETLER ...... 18 Bitlis State Hospital 2016 Assessment of Water-Borne Infectious Disease Applications and Preventive Activities in the Province ...... 18 EFFECT OF METACOGNITIVE INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES ON PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ COMPREHENSION IN CHEMISTRY...... 20 Mikro Şebekelerin Kırlangıç Sürüsü Optimizasyon Algoritması Temelli Çok Amaçlı Optimizasyonu ...... 21 Multi-Objective Optimization Based on Swallow Swarm Optimization Algorithm of Microgrid ...... 21 MUŞ İli 112 Acil Sağlik Hizmetleri Personelinin Afet Hazirliğinin Genel Öz Yeterlilik İnanci ile İlişkisi ...... 23 The Relationship Between General Self-Efficacy Beliefs with Disaster Preparedness of Muş Province 112 Emergency Health Service Personnel ...... 23 Bir Hastanenin Doğum Servisinde Yatan Lohusaların Anksiyete Durumlarının İncelenmesi ...... 25 Investigation of Anxiety Situations of Postpartum Mothers (Puerperant) in a Hospital's Obstetric Service ...... 25 Cerrahi Operasyon Öncesi Yetişkin Hastalarda Anksiyete ve Anksiyete ile Baş Etme Yolları ...... 27 Anxiety in the Adult Patients before Surgical Operation and Ways to Cope with Anxiety ...... 27 The protective effect of hesperetin on diethylnitrosamine and fenobarbital induced liver damage in rats...... 29 Sıçanlarda Dietilnitrozamin ve Fenobarbital ile Oluşturulan Karaciğer Hasarına Karşı Hesperetin’in Koruyucu Etkisi ...... 30

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, IMESET’18 DUBAI Engineering and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

The Effects of N-Acetyl Cysteine on the Apoptosis and Expression of Trpm2 Cation Channels in Torsion-Detorsion Rated Rat Testis Tissue ...... 31 Isil İşlemin Polivinilasetat (PVAc) Tutkalinin Yapişma Direncine Etkisi ...... 33 Kolonfon Reçinesinin Borlu Bileşiklerin Retensiyon Performansına Etkisi ...... 35 Effects of the impregnation with Tanalith-E on the MOE in Bending of Some Solid Woods ...... 37 Gayrimenkul Değerlemesi Yöntemi Yaklaşımları ...... 38 Bitlis’te Kar ve Çığ Tünelleri ...... 39 Asfalt Yol Kaplamasında Bitüm Emülsiyonlu Harç Tipi Kaplama Özelliklerinin Yapısal Olarak İncelenmesi ...... 41 Mastik Asfalt ve Taş Mastik Asfalt Yol Kaplaması İçin Tasarım Kriterleri ...... 43 Pre-eruption crystallization conditions of calc-alkaline andesitic magmas at the Altınpınar (Gümüşhane, NE Turkey) Eocene volcanism in the Eastern Pontides ...... 45 Mineralogical and textural features of the Çakırbağ Granitoid in the eastern Pontides (Bayburt area, NE-Turkey): Preliminary Results ...... 46 Geological and petrographical study of the Arslandede Granitoid and their mafic magmatic enclaves (Bayburt area, NE-Turkey) ...... 48 e-Belediyecilik Uygulamalarında Mezarlık Bilgi Sistemi ...... 50 Conformity Analysis in Urban Transformation Areas: Sample of Gümüşhane ...... 52 EFFECTS ON THE EDUCATION STRESS OF THE SELF-EFFICACY LEVEL OF NURSING STUDENTS ...... 53 Synthesis and Optical Properties of Some Isoindol-1,3-dione Compounds ...... 55 Mimarlık ve Doğa İlişkisi Etkileşim/Benzeşim: Genetik Mimarlık Paradigması ...... 57 Interaction/Similarity between Architecture and Nature: Paradigm of Genetic Architecture ...... 57 Geleneksel Bitlis Evleri Mekansal Analizinde “Beroj” ...... 59 Spatial Analysis of Traditional Bitlis Houses: “Beroj” ...... 59 Geleneksel Bitlis Evleri’nde Yapı Elemanları ve Malzeme Kullanımının Örnek Yapı Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi ...... 61 Evaluation of Building Elements and Material Usage in Traditional Bitlis Houses on a Sample Structure ...... 61 Mersin balığı yapay üretim aşamaları: Royal su ürünleri örneği...... 63 Stages of artificial production of sturgeon fish: A case of Royal aquatic products ...... 63 Pirinç kabuklarının ahşap binalarda yalıtım amaçlı kullanımı ve karşılaşılan sorunlar ..... 65 Yonga-odun-tomruk olarak ithal edilen huş ağacı ile bronz huş ağacı zararlısının bitki karantinası açısından durumunun incelenmesi ...... 67 Sodyum Silikat Tipi Priz Hızlandırıcı Katkıların Yeraltı Dolgu Malzemesi Özelliklerine Etkisi...... 69 Çalışma Koşulları ve İşe Adanmışlık: Veteriner Hekimler Üzerine Bir Araştırma ...... 71 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NICOTINE DEPENDENCE AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF VOCATIONAL HEALTH SCHOOL STUDENTS...... 73 The Relationship of Depression and Anxiety with the Nicotine Dependency Level of University Students ...... 75 Yüzey Mühendisliğinde Bor Katkılı Kaplamaların Kullanımı ...... 76 Magnezyum ve Alaşımlarına Uygulanan Yüzey İşlemleri ...... 78 İnşaat Mühendisliği Öğrencilerinin Staj Dönemi MotivasyonunuHerzberg’ in Çift Faktörler Teorisine Göre Değerlendirilmesi ...... 80

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, IMESET’18 DUBAI Engineering and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Kentsel Yapı Stoku için Hızlı Değerlendirme Yöntemlerinin Kullanılması Üzerine Bir Çalışma ...... 82 Betonarme Perde Konum Değişikliğinin Yapı Deprem Davranışına Etkisi ...... 84 SÜLEYMANİYE KÜTÜPHANESİNDEKİ EL YAZMA KİTAPLARDA ORTAM ŞARTLARININ MANTAR GELİŞİMİNE ETKİLERİNİN DENSEYSEL İNCELENMESİ ... 86 CBECS Veri Tabanı ve Türkiye ile Karşılaştırma / CBECS DATABASE and COMPARISION WİTH TURKEY ...... 87 On Some Vehicle Routing Problems With Random Demand ...... 88 Condition of Optimality for Stochastic Switching Linear Systems with Variable Time Delay on State ...... 89 Design and Evaluation of a Tabletop Press Actuated with the Pneumatic Artificial Muscles ...... 90 aliFarklı Maya Bileşiklerinin Salmonella ile Enfekte Etlik Piliçlerde 14 Günlük Yaşta Performans ve Sekum Mikroflorası Üzerine Etkileri ...... 91 The Role of GlutamIne on Gut InegrIty in BroIlers ...... 94 Relationships Antimicrobial Peptide with Mealworm Used in Poultry Nutrition ...... 96 Çocuklarda semptom anketi kullanilarak makina öğrenme algoritmalari ile ASD tespiti . 98 THE EFFECTS OF MANAGERIAL ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS UPON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE EMPLOYEE: BINGOL BANKING SAMPLE ...... 100 Brand Requirement In Global Competition Context: Research Of Service Market Perception ...... 101 The Effect of Brand Loyalty upon the Preference of Durable Goods ...... 102 Bingöl Furniture Industry Sample ...... 102 Farklı bitkilerde büyüme derece günün belirlenmesi: Türkiye-Merzifon ilçesi örneği / Determination of growing degree days for various plants: case of the Merzifon district in Turkey ...... 103 Yeşil Gübrenin Uygulamalarının Organik Pamuk(Gosspium hirsutum L.) Tarımında Koza Sayısına Etkisi ...... 105 Organik Pamuk (Gosspium hirsutum L.) Tarımında Yeşil Gübre Uygulamalarının Verim ve Verim Unsurlarına Etkisi ...... 107 Restorasyon Çalışmalarında Araştırma Kazılarının Önemi: Tarihi Diyarbakır Ulu Cami Hanefiler Bölümü ...... 109 Tarihi Diyarbakır Deva Hamamı Taşıyıcı Sistem Sorunlarının Gözlemsel ve Aletsel Olarak Tespit Edilerek Güçlendirme Önerilerinin Geliştirilmesi ...... 111 Dilan Sineması’nın Diyarbakır’ın Sosyal ve Kültürel Yaşamındaki Yeri ...... 113 Türkiye’deki Golf Sahaları ve Çim Özellikleri ...... 115 Küçük Kasaba Bayındır / İzmir’in Süs Bitkileri Sektöründeki Gelişiminin Kısa Öyküsü. Yerelden Uluslararası Pazara ...... 117 Bazı Lale Çeşitlerinde Gübre Uygulamasının Soğan Verimi ve Çiçek Özelliğine Etkisi 119 Dormant Bermuda Çiminde (Cynodon dactylon) Çim Boyası ve Üstten Tohumlamanın Yeşil Alan Performansı Üzerine Etkileri ...... 121 Kişi Tanıma için Giyilebilir Sensör tabanlı Yürüyüş Tanıma ...... 123 Makine Öğrenme Algoritmaları Kullanarak EEG Sinyallerinden Göz Durum Tespiti .... 124 Determination of Tomato Yield Potential Using Fuzzy Logic ...... 126 Çeşitli Turunçgillerin (Limon, Portakal, Mandalina) Yaprak Ekstraktlarının Fenolik Kompozisyonu ve P. aeruginosa PAO1 Üzerine Anti-Swarming Etkileri ...... 127 Effect of Geometrical Shape on Efficiency of a Kitchen Hood ...... 128

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, IMESET’18 DUBAI Engineering and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Mimari Tasarım Kalite Değerlendirilmesinde Qfd-Ahp Yöntemlerinin Kullanılmasının Önemi/ The Importance Of The Use Of Qfd-Ahp Methods In Architectural Design Quality Evaluation...... 129 A Numerical Investigation of 3D Centrifugal Fan Model ...... 133 SİR JOHN MANDEVİLLE SEYAHATNAMESİ ÜZERİNE BAZI NOTLAR ...... 134 Ellagic acid, as a Potential Protector against Diethylnitrosamine and Phenobarbital Induced Liver Damage ...... 136 Calculation of Stress, Strain and Particle Size of InGaN Semiconductor by Williamson Hall Method ...... 137 The Design of Solar Energy Distiller System For Meeting The Drinking Water Need From Lake Hazar ...... 138 Investigation of the Current–Voltage Characteristics of a Photovoltaic Panel for Outdoor Conditions ...... 139 Modeling the altitudinal variation in secondary metabolite contents of Hypericum orientale ...... 140 Modeling the morphogenetic and ontogenetic changes in essential oil composition of Hypericum perforatum ...... 143 FARKLI SAR DEĞERLERİNE SAHİP SULAMA SULARININ BAZI TOPRAK ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ ...... 145 Biodiversity, Biogeography And Genetic Structure In Populations Of Cyanidiophytyna (Rhodophyta) From Ancient Thermal Springs In Turkey ...... 147 Investigation of The Effect of Nozzle Size on the Temperature Changes and the Relative Humidity in Lab-Scale Spray Drying of Tomato Juice...... 148 Assessment of Karabük BİLSEM Applications by the Perspective of Students and Their Families Continuing to the Center ...... 149 EFFECT OF THERMAL CAHANGE ON IMPACT WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF NANO- STRUCTURED COMPOSITE MATERIALS ...... 150 A SCRUTINY STUDY ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...... 151 Kur’ân’da Geçen “Nutfe” kelimesinin Türkçe Meallerdeki Karşılığına Dair Bir İnceleme ...... 152 Türkiye Için Yeni Bir Cins Ve Tür Kaydi, Agnyphantes Expunctus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) (Araneae/Linyphiidae) ...... 154 The Attitudes of Health Workers in Bitlis Relating to Gender Roles: Bitlis Province Sample ...... 156 EVALUATION OF WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF LITHIUM DISILICATE GLASS CERAMIC MATERIALS UNDER IN VITRO CHEWING TESTS ...... 157 Effects of irrigation intervals on antioxidant enzyme activity in Black Carrot leaves (Daucus Carota L) ...... 158 Determination of the inhibitory effects of N-Methylpyrrole derivatives on glutathione reductase enzyme ...... 159 Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Solar Energy Storage ...... 160 Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Properties of The Dağbaşı Fe-Cu-Zn Skarn Ores (Araklı-Trabzon) ...... 161 Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusion Properties of the Sivrikaya Fe-Skarn Mineralization (Rize, NE Turkey) ...... 162

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, IMESET’18 DUBAI Engineering and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

LARGE FIELD OTONOM RESTORATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS ...... 164 Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesinde Tahmin Metotları ...... 165 Development of Rail Systems from Past to Present ...... 166 Tünel Aydınlatmasında Ortalama Parıltı Düzeyi...... 167 Fourier Analysis in Rail Systems...... 168 Investigation of Underwater Sensor Networks for Routing Protocol Based On the Depth for Data Collection ...... 169

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ASSESSMENT OF SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH AORTIC STENOSIS

Asst Prof. Songul DOGANAY* Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology. Sakarya/Turke,

Asst Prof. Derya GUZEL Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology. Sakarya/Turkey

Asoc. Prof. Mustafa Gokhan VURAL Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Sakarya/Turkey

Prof. Dr. Ramazan AKDEMIR Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Sakarya/Turkey,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

Abstract Introduction and Aim: Understanding of vitamin D physiology is important because about half of the population is being diagnosed with deficiency of vitamin D and treated with supplements. Clinical guidelines were developed based on observational studies showing an association between low serum levels and increased cardiovascular risk. Role of it in several other diseases like autoimmune, infectious, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases has been increasingly recognised. The purpose of this study is to compare serum 1,25 (OH) 2D and 25-hydroxytamine D [25 (OH) D] levels in patients with aortic stenosis. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in 35 aortic stenosis patients with mild to severe and 50 healthy non-cardiovascular disease volunteers. The aortic stenosis cases were selected from patients who was referred to cardiology service of mild, midle and severe degree aortic stenosis. 1.25 (OH) 2D and 25-hydroxytamine D [25 (OH) D] levels were measured in patient serum samples. Results: Compared to the control group, it was observed that 1.25 (OH) 2D vitamin serum levels in patients changed significantly. A significant difference was statistically observed between the control group and mild stenosis and severe stenosis groups when the intergroup 1.25 (OH) 2D vitamin levels were compared. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between 1.25 (OH) 2D vitamin levels of mild and moderate stenosis groups (p˂0.05). However, D [25 (OH) D] vitamin levels of groups were not statistically different (p>0.05). Conclusion: The findings demonstrated statistically significant effect of the vitamin D levels aortic stenosis. Further clinical and experimental studies may be needed to determine whether correction of vitamin D deficiency could contribute to the prevention of vascular diseases.

Keywords: Aortic stenosis, vitamin D deficiency, vasculer diseases

1 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ELLAGIC ACID ALLEVIATES CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE (CLP)-INDUCED POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS BY AUTOPHAGY AND APOPTOSIS REGULATION

Asst Prof. Derya Guzel Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology. Sakarya/Turkey

Asst Prof. Ayhan Tanyeli Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology. Erzurum/Turkey

Asst Prof. Songul Doganay* Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology. Sakarya/Turkey

Asst Prof. Selim Comakli Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Pathology. Erzurum/Turkey

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the antiapoptotic and antiautophagic effects of ellagic acid on rat lung tissue against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis. Material and Methods: In our study, 24 female Wistar-albino rats were divided into 3 groups including sham (group 1), CLP (group 2), CLP + 75 mg/kg Ellagic Acid (group 3). Caspase-3 and LC3B immunopositivities were measured using histopathological methods. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in immunohistochemical staining with Caspase-3 and LC3B antibodies (p<0.05). Caspase 3 and LC3B immunopositivity could not be detected in Sham groups. In the EA+CLP group, caspase 3 and LC3B immunopositivity was found to be more mild compared to the CLP group. Immunopositivity was detected in the interstitial areas. Conclusion: The presented study demonstrated that administration of ellagic acid may be a potential therapeutic option for attenuating sepsis-induced acute lung tissue apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, ellagic acid may be a new alternative for the treatment of diseases with increased cell death.

Keywords: Polymicrobial Sepsis, LC3B, Caspase-3, Ellagic acid

2 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

REHABILITATION OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Fatma AYHAN * Gazi University, Faculty of Art and Design, Fashion Design Department Lecturer, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey

The education system of an ethnic country is basically what human beings are supposed to be and what human beings have to exist in order to serve to train them with an educational program. In this context, ensuring the change in the education system provides contemporary developments in the education programs. Local and formal changes can not be a sign of development. Every development, however, involves a change. In recent years, there has been a major collapse in vocational and technical secondary education in our country. By making it impossible to educate these decadent intermediate workers, vocational schools and engineering education are also adversely affected. The impact of engineering schools on vocational colleges should be debated by determining the causes of the collapse correctly and removing it from the scene. Restructuring of vocational and technical education will accelerate the transformation process. This rapid change in science and technology has greatly influenced individual and social life. This change in the individual, social and universal life has made it necessary to restructure all education systems, in particular vocational and technical education, so that they can respond to job market demands. In the 20th century humanity has undergone a great change. As a result of living changes, expectations from working in the business are differentiated. In the past century, a skilled worker had to comply with rules and instructions to receive a skill-centered training in a narrow area. In our age, those who are employed are expected to have a broad knowledge and skill base, focus on knowledge, update the processes they are working on, monitor innovations and improve their ability to adapt to change. Today, it can not be said that the vocational and educational system in our country has been pace with the rapid change in which different technologies are applied according to the regions. One of the major problems in vocational and technical education is the continuation of supply-demand mismatch. Departments are opened in occupational branches that are not needed today and students who finish these departments are not placed in the appropriate job in the job market. One of the important points here is that our country does not have periodical work force planning in a real sense for the future. According to the results of the central placement examination, the new structuring in vocational and technical education should be in a working life and an interactive structure that decides on the basis of the new, restructuring in vocational and technical education, holistic but flexible individual focused cooperation and participation . In this study; to educate these intermediate members who lead the rapid development of the country, to support these schools, to develop and operate highly effective arsenal and to open schools for the needs of the vocational and technical schools that have been opened before and to propose appropriate use with its foreign examples.

Keywords: Vocational and Technical Education, Arge, Configuration, Contemporary, Technology

3 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

NEW TRENDS IN FASHION DESIGN EDUCATION

Fatma AYHAN * Gazi University, Faculty of Art and Design, Fashion Design Department Lecturer, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey

The role of design in product innovation and marketing activities is redefined. In the design, science and management literature, it is expressed as "innovation process that adds aesthetic value to the product." In this perspective, design is emerging as an artificial expression of administrative processes involving product innovation, communication, distribution channels and re-customer relations. In other words, rather than being a tool used in the innovation process, the design is positioned at the center of the work carried out at the point of creating value added to the product. As design became so important, the consumption habits of people and societies changed and the contributions of technological developments to the production processes became influential. In modern societies, consumers are careful to take into account their specific needs and personal preferences. For this reason, to understand the importance of fashion design training and new trends, domestic companies in modern production and consumption models began to understand the importance of design as a competitive tool and developed with design policies and program in close working relationship with the relevant sector. In this study; the design policy focuses on establishing a network between designers, enterprises, design institutions, educational institutions, public institutions and all the entrants in the design activities in the country, guiding them towards the specified goals and strategies, communicating between them and organizing the activities of the business associations. In order for these policies to be successful, it is inevitable that future goals and plans should be tangibly identified, new information and research must be pursued, and the continuity of the new policy must be ensured. The aim is to solve the problems with university and industry business association in the direction of world trains in fashion design.

Keywords: Fashion, Design, Trend, Business

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

IMPROVED DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM BY STATCOM

ABDELOUAHED Touhami Intelligent Control and Electrical Power System Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel-Abbes, Algeria

Zidi Sid AHMED, FADI M. ALBATSHB Electrical Engineering Section, University Kuala Lumpur, International College, Malaysia

Abstract The renewable energy plays an important role to provide electrical energy other than conventional sources. Wind power is one of the renewable energy sources used to minimize the environmental impact on conventional plant; it is one of the fastest growing sources of energy in the world. However, when the wind power is integrated to an electric grid may cause problems important in terms of power quality such as active / reactive power variation, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operations. The paper study demonstrates the power quality problem due to installation of wind turbine with the grid, and regarding to this problem the STATCOM is connected at a point of common coupling to mitigate the power quality issues. Simulation studies are carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to examine the performance of the wind farm with and without STATCOM for improving Power Quality of wind farms connected to electrical network.

Keywords: renewable energy, Wind farm, Power system, STATCOM, Power Quality

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

RELATİONSHİP BETWEEN CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS

Ayşe Doğan* Bitlis Eren University Health High School, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 13 000 Bitlis, Turkey,

Abstract Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a part of the cardiac operation that causes damage in many organs . Aortic cross clamp application causes oxidative stress during operation . Antioxidant molecules directly react with reactive radicals and can lessen the effect of ROS . In order to eliminate the effect of ROS in CPB; antioxidants such as propofol, L-arginine and N-acetylcysteine can be applied by intravenous infusion or cardioplegia. The aim of the studies is to determine the correlation of the oxidative stress marker and antioxidant parameters with the bypass operation and the aortic cross clamp. İn various studies malondialdehyde (MDA) , reduced glutathione (GSH) , catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) parameters were investigated in blood samples collected from patients with cardioplumonary bypass. The studies have revealed that the patients undergoing CPB can get damaged due to the increase in multiple oxidative damage markers and the decrease in the antioxidant reserves, for this reason, postoperative morbidity and hospitalization periods may extend . Also in a study conducted in 2017, 1960 patients to whom on-pump was applied were assessed and in the assessments, it was determined that postoperative complications, intensive care period, and mechanical ventilation period increased and they also had a significant effect on mortality in the patients having a CPB period more than 180 minutes [10]. It was determined that CPB/graft period more than 56 minutes had a direct determinant effect on mortality and caused hospitalization at intensive care unit for more than 48 hours and a mechanical ventilation period over 24 hours . As a result, the formation of oxidative damage caused by CPB was prevented by being suppressed by the antioxidant parameters especially in operative and postoperative periods. This result showed the importance of the antioxidants in the elimination or suppression of the negative effects of a procedure causing oxidative damage such as CPB. Further clinical studies on this subject are important.

Key words: CPB, Bypass, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant.

References [1] Garcia-de-la- Asuncion J, Pastor E, Perez-Griera J, Belda FJ, Moreno T, Garcia-del-Olmo E, Marti F. Oxidative stress injury after on-pump cardiac surgery: Effects of aortic cross clamp time and type of surgery. Redox Report Communications in Free Radical Research 2013; 18:5): 194-199. [2] Oktay V, Baydar O, Sinan UY, et al. The effect of oxidative stress related with ischemia-reperfusion damage on the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation developing after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Türk Kardiyol Dern, Arş (Arch Turk Soc Cardiol) 2014; 42(5): 419-425. [3] Zakkar M, Guida G, Suleiman MS, et al. Cardiopulmonary bypass and oxidative stress. Hindawi Publising Corporation Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2015.

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[4] Gerritsen WB, van Boven WJP, Boss DS, et al. Malondialdehyde in plasma, a biomarker of global oxidative stress during mini-CABG compared to on- and off-pump CABG surgery: a pilot study. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery 2006; 5(1): 27-31. [5] Placer ZA, Cushman L, Johnson BC. Estimation of products of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biological fluids. Anal Biochem 1966; (16): 359-364. [6] Chavan S, Sava L, Saxena V, Pilliai S, Sontakke A, Ingole D. Reduced glutathione: Importance of specimen collection. Indian J Clin Biochem 2005 Jan; 20(1): 150-152. [7] Aebi H. Catalase. In vitro Methods Enzymol 1984; (105): 121-126. [8] Sun Y, Oberley WL, Li YA. Simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem 1988; 34(3): 97-500. [9] Leong JY, van der Merwe J, Pepe S, Bailey M, Perkins A, Lymbury R, et al. Perioperative metabolic therapy improves redox status and outcomes in cardiac surgery patients: a randomized trial. Heart Lung Circ 2010; (19): 584-91. [10] Madhavan S, Chan SP, Tan WC, Eng J, Li B, Luo HD, Teoh LK. Cardiopulmonary bypass time: every minute counts. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2017 Jul 24; doi: 10.23736/S0021-9509.17.09864-0.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

GLOBALIZATION AND EMPLOYEE MOBILITY: INTERFUSION FOR CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN SELECTED MULTI-NATIONAL COMPANIES IN NIGERIA. LAGOS REVIEWS

Haruna Abdullahi Chrisland University Abeokuta, Nigeria Abstract Globalization is impacting positively and negatively on every aspects of human resources administration, employee mobility is not an exception, in the event of daunting challenges of satisfying customer with the state-of-the-earth products. Modern employees have to be globally mobile in a bid to experience and acquire the necessary modes of operation in the overall interest of their customers. Hence, this paper investigates globalization and employee mobility as interfusion for customer satisfaction in selected multi-national companies in Nigeria. Lagos Reviews. This paper utilizes modernization, scientific management by Taylor and contingency theories. The study employed cross sectional survey design and was descriptive, combining both qualitative and quantitative techniques of study; data for the study was sourced secondarily through textbooks, online sources and journals, and primary data through administration of 550 questionnaires on employees of the three multinational companies; Nestle Nigeria Plc, Total Nigeria and Mobil Nigeria Unlimited, the sample size was selected through purposive and simple random. However, 533 questionnaires were returned from the field. The quantitative data was analyzed with frequency table. The mean age of the respondents was 43.7 years, 70.2%(374) were married,(67.3%)(358.7) had Bachelor Degree, a significant percentage(58.8%)(313) have experience off and on shore business exposure and the mean number of years spent in service by the respondents was 25.3 years. Sizeable number of the respondents (56.7%)(303) was of the views that mobility exposed them to new experiences and better customer satisfaction. The paper recommends global exposure of employees in order to improve their services and ensure organizational sustainability and continual global training and retraining for operational resilience in view of ever-increasing global business competitiveness. This study will be beneficial to human resource practitioners and scholars in the field of human resource and allied disciplines would initiate research from this study.

Keywords: Globalization, Employee Mobility, Customer Satisfaction, Multi-National Companies Business Competitiveness, Nigeria, Lagos

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AORTIC CROSS-CLAMP, PUMP PERIODS AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE

Ayşe Doğan* Bitlis Eren University Health High School, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 13 000 Bitlis, Turkey

Doctor, Fevzi Sarper Türker University of Health Sciences elazığ Training and Research Hospital, Cardiovascular Surgery, 23 000 Elazığ, Turkey

Professor, Mine Erişir Fırat University Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Biochemistry, 23 000 Elazığ, Turkey

Associate Professor, Gonca Ozan Fırat University Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Biochemistry, 23 000 Elazığ, Turkey

Assistant Professor, Yusuf Özşensoy Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biometrics and Genetics, 58 000, Sivas, Turkey ABSTRACT Background: Radical oxygen species (ROS) production is an important factor in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-related myocardial dysfunctions [1]. Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the correlation of the oxidative stress marker and antioxidant parameters with the aortic cross clamp and pump periods and to make contribution to the related studies. Materials and Methods: 54 elective patients for whom cardiopulmonary bypass operation was planned with different indications were included in this study. 16 of 54 patients were female and 38 were male. MDA, GSH, CAT, and SOD were investigated in the blood samples [2, 3, 4, 5] . Results: In the present study, when the change in the oxidative damage and antioxidant parameters in preoperative, operative and postoperative periods was examined; a statistically significant increase was observed in GSH level and CAT enzyme activity in operative and postoperative periods compared to the preoperative period. In the present study, it was observed that there was no statistical difference in preoperative, operative, and postoperative periods in terms of the cross-clamp period and the pump period. Conclusion: The patients undergoing necessarily a CPB operation can be enabled to maintain a more qualified life by preventing different disease complications. Key words: CPB, Bypass, Cross-clamp, Pump. References

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

[1] Kevin LG, Novalija E, Stowe DF. Reactive oxygen species as mediators of cardiac injury and protection: the relevance to anesthesia practice. Anesth Analg 2005; 1275-87. [2] Placer ZA, Cushman L, Johnson BC. Estimation of products of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biological fluids. Anal Biochem 1966; (16): 359-364. [3] Chavan S, Sava L, Saxena V, Pilliai S, Sontakke A, Ingole D. Reduced glutathione: Importance of specimen collection. Indian J Clin Biochem 2005 Jan; 20(1): 150-152. [4] Aebi H. Catalase. In vitro Methods Enzymol 1984; (105): 121-126. [5] Sun Y, Oberley WL, Li YA. Simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem 1988; 34(3): 97-500.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

PROMOTING RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

BASHIR AHMED DANZOMO Departmet Of Mechanical Engineering, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa State

ABUBAKAR AHMED Department Of Electrical Engineering, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa State

ABSTRACT

Currently a high proportion of the world’s total energy output is generated from fossil fuels such as oil and coal. In general, the quest for an option to conventional power schemes for extension to remote and rural locations of developing countries like Nigeria arises from the high costs associated with the extension, as well as maintenance, of the power grid system to rural areas. It is universally accepted that fossil fuels are finite and it is only a matter of time before their reserves become exhausted. The need for supplementary or even alternatives that ideally will be non-depletable energy sources have since been recognized. These non-depletable energy sources are replenishable and are also referred to as renewable energy sources as they are available in cyclic or periodic basis. These include: Solar Energy which has estimated world wide average power potentials of 24 W /m2 of the earth’s surface; Hydropower, major sources which are still under developed, has an estimated potential of the range of 2-3 TW. Available also in limited areas of the world are Wind energy and Biomass. This paper reviews the availabity of renewable energies and their current level of usage in rural communities of Nigeria with a view to put forward necessary policy measures that are essential in order to promote the use of these technologies.

Keywords: rural communities; fossil fuels; biomass; energy consumption; man-hour

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF GAS INJECTION INTO GAS CAP OF A SANDSTONE OIL RESERVOIR TO IMPROVE OIL RECOVERY

Abdollah Esmaeili Cyprus International University – Cyprus

Abstract

In this paper, according to actual condition of this oil field, we investigated about gas injection to find an optimized gas injection process for this oil field. Recovery efficiency of this EOR method was tested experimentally using several cores of this sandstone reservoir. Reservoir rock and fluid properties changing during this process were investigated. For this purpose, a set of experimental tests based on core flooding tests on sandstones was designed. Totally, this research was done in two sections. In phase 1, called problem statement, we tried to get enough data and information about this field to know the problems in this field related to this research topic. In phase 2, called finding solution methods, solution methods for solving these problems were investigated.

The author wishes to express his sincere thanks and gratitude to Cyprus International University (CIU) for their helps and encouragements in connection with this study. I am grateful for all their assistance. . References

[1]. Saidi A. M., “reservoir engineering of fractured reservoirs (fundamentals and practical aspects)”, published by TOTAL edition press, 1987. [2]. Van Golf – Racht T., “fundamental of fractured reservoir engineering, Elsevier Scientific, New York, 1982. [3]. Shahvaranfard A., Moradi B., Tahami S. A., “evaluation of different flooding scenarios as enhanced oil recovery method in a fractured reservoir: A case study”, Brazilian journal of petroleum and gas, 2009. [4]. Montazeri G. H., Moradi B., Tahami S. A., “effects of different block size distributions in pressure transient response of naturally fractured reservoirs”, Brazilian journal of petroleum and gas, 2011. [5]. Poorabdol A., Moradi B., “investigation of hot gas injection in gas assisted gravity drainage process in a fractured oil reservoir”, International Journal of Science and Engineering Research, 2014.

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[6]. Darvishnejad M.J., Moradi B., Zargar Gh., Montazeri G. H., “study of various water alternating gas injection methods in 4 and 5 spot injection patterns in a fractured reservoir”, SPE 132847, Trinidad and Tobago energy conference, June 2010, Trinidad, Spain. [7]. Noroozi M.M., Moradi B., Bashiri G., “effects of fracture properties on numerical simulation of a naturally fractured reservoir”, SPE 132838, Trinidad and Tobago energy conference, June 2010, Trinidad, Spain. [8]. Moradi B., Tousinia H., “miscible gas injection study in a naturally fractured reservoir: a case study”, SPE 132841, Trinidad and Tobago energy conference, June 2010, Trinidad, Spain. [9]. Saidi A. M., “simulation of naturally fractured reservoirs”, SPE 12270, SPE reservoir simulation symposium, San Francisco, November 1983. [10]. Dietrich P., Helmig R., “flow and transport in fractured porous media”, Springer Press, Nederland, 2005. [11]. Ameri A., Farajzadeh R., Verlaan M., “effect of non-equilibrium gas injection on the performance of immiscible and miscible gas oil gravity drainage in naturally fractured reservoirs”, Energy and Fuels, 2013. [12]. Arbogast T., “gravitational forces in dual porosity systems: model derivation by homogenization”, Transport in Porous Media, 1993. [13]. Arbogast T., “gravitational forces in dual porosity systems: model derivation by homogenization”, Transport in Porous Media, 1993. [14]. Firoozabadi A., Markeset T.I., “miscible displacement in fractured porous media, SPE 27743, 1994. [15]. Firoozabadi A., Aziz K., “relative permeability from centrifuge data”, JCPT, 1991. [16]. Sahimi M., “flow and transport in porous media and fractured rock”, WILEY VCH Verlag Gmbh & Co., 2011. [17]. Firoozabadi A., “recovery mechanisms in fractured reservoirs and field performance”, Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2000. [18]. Torabi F., Asghari K., “effect of connate water saturation, oil viscosity and matrix permeability on rate of gravity drainage during immiscible and miscible displacement tests in matrix fracture experimental model”, Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2010. [19]. Hagoort J., “oil recovery by gravity drainage”, SPE 7424, 1980. [20]. Karimaie H., Torsaeter O., “low lift gas oil gravity drainage in fractured carbonate porous media”, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2010. [21]. Shahizadeh N., Bertrand E., Dauplait J.P., Borgotti J.C., “effect of wetting on gravity drainage in porous media”, Transport in Porous Media, 2003. [22]. Hoteit H., Firoozabadi A., “numerical modeling of diffusion in fractured media for gas injection and recycling schemes”, SPE 103292, 2006. [23]. Saboorian H., Ashoori S., Mowazi G., “development of an analytical time dependent matrix fracture shape factor for counter current imbibition of fractured reservoirs”, Transport in Porous Media, 2012. [24]. Shad S., Gates I.D., “multiphase flow in fractures: co-current and counter current flow in a fracture”, Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2010.

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[25]. Al- Kandari H. A., Kazemi H., “gas injection enhanced oil recovery in high relief naturally fractured reservoirs”, Kuwait university, technical conference and exhibition, November 2002. [26]. Ringen J. K., Haugse V., Berge L. I., Reed J., “experimental and numerical studies of gas injection in fractured carbonates: pressure and compositional effects”, international symposium of society of core analysis, Toronto, Canada, 2005. [27]. Yanze Y., Clemens T., “the role of diffusion for non-equilibrium gas injection into a fractured reservoir”, SPE reservoir evaluation and engineering, 2012. [28]. Do H., Pinczewiski T., “diffusion controlled swelling of reservoir oil by direct contact with injection gas”, Chemical Engineering Science, 1991. [29]. Grogan A., Pinczewiski T., “diffusion of CO2 at reservoir conditions: model and measurement”, SPE 14897, 1988. [30]. Jamialahmadi M., Emadi M., Steinhagen M., “diffusion coefficient of methane in liquid hydrocarbons at high pressure and temperature”, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2006. [31]. LeGallo J. F., Bourbiaux B., “mass transfer in fractured reservoir during gas injection: experimental and numerical modeling, SPE 38924, 1997. [32]. Mc Manamey R. J., Woolen J. M., “the diffusivity of carbon dioxide in some organic liquids at 25 and 50 C”, AIChe J., 1973. [33]. Romance R. L., Fernandes X., “mechanism of oil recovery by gas diffusion in fractured reservoir in presence of water”, SPE 22746, SPE/DOE ninth symposium on improved oil recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, 1994. [34]. Sigmund P. M., “prediction of molecular diffusion at reservoir condition: measurement and prediction of binary dense gas diffusion”, Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 1976. [35]. Siang L. H., “measurement of gas diffusivity in three Australian light crude oils”, chemical engineering department, university of Queensland, 2000. [36]. Trivedi J., Babadagli T., “experimental and numerical modeling of the mass transfer between rock, matrix and fracture”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 2009. [37]. Hatiboglu C. U., Babadagli T., “experimental and visual analysis of diffusive mass transfer between matrix and fracture under static conditions”, Petroleum Engineering Journal, 2010. [38]. Riazi M. R., “a new method for experimental measurement of diffusion coefficients in reservoir fluids”, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 1996. [39]. Zhang Y. P., Hyndman C. L., Maini B. B., “measurement of gas diffusivity in heavy oil”, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2000.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

THE VIEW OF PRIMARY EDUCATION CHILDREN ON GIFTEDNESS

Asya Çetin Karabük University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Karabük.

Arzu Özyürek Karabük University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Karabük

Abstract Introduction: The differences in the values, the processes, experiences and needs of the societies cause the differentiation of perceptions and interpretations of the individual's giftedness concept. Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the view of students attending primary education on giftedness. Method: The sample of this research conducted within the framework of the qualitative research approach consists of 60 female and 61 male students attending 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades in Ministry of National Education primary schools in Batman provincial center during the 2017-2018 academic year. Study data were collected with an interview form developed by the author by obtaining the expert opinions. Interviews were recorded by an audio recording device. The data collected in the interviews were analyzed with content analysis. The data were interpreted in categories. Findings: Analysis of the statements of the students on the concept of giftedness in the study demonstrated that they defined giftedness as being hardworking/successful, being talented, and being smart/intelligent. The majority of the students considered themselves as gifted and when asked about a gifted individual they knew, they usually replied as “a friend of mine.” The students stated that gifted individuals could take care of two individuals at the same time, could construct schools/buildings that would not collapse, and could solve problems rapidly. Conclusion: It was concluded that the primary school students did not fully comprehend the concept of giftedness and they identified their role models as gifted individuals. Keywords: Giftedness, view, gifted

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

USE OF CORN IN GLUTEN-FREE FOODS

Mustafa Şamil Argun Bitlis Eren University

Cihan Önen Bitlis Eren University

Abstract Celiac patients can not consume gluten-containing foods. Gluten-free foods are produced for these patients. The disease is a malabsorption (impairment of absorption) problem that results in damage to the intestines by ingesting gluten-containing foods. Gluten is a name given to gliadin and glutelin proteins found in wheat flour. The protein fraction that the celiac patients can not consume is the gliadin protein, which is a prolamin group. Barley, rye and triticale containing homologous prolamins of gliadins can not be consumed by celiac disease; corn and rice can be consumed. Gluten protein; is one of the basic elements that enable the desired texture to be produced in bakery products. For this reason, the removal of glutenin from the formulation makes it difficult to obtain the desired texture. To fill the gap formed by removing gluten, additives such as corn, rice flour and starches, buckwheat flour, potato starch, emulsifier, enzyme and gum are added to the product formulation. Corn flour or starch can be used in products such as bread, cakes, snack foods and breakfast cereals produced for celiac disease.

Keywords: Corn, Celiac, Gluten-free food, Product development

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

THE IMPACT OF STARTING THE DAY WITH EXCERCISE AND SPORTS ON THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS*

Arzu Özyürek Karabük University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development

N. Bahadır Kayışoğlu Karabük University Hasan Doğan School of Physical Education and Sports

Asya Çetin Karabük University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development

Abstract

The present study aimed to analyze the impact of starting the day with exercise and sports activities on the attitudes of children towards physical education and assess the views of the children, teachers and parents on this application. The study was designed with experimental methodology that included two study groups. Quantitative data were collected from 74 primary school students (36 girls and 38 boys), qualitative data were collected from 8 primary school students, 7 primary school teachers and 7 mothers, a total of 22 participants. Attitudes Towards Physical Education and Sports Scale (ATPES), revised by Demirhan and Altay (2001), was used to collect the data. The scale was applied as a pre-test to both the study and control groups. After the study group participated in 20 minutes of physical training and sports activities for 12 weeks, the scale was applied as a posttest to each group. After the application, three focus group interviews were conducted with children, teachers and mothers. T-test was used to analyze the quantitative data. The focus group interview audio recordings were analyzed with content analysis, and participant views were interpreted by grouping the views under certain themes. In conclusion, it was determined that the attitudes of study and control group children towards physical education and sports significantly improved between pre-test and post-test applications. Based on the interview findings, it was determined that individuals did not have the habit of regularly engaging in sports, measures should be taken to improve the adoption of these habits by children in early ages, and the participants considered that starting the day with sports activities had positive effects. The findings are discussed based on the information available in the literature and recommendations are developed on the issue.

Keywords: Physical education, sports, primary education.

* This study was supported by the BAP unit of Karabük University under the project of KBP- BAP-17-KP-465.

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BİTLİS DEVLET HASTANESİ 2016 YİLİ BESİN İLE SU KAYNAKLİ BULAŞİCİ HASTALİK BAŞVURULARİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE İLDEKİ KORUYUCU FAALİYETLER

BITLIS STATE HOSPITAL 2016 ASSESSMENT OF WATER-BORNE INFECTIOUS DISEASE APPLICATIONS AND PREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE PROVINCE

Dr.Öğr.Üyesi, Cihan ÖNEN* Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Bitlis. Cihan

Dr.Öğr.Üyesi, Aziz AKSOY Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Bitlis.

Zakir TEKİN Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Disiplinlerarası Afet Yönetimi

Emrah YÜREKLİ Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Disiplinlerarası Afet Yönetimi

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET

Besin ile su kaynaklı hastalıklar, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde morbidite ve mortaliteye sebep olan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Su ve besinlerin neden olduğu, insanlarda salgın hastalıklara sebep olan birçok mikroorganizma vardır. Bu mikroorganizmalardan en fazla salgınlara neden olan bakteri türleri enterik bakterilerdir. Bu çalışmada Bitlis ili Devlet hastanesine ishal, kolit, karın ağrısı, diare gibi sebepler ile başvuran 17646 (Enterit, Brusellaa, Amip, Toksoplasma, Rota Virüsü, Gıda Zehirlenmesi, Tularemi) hastanın 2016 yılı gastrointestinal verilerine göre salgın öncesi ve sonrası önlemler tartışıldı. Salgınların yayılmasında mevsimsel sıcaklıklarda etkilidir. Verilerimizde özellikle temmuz ve ağustos aylarında Bitlis ilinde salgın yüzdeleri artmıştır. İlin mahalleleri arasında su ve besin salgınlarını önleme adına çalışmalar ve denetlemeler yapılmaktadır. Şehir şebekesine su veren depoların rutin klorlandığı söylense de, ancak %30’u serbest klor düzeyin (0.2-0.5 mg/L)’de bulunmuştur. Kaynak sulara ait çeşmeler için tam olarak klorlama verileri yoktur. 13 mahalle verilerine bakıldığında Şemsibitlis, Hüsrevpaşa ve Beşminare mahellerinde enterik vakalar daha çok tespit edilse de

18 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

enterit olmayan vakalar daha çok kır ve köylerden gelen kişilerden oluşmaktadır. Yerleşim yeri (merkez ile merkez dışı kır, köy gibi yerleşimler) ile enterit ve enterit olmayan bulaşıcı vakalar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (P<0.05) bir fark görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak; bu çalışma göstermiştir ki su ve gıda kaynaklı salgınlarda en çok etkilenen çocuklar olmuştur. Çocuklarda enterit vakaları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde daha fazladır. Salgınların tanımlanması, soruşturulması ve kontrolünün zamanlaması ile ilgili veriler ortaya konulmalıdır.

Anahtar kelimeler: Besin, su, bulaşıcı hastalıklar, koruyucu çalışmalar

ABSTRACT: Food and water-borne diseases are an important public health problem that cause morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. There are many microorganisms that cause epidemics in humans in which the causes are water and nutrients. Bacterial strains that cause the most outbreaks from these microorganisms are enteric bacteria. In this study, pre-epidemic and post-epidemic prevention measures of 17646 (Enterit, Brusellae, Amoebae, Toxoplasma, Route Virus, Food Poisoning, Tularemia) patients admitted to Bitlis provincial government hospital with diarrhea, colitis, abdominal pain and diarrhea were discussed according to the 2016 gastrointestinal data. Seasonal temperatures are also effective in spreading of outbreaks. In our data, the percentage of outbreaks in Bitlis province increased especially in July and August. Studies and inspections are carried out in order to prevent water and nutrient originated outbreaks between province settlements. Though the water supply to the city network is said to be routinely chlorinated, only 30% is found in the free chlorine level (0.2-0.5 mg / L). There is not exact chlorination data for taps belonging to spring water. When the 13 neighborhoods were examined, enteric events were more frequently detected in Şemsibitlis, Hüsrevpaşa and Beşminare neighborhoods, but non- enteric cases were mainly composed of people from rural areas and villages. A statistically significant difference (P <0.05) was found between the settlement site (settlements such as the center and the out-of-center countryside, villages) and the enteric and non-enteric infectious cases. As a result; this study showed that children were the most affected by water and food-borne outbreaks. In children, the number of enteric cases is statistically and significantly higher. Data on epidemic identification, investigation and timing of control should be provided.

Keywords: Food, water, infectious diseases, preventive activities

19 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

EFFECT OF METACOGNITIVE INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES ON PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ COMPREHENSION IN CHEMISTRY

Azmat Farooq Ahmad Khurram Department of Education, University of Gujrat

ABSTRACT Use of Metacognitive Instructional Strategies on Prospective Teachers was examined. Thirty-eight prospective teachers enrolled in B.Ed. 3rd semester from a public sector university participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups (i.e. Experimental and control group). Science Achievement Test (SAT) for Prospective Teachers was developed to use as pre-test and post- test. Metacognitive instructional strategies were employed to the experimental group whereas the control group was treated without manipulating the variable. Training modules for both cooperative teachers and prospective teachers were developed. SPSS software (version 24) was used for computation. On the collected data, t-test was applied to find the effectiveness of metacognitive instructional strategies that whether it plays significant effect on Prospective Teachers’ comprehension in Chemistry. The main result of the study concluded that Metacognitive instructional strategies play significant effect on Prospective Teachers’ Comprehension in Chemistry. It is recommended that use of metacognitive instructional strategies may enable Prospective Teachers to use metacognition for their self-learning as well as their school teaching.

Key Words: Metacognitive Instructional Strategies, Prospective Teachers, Science Achievement Test, comprehension

20 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

MIKRO ŞEBEKELERIN KIRLANGIÇ SÜRÜSÜ OPTIMIZASYON ALGORITMASI TEMELLI ÇOK AMAÇLI OPTIMIZASYONU

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION BASED ON SWALLOW SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM OF MICROGRID

Öğretim Görevlisi, Tuba TANYILDIZI AĞIR* Batman Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği, Batman

Prof. Dr., Zafer AYDOĞMUŞ Fırat Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği, Elâzığ

Doç. Dr., Bilal Alataş Fırat Üniversitesi, Yazılım Mühendisliği, Elâzığ

*Corresponding Author

ÖZET

Teknolojinin gelişmesi, nüfus artışı, elektrikli araçların kullanımının yaygınlaşması, fosil kaynakların azalması dünya çapında enerji talebini artırmıştır. Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının (YEK) çevreyle dost olması, doğada bol bulunması, toprak erozyonunu azaltması, yakıt maliyetinin olmaması gibi avantajlarından dolayı yenilenemeyen enerji kaynaklarına alternatif bir enerji kaynağı olarak görülmüştür. Mikro şebekeler; yenilenebilir ve yenilenemeyen enerji kaynaklarından oluşan hibrit bir enerji şebekesidir. Bunlar dağıtılmış enerji kaynakları, yük, inverter ve bataryadan oluşan şebekeye bağlı ve şebekeden bağımsız çalışan küçük güçlü şebekelerdir. Bu şebekelerin kurulumunun kolay olması, iletim ve dağıtım kayıplarının az olması, sistem yükünü azaltması ve tüketiciye kesintisiz enerji sağlaması gibi avantajlardan dolayı son yıllarda çok tercih edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada bir mikro şebekenin güvenilirlik, çevresel faktörler ve boyutlandırma amaçlı optimizasyonunu yapmak için farklı iki metasezgisel optimizasyon yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Bunlardan birincisi olan Kırlangıç Sürü Optimizasyonu (KSO), kırlangıçların akıllı sosyal ilişkilerini taklit eden bir meta sezgisel algoritmadır. İkinci algoritma ise Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu (PSO) olarak isimlendirilen, kuş ve balıkların sosyal davranışlarından esinlenerek geliştirilmiş meta sezgisel bir algoritmadır. Çalışmada kullanılan mikro şebeke; rüzgâr türbini, güneş santrali, dizel jeneratör, elektrikli araçtan oluşturulmuştur. Bu mikro şebeke 15 MW’lık bir rezidansı beslemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı mikro şebekenin emisyonu ve boyutlandırmasını minimize ederken güvenirliliğini maksimize etmektir. KSO ve PSO meta sezgisel algoritmaların simülasyon sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Mikro şebeke, Meta sezgisel algoritmalar, KSO, PSO.

21 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ABSTRACT

The development of technology, population growth, the use of electric vehicles and the reduction of fossil resources have increased energy demand worldwide. Renewable Energy Resources are seen as an alternative energy source to non-renewable energy sources due to the advantages like friendly to the environment, its abundance in the nature, its reduction of soil erosion, no fuel cost. Microgrid is a hybrid energy network composed of renewable and non- renewable energy sources. These are small powerful networks that are network independent and network dependent consisting of distributed energy sources, loads, inverters and batteries. These networks have been preferred over the last years due to their ease of installation, reduced transmission and distribution losses, reduced system load, and uninterrupted energy consumption. Swallow Swarm Optimization (SSO) is a meta-heuristic algorithm that simulates the intelligent social relationships of swallows. In this optimization there are three particles. The leading particle, the explorer particle and the aimless particle. These particles are updated in every iteration to find the best solution to the problems. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a meta-heuristic algorithm that is inspired by the social behavior of birds and fish. It updates the speed and position information in each iteration and produces the best solution. In this study, a microgrid consisting of wind turbine, solar panel, diesel generator, electric vehicle was designed. This micro grid supplies a residence of 15MW. The aim of this work is to maximize reliability while minimizing emissions and sizing of the microgrid. The simulation results of SSO and PSO meta-heuristic algorithms are compared.

Keywords: Microgrid, meta-heuristic algorithms, SSO, PSO.

22 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

MUŞ İLI 112 ACIL SAĞLIK HIZMETLERI PERSONELININ AFET HAZIRLIĞININ GENEL ÖZ YETERLILIK İNANCI ILE İLIŞKISI

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS WITH DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OF MUŞ PROVINCE 112 EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE PERSONNEL

Zakir TEKİN Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Disiplinlerarası Afet Yönetimi, Bitlis

Dr.Öğr.Üyesi, Cihan ÖNEN* Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Bitlis

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET

Son yıllarda afetlerde meydana gelen artış ve afetlerin ortaya çıkardığı fiziksel, sosyal, ekonomik kayıplar nedeniyle kamuoyunu meşgul eden bir olgu haline gelmiştir. Hazırlık çalışmalarına birey, toplum ve işletmeler eş zamanlı ve bir bütün olarak dahil edilmesi afetlerin olumsuz etkilerini azaltmada önemli strateji olmaktadır. Bireysel afet hazırlıkları, bireylerin zarar görebilirliğini azaltmasının yanı sıra toplumun ve işletmelerin de zarar görebilirliğinin azalmasında rol oynamaktadır. Genel öz yeterlilik inancı, bireylerin afet öncesi edindiği bilgi ve tecrübeleri afet anında etkin kullanmasında yardımcı olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 112 personelinin afet hazırlığının genel öz yeterlilik inancı arasındaki ilişkiyi irdelemektir. Çalışma, Muş 112 Acil Sağlık Hizmetlerinde görevli 156 sağlık personeli arasından 146 tanesine uygulanmıştır. Böylece çalışma, evreninin tamamına değil %95,4' üne ulaşmıştır. Kesitsel çalışmanın verileri; çalışanların sosyo-demografik özelliklerini ve afet hazırlıklarını özetleyen 33 soruluk anket, 17 sorudan oluşan Genel Öz Yeterlilik İnanç Ölçeği ile toplandı. Katılımcı personelin %50'si herhangi bir afet eğitimi almamıştır. Bunun yanında afetlerde can ve mal kaybını azaltacak en önemli evrenin hazırlık aşaması olduğunu düşünenlerin oranı %45,2’dir. Muş'ta meydana gelecek bir afetin kötü yönetilmesinin ana sebebini koordinasyon eksikliği olacağını düşünenlerin oranı %76,7' dir. Katılımcıların Ölçek puan ortalaması 63,44 olup; 112 personelinin kitlesel olaylarda bulunması gereken konumu bilme, görevde yaralanma durumunda tazminat hakkını bilme, kurumunda afet tatbikatı yapılması ile Genel Öz-Yeterlilik İnancı puanı ortalaması arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuşken (P<0,05); afetler hakkındaki mevzuatları ile Genel Öz- Yeterlilik İnancı puanı ortalaması arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (P>0,05). Yaş, deneyim ve

23 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

öğrenim ile genel öz yeterlilik puanı arasında anlamsız bir korelasyon ortaya çıkmıştır. Afet öncesinde Öz yeterlilik inancını artıracak etkinlikler geliştirilmelidir. Katılımcıların İş güvenliği mevzuatları sağlık personelini kapsayacak şekilde güncellenmeli ve sağlık personelinin afet hazırlığı çabaları desteklenmelidir.

Anahtar kelimeler: Afet, Afet Hazırlığı, Muş İli, 112 Personeli, Öz Yeterlilik.

ABSTRACT: In recent years, it has become a phenomenon that has caused to engage the public because of the increase in disasters and in physical, social and economic losses caused by disasters. It is an important strategy to reduce the negative effects of disasters on individuals, communities and businesses synchronous and as a whole to preparatory studies. Individual disaster preparations play a role in decreasing the vulnerability of individuals besides the reducing the vulnerability of society and businesses. General self-efficacy belief can help individuals to use their knowledge and experience effectively during a disaster that they get them before a disaster. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the general self-efficacy beliefs of the disaster preparedness of 112 personnel. The study was applied to 146 of the 156 health offices in Muş 112 Emergency Health Services. Thus, the study reached 95.4%, not the whole of the target population. Data on cross-sectional study; a 33-question questionnaire summarizing the socio-demographic characteristics and disaster preparedness of the employees was collected by the General Self- Sufficiency Belief Scale consisting of 17 questions. 50% of the participating personnel did not receive any disaster training. In addition, 45.2% of respondents think that the most important stage that will reduce the loss of life and property in disasters is the preparation phase. The rate of those who think that lack of coordination is the main reason for bad management of a disaster to occur in Muş is 76.7%. The mean score of the participants was 63.44 and there was a significant difference between the average score of General Self-efficacy beliefs (P <0,05) and knowing the position that 112 personnel should have in mass events, knowing the right to compensation in case of injury in the duty, There was no significant difference between know the legislations about disasters and General Self-Proficiency score average (P> 0,05). There was a meaningless correlation between age, experience and learning and general self-efficacy score. Activities to enhance self-efficacy beliefs should be developed before the disaster. Work safety legislation should be updated to include health personnel and disaster preparedness efforts of health personnel should be supported.

Keywords: Disaster, Disaster Preparation, Muş Province, 112 Personnel, Self efficacy

24 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

BIR HASTANENIN DOĞUM SERVISINDE YATAN LOHUSALARIN ANKSIYETE DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESI

INVESTIGATION OF ANXIETY SITUATIONS OF POSTPARTUM MOTHERS (PUERPERANT) IN A HOSPITAL'S OBSTETRIC SERVICE

Dr.Öğr.Üyesi, Cihan ÖNEN* Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Bitlis. cihan

Hemşire Akgül BABAYEVA

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET

Lohusalık dönemi çeşitli fizyolojik ve psikolojik sorunların ortaya çıkabileceği hassas bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde anksiyete, anne ile çocuk sağlığını etkileyen ve dikkate alınması gereken bir sorundur. Bu çalışma doğum servisinde yatan annelerin lohusalık dönemi anksiyete durumlarını tespit etmek ve etkileyen etmenleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kesitsel nitelikteki bu çalışmanın evrenini Tatvan Devlet Hastanesi doğum servisinde 10 Nisan–15 Mayıs tarihleri arasında yatan 233 lohusa kadın oluşturmaktadır. Anneler araştırmayla ilgili aydınlatıldıktan sonra gönüllülük esasına göre yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle anket verileri toplanmıştır. Çalışmada toplamda 228 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplamada, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan 41 soruluk anket ve 21 soruluk Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Annelerin bebeğe dair başlıca korkuları % 87,3’ü bebeğin başına bir şey gelmesi, % 86,6’sı bebek hastalanması, % 65,4’ü bebeğe nazar değmesi, % 61,8’i emzirmede çatlak, % 51,3’ü bebeği emzirememe, % 43,9’u doğum sonrası kanama, % 39’5’i bebek bakamama ve karıştırmadır. Katılımcıların sosyal güvence durumu, sağlıklı ve dengeli beslenip beslenmeme durumu, yeterli uyuyup uyumama durumu, bebeğinin başka bir bebekle karıştırılmasından korkup korkmama durumu, bebeğine yeterince bakamamaktan korkma durumu, doğumdan sonra kanamanın durmamasından endişelenme durumu, evdeki sorumluluklarını yerine getirmemekten endişelenme durumu, çocuğuna nazar değmesinden korkma durumu ile anksiyete sınıflandırılması(minimum hafif, orta ve şiddetli) arasında anlamlı bir fark vardır (P<0,05). Annelerin % 36’sında orta anksiyete ve % 9,6’sında şiddetli anksiyete belirtileri vardır. Sonuç olarak lohusalarda orta ve şiddetli anksiyetenin yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda doğum öncesi ve sonrasında eğitim programları hazırlanmalı, içeriklerinin ruh sağlığını koruma ve geliştirmeye yönelik olmalıdır.

Anahtar kelimeler: Anksiyete, Lohusa, Kadın, Bebek

25 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ABSTRACT: The puerperium period is a sensitive period in which various physiological and psychological problems may arise. In this period, anxiety is a problem that affects mother and child health and should be taken into consideration. This study was conducted to determine the anxiety status of the puerperium of the mothers who were in the delivery service and to determine the factors affecting them. The target population of this cross-sectional study is composed of 233 puerpera women who lie between April 10 and May 15 at the Tatvan State Hospital delivery service. Questionnaires were collected from women on the basis of volunteerism by face to face interview method. In the study, 228 mothers completed the questionnaire. In the data collection, a questionnaire consisting of 41 questions prepared by the researchers and a Beck Anxiety Scale consisting of 21 questions were used. The main fears about women's babies; 87.3% of the mothers fear a danger to their baby, 86.6% of the mothers fear that their baby is ill, 65.4 of the mothers are afraid of their babies be affected by the evil eye, 61.8% of the mothers are afraid of the formation of cracks in the breast while breastfeeding their babies, 51.3% of the mothers fear that they will not breastfeed their baby, 43.9% of the mothers are afraid of postpartum hemorrhage, 39% of mothers are afraid that they cannot look after their baby and that their baby is confused with another baby. There was significant difference between social security situation, healthy and balanced nutritional status, adequate sleep state, the fear of being confused with another baby, the state of being afraid to look at the baby enough, worry about having the bleeding after birth, worrying about not fulfilling home responsibilities, afraid of their babies be affected by the evil eye and anxiety classification (minimum, moderate, and severe)(P <0.05). While 36% of the women had middle anxiety statements, 9.6% of women have severe anxiety symptoms. As a result, it is seen that moderate and severe anxiety is high. In line with these results, pre- and post-natal training programs should be prepared. The contents of this training should aim to protect and develop mental health.

Keywords: Anxiety, Puerperant, Woman, Baby

26 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

CERRAHI OPERASYON ÖNCESI YETIŞKIN HASTALARDA ANKSIYETE VE ANKSIYETE ILE BAŞ ETME YOLLARI

ANXIETY IN THE ADULT PATIENTS BEFORE SURGICAL OPERATION AND WAYS TO COPE WITH ANXIETY

Dr.Öğr.Üyesi, Cihan ÖNEN* Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Bitlis.

Hemşire Aysel AKSO

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET

Cerrahi operasyon hastada anksiyete artabilmektedir. Anksiyete kontrol altına alınmadığında ameliyat esnasında ve sonrasında hasta sağlığını tehdit edebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ameliyat olmak üzere hastaneye yatan yetişkin bireylerin anksiyete durumlarını tespit etmek ve anksiyete ile baş etme yollarını değerlendirilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmanın kapsamını, Bitlis Tatvan Devlet Hastanesinde 12 Mart 2018- 12 Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasında cerrahi operasyon amaçlı servislerde yatan 300 hasta oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada 241 (evrenin % 80,3’ü) hastaya ulaşılmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede Kruskal- Wallis H ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Değerlendirmede; çalışmanın amacına uygun hazırlanmış 31 soruluk kişisel bilgi formu ve 21 soruluk Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu %55,6’sı endişelerini ailesiyle paylaşmaktadır. Hastaların sadece % 7,9’u sağlık personeli ile kaygılarını paylaşmaktadır. Hastaların % 58,9’u hastane personeline güvenmektedir. Başlıca kaygıyla baş etmek etkinlikleri, kitap okuma (% 14,1’i), müzik dinleme (% 15,4’ü), televizyon izleme (% 27’4’ü), birileri ile dertleşme (%51,5’i), spor yapma (% 8,7’si) şeklindedir. Katılımcıların % 19,5’i orta düzey anksiyete belirtilerine sahipken; hastaların % 12,4’ünde şiddetli anksiyete belirtileri vardır. Kaygıya dair eğitim alanlar % 27,4’dür. Hastalık Hastalıkla ilgili dertleşenlerde ile anksiyete puanı ortalaması arasında istatistiksel anlamlı fark vardır. Dertleşenlerde daha fazla anksiyete belirtileri vardır. Daha önce benzer ameliyat olanlarla anksiyete puanı arasında anlamlı fark vardır. Hastalık bilgisi ile anksiyete puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı fark vardır. Aile tipleri (çekirdek, geniş ve parçalanmış) ile anksiyete puanı ortalaması arsında anlamlı fark vardır. Parçalanmış aile tipine sahip kişiler daha fazla anksiyete puanına sahiptir. Sonuç; hastalarda operasyon öncesi anksiyete belirtilerinin yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Hastaların kişisel özellikleri göz önünde bulundurularak, ameliyat öncesi hazırlık iyi yönetilmelidir. Anksiyeteyi azaltacak etkinliler ve kaygı eğitimi düzeyi artırılmalıdır.

27 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Anahtar kelimeler: Cerrahi, Operasyon, Anksiyete, Hasta

ABSTRACT Surgical operation can increase anxiety in the patient. Anxiety can threaten patient health during and after surgery if not under control. The purpose of this study is to assess the anxiety status of adults who are hospitalized and to cope with anxiety. The scope of the study is composed of 300 patients who were hospitalized in Bitlis Tatvan State Hospital between March 12, 2018 and April 12, 2018 for surgical operation services. 241 patients (80.3% of the universe) were reached in the study. Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical evaluation. Evaluation; a 31-item personal information form and 21-item Beck Anxiety Scale were used. The overwhelming majority of participants share their concerns with their family members, 55.6%. Only 7.9% of the patients share their concerns with health personnel. 58.9% of the patients rely on hospital staff. The main activities to cope with the anxiety of the patients were to read books (14.1%), listen to music (15.4%), watch television (27.4’%), making sports activities (8.7%). While 19, 5% of the participants had moderate anxiety symptoms; 12.4% of patients have severe anxiety symptoms. 27.4% of respondents are educated about anxiety. There is a statistically significant difference between the anxiety score average and deal with someone about the disease. There are more anxiety indications in patients who tell someone about the disease. There is a significant difference between anxiety score average and those who had similar operations before. There is a significant difference between disease information and anxiety score average. There is a significant difference between the family types (core, broad and fragmented) and anxiety score average. There are more anxiety statements in the fragmented family type. Result; it is seen that pre-operative anxiety symptoms are high in patients. Considering the individual characteristics of the patients, preoperative preparation should be well managed. Activities to reduce anxiety and level of anxiety education should be increased.

Keywords: Surgery, Operation, Anxiety, Patient

28 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HESPERETIN ON DIETHYLNITROSAMINE AND FENOBARBITAL INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS

P. Sema Temizer Ozan Firat University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biochemistry Department

Mehmet Ali Kısaçam Firat University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biochemistry Department

Gonca Ozan Kocamüftüoğlu Firat University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biochemistry Department

Nalan Kaya Firat University Faculty of Medicine Histology and Embriology Department

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common and lethal of all cancers. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and phenobarbital (PB) are the most widely used carcinogens for induction of hepatotoxicty in rodents. DEN and PB cause to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Hesperetin (HES) one of the most abundant flavonoids found in citrus fruits has antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and antiinflammatory effects. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of HES against liver damage. Material and methods: In this study, 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Subjects were randomly divided into five groups as Control, DEN, DEN+PB, HES, DEN+PB+HES. At the end of 8 weeks experimental period rats were decapitated and liver samples were taken. MDA and GSH levels, as well as CAT and SOD activity, were measured in collected samples. Results: There were significant difference among groups in terms of liver GSH and MDA levels as well as CAT and SOD activities. There was a significant difference between MDA levels of control group and those of DEN+PB group. DEN+PB+HES group MDA levels decreased significantly compered to DEN+PB group MDA levels. CAT activity significantly increased in HES group compered to other groups. GSH levels and SOD activity elevated significantly in DEN+PB+HES group as it compered to other groups. Conclusions: It is concluded that hesperetin administration may have hepatoprotective effects against oxidative demage in rat liver.

Keywords: Diethylnitrosamine, Phenobarbital, Hesperetin, Oxidative stress

29 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

SIÇANLARDA DIETILNITROZAMIN VE FENOBARBITAL ILE OLUŞTURULAN KARACIĞER HASARINA KARŞI HESPERETIN’IN KORUYUCU ETKISI

P. Sema Temizer Ozan Firat University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biochemistry Department

Mehmet Ali Kısaçam Firat University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biochemistry Department

Gonca Ozan Kocamüftüoğlu Firat University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biochemistry Department

Nalan Kaya Firat University Faculty of Medicine Histology and Embriology Department

Hepatosellüler karsinom tüm kanser türleri içerisinde en yaygın ve ölümcül olanıdır. Dietilnitrozamin (DEN) ve fenobarbital (FB) rodentlerde hepatotoksisite oluşturmak için en yaygın kullanılan ajanlardır. DEN ve FB reaktif oksijen türlerinin oluşumuna neden olmaktadır. Hesperetin (HES) narenciye meyevelerinde en fazla bulunan antioksidan, antikanserojen ve antienflamatuvar özelliklere sahip flavonoidtir. Bu çalışmada HES’in karaciğer hasarı üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu çalışmada 50 adet erkek Sprague-Dawley sıçan kullanıldı. Gruplar; Kontrol, DEN, DEN+FB, HES, DEN+FB+HES olarak rastgele beş gruba ayrıldı. Sekiz haftalık deney periyodu sonucunda sıçanlar dekapite edildi ve karaciğer dokuları alındı. Alınan örneklerde MDA ve GSH seviyeleri ile CAT ve SOD activiteleri ölçüldü. GSH ve MDA düzeyleri ile CAT ve SOD aktivitesinde gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edildi. Kontrol grubu ile DEN+FB grubu MDA düzeyleri arasında anlamlı fark bulundu. DEN+FB+HES grubu MDA düzeyleri DEN+FB grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı azaldı. CAT aktivitesi HES grubunda diğer gruplara göre anlamlı arttı. GSH ve SOD aktivitesi DEN+FB+HES grubunda diğer gruplarla kıyaslandığında anlamlı arttı. HES uygulamasının sıçan karaciğerlerinde oluşan oksidatif hasara karşı koruyucu etki yapabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

30 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

THE EFFECTS OF N-ACETYL CYSTEINE ON THE APOPTOSIS AND EXPRESSION OF TRPM2 CATION CHANNELS IN TORSION- DETORSION RATED RAT TESTIS TISSUE

Esra AYDEMİR Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University

Elif ERDEM GÜZEL Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Artuklu University

Gonca OZAN Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University

Nalan KAYA Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University

Ramazan Fazıl AKKOÇ Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University

Enver OZAN Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University

ABSTRACT Testis tortion is a rarely seen urgent urologic pathology, which gives rise to serious irremediable fertility problems if it is not treaded on time. In work, the investigations made on the effect of a well-known antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) compound on prevention of the ischemic destructions, which arises from testis tortion-detortion steps. Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 5 groups. In the control group; not any process was. In the sham group; the left sides of the testis were taken out and then keep them waiting for one hour. Then, the left sides of the testis were replaced into the abdomen and keep them initial positions. In the NAS group; a single dose of 100 mg / kg NAS was administered intraperitoneally (i.p). In the torsion-detorsion group; the tortion was performed, after for one hour detortion was performed. In the torsion-detorsion + NAS group; the tortion was performed, after for one hour a single dose of 100 mg / kg NAS was administered i.p. After 48 hours, rats in all groups were decapitated and testicular tissues were removed for histological and biochemical analyzes. When the findings are evaluated; in the torsion-detorsion group when compared to the control group; degeneration in seminiferous tubular germinal epithelium, separation in seminiferous tubule basement membranes, edema in interstitial area with significant increase in

31 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

TUNEL positive cells, TRPM2 immunoreactivity and TOS values were detected. With NAS application, these findings were reduced. As a result, it is observed that the torsion-detorsion damages the male reproductive system and NAC has been shown to significantly reduce these damages through its antioxidant properties.

Keywords: Torsion, N- Acetylcysteine, Rat, Testis

32 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ISIL İŞLEMIN POLIVINILASETAT (PVAC) TUTKALININ YAPIŞMA DIRENCINE ETKISI

Prof. Dr. Musa ATAR Gazi University, Department of Wood Products Ind. Engineering, Faculty of Technology, 06500 Ankara – Turkey,

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi A. Cihangir YALINKILIÇ Dumlupınar University, Department of Ind. Design Engineering, Simav Faculty of Technology, 43500 Kütahya – Turkey,

Öğr. Gör. Erhan MUTLU* Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversity, Department of Material Science, 07630 Alanya – Turkey,

Prof. Dr. Hakan KESKİN Gazi University, Department of Wood Products Ind. Engineering, Faculty of Technology, 06500 Ankara – Turkey,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET

Bu çalışma, ağaç malzemede uygulanan ısıl işlemin polivinilasetat (PVAc) tutkalının yapışma direncine etkisini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Bu maksatla; Doğu Kayını (Fagus orientalis L.), Sapsız Meşe (Quercus petreae Lieble.), Kara Kavak (Populus nigra L.), Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) ve Uludağ Göknar’ı (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.) odunlarından TS 2470 ve TS 53’e göre hazırlanan örnekler 165°C, 175°C sıcaklık ve 2, 4 saat süre ile toplam 4 varyasyonda sıcaklığı ±1°C duyarlıkta kontrol edebilen fırında normal atmosfer ortamında ısıl işleme tabii tutulmuştur. Yapışma direnci için BS EN 204’e göre hazırlanan örneklere, PVAc tutkalı sürülmüş ve BS EN 205’e göre yapışma direnci belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; Yapışma direnci ağaç türü-ısıl işlem çeşidi etkileşimi düzeyinde en yüksek 165/2 (°C/Saat) ısıl işlem uygulanmış kayında (13.69), en düşük 175°C sıcaklıkta 4 saat ısıl işlem uygulanmış kavakta (2.708) elde edilmiştir. Buna göre, Mobilya ve dekorasyon uygulamalarında, PVAc tutkalının yapışma direncinin yüksek olmasının istendiği yerlerde 165/2 (°C/Saat) ısıl işlem çeşidinin kullanılması önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yapışma direnci, ısıl işlem, PVAc tutkalı,

33 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Effect of Heat Treatment to Bondıng Strength of Polyvınyl Acetate (PVAc) Glue

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of heat-treatment on the surface quality property and glue bonding strength of wood materials. In this purpose; samples of Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis L.), Oak (Quercus petreae Lieble.), Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.), Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Fir (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.), prepared in accordance with TS 2470 and TS 53 standarts, were left in the heat-treatment oven under normal atmosphere with temperatures of 165°C, 175°C, for periods of 2, 4 hours with ±1°C temperature sensitivity in a total of 4 variations. For the bonding strength, samples prepared in accordance with BS EN 204 were applied PVAc glue and the bonding strength was determined according to BS EN 205. According to the results of the study; At the level of interaction between the type of wood and heat-treatment, the highest bonding strength was obtained from the beech (13.69) which was heat- treated with 165/2 (°C/Hours), the lowest value was obtained from the poplar (2.708) which was heat-treated with 175/4(°C/Hours). Accordingly, it is recommended to apply the heat-treatment at 165/2(°C/Hours) where high bonding strength is required for the PVAc glue in furniture and decoration applications.

Keywords: Bonding strength, heat treatment, PVA glue

34 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

KOLONFON REÇINESININ BORLU BILEŞIKLERIN RETENSIYON PERFORMANSINA ETKISI

Dr. Taner AŞÇI M.E.B., Hayat Boyu Öğrenme, Projeler ve Sosyal Ortaklar Dairesi, Şube Müdürü, Beşevler – Ankara,

Öğr. Gör. Erhan MUTLU* Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversity, Department of Material Science, 07630 Alanya – Turkey,

Prof. Dr. Hakan KESKİN Gazi University, Department of Wood Products Ind. Engineering, Faculty of Technology, 06500 Ankara – Turkey,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Bu çalışma, kolofan reçinesi karışımının ahşap malzemelerde emprenye maddesi olarak kullanılan borlu bileşiklerin (Boraks+Borik asit - ağırlıkça % 50:50) retensiyon performasyonuna etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) ve sapsız meşe (Quercus petraea Liebl.) ağaç malzemelerinden TS EN 212 standardına göre hazırlanan deney örnekleri, kolofon reçinesi ve borlu bileşik karışımı ile daldırma metodu ile ASTM D 1413 standardı esaslarına göre emprenye edilmiştir. Emprenye edilen deney örnekleri, TS 345 ve TS6193 EN 84 esaslarına göre retensiyon performansları belirlenmiştir. Deney örneklerinin yıkanma işleminden sonra kolofon reçinesi ve borlu bileşik karışımı ile muamele edilmiş deney örneklerinin retensiyon miktarlarında, sarıçam odununda %243, sapsız meşe odununda %224 ve Doğu kayında%220 oranlarda pozitif yönde artış görülmüştür. Buna ek olarak, deney örneklerinin yıkanma oranları, kolofon reçinesi ve borlu bileşik karışımı kullanarak, sarıçam odununda % 45, sapsız meşede% 58 ve Doğu kayını odunda % 32 düştüğü tespit edilmişitir. Bu karışımla emprenye edilen ağaç malzemelerin renk, doku ve parlaklığında değişim görülmemiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, borlu bileşiklerin yıkanma direncini arttırmak için kolofon reçinesi ve borlu bileşik karışımı tercih edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Retensiyon miktarı, Borlu bileşikler, Kolofon reçinesi

35 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Impacts of Colophony Rosin to Retension Performance of Boron Compounds

ABSTRACT This study has been carried out in order to be determined retension performance of boron compounds (Borax + Boric acid- wt:wt 50:50%) and colophony rosin mixture used as impregnation material in wood materials. With this aim, test specimens which is made of Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) and European Oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) and prepared according to TS EN 212 and have been impregnated with rosin and boron compounds mixtures that were produced according to the TS EN 212, with immersion method (ASTMD 1413). Retention performances of impregnated test samples were determined according to TS 345 and TS 6193 EN 84 standards. Retention amounts after leaching processes of test samples treated with solution boron compounds and rosin mixture were affected positively in Scotch pine up to %243, in European oak up to %224 and Oriental beech up to %220 according to the retension amount after impregnation. Additionally, leaching ratios of test specimens were decreased in pine up to %45, in oak up to %58 and beech up to %32 using this mixture according to the samples that were impregnated with boron compounds. Impregnation material did not affect of color, texture and brightness of test specimens in 3 different kind of woods too, any residue has not been observed on test specimens. Rosin and Boron compounds mixture can be preferred in forest industry for increasing leaching resistance in impregnation with boron.

Keywords: Retension amount, Boron compounds, Colophony

36 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

EFFECTS OF THE IMPREGNATION WITH TANALITH-E ON THE MOE IN BENDING OF SOME SOLID WOODS

Öğr. Gör. Erhan MUTLU Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversity, Department of Material Science, 07630 Alanya – Turkey, Nihat DAĞLIOĞLU Gazi University, Department of Wood Products Ind. Engineering, Faculty of Technology, 06500 Ankara – Turkey,

Prof. Dr. Hakan KESKİN Gazi University, Department of Wood Products Ind. Engineering, Faculty of Technology, 06500 Ankara – Turkey,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ABSTRACT This study has been performed to determine the effects of impregnation with Tanalith-E on the MOE in Bending of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), European oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.), Black walnut (Junglans nigra Lipsky), Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra Lipsky), Ash (Fraxinus exelsior Lipsky) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) woods. For this aim, the wood samples were prepared according to TS 345 and impregnated with Tanalith-E by the method of the vacuum according to ASTM D 1413 and producers’ definition. After the impregnation process, the densities, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) in bending was measured according to TS 2472, TS 2478. Consequently, un-impregnated samples according to impregnated wood materials, the MOE values to 7.15% in oak and ash, at a rate of 6.58% in the higher were found. The highest values of the MOE in bending were obtained in beech and ash woods impregnated with Tanalith-E, whereas the lowest values were obtained in the poplar wood. Accordingly, where the use of modules in place was MOE in bending is important, beech impregnated with Tanalith-E and ash woods may be preferred.

Keywords: MOE, Tanalith E, Impregnation, Solid wood

37 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

GAYRIMENKUL DEĞERLEMESI YÖNTEMI YAKLAŞIMLARI

Dr. Kemal ÇELİK* Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Harita Mühendisliği, Gümüşhane

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Gayrimenkul değerlemesi, gayrimenkul projesinin veya gayrimenkule bağlı hak ve faydaların belli bir tarihteki muhtemel değerinin bağımsız ve tarafsız olarak takdir edilmesidir. Sağlıklı bir gayrimenkul piyasası için gayrimenkullerin güncel ve gelecekteki rayiç değerlerinin bilinmesine ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Gayrimenkul değerlemelerinin gerçek değerini yansıtacak şekilde yapılamaması sonucunda, emlak vergisi, gayrimenkul alım-satım işlemleri, kamulaştırma, kentsel dönüşüm faaliyetleri gibi birçok uygulamalarda ekonomik ve sosyolojik problemler meydana gelebilmektedir. Kentsel alandaki gayrimenkullerin değeri, mekansal planlama ile oluşan donatı alanlarıyla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Kırsal alandaki taşınmazların değeri ise tarımsal arazisinin geliri, arazinin fiziksel özellikleri, bölgesel faktörler, tarımsal politikalar ve diğer ekonomik aktiviteler gibi çeşitli faktörlere bağlı durumdadır. Gayrimenkulün bulunduğu bölgedeki potansiyel gelişme eğilimleri tarımsal arazi piyasasında fiyatı belirleyen unsurların başında gelmektedir. Bir başka ifade ile kentlerin çekiciliğini artıran ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyen sosyal ve teknik altyapıları, taşınmazların değerini etkileyen önemli unsurlardandır. Günümüzde gayrimenkul değerlemesi için ağırlıklı olarak emsal karşılaştırma, gelir yaklaşımı yöntemi, maliyet yöntemi ve nominal değerleme yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Uygulama imar planlarında konut bölgesine isabet gayrimenkul ile sanayi bölgesine isabet eden gayrimenkulün aynı değerde olması düşünülemez. Konut bölgesi için emsallerden elde edilen ortalama birim inşaat TL/m2 değerleri kullanılırken, sanayi bölgelerinde ise depolama hacmi önemli olduğu için TL/m3 birim inşaat hacmi değeri kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmada konut ve sanayi bölgesine ait değerleme yapılmıştır. Doğru değerleme yönteminin seçilmesi ve profesyonel bir şekilde uygulanması ise gayrimenkul değerleme uzmanınca mümkün olmaktadır. Başta İngiltere ve ABD olmak üzere gelişmiş batı ülkelerinde gayrimenkul değerleme işlemleri gayrimenkul değerleme uzmanları tarafından yapılmaktadır. Tüm dünyaca tanınmış iki ana kuruluş Tegova ve IVSC değerleme standartlarını düzenlemekte ve değerleme alanında etkin çalışmalar yapmaktadırlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Gayrimenkul, arsa, değer, değerleme, Değerleme Yöntemleri

38 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

BITLIS’TE KAR VE ÇIĞ TÜNELLERI

Abdulrezzak Bakış * Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Müh.-Mim. Fak. İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, Bitlis

Yakup Murat Çebi Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Tatvan Meslek Yüksekokulu, İnşaat Bölümü, Bitlis

Muhammed Eren Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Tek. Bilim. Meslek Yüksekokulu, İnşaat Bölümü, Bitlis

Gamze Gencer Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Tek. Bilim. Meslek Yüksekokulu, İnşaat Bölümü, Bitlis

Cevat Kaya Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enst., Disiplinler arası Afet Bölümü, Bitlis

ÖZET Sert iklimsel koşullara bağlı olarak kar ve çığ olaylarının sık görüldüğü yerlerde, ulaşımı rahatlatarak güvenli bir ulaşım ağının oluşturulması amacıyla kar ve çığ tünelleri tasarlanabilmektedir. Kar tünelleri, düz ulaşım güzergâhlarında, özellikle çok yoğun kar yağışına maruz bölgelerdeki karayolu ve demiryolu hatları üzerine yapılabilmektedir. Yüksek dağ yamaçlarında, özellikle çığ olaylarının çok sık görüldüğü ulaşım güzergâhlarında ise çığ tünelleri tasarlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde mevcut bazı kar ve çığ tünellerinin incelemesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca, Bitlis ilinde mevcut kar ve çığ tünelleriyle ilgili bilgiler verilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, kar ve çığ tünelleriyle ilgili öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Karayolu, Demiryolu, Kar tüneli, Çığ tüneli, Bitlis kar ve çığ tüneli

Snow and Avalanche Tunnels in Bitlis

ABSTRACT Snow and avalanche tunnels can be designed to relieve transportation and create a safe transportation network in areas where snow and avalanche occur frequently due to severe climatic conditions. Snow tunnels can be made on straight transport routes, especially on highway and railway tracks in areas exposed to very heavy snowfall. Avalanche tunnels can be designed on high mountain slopes, especially on transport routes where avalanche events are frequent. In this study, some snow and avalanche tunnels were examined in our country. Also, in the study, some of the existing snow and avalanche in Bitlis were given. As a result of the study, suggestions about snow and avalanche tunnels were presented.

39 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Keywords: Highway, railway, Snow tunnel, Avalanche tunnel, Bitlis snow and avalanche tunnel

40 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ASFALT YOL KAPLAMASINDA BITÜM EMÜLSIYONLU HARÇ TIPI KAPLAMA ÖZELLIKLERININ YAPISAL OLARAK İNCELENMESI

Abdulrezzak Bakış * Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Müh.-Mim. Fak. İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, Bitlis

Gamze Gencer Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Tek. Bilim. Meslek Yüksekokulu, İnşaat Bölümü, Bitlis

Yakup Murat Çebi Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Tatvan Meslek Yüksekokulu, İnşaat Bölümü, Bitlis

Muhammed Eren Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Tek. Bilim. Meslek Yüksekokulu, İnşaat Bölümü, Bitlis

ÖZET Bitümlü harç kaplamalar, ince agrega, agrega tozu, asfalt emülsiyonu ve su ile oluşturulabilen karışımlardır. Bitümlü harç tipi kaplamalar, yol kaplama yüzeyine koruyucu amaçla yapılan, soğuk asfalt olarak uygulanan bir kaplama türüdür. Ayrıca, asfalt kaplama yüzeyinin bakım işlemlerinde bitümlü harç tipi kaplama yapılabilmektedir. Asfalt emülsiyonu karışımdaki kırmataş agregayı bir arada tutmak için yapıştırıcı olarak görev alır. Bitümlü harç tipi kaplamanın asfalt emülsiyonu; asfalt, su ve emülgatörden oluşan üç kısımlı bir sistemden oluşur. Harç tipi karışımlarda, kimyasal düzenleyici olarak karışım içerisinde Portland çimentosu, silis dumanı, sönmüş kireç ve benzeri katkı maddeleri düşük oranlarda kullanılabilmektedir. Bitümlü harç kaplamalar genel olarak karayolları, hava alanları ve otopark yüzeylerinde yaygın olarak kullanılabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Esnek üstyapı, Asfalt beton, Soğuk asfalt, Bitümlü harç kaplama, Bitüm emülsiyonu

Investigation Structurally of Slurry Seal Type Coating Properties in the Asphalt Road Pavement

ABSTRACT Slurry seal is situated blends with thin aggregate, filler, asphalt emulsion and water. Slurry seal is a type of coating applied as cold asphalt for protection the road pavement surface. In addition, slurry seal can be used in maintenance of asphalt pavement surface. The asphalt emulsion acts as an adhesive to keep together the crushed stone aggregate in the mixture. Asphalt emulsion of slurry seal; consists of a three-part system of asphalt, water and emulsifier. Portland cement, silica fume, slaked lime and similar additives can be used in low proportions as a chemical

41 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

regulator in slurry seal mixtures. Slurry seal is commonly used on surface of road pavements, airports and parking lots.

Keywords: Flexible superstructure, Asphalt concrete, cold asphalt, Slurry seal, Bitumen emulsion

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

MASTIK ASFALT VE TAŞ MASTIK ASFALT YOL KAPLAMASI İÇIN TASARIM KRITERLERI

Abdulrezzak Bakış * Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Müh.-Mim. Fak. İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, Bitlis

Muhammed Eren Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Tek. Bilim. Meslek Yüksekokulu, İnşaat Bölümü, Bitlis

Gamze Gencer Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Tek. Bilim. Meslek Yüksekokulu, İnşaat Bölümü, Bitlis

Yakup Murat Çebi Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Tatvan Meslek Yüksekokulu, İnşaat Bölümü, Bitlis

ÖZET Esnek üstyapı kaplama uygulamalarında birçok değişik tip asfalt karışımları kullanılmaktadır. Bunlardan ikisi mastik asfalt ve taş mastik asfalt (TMA) kaplamalardır. Mastik asfalt kaplamalar; yüksek oranda bitüm, ince agrega ve agrega tozundan oluşur. Mastik asfalt kaplamalar; genel olarak ağır trafik yükü altındaki yollarda, köprülerde ve havaalanlarında kullanılmaktadır. TMA yüksek orandaki iri agrega malzemesi içindeki boşlukların bitüm ve agrega tozuyla doldurulmasıyla elde edilmektedir. Karışımdaki iri agrega yapısı ve içerisindeki yüksek bitüm oranı nedeniyle, taş mastik asfalt kaplamaların durabilitesi oldukça yüksektir. Taş mastik asfalt karışımında, elyaf ve polimer gibi malzemeler kullanılır. Bu malzemelerin kullanım nedeni, bitümün agregadan ayrılmasını önlemektir. Taş mastik asfalt kaplamalar, genel olarak karayolları, havaalanları ve otopark yüzeylerinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Asfalt kaplama, Mastik asfalt, Taş mastik asfalt (TMA), Elyaf, Polimer

Design Criteria for Mastic Asphalt and Stone Mastic Asphalt Road Pavement

ABSTRACT Many different types of asphalt mixtures are used in flexible pavement applications. Two of these are mastic asphalt and stone mastic asphalt (SMA). Mastic asphalt pavements create from combination of high proportion of bitumen, thin aggregate and aggregate powder. In general, mastic asphalt pavements are used under heavy traffic loads, on bridge and in airports. SMA is obtained by filling voids in the high ratio coarse aggregate material with bitumen and aggregate powder. Because of the coarse aggregate structure and the high bitumen content in the mix, the durability of the stone mastic asphalt pavement is quite high. In the stone mastic asphalt mixture, the materials such fiber as polymer are used. The reason for the use of these materials is to prevent

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the bitumen from leaving the aggregate. Stone mastic asphalt pavements are widely used on roads, airports and parking lots in general.

Keywords: Asphalt pavement, Mastic asphalt, Stone mastic asphalt (SMA), Fiber, Polymer

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

PRE-ERUPTION CRYSTALLIZATION CONDITIONS OF CALC- ALKALINE ANDESITIC MAGMAS AT THE ALTINPINAR (GÜMÜŞHANE, NE TURKEY) EOCENE VOLCANISM IN THE EASTERN PONTIDES

Mehmet Ali GÜCER* Gümüşhane University, Department of Geological Engineering, Gümüşhane, [email protected]

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT

In the Eastern Pontides orogenic belt (Gümüşhane, NE Turkey) there are different volcanic rocks exposed that formed under different types of magma. Eocene volcanism consists of acidic, notr and basic volcanic and pyroclastic rocks in Gümüşhane and surrounding area. This volcanism played an important role during the evolution of the Eastern Pontides. In this study, petrography, mineral chemistry and P-T crystallization conditions of the hornblende-bearing andesites in the Altınpınar (Gümüşhane) area are investigated. Andesites are mainly consisting of magneziohornblende, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, opaque minerals with secondary sericite and calcite. The samples commonly exhibit microlitic porphyry and vitrophyric porphyry textures. All hornblende minerals are exclusively Ca-type with CaB ≥ 1.5, (Na+K)A <0.5 and CaA <0.5 (apfu) parameters with Mg# (Mg/Mg+Fe2+) = 0.72-0.91. Estimation of geothermometry (T), geobarometry (P) and oxygen fugacity (ƒO2/NNO) calculations in andesites using calcic amphibole geothermobarometry equations indicates that the crystallization is estimated to have taken place at 765-867 °C (mean= 790±20 °C); 2.5-4.0 kbar and, from -14.4 to -11.1, respectively. These calculated values indicate that hornblende minerals are crystallized at depths of 9-15 km in continental crust. Consequently, petrochemical data suggests that the parental magmas of the Eocene volcanic rocks probably derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle in a post-collisional geodynamic setting.

Keywords: Altınpınar Andesites, Gümüşhane, Eastern Pontides, Eocene Volcanism

• Note: This study has been supported by Gümüşhane University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Department (GUBAP), Project Number: 16.F5114.02.02.

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MINERALOGICAL AND TEXTURAL FEATURES OF THE ÇAKIRBAĞ GRANITOID IN THE EASTERN PONTIDES (BAYBURT AREA, NE- TURKEY): PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Metin ÇİFTÇİ Gümüşhane University, Department of Geological Engineering, Gümüşhane, [email protected]

Abdullah KAYGUSUZ* Gümüşhane University, Department of Geological Engineering, Gümüşhane, [email protected]

Zikrullah Samet GÜLOĞLU Gümüşhane University, Department of Geological Engineering, Gümüşhane, [email protected]

Mehmet Ali GÜCER Gümüşhane University, Department of Geological Engineering, Gümüşhane, [email protected]

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT In this study, mineralogical and petrographical features of the Çakırbağ Granitoid in the Bayburt area were investigated. The studied area located on the southern zone in the eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). The basement is represented by Eocene aged andesite, basalt and pyroclastic. These units are cut by the Eocene Çakırbağ Granitoid and are overlying unconformably by Quaternary alluvium. The Çakırbağ Granitoid is elliptical shaped, and settled approximately in an area of 9 km2. It consists of monzonite and quartz monzonite in composition. The granitoid rocks are fine to medium grained, and composed of plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz, pyroxene, biotite, amphibole, apatite, zircon and opaque minerals. The plagioclase minerals are andesine and oligoclase with An47-21 composition. K-feldspar is in the composition of Or65-78. Besides, pyroxenes are diopside and augite in composition. The rocks display the commonly granular texture with euhedral and subhedral feldspar crystals. Poikilitic and myrmekitic textures are also observed in some samples. Furthermore, some monzonite samples exhibit intergranular texture in which the angular interstices between feldspar grains are occupied by grains of ferromagnesium minerals such as biotite, amphibole and/or pyroxene. Consequently, disequilibrium textures from monzonite and quartz monzonite have been recorded throughout the

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Çakırbağ Granitoid indicating magma mixing. The Çakırbağ Granitoid was produced by the partial melting of lithospheric mantle, with minor melt contribution derived from the crustal material.

Keywords: Bayburt, Çakırbağ Granitoid, Eastern Pontides, Eocene, Petrography

• This study was partially funded by the Turkish Scientific Research Council (TUBITAK project no: 115Y154).

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GEOLOGICAL AND PETROGRAPHICAL STUDY OF THE ARSLANDEDE GRANITOID AND THEIR MAFIC MAGMATIC ENCLAVES (BAYBURT AREA, NE-TURKEY)

Zikrullah Samet GÜLOĞLU Gümüşhane University, Department of Geological Engineering, Gümüşhane, [email protected]

Abdullah KAYGUSUZ* Gümüşhane University, Department of Geological Engineering, Gümüşhane, [email protected]

Mehmet Ali GÜCER Gümüşhane University, Department of Geological Engineering, Gümüşhane, [email protected]

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT The study area is located on the southern zone in the eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). The Arslandede Granitoid is ellipse shaped, and settled approximately in an area of 24 km2. In this study, mineralogical, petrographical and textural features of Arslandede Granitoid and their mafik magmatik enclaves in the Arslandede (Bayburt) area were investigated. The basement is represented by Eocene aged andesite and pyroclastics. These units are cut by the Eocene Arslandede Granitoid and are overlie unconformably by Quaternary alluvium. The Arslandede Granitoid contains various granitic rocks. It consists of monzogabbro, monzodiorite, monzonite, quartz monzonite and monzogranite in composition. In addition, mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are observed in the Arslandede Granitoid. Although enclaves are finer granular and darker colored than their host rocks, they also show similar mineralogical and petrographical properties. MMEs are composed of diorite and monzodiorite, and are observed in the monzonite and monzogranite composed host rocks. The granitoid rocks are fine to medium grained, and composed of plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz, hornblende, biotite, clinopyroxene, apatite, zircon and opaque minerals. The rocks display the commonly granular texture with euhedral and subhedral feldspar and mafic (hornblende, biotite and clinopyroxene) crystals. Poikilitic textures are also observed in some samples. Furthermore, some monzogabbro samples exhibit intergranular texture in which the angular interstices between plagioclase grains are occupied by grains of ferromagnesium minerals such as clinopyroxene. As a result, disequilibrium textures from granitoid rocks have been recorded throughout the Arslandede Granitoid indicating magma mixing. The Arslandede Granitoid was produced by the partial melting of lithospheric mantle, with minor contribution from the crustal rocks. The MMEs

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are accepted as magma mixing (mixing/magma mingling) products that are small bodies of the similarly aged mafic magma and solidify in the host rock.

Keywords: Arslandede Granitoid, Bayburt, Eastern Pontides, Eocene, Mafic microgranular enclaves

• This study was partially funded by the Turkish Scientific Research Council (TUBITAK Project no: 115Y154).

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E-BELEDIYECILIK UYGULAMALARINDA MEZARLIK BILGI SISTEMI

Kemal ÇELİK* Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Harita Mühendisliği Bölümü, Gümüşhane, [email protected]

*Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Günümüzde dünyada kırsal alandan kentlere doğru hızlı bir nüfus akışı söz konusudur. Bu hareketlenme beraberinde hızlı kentleşmeyi, dolayısıyla da kentleşme problemlerini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu durum kentlerde aşırı nüfus artışını dolayısıyla kentleşme problemlerini beraberinde getirmektedir. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında Türkiye’nin kırsal nüfusu oranı % 80 civarındayken, kentsel nüfus oranı %20 civarında gerçekleşmiştir. Kırsal alanlardan kentlere yapılan göçlerden dolayı günümüzde bu oran kırsal nüfus %20 kentsel nüfus % 80 oranıyla tersine dönmüştür. Kent merkezinde yaşayanların sayısındaki artışın en önemli nedenleri arasında sanayinin hızlı gelişmesi ve sosyal hayattaki ihtiyaçların büyük bir kısmının şehirlerde olmasıdır. Nüfus artışı ile birlikte kentlerin planlanması ve yönetilmesi daha zor olmakta, kararların verilmesinde birçok karmaşık bilginin aynı anda ve çok kısa bir zaman diliminde analiz edilmesi gerekmektedir. Kentte yaşayan bireylerin, taleplerini karşılamak için, faaliyet gösteren kurum ve kuruluşların hizmetleri aksatmadan yerine getirebilmesi, bu kurum ve kuruluşların kent bilgilerine sağlıklı bir şekilde hakim olmasıyla mümkündür. Zamanın değeri, çok fazla bilginin kısa zamanda analiz edilmesini ve istenen bilgiye en kısa zamanda ulaşmayı gerektirmektedir. Bunun sağlanabilmesi ancak bilgi sistemlerinin etkin bir şekilde kullanılmasıyla mümkün olacaktır. Kent bilgi sistemleri kentin çeşitli konularda uygulanmasına yardımcı olan analiz, sorgulama, sonuç veri sunumu imkânlarını kentlilere vermektedir. Özellikle karmaşık sorunları çözmede, yapılan işlerin kentlilerin erişimine sunulması konusunda bilgi sistemleri önemli rol oynar. Bilindiği gibi mezarlıklarımız bizim unutmadığımız ve unutamayacağımız sevdiklerimizin bulunduğu ebedi mekânlardır. Belediyelerin faaliyet alanlarında bulunan mezarlıkların temizliği, düzenliliği, kadar buradaki bilgilerin kolay ulaşılabilirliği, güncelliği, doğruluğu da çok önemlidir. Günümüzde teknolojinin geldiği düzeyi göz önüne aldığımızda, belediyecilik ile ilgili faaliyetlerin elektronik ortamda düzenlenmesi ve sunulması mümkün hale gelmiştir. Kentsel nüfusun artışı sebebiyle ortaya çıkan zorluklardan biri de mezarlık yönetimi işlemleridir. Kent bilgi sistemlerinin bu sorun çözümünde etkin şekilde kullanımı söz konusudur. Mezarlık Bilgi Sistemi (MEBİS); mezarlıklarla ilgili kayıtların dijital ortamda doğru ve güvenilir bir şekilde tutulmasını, belediyedeki ilgili kişiler ve vatandaşlar tarafından bu kayıtlara ulaşılmasını sağlayarak mezarlıkların sağlıklı bir şekilde denetlenmesini sağlamak amacıyla kullanılan bir bilgi sistemidir. E-Belediyecilik uygulamalarından MEBİS; tüm belediyelerin asli vazifelerinden olan, mezarlıkların yönetim ve kullanımıyla ilgili iş ve işlemler için son teknolojiler kullanılarak etkin, hızlı, ekonomik ve planlı karar destek sistemi sunmak amacıyla hazırlanmış bir bilgi sistemidir. MEBİS, mezarlık müdürlüklerindeki mevcut tüm verilerin ortak bir veri tabanında toplanması ve

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mezarlıklara ait sayısal halihazır haritaların oluşturulması, parselasyon planlarının yapılması, cadde sokak isimlendirmeleri, tabelalandırılması, mekansal ve sözel verilerin ilişkilendirilerek sorgulama ve analiz edilmesine olanak sağlayan sistemdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kent, Kentleşme, Kent Bilgi Sistemi, Mezarlık Bilgi Sistemi

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CONFORMITY ANALYSIS IN URBAN TRANSFORMATION AREAS: SAMPLE OF GÜMÜŞHANE

Kemal ÇELİK* Gümüşhane University, Geomatics Engineering, Gümüşhane

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT Urbanization; as the main reason to strengthen the economy, has emerged when the people began to migrate from smaller settlements to larger urban centers. The growth of the city along with the diversification of transportation opportunities showed expansion towards the city borders. As a result of this, transformation from intense city form to more dispersed urban form has begun. A large part of the population in the world until 1950’s were living on agricultural activities while rapidly improving technology and urban population began to increase with the emergence of new business opportunities accordingly. It is irresistible that the vast majority of the residential property in our country is outside the zoning legislation. Although everyone is of the same mind but law that cannot be overcome in spite of the laws which are taken out this situation poses a disaster risk in terms of poor quality and causes a distorted urbanization. This unplanned urbanization and the ugly image of the disappearance and the necessity of a planned intervention in order to create a more livable space of "urban renewal" concept has revealed. If we define this concept, urban transformation is the transformation of urban areas that have collapsed physically, socially and culturally into urban spaces and become more livable standards. In this study, the types and legal bases of urban transformation applications in our country are emphasized, it has been researched which areas should be considered in the selection of urban transformation areas. Gümüşhane province, Yenimahalle district, an area where the need for urban transformation is thought, the spatial data collected from the land and institutions, has been converted to 3D with the Sketch Up program. For compliance with the reconstruction plan, raided buildings were uncovered. A sample modeling study was conducted after the urban transformation for the selected area, the 3D model of the model is revealed and the new situation is compared with the old one, and it was conducted to investigate whether the area is appropriate for the urban transformation or not.

Keywords: Urban, Urbanization, Urban transformation, Risky Structure

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

EFFECTS ON THE EDUCATION STRESS OF THE SELF-EFFICACY LEVEL OF NURSING STUDENTS

Lecturer Seda GÖGER* Sakarya University, Health Services Vocational School, Elderly Care Program, Sakarya,

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayşe ÇEVİRME Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Nursing,

ABSTRACT Aim: This study was planned to determine the effect of nursing self-efficacy level on educational stress. Data and Method: The environment of the descriptive research consists of a total of 266 undergraduate students studying in the nursing department of a health faculty in spring semester of 2018-2019 academic year. It was planned to reach the whole of the environment without performing the sample selection in the study and 246 people who accepted to participate in the study constituted the sample of the study. In the collection of data, Introductory Characteristics Information Form for Students, Nursing Education Stress Scale and General Self- Efficacy Scale were used. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics were evaluated by using t test, analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis test, Pearson Correlation and Simple Linear Regression tests. Findings: 75.6% of the students who participated in the study are girls, and 32.1% are studying in the second grade. The perceived academic achievement of 78.5% of the students was moderate and 72.4% were willing to work in the nursing profession. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the Nursing Education Stress Scale (NESS) were 0.89. It was determined that female students had a higher and statistically significant effect on the NESS implementation subscale and total scores than male students (Respectively t=3.025, p=0.003, t=2.620, p=0.009). There was a significant difference between the grades and the perceived academic achievement levels in terms of the GSES total scores (Respectively F: 3.899, p=0.01; F: 5.349, p=0.005). There was a significant negative correlation between the total score of the GSES and the total score of the NESS at the weak and advanced level (rs=-0.275,

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p=0.000). The GSES total point variance describes approximately 28% of the change in total NESS score (R=0.275, P=0.000). Result: As a result of the study, it was determined that as the general self-efficacy levels of the nursing students increased, their nursing education stress level is decreased. It is suggested that different strategies that reduce anxiety and increase self-efficacy level should be used in nursing education. Keywords: Student Nurse, Self-Efficacy, Education Stress

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Synthesis and Optical Properties of Some Isoindol-1,3-dione Compounds

Dr. Ayse Tan* Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Mus Alparslan University, 49250 Mus, Turkey, E-mail: [email protected]

Research Assist. Serap Kizilkaya Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mus Alparslan University, 49250 Mus, Turkey, E-mail: [email protected]

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bayram Gunduz Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Mus Alparslan University, 49250 Mus¸ Turkey, E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Dr. Yunus Kara Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey, E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Isoindol-1,3-diones are interesting compounds due to their important biological properties in the field of synthetic organic chemistry, and medicinal chemistry [1-2]. For this reason, many approaches have been developed for their efficient and versatile synthesis. We have reported biological effects of some of isoindole derivatives and their fluorescence properties in our previous studies [2]. In this study, we have reported the synthesis of novel N-substituted isoindol-1,3-dione derivatives 5, 6, and 7 (Scheme 1) and investigated the optical properties of compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. For this purpose, the absorbance (Abs), transmittance (T), absorbance band edge (EAbs-be), optical band gap (Eg), and refractive index (n) of these compounds were calculated. The results showed that these compounds exhibit insulator/dielectric behaviour. So, these compounds can be used as the oxide layer in metal oxide semiconductors and as insulating layers in transistors.

Scheme 1. The synthesis of compounds 2-7

Keywords: Isoindol-1,3-dione, optical parameters, refractive index, dielectric materials

REFERENCES

[1] Kok S.H.L. et al, (2008) ‘Synthesis and anti-cancer activity of benzothiazole containing Phthalimide on human carcinoma cell lines’, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16, 3626-3631.

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[2] Tan A., Bozkurt E., Kara Y., (2017) ‘Investigation of solvent effects on photophysical properties of new aminophthalimide derivatives-based on methanesulfonate’, J. of Fluoresc., 27, 981-992.

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MIMARLIK VE DOĞA İLIŞKISI ETKILEŞIM/BENZEŞIM: GENETIK MIMARLIK PARADIGMASI

INTERACTION/SIMILARITY BETWEEN ARCHITECTURE AND NATURE: PARADIGM OF GENETIC ARCHITECTURE

Arş. Gör, Veda Seven BİÇEN* Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Mimarlık, Bitlis

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET İnsanoğlu varoluşundan günümüze kadar sürekli olarak doğayla etkileşim halinde olmuştur. Bu etkileşimi tarih boyunca ortaya çıkardığı değişimler mimari ürünlerde de kendini göstermiş ve farklı esinlenme örneklerini oluşturmuştur. Antik dönemden XX. Yy’a kadar doğa biçimsel ve strüktürel olarak öykünme kaynağı olurken bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmelerle beraber doğanın sistematik olarak öğrenimi yaşamsal dengenin unsurlarının mekanizması mimarlığı etkileyerek tasarım ve üretim süreçleri için esin kaynağı olmuştur. XX. yy sonlarında doğal yapılaşmalardan ve oluşumlardan esinlenilmiş/ öğrenilmiş/ uyarlanmış metaforların mimari tasarıma aktarılması Biyomimesis kavramı ile anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Günümüzde biyomimesis kavramını bir adım öteye taşıyan, yaşamsal döngünün devamlılığının en küçük ve etkin olan DNA’nın işleyiş ve canlıya kazandırım/oluşum mekanizmasının, bilimsel verilerle analizinin, mimari ürünlere uyarlanması fikri ile ortaya çıkan genetik mimarlık yaklaşımının önermeleri ve olası etkileri değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Genetik mimarlık, Genetik, Mimarlık ve doğa etkileşimi.

ABSTRACT Human being has been constantly interacting with nature from its existence. The changes that this interaction has emerged throughout history have also manifested itself in architectural products, and different inspiration has become a source of emulation of antiquity and structure, while the mechanism of systematic learning and vital equilibrium elements of scientific and technological developments has been a source of inspiration for design and production processes by influencing architecture. At the end of the 20th century, it was attempted to understand the concept of Biomimesis by transferring architectural design to natural architectures and inspired/learned/adapted metaphors from their formations. Today, the proposals and probable effects of the approach of genetic architecture, which brings the concept of biomimics one step further, the idea of adaptation of the mechanism of the functioning and formation of living organisms, the analysis of scientific evidence, and architectural products, the smallest and most effective DNA of its continuity, has been tried to be evaluated.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Keywords: Genetic architecture, Genetic, Architecture and nature interaction

. REFERANSLAR [1] Altun, T.D.A., (2007) Geleceğin Mimarlığı, Bilimsel Teknolojik Değişimlerin Mimarlığa Etkileri, DEÜ, Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, Cilt.9, Sayı:1,5. [2] Altun, T.D.A., Köktürk,G., (Erişim tarihi 10.04.2013) Doğa Bilimlerinin Mimarlığa Etkileri, Robotik, Nanoteknoloji ve Genetik, http://gulden.kokturk.com/isparta.pdf. [3] Bahadır, Ö. (Erişim tarihi 25.04.2013), Doğabilimleri Mimarlık Etkileşimine “Canlılık” Kavramı Üzerinden Bakış, www.ozlembahadir.com, Güney Mimarlık Dergisi, Aralık 2011. [4] Demirkan, Ö.H. ,(2010) Mimari Tasarımda Mimesis; Archiprix Projeleri Üzerinden Mimetik Bir Çözümleme Denemesi, Doktora Tezi KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, s.46-77. [5] Erdoğan, E., Sorguç, A.G., (2011) Hesaplamalı Modeller Aracılığıyla Mimari ve Doğal Biçim Tüketim İlkelerini İlişkilendirmek ODTÜ, JFA,Cilt:28 s.2-5. [6] Karagöz, G., (2007) Doğaya Öykünme; Art Nouveau Mimarlığı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, GÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, s.10-36. [7] Korur, Z.N.E., (2012) Genetik Mimarlık Kavramının Günümüz Mimarlık Anlayışları İçindeki Yeri, Doktora Tezi, İTÜ, s.15-216. [8] Mutlu, N. ,(2006) Genetik Teknolojisi ve Mimarlık Arakesitinde Var Olma Olasılıkları, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İTÜ, s.1-43. [9] Özen, G., (2006) Bilim Kurgu ve Etki Alanı Üzerinden Geleceğin Yapay Çevrelerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İTÜ, s.44,46. [10] Özülkü,Ö.(2010), Modern Mimarlıkta Doğadan Etkilenen Form ve Geleceğe Yönelik Yaklaşımlar, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, MSGSÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, s.86. [11] Selçuk,S.A., Sorguç,A.G.,(2007) Mimarlık Tasarımı Paradigmasında Biomesis’in Etkisi, GÜ Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt:22, N.2,3. [12] Suner,A., (2011) “Adaptive Architecture” Çevresel Etkenlere Göre Değişebilen Mimari, Ekoyapı Cilt:5. [13] Yeler, G.M., (2012) Mimarlikta Biyomorfizim, Doktora Tezi, TÜ, s.1-300.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

GELENEKSEL BITLIS EVLERI MEKANSAL ANALIZINDE “BEROJ”

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL BITLIS HOUSES: “BEROJ”

Arş. Gör, Veda Seven BİÇEN* Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Mimarlık, Bitlis

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Bitlis zengin tarihi dokusu ile geçmişi geleceğe bağlayan birçok tarihi yapıyı içerisinde barındıran bir kenttir. Bu çalışmada Geleneksel Bitlis evlerinin mekansal analizlerine etki eden ve coğrafi şartların şekillendirdiği “Beroj” hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında plan düzleminde Geleneksel Bitlis Evleri fonksiyon dağılımı, malzeme kullanımı, yapım teknikleri ve yapıların formu hakkında da bilgiler verilmiştir. Çalışmanı ana temasını Beroj kavramı oluşturmaktadır. Beroj kavramı örnek projeler de kullanılarak açıklanmış ve fonksiyonel analizi belirtilmiştir. Beroj kavramının ilk olarak bu çalışmada kullanılması çalışmaya ayrı bir değer katmaktadır. Geleneksel yapıların sosyo-kültürel somut imgeler olması, mekânsal analiz çalışmalarında morfolojik olarak incelerken kültürel yansımalarında okunması üzerinde durulması gereken bir noktadır. Yapıların anlaşılabilirliği geleceğe yönelik belirlenecek koruma ve aktarma adımlarında önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bitlis, Geleneksel Bitlis Evleri, Bitlis Tarihi Yapıları

Spatial Analysis Of Traditional Bitlis Houses: “Beroj”

ABSTRACT Bitlis is a city that hosts many historical buildings that connect the past with the future by its rich historical texture. In this study, information was given about “Beroj”, which affects the spatial analysis of traditional Bitlis houses and shaped by geographical conditions. In the scope of the study, information about the function distribution of traditional Bitlis Houses, material use, construction techniques and form of buildings in plan level was also given. The main theme of the study is the concept of the Beroj. The concept of Beroj is explained using sample projects and indicating the functional analysis. Concept of Beroj firstly used in this study; this also adds a distinct value to the study. It is important to note that traditional structures are socio-cultural tangible elements, and that cultural reflection is also revealed when morphologically studying spatial analysis works. The intelligibility of the structures is important in the protection and transfer steps to be determined for the future.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Keywords: Bitlis, Traditional Bitlis Houses, Bitlis Historical Buildings

[1] Sayan Y. ve Öztürk Ş. (2001). Bitlis Evleri. Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları Sanat Eserleri Dizisi/356, 3-36. [2] Serdar M, T. (2001). Rüyalar Şehri Bitlis, Bitlis Valiliği Sanat Eserleri, 18-234. [3] OĞUZ PAYASLI, G. (2012). Mekansal ve Sosyal Yapısıyla Bitlis Geleneksel Sivil Mimarisi, Türkiye Anıt Çevre Turizm Değerlerini Koruma Vakfı Sanat Eserleri, 220. [4] Işık E., Aydın M, C., Büyüksaraç A. ve Ulu A,E. (2018Structural Analysis of Historic Bitlis Houses.4th Int. Conf on Engineeringand Natural Science, Kiev,Ukraine, May 02-06, 2018. [5] Web-1: http://bitlishsm.gov.tr/index.php/tarihce, consulted20December 2012. [6] Web- 2:http://www.bitlisafetacil.gov.tr/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id =56&Itemid=66, consulted20December 2012. [7] Web-1: https://tr.climate-data.org/location/275/, consulted10May 2018. [8] Fotoğraf Sanatçısı Çağlayan E. (2018). Bitlis Fotoğraf Albüm Arşivi.

60 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

GELENEKSEL BITLIS EVLERI’NDE YAPI ELEMANLARI VE MALZEME KULLANIMININ ÖRNEK YAPI ÜZERINDEN DEĞERLENDIRILMESI

EVALUATION OF BUILDING ELEMENTS AND MATERIAL USAGE IN TRADITIONAL BITLIS HOUSES ON A SAMPLE STRUCTURE

Arş. Gör, Veda Seven BİÇEN* Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Mimarlık, Bitlis

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Ercan IŞIK Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği, Bitlis

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Bitlis kenti; doğal ve kültürel mirasa sahip olup, kentin tarihi mimari ürünler üzerinden sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yapısının tanımlaması, mevcut yerel ve doğal kaynakların kullanılarak sürdürülebilir kentleşme modeli oluşturabilmesi ve tarihi yapıların korunması/restorasyonunda gereken verilerin oluşturulması için geleneksel mimarinin strüktürel yapısının ve doğal malzemelerin tanınması gerekmektedir. Bitlis tarihi kent dokusunda, sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yapının anlaşılabilmesinde ön planda olan geleneksel evlerin bu bağlamda incelenmesi önemlidir. Bu amaçla tarihi yapıların yer aldığı mahallelerden biri olan Saray Mahallesi’nden seçilen örnek yapı üzerinden yapım teknikleri tanımlanarak, yapı elemanları ve kullanılan malzemeler analiz edilmiştir. Yığma konstrüksiyonlu yapının kat planları, fotoğrafları ve raporları üzerinden iç ve dış yapı elemanları tanımlanarak, geleneksel malzemeler ve kullanım şekilleri irdelenmiştir. Geleneksel Bitlis Evleri’nin özgünlüğünü kaybetmesine kullanıcılar tarafından yapılan işlemler ve ağır iklim koşullarının sebep olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Geleneksel Bitlis Evleri için Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak Binalar Hakkında Yönetmelik’de verilen şartlarda çalışmada kontrol edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler: Geleneksel Bitlis Evleri, Yapı elemanları, Ahlat ve Bitlis Taşı,

ABSTRACT The city of Bitlis has a natural and cultural heritage. The structure of the traditional architecture and the natural materials must be recognized in order to define the social, cultural and economic texture of the city through its architectural products, to create a sustainable urbanization model using existing local and natural resources and to create the necessary data for the

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

protection/restoration of historical buildings. It is important to examine the traditional houses of the city of Bitlis in the context of their social, cultural and economic structure. For this purpose, building techniques were defined on the sample structure selected one of the neighborhoods called the Saray where historical buildings are located, and the building elements and materials used were analyzed. Interior and exterior building elements were defined through floor plans, photographs and reports of masonry constructions and traditional materials and usage patterns were examined. It has been determined that the loss of the authenticity of the traditional Bitlis Houses is caused by the processes performed by the users and the severe climatic conditions. In addition, the conditions given in the Regulation on the Buildings to be Made in the Earthquake Regions for the Traditional Bitlis Houses were also checked in the study.

Keywords: Traditional Bitlis Houses, Building elements, Ahlat and Bitlis Stone.

REFERANSLAR [1] Aköz F., Yüzer, N., (2009). Tarihi Yapılarda Malzeme Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesinde Uygulanan Yöntemler. http://www.e-kutuphane.imo.org.tr/pdf/11142.pdf [2] Işık MF., Işık E., Bülbül MA., Karaşin İB., (2017). Qr Code Application for Geometric location and Information of Historical Structures. International Conference on Advanced Engineering Technologies, Bayburt, Turkey [3] Oğuz Payaslı G., Aksulu I, BÇ. (2016). Geleneksel Bitlis Evleri: Koruma Sorunları ve Öneriler. Megaron 2016;11(1), 63-67. [4] Işık, E. (2013). Bitlis İlinde Bulunan Yığma Yapı Stoğunun Sokak Tarama Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1): 22-30. [5] Sayan Y. ve Öztürk Ş. (2001). Bitlis Evleri. Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları Sanat Eserleri Dizisi/356, 3-36. [6] Işık E., Aydın M, C., Büyüksaraç A. ve Ulu A,E. (2018). Structural Analysis of Historic Bitlis Houses. 4th Int. Conf on Engineering and Natural Science, Kiev, Ukraine, May 02- 06, 2018. [7] Işık E., Özlük M,H., Ülker M., ve Biçen V,S. (2014). Geleneksel Bitlis Evlerinin Çatıları için bir Çözüm Önerisi. International Engineering, Science and Education Conference,(INESEC – 2016), Diyarbakır, Turkey. [8] Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak Binalar Hakkında Yönetmelik (2007), Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlığı, Ankara

62 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

MERSIN BALIĞI YAPAY ÜRETIM AŞAMALARI: ROYAL SU ÜRÜNLERI ÖRNEĞI

STAGES OF ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF STURGEON FISH: A CASE OF ROYAL AQUATIC PRODUCTS

Doç. Dr. H. Hüseyin CEBECİ* İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, Orman Entomolojisi ve Koruma Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, [email protected]

Gökhan AYKAN İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Kıkırdak iskeletli (Chondrostei) takımına giren Mersin balıkları Acipenceridae familyasından olup bunların Avrupa’da, Asya’da ve Kuzey Amerika’da iki cinsi ve 27 türü olduğu bilinmektedir. Cinslerden biri Huso, diğeri Acipencer’dir. Mersingiller ailesi türlerinin çoğu, tatlı suya sadece yumurta bırakma amacıyla gider. Sadece Acipencer ruthenus’un tüm yaşamı tatlı suda geçmektedir. Erkekleri 6–12 ve dişileri 12–17 yaşlarında cinsî olgunluğa erişirler. Cinsî olgunluğa erişenler llkbahar başlarında nehirlere girer. Nehirlere Şubat-Mart aylarında girenler Mayıs ayında yumurta bırakıp denize döner. Nehirlere Haziran-Temmuz aylarında girenler ise kışı nehirlerde geçirip ilkbaharda yumurta bırakır. Tosmur Grup bünyesinde faaliyet göstermekte olan Royal Balıkçılık; Türkiye tarihinde ilk mersin balığı üretim tesisidir. 2006 yılından beri balıkçılık sektöründe Adana iline bağlı İmamoğlu ilçesinde faaliyete başlayan Royal Balıkçılık; 70.000 m² alan içerisinde kurulu 7.200 m² kapalı alana sahip kara tesisinde ve Seyhan Baraj Gölü’ndeki kafes sisteminde mersin balığı yetiştirmektedir. Royal balık su ürünleri 2007-2008 yılında yavrularını yurtdışından getirmiş ve burada yetiştirmeye başlamıştır. Son dört yıldır kendi anaçlarını ayırarak kendi yavrularını üreten bir firma haline gelmiştir. Mersin balığı dünyada koruma altına alınmış bir türdür. Bu çalışma lisans bitirme ödevi olarak hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Mersin balığı, gelişim, Adana, su ürünleri

ABSTRACT

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

The two genus of the sturgeon fish (Chondrostei: Acipenceridae) have 27 species in Europe, Asia and Northern United States. One of the genus is Huso, the other is Acipencer. Most species of the family enter freshwater only for laying eggs, only Acipencer ruthenus whole life is in fresh water. Males and females of species reach maturity, respectively into 6-12 and 12-17 ages. The mature species go to rivers. Those who arrive to the rivers in February-March lay eggs in May and come back to the sea. Those who arrive to the rivers in June-July are standing in winter and lay eggs in the spring. Royal Fishery in Tosmur group is the first sturgeon production firm in Turkey. This firm going on production activities in the Imamoglu district of Adana province since 2006, grows surgeon fishes in a closed area of 7.200 m² and a cage system in Seyhan Dam Lake at an area of 70.000 m² Royal fishery brought their juveniles from abroad in 2007-2008 and started growing them in Adana. This firm produces its juveniles from adult and spawning fishes for last four years. Sturgeon fish is a protected species in the world. This work is prepared as a graduation thesis.

Keywords: Sturgeon fish, development, Adana, aquatic products

64 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

PIRINÇ KABUKLARININ AHŞAP BINALARDA YALITIM AMAÇLI KULLANIMI VE KARŞILAŞILAN SORUNLAR

Doç. Dr. H. Hüseyin CEBECİ* İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, Orman Entomolojisi ve Koruma Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul,

Doç. Dr. Hamit AYBERK İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, Orman Entomolojisi ve Koruma Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul,

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Sadreddin TUSUN Dicle Üniversitesi, Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi, Biyoloji Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Diyarbakır,

Arş. Gör. Merih GÖLTAŞ İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, Orman Entomolojisi ve Koruma Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Tarihi eser özelliği taşıyan bir bina içerisinde odaların zemini ve tavanı ahşap kaplama olması, odalar arasında ses ve ısı yalıtımı sağlaması için pirinç kabuğu-kireç karışımı kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu bina içindeki odalar ve koridorlarda gözlem ve incelemeler yapılmıştır. Oda içerisinde bulunana eşyalar, cam kenarları ve yerlerde böcek erginleri görülmüştür. Elde edilen verilere göre Testereli böcek [Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758)] ve Kırma biti [Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1863] olmak üzere iki adet zararlı tespit edilmiştir. Bu zararlılardan testereli böcek daha yoğun olarak alanda bulunmuştur. Her iki zararlı tür de özellikle tahıl tanelerinin kırık ve döküntüleri, kepek, un ve undan yapılmış gıda maddeleri, yağlı bitki tohumları, kurutulmuş meyve gibi gıdalarla beslenmektedir. Tespit edilen türler ambar böcekleri grubunda yer almaktadır. Bu başlık altında, bu gibi durumlarda hangi koruma ve kontrol yöntemleri uygulanacağı ele alınmıştır. .

Anahtar Kelimeler: Pirinç kabuğu, ahşap, yalıtım, Insecta

Use of rice husks for insulation in wooden buildings and its problems

65 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ABSTRACT The rice husk – lime mixture was used for sound and heat insulation between the rooms in a historical building with wooden flooring and ceiling. We made observations and examinations in the rooms and corridors inside this building. The adult insects were found on window edges, floorings and furnitures in the rooms. According to obtained data, these species were identified as the sawtoothed grain beetle [Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758)] and the confused flour beetle [Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1863]. The sawtoothed grain beetle was more in number than other species in rooms. Both harmful species are feding on corns, foodstuffs with wholemeal and whiteflour, oilseeds and dried fruits. The identified species are in the group of storage insects. In this paper, we deal with which the protection and control methods will be handled in such cases.

Keywords: Rice husk, wood, insulation, Insecta

66 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

YONGA-ODUN-TOMRUK OLARAK ITHAL EDILEN HUŞ AĞACI ILE BRONZ HUŞ AĞACI ZARARLISININ BITKI KARANTINASI AÇISINDAN DURUMUNUN INCELENMESI

Doç. Dr. H. Hüseyin CEBECİ* İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, Orman Entomolojisi ve Koruma Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, [email protected]

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ahmet HAKYEMEZ İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, Orman Entomolojisi ve Koruma Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, [email protected]

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Ülkemizde Betula browicziana, B. medwediewii, B. pendula, B. pubescens ve B. recurvata doğal olarak yetişmektedir. (http://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Yayinlar/Orman%20Atlasi.pdf). Bronz huş ağacı oyucusu, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Kanada’da doğal olarak yayılış göstermekte olup Kuzey Amerika’nın boreal ve kuzeye doğru mutedil bölgelerinde endemiktir (Johnson et al. 2001). Yayılış gösterdiği bölgelerde öncelikli konukçuları B. papyrifera, B. populifolia, B. lenta, B. lutea, B. occidentalis, B. alleghaniensis olmak üzere Amerika’ya getirilmiş Avrupa ve Asya türlerinden B. pendula, B. pubescens, B. maximowicziana ve B. szechuanica üzerinde tespit edilmiştir (Nielsen et al. 2011). Bu zararlı 2011 yılı içinde EPPO (Avrupa ve Akdeniz Bitki Sağlığını Koruma Örgütü) A1 listesine eklenmiş olup EPPO üye ülkelerinde karantinaya tabii bir tür olarak işlem görmektedir (EPPO 2011). EPPO, Huş ağacı ile ilgili ürünlerin bu zararlının bulunmadığı yerlerden sağlanmasını veya ürünler ısı uygulaması, kimyasal uygulama, iyonlayıcı radyasyona tabi tutulma, yongalama veya öğütülmesini tavsiye etmektedir. Türkiye Orman Ürünleri Sektöründe faaliyet gösteren MDF ve Yonga Levha üreticileri sert ağaç ihtiyaçlarının büyük bir bölümünü Kanada ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nden Huş (Betula sp.) yongası, Kuzey Avrupa, Ukrayna ve Rusya’dan ağırlıklı olarak yuvarlak Huş odunu ithal ederek karşılandığı “Yonga Levha Sanayicileri Derneği” tarafından belirtilmektedir. Orman ürünleri ithalatında alınan tedbirler ülkemiz ormanlarını ve bitki örtüsünü diğer ülkelerden gelecek zararlı organizmalara karşı korumak amacıyla alınmaktadır. Agrilus anxius Gory, Coleoptera takımından Buprestidae familyasıdan zararlı bir türdür. Ülkemizde şimdiye kadar tespiti yapılmamıştır. Yayılış gösterdiği ülkelerde ürün kaybına neden olmakta ve bulaşık ağaçlar sanitasyon işlemine tabi tutulmaktadır. Böceğin yayılış alanında Huş ağacı dışındaki ağaç türlerinde bugün için önemli zararı bulunmamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Huş, Buprestidae, Karantina, Türkiye

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Appreciation of the situation of imported birch tree as chips-wood-log and bronze beech borer in terms of plant quarantine

ABSTRACT The species, Betula browicziana, B. medwediewii, B. pendula, B. pubescens ve B. recurvata are grown in Turkey (http://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Yayinlar/Orman%20Atlasi.pdf). The bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius naturally distributing in the United States and Canada is endemic species for boreal regions of Northern United States (Johnson et al. 2001). This insect hosts on B. papyrifera, B. populifolia, B. lenta, B. lutea, B. occidentalis, B. alleghaniensis, also imported B. pendula, B. pubescens, B. maximowicziana and B. szechuanica from the Europe and Asia in the US (Nielsen et al. 2011). This harmful has been added to the list of EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Health Protection) A1 in 2011 and treated as a species of quarantine in EPPO members (EPPO 2011). EPPO recommends to be obtained products related to Birchwood from places where this insect does not distribute, also heat application, chemical application, ionizing radiation, chopping or grinding to these products. The MDF and chipboard manufacturers provide hardwood needs from the United States and Canada as chips and the Northern Europe, Ukraine and Russia as logs and woods in Turkey. The aim of measures with the imported forest products is to protect our country's forests and vegetation against distributes of harmful organisms from other countries. Agrilus anxius Gory, is a harmful species belonging to the Buprestidae family of the Coleoptera. It is not found in turkey until now. The infected trees are applied to sanitization processes for causing crop losses in the distribution areas. There are no significant losses in the other tree species except the birch tree in these areas.

Keywords: Birch, Buprestidae, quarantine, Turkey

REFERANSLAR [1] EPPO (2011) Agrilus anxius. Draft datasheet, 11-16903, WPPR Point 9.3, 4 pages. [2] Johnson M.P., Hartman J.R., McNiel R.E. and Fountain W.M. (2001) Evaluation of dogwood and birch species and cultivars for resistance to key insect pests and diseases. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 19, 73-78. [3] Nielsen D.G, Muilenburg V.L. and Herms D.A. (2011) Comparative resistance of Asian, European, and North American birch (Betula) spp. to bronze birch borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Environmental Entomology 40(3): 648-653.

[4] Web-1: http://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Yayinlar/Orman%20Atlasi.pdf, consulted 25 June 2018

68 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

SODYUM SILIKAT TIPI PRIZ HIZLANDIRICI KATKILARIN YERALTI DOLGU MALZEMESI ÖZELLIKLERINE ETKISI

Dr. Öğretim Üyesi, İbrahim Çavuşoğlu* Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Maden Mühendisliği Bölümü, Gümüşhane,

Prof. Dr. Ali Osman Yılmaz Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Maden Mühendisliği Bölümü, Trabzon,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET İnşaat endüstrisinde oldukça yaygın kullanılan ve betonun özelliklerini ve ekonomikliğini iyileştiren kimyasal katkıların madencilik alanında kullanımı sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, priz hızlandırıcı katkıların yeraltı kömür madeninde kullanılan uçucu küllü dolgunun özelliklerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Yeraltı kömür madeninde kullanılan %25 çimento ve %75 uçucu kül karışımından oluşan dolgu malzemesine %0,5, %1,0 ve %1,5 oranlarında sodyum silikat tipi priz hızlandırıcı katkı ilave edilmiştir. Katkı ilaveli ve ilavesiz numunelere priz süresi tayini ve dayanım deneyleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan deneyler sonrasında priz hızlandırıcı katkılı numunelerin priz sürelerinde yaklaşık %58’lik bir kısalma ve erken dayanım değerlerinde yaklaşık %14’lük bir artış belirlenmiştir. Ancak katkılı numunelerin uzun dönemli dayanım değerlerinde ise bir düşüş meydana gelmiştir. Sonuç olarak, priz hızlandırıcı katkı kullanımı dolgu priz süresinin azaltması sebebiyle maden döngüsünün kısalmasına ve daha ekonomik madencilik yapılmasına olanak sağlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Uçucu kül, priz hızlandırıcı katkı, priz süresi, yeraltı maden dolgusu

The Influence of Sodium Silicate Accelerator on the Properties of Underground Backfill Material

The use of chemical additives, which are commonly used in the construction industry and improve properties and economics of concrete, in the mining industry is limited. In this study, the effects of accelerator additives on the properties of backfill with fly ash used in the underground coal mine are investigated. Sodium silicate based set-accelerating admixture was added to the backfill material composed of 25% cement and 75% fly ash in dosage of 0,5%, 1,0% and 1,5%. Setting times test and strength tests were carried out on specimens with and without additives. According the tests, accelerator reduced the setting times by about 58% and increased early strength values by about 14%. However, the strength values of the samples with additives decreased for long-term cured time. As a results, the use of the accelerator additive allows the

69 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

mining cycle to be shortened and the economic mining to be carried out due to the reduction of the setting time of backfill.

Keywords: Fly ash, accelerator additive, setting time, underground mine backfill.

70 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ÇALIŞMA KOŞULLARI VE İŞE ADANMIŞLIK: VETERINER HEKIMLER ÜZERINE BIR ARAŞTIRMA

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Meryem Aybas* Kafkas Üniversitesi, İşletme Bölümü, Kars

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Gözde Kosa Kafkas Üniversitesi, İşletme Bölümü, Kars

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Pozitif psikoloji olumsuz duygulara nazaran insanlar üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesine odaklanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda olumlu duygu durumlarının arttırılmasının kişilerin yaşam ve iş tatmin düzeyleri üzerinde olumlu etkiler yaratması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, veterinerlerin çalışma koşullarını olumlu veya olumsuz algılaması açısından işe adanmışlık düzeylerinin ölçülmesidir. Ayrıca veteriner hekimlerin yaş, cinsiyet, uzmanlık alanı, çalışma biçimi ve çalışma deneyimi, üniversitede veteriner hekimliği tercih sırasının işe adanmışlık ve diğer değişkenler açısından farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı incelenmektedir. Çalışma hayvancılığın en önemli sektörlerden biri olarak kabul edildiği coğrafi yerleşim birimlerinden biri olan Kars’taki veteriner hekimler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya toplamda 104 veteriner hekim katılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda veteriner hekimlerin olumlu mesleki durumlarının işe adanmışlıklarını büyük oranda açıklarken, olumsuz mesleki durumlarının da işe adanmışlıklarını azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Medeni durum, çalışma kıdemi, uzmanlık alanı, çalışılan yer, açısından veterinerlerin olumlu mesleki durum, olumsuz mesleki durum ve işe adanmışlık düzeylerinde farklılaşmalar tespit edilmiştir. Çalışılan örneklem bağlamında yerli ve yabancı literatürde önemli bir eksiklik göze çarpmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarının çalışmanın kapsamı dâhilinde katkı sağlaması amaçlanmaktadır. Ağır çalışma koşullarına sahip veterinerlerin, olumlu duygu durumun arttırılması ve olumsuz duygu durumun azaltılması için farkındalık, eğitim, psikolojik danışmanlık vb. çözümlerin üretilebilmesi açısından çalışma sonuçlarının katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İşe Adanmışlık, Stres, Çalışma Koşulları, Veteriner Hekim, Pozitif Psikoloji

WORKING CONDITIONS AND WORK ENGAGEMENT: A RESEARCH ON VETERINARIANS

71 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ABSTRACT Positive psychology focuses on examining the effects of positive emotions on humans compared to negative emotions. In this context, it is expected that positive emotional situations increase positively on the level of life and job satisfaction of the people. The purpose of this study is to measure the levels of work engagement in terms of the veterinarians' perception of the working conditions as positive or negative. It is also examined whether veterinarians differ in terms of age, gender, area of expertise, working style and working experience, university veterinary preference in terms of work engagement and other variables. The study was conducted on veterinarians in Kars, one of the geographical settlements where animal husbandry is considered one of the most important sectors. A total of 104 veterinarians participated in the study. As a result of the study, it was determined that veterinarians' positive occupational states were largely explained work engagement while their negative working conditions also reduced it. Differences were found in the veterinarians' positive occupational status, negative occupational status and work engagement in terms of marital status, working age, area of expertise, place worked. In the context of the studied sample, an important deficiency in the literature was noticed. It is aimed to contribute within the scope of study of research results. Veterinarians with severe working conditions are encouraged to increase awareness, education, psychological counseling, etc. in order to increase the positive emotional state and reduce the negative emotional state. It is expected that the results of the study will contribute to the production of solutions.

Keywords: Work Engagement, Stress, Working Conditions, Veterinarians, Positive Psychology

72 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NICOTINE DEPENDENCE AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF VOCATIONAL HEALTH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Asst Prof. Songul DOGANAY Sakarya University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology. Sakarya/Turkey

Lecturer Seyma TRABZON* Sakarya University Health Services Vocational School

Asst Prof. Havva SERT Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Sakarya/Turkey

Assoc Prof Dr Selma ALTINDIS Sakarya University, Faculty of Management, *Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT Aim: The study was conducted in order to determine the relationship between the levels of nicotine dependence and quality of life of students of Sakarya University Health Services Vocational School.

Material and Method: This study was carried out descriptively and cross-sectionally with 72 undergraduate students. Data were collected using the questionnaire containing socio- demographic characteristics, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the SF 36 Quality of Life Scale (SF 36 QLS). Analysis of the data were performed in computer environment with percentile, parametric and nonparametric tests. Findings: 79.2% of the students participated in the study are in the 17-20 age group, 65.3% are women, 54.2% have income levels between 1000-3000 TL, 52,8% of them are evening education students, 68,1% are in first grade, 41,7% are living in metropolis, 75% of them have positive-calm relationship with their friends. The average FTND score of the students was 3.65 ± 2.29. According to the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, 50% of students were found to have moderate nicotine dependence, 38.9% had low nicotine dependence, and 11.1% had high level nicotine dependence. Students’ SF 36 quality of life scale average score of physical main dimension were found 76.30±13.55; average score of mental main dimension were 64.19±16.99 and it was determined that their sub-dimension average scores varied between 58.06±19.46 and 86.11±27.48 It was determined that there was a statistically significant negative correlation of participants FTND average scores and the SF 36 quality of life scale between the physical main dimension, mental main dimension, physical role function (PRF), vitality-fatigue, mental health (MH) and pain subscales (p<0.05) and as the level of nicotine addiction of the students increased, their quality of life decreased. According to the FNBT, when the quality of life is compared with the dependency levels of the students whose dependency levels are determined; it was observed that

73 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

the students with high level of nicotine dependence had a statistically significant lower quality of life than the students with low and moderate nicotine dependence in physical role function, mental health, vitality/fatigue, pain sub dimensions and physical main dimension (p <0.05 ). Result: It was determined that half of the students had moderate nicotine dependence and nicotine dependence had a negative impact on quality of life.

Keywords: Nicotine dependence, student, quality of life

74 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

THE RELATIONSHIP OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY WITH THE NICOTINE DEPENDENCY LEVEL OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Lecturer Seyma TRABZON Sakarya University Health Services Vocational School

Asst Prof. Songul DOGANAY Sakarya University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology. Sakarya/Turkey,

Asst Prof. Ayla EREN OZDEMIR* Sakarya University Health Services Vocational School

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of nicotine addiction levels with the depression and anxiety levels in smoking students of the associate degree programs in faculty of health sciences. Material and Method: A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. Depression levels were measured using Beck Depression Scale, anxiety levels were measured using Beck Anxiety Scale, and Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test (FNDT) was applied for determining the level of nicotine dependence. Findings: A total of 140 students, 94 of whom were female (67.1%) and 46 were male (32.9%) participated in the study. The average age of participants was 19.6, and 56.4% (n = 79) of them were non-smoking. In our study, there was a significant difference between smoking and depression (p:0.01) and anxiety levels (p:0.09). There was no significant relationship between depression level and nicotine addiction level. There was a significant difference between education type and income level and nicotine addiction (p: 0.01- p: 0.05). The anxiety levels of the female students were found to be higher. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it was concluded that the studies aimed at preventing the young people, who are studying in higher education, to start smoking or making it easier to quit smoking would be useful in improving the psychological statuses of these young people.

Keywords: University students, Smoking, addiction, anxiety, depression

75 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

YÜZEY MÜHENDISLIĞINDE BOR KATKILI KAPLAMALARIN KULLANIMI

Doç. Dr. İlhan ÇELİK* Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü, Gümüşhane,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET

Bir makine parçası, maruz kaldığı dış kuvvetlere veya korozif ortama yeteri kadar dayanamadığında genellikle kullanılamaz hale gelmektedir. Bu nedenle korozyona, aşınmaya ve bozulmaya karşı dirençli bir yüzeye sahip olan malzeme seçimi, ilgili mühendislik uygulaması için çok önemlidir. Bununla birlikte, yüzey özelliklerinin önemli olduğu bir mühendislik uygulaması için, bir bulk malzemeden üretilmiş parçaların kullanılması verimsiz ve/veya pahalı olabilir. Bunun yerine, daha ucuz ve daha kolay şekillendirilebilen bir taban malzemesi kullanmak ve bu taban malzemeyi yüksek performanslı bir film ile kaplamak çok daha ekonomik ve pratik bir çözüm olacaktır. Günümüzdeki pek çok mühendislik uygulamasında, çoğu yapısal malzeme, yeterli derecede yüzey özelliklerine sahip olmadıkları için tercih edilememektedir. Bu sorunun üstesinden gelebilmek için yüzey mühendisliğinden yararlanılmakta ve malzemenin yüzeyi, uygun bir yüzey işlemi tarafından kaplanarak daha dirençli hale getirilebilmektedir. Bu yüzey işlemleri arasında Bor katkılı kaplamaların yapıldığı işlemler de bulunmaktadır. Bu kaplamalar; Ti-B, Ti- B2, Ni-B, Ni-B-Mo, W-B-C, Mo-Si-B, Fe-Mn-C-B-Si-Ni-Cr, Ni-B-W, Ti-B-Si-N, Mo-B-C, Cr- B-C-N, Ti-B-C-N, Ni-Cr-B, ve Fe-Mn-C-B olarak sıralanabilir. Bu kaplamalardan Ti-B2, yüksek sıcaklıklara dayanıklı, yüksek sertliğe ve yüksek aşınma direncine sahip bir kaplamadır. Ancak Ti- B2 kaplama, gevrek bir yapıya sahip olduğundan kırılgandır ve bu nedenle kullanım alanları sınırlıdır. Bunun üstesinden gelmek için TiB2 kaplama, çok tabakalı olarak üretilmektedir. Pek çok araştırmacı tarafından üzerinde çalışılan bir diğer kaplama ise elektriksiz Ni-B kaplamadır. Ni-B kaplamaların, yüzeyde homojen büyüme, düşük maliyet, korozyon direnci ve iyi aşınma direnci gibi özelliklerinden dolayı çok geniş bir kullanım alanına sahip olma potansiyeli vardır. Elektriksiz Ni-B kaplamalar, 400°C ve üzerindeki sıcaklıklarda kristalize olduklarından sertlik değerlerinde artış gözlenmektedir. Bu durum da özellikle aşınma direncinin artmasını sağlamaktadır. Özetle, kullanım alanına ve parçanın maruz kalacağı çevre koşuluna uygun B katkılı bir kaplama tercih edilerek taban malzemenin yüzey özellikleri iyileştirilebilir. Ayrıca, bazı yöntemlerle kaplanmış malzemelere uygun sıcaklıkta ve sürede ısıl işlem uygulandığında daha iyi sonuçlar alınabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yüzey Mühendisliği, Ni-B, Ti-B2, Kaplama, Aşınma

Use of Boron Additive Coatings in Surface Engineering

76 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ABSTRACT

A piece of machinery is often unusable when exposed to external forces or when it cannot tolerate the corrosive atmosphere. Therefore, the choice of materials having a surface that is resistant to corrosion, wear and tear is very important for the relevant engineering application. However, for an engineering practice in which surface properties are important, the use of parts made from a bulk material can be inefficient and / or expensive. Instead, it would be a more economical and practical solution to use a base material that is less expensive and easier to shape, and to coat the base material with a high performance film. In many engineering applications today, most structural materials are not preferred because they do not have sufficient surface properties. In order to overcome this problem surface engineering is utilized and the surface of the material can be made more resistant by being coated by a suitable surface treatment. Among these surface treatments, there are also treatments with boron added coatings. These coatings; Ti-B, Ti- B2, Ni-B, Ni-B-Mo, WBC, Mo-Si-B, Fe-Mn- Mo-BC, Cr-BCN, Ti-BCN, Ni-Cr-B, and Fe-Mn-C- B. From these coatings, Ti-B2 is a coating with high temperature resistance, high hardness and high wear resistance. However, the Ti-B2 coating is fragile because it has a brittle structure and therefore its use is limited. To overcome this, the TiB2 coating is produced as multiphase layers. Another coating that has been studied by many researchers is the electroless Ni-B coating. Ni-B coatings have the potential to have a wide range of applications due to features such as uniform growth on the surface, low cost, corrosion resistance and good wear resistance. Electroless Ni-B coatings crystallize at temperatures of 400°C and above, resulting in an increase in hardness values. This in turn increases the wear resistance in particular. In summary, the surface properties of the base material can be improved by choosing a B-doped coating suitable for the application area and the environmental condition to which the piece will be subjected. In addition, better results will be obtained when heat treatment is applied to the materials coated by some methods at the appropriate temperature and time.

Keywords: Surface Engineering, Ni-B, Ti-B2, Coating, Wear

77 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

MAGNEZYUM VE ALAŞIMLARINA UYGULANAN YÜZEY İŞLEMLERI

Doç. Dr. İlhan ÇELİK* Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü, Gümüşhane, [email protected]

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET

Hafiflik, çoğu mühendislik uygulaması için önemli bir parametredir. Özellikle otomotiv ve havacılık endüstrilerinde kullanılacak parçaların üretileceği malzemenin seçiminde hafiflik, önemli kriterlerin başında yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda magnezyum ve alaşımları, yapısal malzemeler içerisinde en hafifi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Magnezyum; örneğin çelik, titanyum ve alüminyuma kıyasla, sırasıyla %78, %62 ve %36 daha az yoğunluğa sahip bir metaldir. Ayrıca magnezyumun yüksek dayanım/ağırlık oranının yani özgül dayanımının yüksek olması, hafifliğin ön planda olduğu mühendislik uygulamaları için tercih edilebilir olmasını sağlamaktadır. Ancak magnezyumun yüzey özelliklerinin zayıf olması, pek çok uygulama için kullanılabilirliğini kısıtlamaktadır. Özellikle aşınmanın ve korozyonun yoğun olduğu mühendislik uygulamalarında magnezyumun kullanılması çok zorlaşmaktadır. Bu olumsuz durumun üstesinden gelebilmek için yüzey mühendisliğinden yararlanılmaktadır. Magnezyumun yüzey özelliklerini iyileştirmek için mikroark oksidasyon, mikrodalga destekli işlem, magnetron sıçratma, ultrasonik işlem, plazma elektrolitik oksidasyon, plazma spreyleme ve elektriksiz Ni-B gibi pek çok yüzey kaplama işlemi uygulanmaktadır. Uygulanan bu yüzey işlemleri sonrasında magnezyumun yüzeyi sert ve dayanıklı bir yapıya kavuşmaktadır. Özellikle sürtünmenin olduğu uygulamalarda, magnezyumun aşınma direncinde artış sağlanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte magnezyumun yüzeyinde elde edilen kaplama filmi, magnezyumun korozif ortamlardaki direncini artırmaktadır. Böylece zayıf yüzey özellikleri nedeniyle kısıtlı kullanım alanına sahip olan magnezyumun, daha geniş bir yelpazede kullanılabilmesine olanak sağlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Magnezyum, aşınma, korozyon, kaplama

Surface Engineering Methods Applied to Magnesium and Its Alloys

ABSTRACT

Lightness is an important parameter for most engineering applications. Lightness is at the forefront of important criteria, especially in the selection of materials to be used in automotive and aerospace industries. In this context, magnesium and its alloys are the least counterproductive of structural materials. Magnesium; for example, steel, titanium and alumina, respectively, with a density of 78%, 62% and 36% less, respectively. Furthermore, the high strength / weight ratio of

78 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

magnesium, that is to say its high specific strength, allows the lightness to be preferred for preliminary engineering applications. However, the poor surface properties of magnesium limit its usability for many applications. It is very difficult to use magnesium especially in engineering applications where wear and corrosion are intensive. Surface engineering is used to make up for this negative situation. In order to improve the surface properties of magnesium, many surface coating processes such as microwave oxidation, microwave assisted treatment, magnetron sputtering, ultrasonic process, plasma electrolytic oxidation, plasma spraying and electroless Ni- B are applied. After this surface treatment applied, the surface of magnesium becomes hard and durable. Especially in applications where rubbing is applied, the wear resistance of magnesium is increased. However, the coating film obtained at the surface of magnesium enhances the resistance of magnesium in corrosive environments. This makes it possible to use magnesium, which has limited use due to its weak surface properties, in a wider range of applications.

Keywords: Magnesium, Wear, Corrosion, Coating

79 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

İNŞAAT MÜHENDISLIĞI ÖĞRENCILERININ STAJ DÖNEMI MOTIVASYONUNUHERZBERG’ IN ÇIFT FAKTÖRLER TEORISINE GÖRE DEĞERLENDIRILMESI

Melike Konur* İnşaat Mühendisi, Diyarbakır

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ercan Işık Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği, Bitlis

Arş. Gör. Veda Seven Biçen Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Mimarlık, Bitlis, ÖZET Öğrencilerin mesleğine ve bölümüne adapte olabilmesi için yapılan staj uygulamaları ülkemizde zorunlu hale getirilmiştir. İnşaat mühendisliği öğrencilerinin saha ve büro olmak üzere iki ayrı zorunlu staj uygulaması bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Herzbergin çift faktörler teorisini açıklanarak, motivasyonun staj sürecindeki ve sonrasındaki etkileri ve sonuçları incelenmektedir. İnşaat mühendisliği öğrencilerinin staj döneminde edindikleri motivasyonun, eğitim sürecindeki olumlu/olumsuz yansımaları ve süreç sonundaki alan seçimi belirlenmesi üzerine etkileri, Herzbergin çift faktörler teorisine göre değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada alan yöntemi kullanılarak; Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören inşaat mühendisliği öğrencileri üzerinde anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilerek öneriler yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İnşaat Mühendisliği, öğrenci, staj, Herzberg’in Teorisi

Evaluation of the Internship Period Motivation of Civil Engineering Students Using Herzberg's Double Factors Theory

ABSTRACT Internship applications are made compulsory in our country so that students can be admitted to the profession and the department. There are two compulsory internship applications for civil engineering students as field and office. In this study, Herzberg double factor theory is explained and the effects and results of motivation during and after internship are examined. The motivations of civil engineering students during the internship period, the positive / negative reflections in the training process and the effects on the selection of the area selection at the end of the process have been tried to be evaluated according to the Herzberg’s double factor theory. Using field method in study; civil engineering students in Bitlis Eren University were surveyed. The findings were evaluated and suggestions made.

Keywords: Civil engineer, student, internship, Herzberg’s theory

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

REFERANSLAR 1] Bila M., (2006) Elektrik Bölümü Öğrencilerinin İşletmelerde Yaptıkları Yaz Stajının Yararlılık Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi Yeditepe Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi

[2] Aydoğan Z.F., (2002) Büro Yönetimi Ön Lisans Programlarında Staj Eğitiminin Önemi, Gazi Üniversitesi ,Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara

[3] Hitt, Michael A R. Denis Middlemist And Robert L. Mathis (1989). Management Concepts And Effective Practice, Third Edition, West Publishing Company, San Francisco

[4] Cüceloğlu D. (2006) İnsan Ve Davranışları Remzi Kitabevi sf.229

[5] Maslow, A.H., (1954) Motivation And Personality, Harper New York. Aktaran: “İşletme Örgütleri Açısından Yönetim Psikolojisi” Aktaran E. Eren Dizgi Ve Baskı Met/Er Matbaası İstanbul 1979 S.3

[6] Hampton,D.R.(1972). Behavıoral Concepts İn Managment .Usa: Diekenson Puplishing Comp., Ine. Aktaran: Yasemin, Hülya, Filiz “Ögretim Elemanlarının İş Doyvmlarını Etkileyen Faktörlere İlişkin Görüşleri”S.12

[7] Ricky W. Griffin (1989) Organizational Behavior sf.116

[8] Dizgi E.E. (1979) İşletme Örgütleri Açısından Yönetim Psikolojisi, Baskı Met/Er Matbaası İstanbul sf.31

[9] Tosi L., Rizzo J.R. ve Carroll S.J. (1990) Managing Organizational Behavior sf.275

[10] Keser A., (2014) Çalışma Psikolojisi ,Ekin Basım Yayım Dağıtım, 4.Cilt, sf .107-111

[11] Güzel F.G., (2010) Turizm Öğrencilerinin Staj Döneminde Edindikleri Motivasyonun Herzberg Teorisine Göre Değerlendirilmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma, Journal Of Yaşar University, sf. 3415-3429

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

KENTSEL YAPI STOKU IÇIN HIZLI DEĞERLENDIRME YÖNTEMLERININ KULLANILMASI ÜZERINE BIR ÇALIŞMA

Melike Konur* İnşaat Mühendisliği,Diyarbakır

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ercan Işık Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği,

Arş. Gör. Veda Seven Biçen Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Mimarlık, Bitlis

ÖZET Yapıların risk değerlendirilmesi için farklı yöntemler bulunmaktadır. Bu yöntemler ile çok olan yapı stokunda detaylı incelenecek binaların önceliğine karar verilebilmektedir. Çalışmada iki farklı hızlı değerlendirme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Kanada Sismik Tarama yöntemi ile Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı tarafından oluşturulan Birinci Aşama Değerlendirme Yöntemi seçilmiştir. Her iki yöntemde de sokaktan ve kısmen bina içerisine girilerek bir takım bilgiler yardımı ile binalar için risk önceliği hesaplanabilmektedir. Çalışma alanı olarak Diyarbakır ilinin Ofis semtinde yer alan yirmi adet betonarme bina seçilmiştir. Tüm binalar her iki yönteme göre değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlanarak öneriler getirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ile binaların sadece risk öncelikleri belirlenmiştir. Binalar ile ilgili kesin kararlar ancak detaylı analizler sonucu elde edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyarbakır, Hızlı değerlendirme, Birinci aşama, Kanada Sismik

A Study on the Usage of Rapid Assessment Methods for Urban Building Stock

ABSTRACT

There are different methods for risk assessment of the structures. With these methods, the priority of the buildings to be examined in detail can be decided. Two different rapid assessment methods were used in the study. The Canadian Seismic Survey method and First Stage Assessment Method established by the Ministry of Environment and Urban Development was selected. In both methods, the risk priority can be calculated for the buildings with the help of some information by entering the building from the street and partly inside the building. Twenty reinforced concrete buildings located in the Ofis area of Diyarbakır province were selected as the study area. All buildings were evaluated according to both methods. The results obtained were interpreted and suggested. Only the risk priorities of the buildings were determined with the results obtained. Final decisions about buildings should be made only after detailed analysis.

82 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Keywords: Ofis, Rapid assessment, First stage, Canadian Seismic Survey

REFERANSLAR

[1] Bal İ. E. (2005) Deprem Etkisindeki Betonarme Binaların Göçme Riskinin Hızlı Değerlendirme Yöntemleri ile Belirlenmesi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi [2] Ergün M. (2007) Binaların Deprem Performanslarının Belirlenmesinde Japon Sismik İndeks Yöntemi Ile Doğrusal Olmayan Artımsal İtme Analizi Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırılması, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi [3] Işık E. (2015) Hasarlı Bir Betonarme Binanın Performans Puanın Hesaplanması, IAAOJ Scientific Science, 3(2), 47-52 [4] Bal İ.E., Tezcan S.S., Gülay F.G. (2007) Betonarme Binaların Göçme Riskinin Belirlenmesi İçin P25 Hızlı Değerlendirme Yöntemi, Altıncı Ulusal Deprem Mühendisliği Konferansı [5] Işık E., Tozlu Z., (2015) Farklı Değişkenler Kullanılarak Yapı Performans Puanın Hesaplanması, Beü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 161-172, [6] Çevre Şehircilik Bakanlığı (2013) Riskli Yapıların Tespit Edilmesine İlişkin Esaslar [7] Ünal A. (2012). TDY 2007’ye Göre Tasarlanmamış Betonarme Çerçevelerin Düzlem Dişi Perde Duvarla Güçlendirilmesi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi [8] Işık E., Özdemir M., Kutanis M., (2016). Farklı Zemin Kat Yüksekliklerinin Yapı Performansına Etkisi. DÜMF Mühendislik Dergisi, 7(3), 445-454. [9] Tezcan S.,Yazıcı A., Özdemir Z., Erkal A., (2007). Zayıf Kat- Yumuşak Kat Düzensizliği. Altıncı Ulusal Deprem Mühendisliği Konferansı, İstanbul, 339-350. [10] Isik, E. (2016). Consistency of the Rapid Assessment Method for Reinforced-Concrete Buildings. Earthquakes and Structures, 11(5), 873-885. [11] NRRC ( National Research Council of Canada). (1993). Manual for Screening of Buildings for Seismic Investigation. Canadian Standard. Ottowa: National Research Council of Canada. [12] Işık E., (2015). Investigation of an Existing RC Building with Different Rapid Assessment Methods. Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2). 71- 74. [13] Kaminosono, T. (1992). Evaluation method for seismic capacity of existing reinforced concrete buildings in Japan. In Memoria (pp. 44-53). México. Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastes (CENAPRED); Japón. Agencia de Cooperación Internacional (JICA); NU. Centro para el Desarrollo Regional (UNCRD). [14] Okada, T. (1999). Needs to Evaluate Real Seismic Performance of Buildings-Lessons from the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake. INCEDE Report, 15, 225-31. [15] Çelik CO., İlki A., Yalçın C. Yüksel E. (2007), Doğu ve Batı Avrupa Kentlerinde değişik tip Binaların Deprem Riskinin Hızlı Değerlendirmesi Üzerine bir Deneyim. Sixth National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey, October. [16] Karaşin İB., Işık E., (2016), Kanada Sismik Tarama Yöntemiyle Yığma Yapı Stokunun Değerlendirilmesi; Bitlis Örneği, 1st International Mediterranean Science and Engineering Congress, 439-444. [17] Rainer J. H., Allen D. E., Jablonski A. M. (1993), Manual For Screening of Buildings for Seismic Investigation, NRC Publications Archive Archives Des Publications Du Cnrc

83 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

BETONARME PERDE KONUM DEĞIŞIKLIĞININ YAPI DEPREM DAVRANIŞINA ETKISI

Melike Konur* İnşaat Mühendisi, Diyarbakır,

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ercan Işık Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği, Bitlis

Arş. Gör. Veda Seven Biçen Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Mimarlık, Bitlis,

ÖZET Betonarme olarak inşa edilen yapılarda betonarme perdelerin kullanılması depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarımı açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Kullanılacak olan betonarme perdeler deprem yüklerinin karşılanması açısından yapının savunma mekanizmasını arttırmaktadır. Yapı ile ilgili yönetmeliklere uygun inşa edilmiş betonarme perdeler ile oluşabilecek hasarlar en aza indirgenebilecektir. Ancak bazı durumlarda mimari sebeplerden dolayı bu elemanların konumları değişebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada örnek olarak seçilen betonarme perdelerin geometrik konumları değiştirilerek yapının deprem etkisi altındaki davranışı incelenmiştir. Perde konumunun önemi vurgulanmaya çalışılmıştır. Yapıda kullanılacak olan betonarme perdelerin simetrik ve rijit dağılması önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada seçilen iki farklı model için kolon ve perdelerin kesme kuvvetleri ile hasar durumları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca konum değişikliğinin yapının burulma düzensizliğine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Betonarme perdelerin konumun doğru seçilmesi yapı savunma mekanizmasını doğrudan etkilemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Betonarme perde, kesme kuvveti, A1 düzensizliği, hasar durumu

EFFECT OF GEOMETRIC LOCATION CHANGING OF RC SHEAR WALLS ON EARTHQUAKE BEHAVIOUR OF BUILDING

ABSTRACT In buildings constructed as reinforced concrete, the use of reinforced concrete walls has an important place in terms of the design of the earthquake resistant construction design. The reinforced concrete walls to be used increase the defensive mechanism in terms of enduring the earthquake loads. Damage that may occur may be reduced to the minimum by using reinforced concrete walls built in accordance with the regulations of the building. However, in some cases the location of these elements can change due to architectural reasons. In this study, the behaviors of the reinforced concrete walls under the effect of earthquake were investigated by changing the geometrical positions of the selected reinforced concrete walls. It was tried to emphasize the

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

importance of the shear walls’ position. The symmetrical and rigid distribution of the reinforced concrete walls to be used in the construction is important. For two different models selected in the study, the shear forces of the columns and walls and the damage cases were determined. The study also investigated the effect of the position change on twisting irregularity. The correct selection of the position of the reinforced concrete walls directly affects the structure defense mechanism.

Keywords: Reinforced-concrete shear walls, shear, A1 irregularity, damage status

REFERANSLAR [1] Aktan S, Kıraç N. (2009). Betonarme Binalarda Perdelerin Davranişa Etkileri, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 15-32 [2] Öztürk T. (2005). Betonarme Binalarda Deprem Perdelerinin Yerleşimi ve Tasarımı, İMO, İstanbul Şubesi 2005 İlkbahar-Yaz Dönemi Meslek içi Eğitim Kurslari [3] Yılmaz MB. (2014). Perde-Çerçeve Betonarme Sistemlerde Deprem Etkisi Altında Doğrusal Olmayan Davranışın İncelenmesi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi. [4] Ersoy U. (2013). Depreme Dayanıklı Betonarme Binaların Ön Tasarımı için Basit Bir Yöntem, İMO Teknik Dergi, 24(119), 6559-6574 [5] İdemen A.E. (2003). Bina Ağırlık Merkezi- Rijitlik Merkezi İlişkisini Mimari Tasarım Aşamasında Kuran Bir Uzman Sistem, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. [6] Aydın AC. Bayrak B. (2017). Betonarme Kirişlerin Deneysel ve Teorik Burulma Momenti Değerlerinin Karşılaştırılması, SAÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(5), 899-906 [7] Döndüren MS. Karaduman A. Çöğürcü MT. Altın M. (2007). Yapılarda Burulma Düzensizliği, Selçuk Üniversitesi Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu, Teknik -Online Dergi, 6(1), 42-52 [8] Ünal A. (2012). TDY 2007’ye göre Tasarlanmamış Betonarme Çerçevelerin Düzlem Dişi Perde Duvarla Güçlendirilmesi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi [9] Selçuk SA. Erakan A. (2005). Mimari Tasarımın Deprem Dayanımına Etkisi: Antalya Ted Koleji’nin Deprem Yönetmeliğine Göre İncelenmesi, Antalya Yöresinin İnşaat Sorunları Kongresi, Antalya, 22-24 Eylül 2005 [10] Sancaklı GB., Tekeli H. Demir F. (2015). Betonarme Binalardaki Perde Duvar Miktarının Bina Performansına Etkisi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 157-167. [11] Celep Z. (2007). Betonarme Sistemlerde Doğrusal Olmayan Davranış: Plastik Mafsal Kabulü ve Çözümleme, Altıncı Ulusal Deprem Mühendisliği Konferansı, 167-180. [12] DBYYHY 2007. Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak Binalar Hakkında Yönetmelik, Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlığı (mülga), Ankara.

85 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

SÜLEYMANİYE KÜTÜPHANESİNDEKİ EL YAZMA KİTAPLARDA ORTAM ŞARTLARININ MANTAR GELİŞİMİNE ETKİLERİNİN DENSEYSEL İNCELENMESİ

Prof. Dr. İsmail EKMEKCI* İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, End.Müh., İstanbul

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Kültür tarihinin birinci elden ve milli kültür mirasımızın kaynaklarından olan el yazmaları, nadir eserler ve arşiv vesikaları, bilim adamlarının ve araştırmacıların çalışmalarına ışık tutan en değerli kültür varlıklarıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise, Süleymaniye el yazma eserler kütüphanesindeki bu değerlerin korunmasına katkıda bulunmak için, kitapların bulunduğu ortamın sıcaklık ve nem değerlerinin bu kıymetli ve nadir eserler üzerindeki etkilerinin ve bu değerlerin kitaplar üzerinde mantar oluşumuna etkilerinin mikroskobik olarak incelenmesidir. Sıcaklık ve nem değerlerindeki değişimlerin kütüphanedeki eserler üzerinde verdiği hasarlar biyolojik, mekanik ve kimyasal etkiler olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sıcaklık ve nem ortamda canlıların yaşaması için elverişli şartların oluşmasında esas faktörlerdendir. Bu canlılar arasında mantarlar en önemlisini teşkil eder.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Psikometrik Şartlar, Antik Eski Eserler, Kağıt Üzerinde Mantar Gelişimi AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE GROWTH OF MOLD IN MANUSCRIPT BOOKS OF SULEYMANIYE LIBRARY

ABSTRACT Manuscripts, unique historical books, archival documents which are the primary sources of our national heritage and our most precious cultural assets shed light on the researches of scientist and researchers. And the aim of this study is to analyse the influence of temperature, humidity and mold over the cultural works in Süleymaniye library of manuscripts in order to protect these cultural assets. Deteriorations caused by temperature and humidity occur with biological, mechanical and chemical effects. Temperature and humidity is vital factor for growth of micro organisms. Especially the mold are the most important organisms amongst them.

Keywords: Commercial Buildings, CBECS, Energy Consumption, Survey, Energy Efficiency

86 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

CBECS VERI TABANI VE TÜRKIYE ILE KARŞILAŞTIRMA / CBECS DATABASE AND COMPARISION WİTH TURKEY

Prof. Dr. İsmail EKMEKCI* İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, End.Müh., İstanbul

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Bu çalışmada Ticari Binalar Enerji Tüketimi Anket Çalışması (CBECS) hakkında bilgi verilmekte ve buna benzer olarak Türkiyedeki çalışmalar ile karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. CBECS veri tabanı çalışmasına Amerikada yeni ve kullanımda olan büyük çaplı veya ticari binalardaki enerji kullanım değerlerini izlemek ve enerji verimliliği konusunda bir araç geliştirmek üzere başlanmıştır. Binalarda enerji verimliliği çalışmaları yükselen enerji maliyetlerine ve iklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Büyük kullanım alanlarına sahip olan yeni ticari binalarda enerji verimliliği konusundaki iyileştirmeler binanın enerji maliyetlerini, işletme maliyetlerini ve karbon ayak izi değerini düşürmek için en kolay yoldur. Amerikada ofis binalarının da enerji kullanımının düşürülmesi gerektiği bu çalışmalarda ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna benzer veri tabanı çalışmaları benchmarking yani karşılaştırma yapabilme açısından öenm kazanmakta ve ilgili lişi ve kurumlara yol gösterebilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ticari Binalar, CBECS, Enerji Tüketimi, Anket, Enerji Verimliliği

ABSTRACT This study is about Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) benchmarking database consept, its applications and in Turkey related applications. CBECS is useful for energy efficiency in new and also old commercial building constructions, which is a key target to control and lower U.S. nation-wide energy use. Building energy efficiency has come to the forefront of political debates due to high energy prices and climate change concerns. Improving energy efficiency in new commercial buildings is one of the easiest and lowest cost options to decrease a building’s energy use, owner operating costs, and carbon footprint. Office buildings must be improved to make major gains in reducing U.S. building energy use. Energy benchmarking offers initial building energy performance assessment without rigorous evaluation. ‘‘Seeing’’ that building energy use is excessive, is the first step to change. Energy benchmarks based on the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) are investigated in support of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Partnerships program.

Keywords: Commercial Buildings, CBECS, Energy Consumption, Survey, Energy Efficiency

87 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ON SOME VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEMS WITH RANDOM DEMAND

Research Assistant, Melis Alpaslan Takan* Eskisehir Teknik University, Industrial Engineering, Eskisehir

Prof.Dr. Çerkez Ağayeva Mus Alparslan University, Economy, Mus

ABSTRACT In this paper, classical vehicle routing problem is studied. Vehicle routing problem is one of the most important combinatorial optimization problem in the literature. In the classical vehicle routing problem model, the demand amount of the customers are known but in this case, stochastic demand is analyzed which is important for the real life cases. Because, parameters of the problem may not always be deterministic. Therefore, three types of stochastic distributions are analyzed. First one is the uniform distribution, second one is the exponential distribution and the third one is poisson distibution. These three methods are compared with each other by GAMS software on different test problems. The objective of the problem is minimizing the total cost of the total travelled distance. This work is important for the real life cases in the vehicle routing problem.

Keywords: Vehicle routing problem, Stochastic demand, Distributions, GAMS

88 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

CONDITION OF OPTIMALITY FOR STOCHASTIC SWITCHING LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH VARIABLE TIME DELAY ON STATE

Prof. Dr. Çerkez Ağayeva * Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi, İktisat Bölümü, Muş Institute of Control Systems, ANAS, Baku

Res.Asst. Melis Alpaslan Takan Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi, Eskişehir

ABSTRACT

This study concentrates on the optimal control problem for stochastic switching systems with variable delay. The linear regulator problem for controlled system governed by a set of stochastic linear differential equations with variable delay is examined. Optimal control problem for above mentioned systems with quadratic cost function is investigated. Necessary and sufficient condition of optimality is obtained. The optimal control is shown to be a feedback control. And also the transversality conditions at switching points are established.

Keywords: Stochastic differential equation, variable delay, condition of optimality, switching linear system, Riccati equation

89 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A TABLETOP PRESS ACTUATED WITH THE PNEUMATIC ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES

Assoc.Prof.Dr. Akın Oğuz KAPTI* Sakarya University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sakarya

İlker ATAKUL Sakarya University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sakarya

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT This study aims to contribute to the awareness and widespread use of pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) which have a limited range of applications despite their advantages. The design and manufacturing studies of a table-top press actuated with PAMs have been carried out to achieve this goal. Three PAMs, one MAS-40-650 to provide the main pressing force, and two MAS-10-200 to bring back the press to the neutral position, were used. The force density of this press is higher than normal table type pneumatic presses. The pressing force of 12 kN was obtained by using only one PAM having a diameter of 40 mm at the air pressure of 6 bar. This value is considered to be sufficient for thin sheet metal cutting and punching molds.

Keywords: Pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM); Press design; Cam geometry; Pressing force.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ALIFARKLI MAYA BILEŞIKLERININ SALMONELLA ILE ENFEKTE ETLIK PILIÇLERDE 14 GÜNLÜK YAŞTA PERFORMANS VE SEKUM MIKROFLORASI ÜZERINE ETKILERI

Dr. Burcu Ekim Gazi University Life Sciences Research and Application Center 06830 Ankara, Turkey

Doç.Dr. Özge Sızmaz Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, 06110 Ankara, Turkey,

Prof.Dr. Alev Gürol Bayraktaroğlu Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology, 06110 Ankara, Turkey,

Dr. Serdar Sızmaz Integro Gıda San.Tic.AŞ

Dr. Esra Gündüzer Gazi University Life Sciences Research and Application Center 06830 Ankara, Turkey

Prof.Dr. Pınar Saçaklı Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, 06110 Ankara, Turkey,

Amaç: Bu çalışmada farklı maya ürünlerinin Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ile enfekte edilen broyler civcivlerde performans ve sekum mikroflorası üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Toplam 240 adet 1 günlük yaşta erkek broyler civcivler (Ross 308) 5 farklı deneme grubuna ayrılmıştır. Her bir deneme grubu 12 adet civciv içeren 4 alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Birinci gruptaki civcivlerin (Kontrol grubu) yemlerine herhangi bir maya ürünü ilave edilmemiş mısır- soya temelli rasyonla beslenmişlerdir. 2. Grup: rasyonlarına %1.15; 3. Grup: rasyonuna % 0.565 düzeylerinde otolize edilmiş tam maya hücresi (Intewal) ilavesi yapılmıştır. 4.Grup rasyonuna %0.565 düzeyinde MOS ve β-glukan bağları enzimatik reaksiyonla koparılmış otolize maya hücresi (Intecell); 5. Grup rasyonuna ise %0.2 düzeyinde saf MOS+ β -glukan ilavesi yapılmıştır. Böylece kontrol dışındaki tüm deneme gruplarının rasyonları %0.1 düzeyinde β- glukan olacak

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şekilde ayarlanmıştır. Civcivler 7 günlük yaşta oral gavaj yoluyla 1 ml 3x108 cfu/ml Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ile enfekte edilmişlerdir. Ondört günlük yaşta (enfeksiyonun 7. gününde) her deneme grubundan 2 adet civcivden sekum içeriği aseptik şartlar ile alınarak DNA izolasyonu sonrasında real time PCR analizi ile Salmonella spp miktarları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular ve Sonuç: Aynı dönemde gruplar arasında performans parametreleri (canlı ağırlık, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı) belirlenmiş ve gruplar arasında önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Real-time PCR analizleri sonucunda Salmonella spp. miktarları açısından gruplar arasında farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Broiler, Cecal Microflora, Yeast, Salmonella

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT YEAST COMPOUNDS ON PERFORMANCE AND CECAL MICROFLORA AT 14 DAYS OF AGE CHALLENGED WITH SALMONELLA INFECTION IN BROILER CHICKS

Abstract Aim: In this study, the effects of different yeast products on performance and microflora of broiler chickens infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were investigated. Method: A total of 240 1 day old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were divided into 5 different experimental groups. Each experimental group was divided into 4 subgroups with 12 chicks. The chicks in the first group (control group) were fed with maize-soy based ration which had not added any yeast product to their feed. Group 2: 1.15% of autolized whole yeast cells (Intewal) were added to rations; Group 3: 0.565% of autolized whole yeast cells (Intewal) were added to the ration. 4. The autolyzed yeast cell (Intecell) with 0.565% MOS and β-glucan linkages cleaved by enzymatic reaction in group ration; For the 5th group ration, 0.2% pure MOS + β-glucan was added. Thus, the ratios of all the experimental groups outside the control were set to be 0.1% β-glucan. The chicks were infected with 1 ml 3x108 cfu/ml Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium via oral gavage at 7 days of age. In fourteen-day-olds (7th day of infection), the cecal content of two chicks

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from each experiment group were taken under aseptic conditions and after DNA isolation the cecal contents from each group were compared Salmonella spp by real time PCR analysis. Results: Performance parameters (live weight, feed consumption and feed conversion rate) were determined among the groups and significant differences were found between the groups. As a result of real-time PCR analysis, there were differences among the groups in terms of amounts of Salmonella spp.. Keywords: Broiler, Cecal Microflora, Yeast, Salmonella

REFERANSLAR 1. Shao Y, Guo Y, Wang Z. (2013). β-1,3/1,6-Glucan alleviated intestinal mucosal barrier impairment of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Poult Sci. 92(7), 1764-73. 2. Bjerrum L, Engberg RM, Leser TD, Jensen BB, Finster K, Pedersen K. (2006) Microbial community composition of the ileum and cecum of broiler chickens as revealed by molecular and culture-based techniques. Poult Sci. 85(7), 1151-64. 3. Mountzouris KC, Tsitrsikos P, Palamidi I, Arvaniti A, Mohnl M, Schatzmayr G, Fegeros K. (2010). Effects of probiotic inclusion levels in broiler nutrition on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma immunoglobulins, and cecal microflora composition. Poult Sci, 89(1),58-67.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

THE ROLE OF GLUTAMINE ON GUT INEGRITY İN BROILERS

Prof. Dr. Pinar Sacakli Ankara University Veterinary Faculty Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Ankara, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Ozge Sızmaz* 1Ankara University Veterinary Faculty Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Ankara, Turkey

*Corresponding Author: Assoc. Prof. Ozge SIZMAZ

ABSTRACT

A healthy gut is essential for optimal nutrient absorption and bird performance and welfare. Gut is not only digestive organ but also the biggest immunologic organ in the body. Enterocites lining in the gastrointestinal tract are the fast regenerating cells in the body. Thus, accounts for 20% of body energy expenditure. Today, gut health is a major topic for research in broiler after banning of antibiotic growth promoters. Really, the gastrointestinal tract serves a key functional role in the growth of the bird. Anything that affects the gut health of broilers will undoubtedly influence the animal health and consequently performance. Glutamine is responsible for mucin synthesis and preservation of the mucous membrane structure, which provides a maturity and integrity of the intestinal flora, as well as a barrier to bacterial attacks. Several studies have shown that glutamine increases gastrointestinal mucosal resistance, promotes muscle growth and endurance, supports the immune system, increases the amount and activity of sucrose in the gut, increases the thickness of the muscle layer in the jejunum and intestinal protein concentration.

REFERENCES

1. Alper J 2002. Stretching the Limits Science 19 Jul 2002: Vol. 297, Issue 5580, 329-331 Galli, G.M., Da Silva, A.S., Bottari, N.B. et al. 2018. Addition of yucca extract and glutamine in the diet of chicks had a protective effect against coccidiosis. Comperative Clinical Pathology, 27: 205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-017-2579-z

2. Nascimento, K.M.R.S., Kiefer, C,; Mauad, J.R.C., Paiva, L.L., Berno, P.R., Marçal, D.A. and Freitas, H.B. 2017. Glutamine supplementation plans for broilers reared in high- temperature environments. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 46(3):218-222.

3. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mediators of Inflammation Volume 2007, Article ID 45673, 10 pages doi:10.1155/2007/45673 Research Article Anti-Inflammatory Effects of

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Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein Inhibit STAT-1 and NF-κB Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit only NF-κB Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production in Activated Macrophages Mari Ham¨ al¨ ainen, ¨ 1 Riina Nieminen,1 Pia Vuorela,2 Marina Heinonen,3 and Eeva Moilanen1

4. Jesmine Khan MBBS Yasuhiko Iiboshi, Li Cui Masafumi Wasa, Kinya Sando Yoji Takagi Akira Okada 1999.Alanyl‐Glutamine‐Supplemented Parenteral Nutrition Increases Luminal Mucus Gel and Decreases Permeability in the Rat Small Intestine J paranteral and enteral nutrition, 23(1).

5. G. F. Yi , J. A. Carroll, G. L. Allee , A. M. Gaines, D. C. Kendall, J. L. Usry, Y. Toride, and S. Izuru 2005. Effect of glutamine and spray-dried plasma on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and immune responses of Escherichia coli K88+-challenged weaned pigs J. Anim. Sci. 83:634–643

6. Francis J. Andrews and Richard D Griffiths 2002. Glutamine: essential for immune nutrition in the critically ill. British Journal of Nutrition , 87, Suppl. 1, S3–S8

7. Cynober,L. A.1999. Glutamine metabolism in stressed patients (abstract). Page 5 in Proc. Int. Congr. Amino Acids (Germany). Springer-Verlag, Vienna, Austria.

8. Newsholme P. Why is L-glutamine metabolism important to cells of the immune system in health, postinjury, surgery or infection? J Nutr 131: 2515S–2522S, 2001.

9. Calder, P. C. & Yaqoob, P. (1999) Glutamine and the immune system. Amino Acids 17: 227–241.

10. Colker, C. Effects of supplemental protein on body composition and muscular strength in healthy athletic male adults. Curr. Ther. Res. 61:19–28. 2000.

11. Grimm H, Kraus A (2001) Immunonutrition-supplementary amino acids and fatty acids ameliorate immune deficiency in critically ill patients. Arch Surg 386:369–376

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RELATIONSHIPS ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE WITH MEALWORM USED IN POULTRY NUTRITION

Assoc. Prof. Ozge Sızmaz*, 1Ankara University Veterinary Faculty Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Ankara, Turkey Prof. Dr. Pinar Sacakli 1Ankara University Veterinary Faculty Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Ankara, Turkey

*Corresponding Author: Assoc. Prof. Ozge SIZMAZ

ABSTRACT

Recently, edible insects are being discussed as an alternative protein source with high protein, fat and mineral contents for animal nutrition, because of increasing price and being dependent on foreign countries have driven the search for alternative protein sources such as soy bean in particular in some devoloping countries. Nutrient contents of the insects vary depending on species, life stage, production conditions. Generally they have 40-60% protein, 10-50% fat content1;2;3. There is huge interest for using of insects as an alternative protein sources for poultry nutrition. Although, insects are generally have focused on insect protein as soybean meal or fish meal substitution, in recent years, their utility as an alternative to antibiotics and their effects on immune response and intestinal histomorphology are being investigated. Antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocyne are small biological molecules (<10 kDa) with a broad-spectrum of activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and some viruses4. Much attention has been devoted to AMPs recently, called natural antibiotics. Antimicrobial activity have also been extracted from the mealworm that are active against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus pyrogen, Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae but also against fungi that are important in poultry5. According to the report of a study6. AMPs are released from haemocytes which are secrete that protein and peptides into the haemolymph of insects such as mealworm where they diffuse to infection area and attack of cell wall. The most commonly known AMPs are, for example, microcyne, colicyne and lantibiotics. Inhibition of Salmonellae species by these microcynes, in particular, is increasing its importance in poultry. One of the best remedy for the alternatives to antibiotics is insect antimicrobial peptides. If we think that the mechanisms of action are changed and conserved according to the evolutionary process, we can say that insect’s peptides will be effective against bacteria. References [1]Bovera, F., R. Loponte, S. Marono, G. Piccolo, G. Parisi, V. Iaconisi, L. Gasco, and A. Nizza. (2016). Use of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal as protein source in broiler diet: effect on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and carcass and meat traits. J. Anim. Sci. 94:639–647.

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[2]De Marco, M., et al. (2015) Nutritional value of two insect larval meals (Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens) for broiler chickens: Apparent nutrient digestibility, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. [3]Ernesto avıla gonza´ lez, Alma rocha herna´ ndez, and Jose´ manuel pıno (2002). Use of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to Recycle Organic Wastes and as Feed for Broiler Chickens julıeta ramos-elorduy, J. Econ. Entomol. 95(1): 214-220. [4]Lai Y., Gallo R.L.(2016). AMPed up immunity: How antimicrobial peptides have multiple roles in immune defense. Trends Immunol. 30:131–141. [5] Damian Józefiak, Agata Józefiak, Bartosz Kierończyk, Mateusz Rawski1 Sylwester Świątkiewicz, Jakub Długosz, Ricarda Margarete Engberg (2016). Insects – a natural nutrient source for poultry – a review Ann. Anim. Sci., Vol. 16, No. 2, 297–313. [6] David B, Lisa M, Joanne K, Martin C, Kevin K (2006). Pre-exposure to yeast protects larvae of Galleria mellonella from a subsequent lethal infection by Candida albicans and is mediated by the increased expression of antimicrobialpeptides Microbes and Infection 8 (8), 2105- 2112.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ÇOCUKLARDA SEMPTOM ANKETI KULLANILARAK MAKINA ÖĞRENME ALGORITMALARI ILE ASD TESPITI

Dr., Mehmet Emin Tenekeci* Harran Üniversitesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği, Şanlıurfa

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Otizm, doğum ve çocukluk döneminde başlayan nöral gelişimde meydana gelen düzensizlikler ile gelişimde meydana gelen gecikmeler ile belirlenmektedir. Sosyal iletişim ve etkileşimdeki bozukluklar, sürekli tekrar eden hareketler, rutin davranışlar ve senkron hareketler gibi semptomlar ile tespit edilmektedir. Erken tanı tedavi şansını arttırmak olduğu için oldukça önemlidir. Otistik bozukluklarının semptomları doğumundan sonra görülebilmesine rağmen; otizm tanısı 3 yaşından sonra belirlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada ASD'nin erken yaşta belirlenmesi, çocukların velileri tarafından doldurulan anket verilerinden, makine öğrenme algoritmaları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulanan ankette ASD' nin semptomlarının belirlemek için 20 adet soru bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada sınıflandırma yöntemi olarak Naïve Bayes, Çok katmanlı Perseptron ve Destek Vektör Makinaları kullanılmıştır. Sonuçların karşılaştırılması için iki farklı yöntem uygulanmıştır. veri setinin test ve eğitim olarak ikiye ayrılması ve çapraz doğrulama yöntemler uygulanmıştır. Çapraz doğrulama yöntemi ile veri setinin bölünmesinden daha yüksek sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Çapraz doğrulama ile %98.63 ve veri setinin bölünmesi ile %97.72 ile en başarılı sonuçlar Çok katmanlı Perseptron ile elde edilmiştir. Ancak bu değerlere yakın sonuçlar alınan Naïve Bayes çok daha kısa sürede eğitim ve sınıflandırma gerçekleştirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu; Makine Öğrenme Algoritmaları; Sınıflandırma; Çarpaz Doğrulama

Detection of ASD Using Machine Learning Algorithm in Children Based On Symptoms Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Autism, which is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts in infancy and childhood, is recognized by the delay in development. Disorders in social communication and interaction, repetitive behaviors and life routines, stereotyped movements are determined as autism symptoms. Early diagnosis is very important because it increases the chance of treatment. Although the symptoms of autistic disorders can be seen after birth; Autism is diagnosed after 3 years old. In this study, early detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) was carried out by machine learning algorithms, from surveys filled by the parents of children. There are 20 questions in the questionnaire to determine the symptoms of ASD. In the study, Naïve Bayes, Multi Layer

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Perceptron and Support Vector Machine were used as the classification method. Two different methods, that data set was divided into two as test and training (70% - 30%) and cross validation, have been applied to compare the results. The results are higher than the data set divided by the cross validation method. The most successful results were obtained with Multi Layer Perceptron with 98.63% with cross validation and 97.72% with data set division. However, Naïve Bayes, whose results are close to those values, perform training and classification in a much shorter period. The study showed that machine learning algorithms could be used effectively in the automatic diagnosis of ASD using symptoms obtained by questionnaire.

Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Machine Learning Algorithm; Classification; Cross Validation

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

THE EFFECTS OF MANAGERIAL ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS UPON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE EMPLOYEE: BINGOL BANKING SAMPLE

Researcher Sadık Varolgüneş Bingöl University, Civil Engineering Department, Bingöl

Assoc. Prof. Abdulvahap Baydaş Düzce University, Business Administration Department, Düzce

Lecturer Semra Çamuka Bingöl University, Informatics Department, Bingöl

ABSTRACT One of the most important elements in increasing corporate productivity in a highly competitive environment is the creation of a working environment based on mutual trust and solidarity of the managers of the company and the employees. In terms of employees’ perceptions, while determining the level of interaction between managers and employees, it is vital that the managers support and give a hand to the employee for the continuity of the business. This study focuses on motivating the employees and directing them to the corporate objectives. In this research, the effect of institution and business performance of employees and managers in private and public sector in Bingöl province was studied. In this context, all employees in the banks were included in the research. A total of 168 people were selected from the main target group and interviewed via face-to-face interview technique. The effects of working environment, colleagues, managers' attitudes and behaviors on job satisfaction were analyzed by various statistical methods. The most important issues that emerged from the research are as follows: the managers’ creating job-related scenarios to increase the learning process, assisting the employee to see the whole picture, changing their point of view and supporting friendly and participatory management together with the employee were claimed as the most important elements. Besides, the followings were listed as the most important personal motivation statements for motivating employees: career planning, rewarding employees and the job carried out having a specific purpose. The employees acting, performing demonstration for the customer and the employees’ behaving fake while dealing with the customer was declared as not important factors in personal development. Keywords: Managerial Attitude and Behavior, Employee Performance, Bingöl Bank Sample

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

BRAND REQUIREMENT IN GLOBAL COMPETITION CONTEXT: RESEARCH OF SERVICE MARKET PERCEPTION

Assoc. Prof. Abdulvahap Baydaş Düzce University, Business Administration Department, Düzce

Lecturer Semra Çamuka Bingöl University, Informatics Department, Bingöl

Researcher Sadık Varolgüneş Bingöl University, Civil Engineering Department, Bingöl

ABSTRACT Employment in developed countries has shifted to the third sector, the service sector. The changing competition environment brings great opportunities and threats for the service enterprises as well. Service production is the foremost function in service enterprises. The most important findings attained within the research are as follows: the promptness of ticket supply, the comfort of the vehicles, the safe driving, the reliability of the company, the interior design of the vehicles, the service provided by the sales personnel and the appropriateness of the prices. Customers are generally satisfied with the services provided by the company. In addition, according to the analysis results; it is understood that the increase of the income level means the appropriateness of the prices, when the education level is high in that case the importance given to the quality increases. And along with these, it is a fact that the company meets the expectations of the customers as it is the most important transportation institution of the province. Keywords: Brand Loyalty, Brand Value, Brand Allegiance, Service Brand, Transportation Sector.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

THE EFFECT OF BRAND LOYALTY UPON THE PREFERENCE OF DURABLE GOODS

BINGÖL FURNITURE INDUSTRY SAMPLE

Lecturer Semra Çamuka Bingöl University, Informatics Department, Bingöl

Assoc. Prof. Abdulvahap Baydaş Düzce University, Business Administration Department, Düzce,

Researcher Sadık Varolgüneş Bingöl University, Civil Engineering Department, Bingöl

ABSTRACT Brand loyalty means the consumer’s continuous preference of the same brand despite the existence of many other alternatives. A great number of studies have been conducted on the effect of brand loyalty upon consumers purchasing behaviours. However, studies about furniture industry are too few; almost no studies have been conducted at that field. According to the result of the analysis factors affecting consumer loyalty are as follows: the status gained via the brand being used, brand durability, brand recognition, satisfaction of qualifications, the reassuring characteristics of the brand, personal sales discounts, the product’s being comfortable, brand's confidence, and effectiveness of advertising. The factors that are not effective in brand loyalty are as follows: ease of payment, campaign opportunities, price range being same at all sales points and gift distribution. Keywords: Brand loyalty, Consumer Purchasing Behaviour, Furniture Industry

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

FARKLI BITKILERDE BÜYÜME DERECE GÜNÜN BELIRLENMESI: TÜRKIYE-MERZIFON ILÇESI ÖRNEĞI / DETERMINATION OF GROWING DEGREE DAYS FOR VARIOUS PLANTS: CASE OF THE MERZIFON DISTRICT IN TURKEY

Bilal CEMEK* University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Agriculture, Samsun, Turkey

Erdem KÜÇÜKTOPCU University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Agriculture, Samsun, Turkey

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Artan nüfus ile birlikte tarım ürünlerine olan talepteki artış üretim planlamasının daha bilinçli şekilde yapılmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu nedenle yetiştirilecek bitkilerin doğru seçilmesi ve seçilen bitkilerin doğru zamanda ve en uygun yöntemler kullanılarak üretilmeleri gerekmektedir. Bununla birlikte, iklim koşulları ve sıcaklık bitki gelişimini önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir ve büyüme gün derece (BGD) yöntemi bitki gelişimini ölçmek için kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Merzifon’da/Türkiye yetiştirilen buğday, arpa, mısır, ayçiçeği, şeker pancarı, soğan, elma, kiraz, armut ve şeftali gibi bazı bitkilerin BGD değerlerinin uzun yıllık ortalama sıcaklık verileri (1975-2016) kullanılarak hesaplanması amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, üreticilerin daha iyi yönetim kararları almasında yardımcı olacak faydalı bilgiler sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Büyüme Gün Derece, Sıcaklık, Merzifon, Bitki

Determination of growing degree days for various plants: case of the Merzifon district in Turkey

ABSTRACT Together with the growing population, the increased demand for agricultural products requires more conscious planning of production. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the plants most suitable for breeding, and plant them at the correct time using the most appropriate methods. Further, climatic conditions and temperature affect plant development significantly, and growing degree days (GDD) can be used to measure their development. The aim of this study was to calculate the GDD for cultivated plants, including wheat, barley, maize, sunflowers, sugar beets, onions, apples, cherries, pears, and peaches for Merzifon, Turkey using long term mean

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temperature data (1975-2016). These findings will provide useful information that will help growers make better management decisions.

Keywords: Growing Degree Days, Temperature, Merzifon, Plant

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

YEŞIL GÜBRENIN UYGULAMALARININ ORGANIK PAMUK(GOSSPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) TARIMINDA KOZA SAYISINA ETKISI

Doç. Dr., A. Cenap CEVHERİ* Harran Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Osmanbey Kampüsü, Şanlıurfa

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Cevher İlhan CEVHERİ* Harran Üniversitesi, Teknik Bilimler MYO, Peyzaj ve Süs Bitkileri Bölümü, Eyyubiye Kampüsü, Şanlıurfa

Prof. Dr., Çiğdem KÜÇÜK Harran Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Osmanbey Kampüsü, Şanlıurfa

Prof. Dr., Ahmet YILMAZ Harran Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, Osmanbey Kampüsü, Şanlıurfa, [email protected]

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Vedat BEYYAVAŞ Harran Üniversitesi, Teknik Bilimler MYO, Peyzaj ve Süs Bitkileri Bölümü, Eyyubiye Kampüsü, Şanlıurfa

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Yeşil gübreleme toprağın organik maddesini artırma ve bitkinin ihtiyaç duyduğu bitki besin maddesini karşılamak amacıyla ana bitkiden önce ekim nöbetine alınan baklagil bitkisidir. Bu yöntemde asıl amaç; arazinin boş bırakılmaması ve toprağın biyolojik ve mikrobiyolojik aktivitesini artırmaktır. Bu amaçla bu çalışma 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında Harran Üniversitesi Akçakale Meslek Yüksekokulu Organik Tarım deneme alanında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada yeşil gübre olarak kışlık bakla ekimi Kasım ayında yapılmış, bitki Nisan ayında çiçeklenme aşamasına geldiğinde toprağa karıştırılmıştır. Baklalar toprakta çürüdükten sonra organik pamuk ekimi için toprağa organik gübre karışımları karıştırılmıştır. Denemede Biofarm, Solucan, Biofarm+Solucan gübreleri ve kontrol parseli şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Deneme alanında ST-468 ve BA-119 pamuk çeşitleri organik tarım kurallarına göre tarımı yapılmıştır. Pamuk yetişme dönemi boyunca, hasat döneminde ve hasat sonrasında bitkideki çeşitli fizyolojik gelişmeler, verim ve verim parametreleri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma organik pamuk tarımında uygulanan organik gübrelerin koza sayısına(adet/bitki) etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. İki yıllık koza sayısı ortalamalarına göre sonuçlara bakıldığında, çeşitlere göre ortalama koza sayısının (adet/bitki) ST-468 çeşidinde 18.50 adet/bitki (Kontrol) ve 32.60 adet/bitki (Biofarm+Solucan gübresi) arasında değiştiği

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görülmüştür. BA-119 çeşidinde 24.90 adet/bitki (Kontrol) ve 36.98 adet/bitki (Biofarm+Solucan gübresi) arasında değiştiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeşil Gübre, organik gübre, Organik Pamuk, koza sayısı

The Effects of Green manure Applications on the Number of bolls in Organic Cotton (Gosspium hirsutum L.)

ABSTRACT Green fertilization is a leguminous plant taken to the plantation before the main plant in order to increase the organic matter of the soil and to meet the plant nutrients needed by the plant. In this method main purpose, to increase the biological and microbiological activity of the soil besides not leaving the land empty. For this purpose, this study was carried out in 2016 and 2017 at Harran University Akçakale Vocational High School Organic Farming Experiment Area. In the study, winter bean were sown in november as green manure. when the plant reached the stage of flowering in april, it was mixed with soil. Winter bean's after rotting in the soil, other organic fertilizers were applied in the experiment were mixed with soil in their own parcels. The trial were creat Biofarm manure, vermicompost, Biofarm + vermicompost manure and control parcels. At the trial, ST-468 and BA-119 cotton varieties were grown according to organic farming rules. Various physiological developments, yield and yield parameters of the plant during cotton growing, harvesting and after harvesting were examined. This study was carried out to determine the effect of organic manures applications on organic cotton cultivation on the number of bolls per plant. According to the two years yield averages, at ST-468 variety, number of bolls per plant changed from to 18.50 per plant (control), to 32.60 per plant (Biofarm + vermicompost manure applications), also BA-119 variety, bolls number per plant changed from 24.90 per plant (control) to 36.98 per plant (Biofarm + vermicompost manure) were determined.

Keywords: Green manure, organic manure, organic cotton, bolls number (per plant).

106 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ORGANIK PAMUK (GOSSPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) TARIMINDA YEŞIL GÜBRE UYGULAMALARININ VERIM VE VERIM UNSURLARINA ETKISI

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Cevher İlhan CEVHERİ* Harran Üniversitesi, Teknik Bilimler MYO, Peyzaj ve Süs Bitkileri Bölümü, Eyyubiye Kampüsü, Şanlıurfa

Prof. Dr., Ahmet YILMAZ Harran Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, Osmanbey Kampüsü, Şanlıurfa

Doç. Dr., A. Cenap CEVHERİ Harran Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Osmanbey Kampüsü, Şanlıurfa

Prof. Dr., Çiğdem KÜÇÜK Harran Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Osmanbey Kampüsü, Şanlıurfa

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Vedat BEYYAVAŞ Harran Üniversitesi, Teknik Bilimler MYO, Peyzaj ve Süs Bitkileri Bölümü, Eyyubiye Kampüsü, Şanlıurfa

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Yeşil gübreleme toprağın organik maddesini artırmak ve bitkinin ihtiyaç duyduğu bitki besin maddesini karşılamak amacıyla ana bitkiden önce ekim nöbetine alınan baklagil bitkisidir. Bu yöntemde asıl amaç; arazinin boş bırakılmaması yanında toprağın biyolojik ve mikrobiyolojik aktivitesini artırmaktır. Bu amaçla bu çalışma 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında Harran Üniversitesi Akçakale Meslek Yüksekokulu Organik Tarım deneme alanında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada yeşil gübre olarak kışlık bakla ekimi Kasım ayında yapılmış, bitki Nisan ayında çiçeklenme aşamasına geldiğinde toprağa karıştırılmıştır. Toprağa karıştırılan kışlık bakla toprakta çürüdükten sonra denemede kullanılan diğer organik gübreler kendi parsellerinde toprağa karıştırılmıştır. Deneme Biofarm, Solucan gübresi, Biofarm+Solucan gübresi ve kontrol parseli şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Denemede ST-468 ve BA-119 pamuk çeşitleri organik tarım kurallarına göre yetiştirilmiştir. Pamuk yetişme dönemi boyunca, hasat döneminde ve hasat sonrasında bitkideki çeşitli fizyolojik gelişmeler, verim ve verim parametreleri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, yeşil gübre uygulamalarının pamukta verim ve verim bileşenlerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. İki yıllık verim ortalamalarına göre,

107 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

kütlü pamuk verimi ST-468 çeşidinde 2888.0 kg/ha (Biofarm+Solucan) ve 3257.0 kg/ha (Solucan gübresi) arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. BA-119 çeşidinde 2548.0 kg/ha (Kontrol) ve 3075.0 kg/ha (Biofarm+Solucan) gübresi arasında değiştiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeşil Gübre, Organik Pamuk, organik Gübre, Verim ve verim komponentleri

Effect of Green Manure Applications on Yield And Yield Components in Organic Cotton (Gosspium hirsutum L.) Production

ABSTRACT Green fertilization is a leguminous plant taken to the plantation before the main plant in order to increase the organic matter of the soil and to meet the plant nutrients needed by the plant. In this method main purpose, to increase the biological and microbiological activity of the soil besides not leaving the land empty. For this purpose, this study was carried out in 2016 and 2017 at Harran University Akçakale Vocational High School Organic Farming Experiment Area. In the study, winter bean were sown in november as green manure. when the plant reached the stage of flowering in april, it was mixed with soil. Winter bean's after rotting in the soil, other organic fertilizers were applied in the experiment were mixed with soil in their own parcels. The trial were creat Biofarm manure, vermicompost, Biofarm + vermicompost manure and control parcels. At the trial, ST-468 and BA-119 cotton varieties were grown according to organic farming rules. Various physiological developments, yield and yield parameters of the plant during cotton growing, harvesting and after harvesting were examined. In this study, the effects of green manure applications, on yield and yield components at cotton were determined. According to the two years yield averages, at ST-468 variety, seed cotton yield changed from to 2888.0 kg / ha (Biofarm + vermicompost manure applications) to 3257.0 kg/ha (vermicompost manure applications). Also, BA-119 variety, seed cotton yield changed from to 2548.0 kg/ha (Biofarm + vermicompost manure) to 3075.0 kg/ha (vermicompost manure) were determined.

Keywords: Green Manure, Organic cotton, organic manure, yield and yield components.

108 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

RESTORASYON ÇALIŞMALARINDA ARAŞTIRMA KAZILARININ ÖNEMI: TARIHI DIYARBAKIR ULU CAMI HANEFILER BÖLÜMÜ

Doç.Dr. Fatma Meral HALİFEOĞLU* Dicle Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Bölümü, Diyarbakır, [email protected]

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET

Diyarbakır Ulu Cami, surların çevrelediği geleneksel kent alanının kuzeybatı diliminde, Cami-i kebir Mahallesi’nde yer alan bir yapı topluluğudur. Kaynaklar, Kentin 639 da İslam dünyasına girişiyle planı ve boyutu bilinmeyen Mar Toma Kilisesi’nden dönüştürülmüş olduğunu belirtmektedir. Kentin 1085’te Selçukluların eline geçmesiyle, 1090’da iyi bir onarım görmüştür. Daha sonraki geçen zaman sürecinde birçok medeniyet tarafından onarılarak eklemelerin yapılmış olduğunu üzerindeki birçok yazıttan öğrenmekteyiz. Son olarak yıldırım düşen kare gövdeli minaresi 1839, avludaki şadırvan da 1849 yılında yaptırılmıştır. Erken islam Döneminin ünlü Şam Emeviye Cami'nin (benzerliklerden dolayı) Anadolu'ya yansıması olarak yorumlanan Diyarbakır Ulu Camii, İslam aleminin 5. Harem-i Şerifi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Dörtgene yakın geniş avlunun çevresinde güneyde; Hanifiler Bölümü, kuzeyde Şafiler Bölümü, kuzey giriş aralığı, Mesudiye Medresesi güney revağı, geleneksel bir ev ve helalar, doğuda; daha önce muvakkithane olduğu söylenen kütüphane, doğu girişi, batıda ise; batı girişinin de yer aldığı batı revağı ile üstündeki Kur’an kursu dershaneleri bulunmaktadır. Sekizgen, sivri piramidal külahlı, Osmanlı Döneminde yapılmış şadırvan ile birkaç basamakla yükseltilmiş namazgâh ve havuz geniş avluda yer alan diğer birimlerdir. Avlunun kuzeyinde Mesudiye Medresesi avlu revağı ile kuzey giriş aralığının önünde bir güneş saati de bulunmaktadır. Güney kanadının bütününü oluşturan Hanifiler Bölümü, içten 73.30x16.52m, dıştan 75.10x18.35m boyutlarındadır. Enine üç sahınlı olup, ortaya yakın kısımda 10.51x16.52m boyutlarında bezemeli ahşap tavanlı dörtgen bölümle dikine doğru kesilmektedir. Bu alan 13.52m yüksekliğinde olup, ayaklara oturan beş kemer açıklığı ile doğu ve batı yönünde iki sıra halinde uzanmaktadır. Sahınların üstü, kuzey – güney yönünde ahşap kırma bir çatıyla örtülüdür. Dıştan 11.88m yüksekliğindeki orta alan planda olduğu gibi, kitlesel duruşta da yan bölümlerden daha yüksek olup, avluya bakan yüzü üçgen bir alınla yükseltilmiştir. Yan sahınlar da ahşap kırma bir çatıyla örtülüdür. Diyarbakır Ulu Cami’de 2010 – 2017 yılları arasında tüm yapı bölümlerini kapsayan bir restorasyon çalışması yapıldı. Çalışmanın önemli bir kısmını oluşturan Hanifiler Bölümünde yapılacak müdahaleler projede belirtilmiş olmakla beraber, bilim kurulunun önerisiyle daha fazla bilgi edilmek amacıyla bazı araştırmalar yapıldı. Birçok döneme ait farklı müdahalelerin yer aldığı yapıda duvar, döşeme, dış çevre ve malzeme üzerine çalışıldı. Bunun yanında iç alanda ve yapının doğu – güney yönünde kazılar yapıldı. Bu çalışmada, 2010 – 2017 yılları arasında tamamlanan

109 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

‘Ulu Cami Yapı Topluluğu Restorasyon Çalışmasının’ bir bölümünü oluşturan Hanifiler Bölümünde gerekli görülen araştırma kazıları ve bunun önemi ile restorasyon sürecine katkıları anlatılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyarbakır, Ulu Cami, Araştırma Kazısı, Restorasyon

110 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

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TARIHI DIYARBAKIR DEVA HAMAMI TAŞIYICI SISTEM SORUNLARININ GÖZLEMSEL VE ALETSEL OLARAK TESPIT EDILEREK GÜÇLENDIRME ÖNERILERININ GELIŞTIRILMESI

Öğr. Gör. Dr. Nursen IŞIK Dicle Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Bölümü,Diyarbakır,[email protected]

Doç.Dr. Fatma Meral HALİFEOĞLU* Dicle Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Bölümü, Diyarbakır, [email protected]

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET

Diyarbakır, Türkiye’nin güneydoğusunda, önemli yolların geçtiği bir kavşaktadır. Bu bakımdan tarihin her döneminde var olmuştur. Geçmişi antik döneme dayanan Suriçi Bölgesi, Diyarbakır’ın geleneksel kent alanını oluşturup, dünya kültür miras listesinde yer alan önemli bir yerleşim merkezidir. Bu alanda yer alan geleneksel yığma yapılarda, inşa edildikleri dönem, geçirdikleri onarım ve işlev ile ortaya çıkan birçok taşıyıcı sistem sorunları ve buna bağlı oluşan hasarlar meydana gelmiştir. Bu yapıların bir kısmında güçlendirme çalışmalarının doğru yapılmadığı, bir kısmında ise taşıyıcı sistem sorunlarına dokunulmadan tamamlayıcı koruma müdahalelerinin yapıldığı, bu durumun yapısal sistemi zorlayarak farklı hasar türlerine yol açtığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenledir ki, geleneksel yığma yapıların taşıyıcı sistem hasarlarının mevcut durumlarıyla değerlendirilebilmesi, incelenen yapıların hasar kimliği ve düzeyinin belirlenmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Diyarbakır Hamamlarının kullanım alanları kendi işlevlerine göre özel tasarım gerektiren bir planlamayla oluşturulmuştur. Yıkanma eylemlerinin gerçekleştirildiği bu yapılar diğer hamamlarda olduğu gibi, giriş (taşlık), soyunmalık (soğukluk), ılıklık, hela, sıcaklık, eyvan, halvet, külhan, cehennemlik ve su depolarından oluşmaktadır. Hamamların büyük çoğunluğu şahsi mülkiyet ya da bakımsızlık ve terk edilme nedenleriyle günümüzde özgün işlevi ile kullanılmamaktadır. Restorasyon ve güçlendirme çalışması yapılmış Vahap Ağa Hamamı dışında, Çardaklı Hamamı, Paşa Hamamı ve Kadı Hamamı restorasyonu devam etmekte olan yapılardır. Melik Ahmet Paşa Hamamında, kullanıcı kaynaklı ve hatalı restorasyon uygulaması yapılmış olup, yapım sistemi karkasa dönüştürülmüştür. Deva Hamamı ise sahipleri tarafından terk edilmiş bakımsız, harap durumda ve etrafı ticari mekanlarla çevrili durumda bir yapıdır. Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır’da günümüze ulaşan hamamlar arasında soğukluk-sıcaklık bölümlerinin boyutları bakımından en büyüklerinden biri olan Deva Hamamı’nın taşıyıcı sistem sorunları gözlemsel ve aletsel olarak tespit edilerek bu sorunlara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur. Deva Hamamı’nda 2014- 2016 tarihleri arasında gözlemsel, Ağustos 2016 ile Temmuz 2017 tarihleri arasında aylık periyotlarla 1 yıl (12 ay) boyunca aletsel tespitler yapılarak buna bağlı olarak taşıyıcı sistem sorunları belirlenmiştir. Aletsel ölçümler sonucunda teknik izlemelerle hasar değişimleri ve düzeyleri kayıt altına alınmış, elde edilen veriler çizelge ve grafiklere dönüştürülmüştür. Yapının bir kültür varlığı olarak korunması ve yaşatılabilmesi için güçlendirme önerileri geliştirilmiştir.

111 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyarbakır, Suriçi Bölgesi, Deva Hamamı, Taşıyıcı Sistem Sorunu, Güçlendirme

112 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

DILAN SINEMASI’NIN DIYARBAKIR’IN SOSYAL VE KÜLTÜREL YAŞAMINDAKI YERI

Didem ŞAHİN Dicle Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Bölümü,Diyarbakır,

Doç.Dr. Fatma Meral Halifeoğlu* Dicle Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Bölümü, Diyarbakır

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET

Dünya 20’inci yüzyılın hemen öncesinde ve sonrasında hızlı bir kentleşme süreci içerisine girmişti. Bunda gelişmekte olan sanayinin de etkileri gözle görülür biçimde hissedilmekteydi. İnsanlar kent kavramını daha fazla benimsiyor ve bir kentli olarak kendi eğlence kültürlerini yeniden keşfediyor ve oluşturuyordu. Sinema bu eğlence devriminin merkezine yerleşmekte olan bir olgu haline geliyordu. Bilhassa kapalı mekanda seyir imkanının olması yatırımcılar için büyük bir kazanç kaynağını oluşturacak olan yerleşik sinema seyir alanlarının dizayn edilmesinin önünü açmaktaydı. Diyarbakır’da ilk sinema gösterimi 1920’ler de başlamıştır. Cumhuriyetin ilanıyla sinemacılık ivme kazanarak televizyonun hayatımızdaki yerini kesinleştirdiği 1980’lere kadar devam etmiştir. Türk sinemasının en parlak çağı sayılan 1950-1970 arasında Diyarbakır Sinemaları bu dönemde altın çağını yaşamıştır. Bunu sayısal veriler üzerinden değerelendirirsek;1954 yılında Diyarbakır'daki sinema salonu sayısı 17, nüfus ise yaklaşık 280.000 iken 1998 yılında Diyarbakır'daki sinema salonu sayısı:3, nüfus ise yaklaşık 750.000 dir. Bahsettiğimiz yıllar açısından sinema salonları arasında en çarpıcı örnek olarak karşımıza çıkan salon “Dilan Sineması”dır. Bundan dolayı Diyarbakır’da sinema salonlarını değerlendirirken Dilan Sineması’nı ayrı bir yere koymak gerekmektedir. Diyarbakır’ın en uzun soluklu sineması olmakla beraber 1500 kişilik oturma kapasitesi ve 20 den fazla çalışanıyla büyük bir ekonomi oluşturmaktadır.1956 yılında film gösterimlerine başlayan bu sinema salonu son gösterimini 2000

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yılında yapmıştır. Diyarbakır’da sadece 1930-1960 yılları arasında inşa edilen 17 adet sinema yapısı bulunmaktadır. Sinemacılık yanında birçok kültürü de getirmiş, kentsel ve sosyal gelişimin yanında kent ekonomisine de canlılık kazandırmıştır. Dilan Sineması da Diyarbakır’ın kültürel hayatı için de çok önemli bir yer edinmiş ve Diyarbakır’da en uzun süre varlık gösteren sinema yapısı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır’ın kültürel gelişiminde büyük izler bırakan Dilan Sineması mimari ve yapım özellikleri ile tanıtılacak, Diyarbakır’ın sosyal ve kültürel yaşamındaki önemi açığa çıkarılacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyarbakır, Sinema, Dilan Sineması, Sosyal ve Kültürel Yaşam

114 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

TÜRKIYE’DEKI GOLF SAHALARI VE ÇIM ÖZELLIKLERI

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Bülent BUDAK* Ege Üniversitesi, Ödemiş Meslek Yüksekokulu, Tohumculuk Programı, İzmir,

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ali SALMAN Ege Üniversitesi, Bayındır Meslek Yüksekokulu, Çim Alan Tesisi ve Yönetimi Programı,

Doç. Dr. Behçet KIR Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, İzmir, [email protected]

Öğr. Gör. Dr. Meltem Yağmur WALLACE Ege Üniversitesi, Bayındır Meslek Yüksekokulu, Peyzaj ve Süs Bitkileri Programı, İzmir,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Golf sporunun geçmişi 10. yüzyıl Çin’ine dayanmasına rağmen bugünkü anlamı ile golf, 15. yüzyıl İskoçya’sında ortaya çıkmıştır. Kıyasla, golf oyununun Türkiye’de benimsenmesi, göreli olarak geçtir. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’deki golf sahaları, bölgesel konumu, büyüklüğü, saha ve delik sayısı ile uzunluğu bakımından incelenmiş; verilen öncelik ise kullanılan çim tür ve varyeteleri ile bakım amaçlı kullanılan yıllık çim tüketimi olmuştur. Ek olarak, her bir kulüpte yılda oynana oyun sayısı, bir oyunun maliyeti ve oluşan istihdam durumu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Golf, Türk golf sahaları, çim, çim tohumu

Turkish Golf Courses and Turf Characteristics

ABSTRACT Although the history of golf can be traced back to 10th century China, the sport that we recognise today originated in 15th century Scotland. The adoption of golf in Turkey has been relatively late by comparison. In this study, the current state of golf courses in Turkey has been examined in terms of regional location, size, course number, hole number and course length with emphasis being placed on the species and cultivars of turf grass and the amount of annual seed consumption required for maintenance. The number of games played annually, the cost of playing a round and the employment generated by each club has also been identified.

Keywords: golf, Turkish golf courses, turf grass, grass seed.

115 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

REFERANSLAR [1] Anonim 2017a, http://www.golfkulubu.com/sport_golfun_tarihcesi-14.htm [2] Anonim 2017b, http://www.ega-golf.ch/ [3] Anonim 2017c, https://www.turizm.com.tr/kesfedin/macera/alternatif-turizm/591-golf- turizmi

116 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

KÜÇÜK KASABA BAYINDIR / İZMIR’IN SÜS BITKILERI SEKTÖRÜNDEKI GELIŞIMININ KISA ÖYKÜSÜ. YERELDEN ULUSLARARASI PAZARA

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ali SALMAN* Ege Üniversitesi, Bayındır Meslek Yüksekokulu, Çim Alan Tesisi ve Yönetimi Programı, İzmir, [email protected]

Prof. Dr. Mustafa Ercan ÖZZAMBAK Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bahçe bitkileri Bölümü, İzmir, [email protected]

Araş. Gör. Dr. Emrah ZEYBEKOĞLU Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bahçe bitkileri Bölümü, İzmir,

Öğr. Gör. Dr. Meltem Yağmur WALLACE Ege Üniversitesi, Bayındır Meslek Yüksekokulu, Peyzaj ve Süs Bitkileri Programı, İzmir,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Bayındır, Osmanlı döneminde sarayların çiçek tedarikçisi olmasına rağmen 1965’lere kadar önemini yitirmiştir. O zamanlarda üretim, yerel pazarlar için basit yöntemlerle ve sınırlı sayıda yapılabilmekteydi. Daha iyi bir ortamda yaşama talebinin artması belediyelerin yeşil alanlara daha fazla önem vermesini zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu eğilim sonucu olarak Bayındır’ın gelişimi başlamış ve mevsimlik bitkiler, yer örtücü bitkiler ve dış mekan bitkileri alanından büyüyen en önemli merkezler haline gelmiştir. Bugün Bayındır, 700 üyeye sahip iki önemli kooperatifi ile 340 hektar üretim alanına ulaşmıştır. Bu alanın dörtte biri kapalıdır. Farklı türlere ait toplam üretim miktarı yüz milyon bitkidir. Yetmiş milyon adet ile mevsimlik süs bitkileri, en çok yetiştirilen bitkilerdir. Yer örtücü bitkiler yirmi milyon adet ile ikici sırada gelmektedir. Toplam üretim değeri yirmi milyon Euro’dur. Bu, toplam Türk çiçek sektörünün % 10-12’sini oluşturmaktadır. Viola, primula, antirrhinum, chrysanthemum kışlık yetiştirilen bitkilerde ön sıralarda yer almakta, tagates, begonia ve salvia ise yazlık olarak yetiştirilenlerin başında gelmektedir. Son yıllarda özellikle yazlık mevsimlik süs bitkileri Türkmenistan, Azarbeycan ve Irak’a ihraç edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Süs bitkisi, mevsimlik bitkiler, yer örtücü bitkiler, dış mekan bitkileri

117 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

A Brief Growth Story of a Small Town’’ Bayındır- İzmir.’’ in Ornamental Sector. From Local to International Market

ABSTRACT Although in the Ottoman Era the town had been the flower supplier of the sultan’s palaces, Bayındır had lost its importance, nearly up to the 1965’s. Production was done by simple methods in limited numbers for near local markets at that time. Increasing demands for living in better environment, forced the municipalities to give more importance to the green areas. As a result of this trend the development of Bayindir has begun and it has become one of the major growing centers in the area of bedding plants, ground cover plants and outdoor plants. Today Bayindir has two grower’s cooperatives which have nearly 700 members and the total growing area has reached to 340 ha., one fourth of this area is covered. The total amount of production is one hundred million plants of a variety species. Bedding plants are the most grown plants, with the amount of seventy million. Ground cover plants are in the second position with twenty million seedlings. The total production value is 20 million Euros. This is nearly 10-12 % of total Turkish flower sector. Among winter plants; viola, bellis, primula, anthurrium, chrysanthemum are on the first place. In summer bedding plants; tagetes, begonia and salvia are the most produced plants. In recent years, especially summer bedding plants have been exported to Turkmenia, Azaria, and Iraq.

Keywords: Ornamental plant, Bayındır, bedding plants, ground cover plants, out door plants

REFERANSLAR [1] Anonymous, 2014. www.bayindircicekkoop.com [2] Anonymous, 2014. www.bayindir.bel.tr [3] Anonymous, 2014.www.bayindirsusbir.org [4] Anonymous, 2014. www.paykoc.com [5] Narlı, H., 2010. Ornamental Plants Growing in Bayındır. Annual Report. Of Agri. Extention Office. [6] Narlı, H.,2012. Ornamental Plants Growing in Bayındır. . Annual Report. Of Agri. Extention Office. [7] Narlı, H., 2013. Ornamental Plants Growing in Bayındır. . Annual Report. Of Agri. Extention Office. [8] Salman, A. 2013. From Basil to Floriculture Industry. İzmir, p. 44-46

118 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

BAZI LALE ÇEŞITLERINDE GÜBRE UYGULAMASININ SOĞAN VERIMI VE ÇIÇEK ÖZELLIĞINE ETKISI

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ali SALMAN* Ege Üniversitesi, Bayındır Meslek Yüksekokulu, Çim Alan Tesisi ve Yönetimi Programı,

Öğr. Gör. Dr. Meltem Yağmur WALLACE Ege Üniversitesi, Bayındır Meslek Yüksekokulu, Peyzaj ve Süs Bitkileri Programı, İzmir,

Araş. Gör. Dr. Emrah ZEYBEKOĞLU Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bahçe bitkileri Bölümü, İzmir,

Prof. Dr. Mustafa Ercan ÖZZAMBAK Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bahçe bitkileri Bölümü, İzmir,

Prof. Dr. Şevket ALP Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü, Van,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Araştırma, bazı lale çeşitlerinde gübre uygulamasının soğan verimi ve çiçek özelliği üzerine etkisini araştırmak için 2009 yılında Ege Üniversitesi Bayındır Meslek Yüksekokulunda yürütülmüştür. Araştırma materyali olarak Negrita, Sogetsu, Menton, Oxford Elite, Claudia, Inzell, Leen David Mark ve Queen of Night lale çeşitleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, ilk sürgün çıkış tarihleri, çiçeklenme başlangıç zamanı, çiçeklenme bitimi, çiçekte kalma süresi, bitki uzunluğu, soğan iriliği ve soğan verimi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre çiçeklenme periyodunun 17-35 gün aralığında, bitki uzunluğunun 34-52 cm aralığında farklılık gözterdiği belirlenmiştir. Soğan verimi açısından çeşitler arasında ve gübre uygulamalarında istatistiki açıdan farklılıklar görülmüştür. En yüksek soğan verimi Sogetsu çeşidinden elde edilirlek en düşük soğan verimi Inzell çeşidinden elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Lale, çiçek özellikleri, soğan verimi, gübre

The Effect of Fertilizer Application on the Bulb Yields and Floristic Traits on Some Tulips Cultuvars

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to test the effect of fertilizer application on bulb yields and floristic traits on some Tulip cultivars in the experimental fields of Bayindir Training Collage of Ege University in 2009.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Tulip cultivars; Negrita, Sogetsu, Menton, Oxford Elite, Claudia, Inzell, Leen David Mark and Queen of Night were the plant materials of investigation. The traits such as first shoot formation time, beginning of flowering time, end of flowering, flowering period, plant height, bulb size and bulb yield were tested. Results indicated that, flowering period were between 17 – 35 days, plant hight was between 34 cm and 52 cm in experimental cultivars. As a bulb yields, there were statistically significant differences between cultivars and fertilizer application. The highest bulb yield was obtained from Sogetsu and variety of Inzell from the lowest yield.

Keywords: Tulipa, floristic traits, bulb yield, fertilizer

REFERANSLAR [1] Anonymus, 2008, “Çiçek Soğanları”, T.C. Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı Antalya İhracatçı Birlikleri Genel Sekreterliği, Februaryt 2008, Çiçek Soğanları İhracat Raporu, Antalya [2] Anonymus, 2012, Tulip Picture Book, International Flower Bulb Centre, www.bulbsonline.org. [3] Hessayon, D. G., 2003; “The Bulb Expert” Transworld Publischers, Random House Group, London, England [4] Nard, Le M. and Hertogh, De A.A., 1993, Tulipa, The physiology of flowerbulbs (A comprehensive treatise on the physiology and utilization ornamental flowering bulbous and tuberous plants), (Hertogh, A. De, andNard , M. Le, Editörler), Elsevier, Amsterdam, p:617-682. [5] Pala, F., 2006. Ekonomik Öneme Sahip Bazı Soğanlı Bitkilerin Diyarbakır Ekolojik Koşullarında Kültür Olanakları. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi,S.61 Danışmanlar: Prof. Dr. Menşure ÖZGÜVEN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Süleyman KIZIL [6] Rees, A.R., 1992, Ornamental Bulbs, Corms and Tubers. C.A.B. International. Wallingford, UK. [7] Sonyol, C., 2012, Lale Soğanlarında Uygulanacak Soğuklatma İşlemleri ve Farklı Dikim Zamanlarının Soğanların Büyümesi ve Çiçeklenmesi Üzerine Etkisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bornova, İzmir

120 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

DORMANT BERMUDA ÇIMINDE (CYNODON DACTYLON) ÇIM BOYASI VE ÜSTTEN TOHUMLAMANIN YEŞIL ALAN PERFORMANSI ÜZERINE ETKILERI

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ali SALMAN* Ege Üniversitesi, Bayındır Meslek Yüksekokulu, Çim Alan Tesisi ve Yönetimi Programı, İzmir

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Bülent BUDAK Ege Üniversitesi, Ödemiş Meslek Yüksekokulu, Tohumculuk Programı, İzmir,

Doç. Dr. Behçet KIR Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, İzmir, [email protected]

Öğr. Gör. Dr. Meltem Yağmur WALLACE Ege Üniversitesi, Bayındır Meslek Yüksekokulu, Peyzaj ve Süs Bitkileri Programı, İzmir,

Prof. Dr. Erhan Vecdi KÜÇÜKERBAŞ Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü, İzmir,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Araştırma, Mayıs 2016 – Ocak 2018 yılları arasında Ege Üniversitesi Bayındır Meslek Yüksekokulu deneme tarlalarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma birbirinden bağımsız iki farklı aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlk aşamada, beş farklı çim boyasının dormant bermuda çimi üzerindeki görsel özellikleri incelenmiştir. İkinci basamakta ise, dormant bermuda çimine üstten tohumlama ile uygulanan on bir farklı serin iklim çim çeşitlarinin yeşil alan performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, bu araştırmada; renk, doku ve genel görünüm kalitesi ile yabancı bitki, kaplama, kardeşlenme, yenilenme gücü ve seyrekleşme dereceleri irdelenmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen verilere göre, çim boyası uygulanan parsellerde SP Green, Ecolor Koyu ve Ecolor Açık markalı çim boyalarının en etkili görsel sonucu verdiği belirlenmiştir. Ek olarak, üstten tohumlama çalışmasında, Poa pratensis çeşitlerinin, incelenen birçok karakter açısından yetersiz kaldığı ve yaz döneminde Bermuda çimi ile rekabete giren çeşitlerden en başarılı sonucu veren Agrostis stolonifera olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Cynodon dactylon, serin iklim çim türleri, üstten tohumlama, çim boyası.

The Impact of Turf Colourants and Overseeding on Dormant Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) in Terms of Turf Performance

ABSTRACT

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

This research was carried out between May 2016 and January 2018 on the study plots of Bayındır Vocational Training School at Ege University, Izmir. The research was composed of two independent stages. In the first stage, visual characteristics of five different turf colorants were examined on Bermuda grass during the dormancy period. In the second stage, dormant Bermuda grass was overseeded with eleven different varieties of cool season turf grasses and evaluated. In essence, colour, texture and turf quality were scrutinized together with, the rate of weed invasion, cover, tillering, recovery and thinning. As a result, in the study plots where the turf colourants were applied; SP Green, Ecolor Koyu and Ecolor Acik were identified as the brands which demonstrated the greatest observable impact. Additionally, in the overseeding stage varieties of Poa pratensis were found to be overall inadequate and among the varieties which competed with Bermuda grass during the summer months, Agrostis stolonifera was identified as the most successful.

Keywords: Cynodon dactylon, cool season turf grass species, turf colourant, overseeding.

REFERANSLAR [1] Grossi, N., Volterrani, M., Gaetani, M., Lulli, F., Magni, S., Croce, P., De Luca A. and Mocioni, M., 2008, Bermudagrass Putting Green Overseeding with Cool Season Turfgrasses in Coastal Tuscany, Proceedings of the 1st European Turfgrass Society Conference, Pisa-Italy, 19-20th May 2008. pp.87-88. [2] Haselbauer, W.D., Thoms, A.W., Sorochan, J.C., Brosnan, J.T., Schwartz, B.M. and Hanna, W.W., 2012, Evaluation of Experimental Bermudagrasses under Simulated Athletic Field Traffic with Perennial Ryegrass Overseeding, HortTechnology, 22(1), 94-98. [3] Özkan Ş. S., 2018, Bazı Sıcak İklim Çim Buğdaygillerinde Farklı Üsten Tohumlama Zamanlarının Etkileri, Ege Üniv. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, İzmir. [4] Salman, A. ve Avcıoğlu, R., 2008, Farklı Gübre Dozlarının Bazı Serin ve Sıcak İklim Çimlerinin Yeşil Alan Performanslarına Etkisi, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Bornova-İzmir. [5] Volterrani, M. and Magni, S., 2004, Species and Growing Media for Sports Turfs in Mediterranean Area, I. International Conference on Turfgrass Management and Science for Sports Fields, ISHS Acta Horticulturae 661.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

KIŞI TANIMA IÇIN GIYILEBILIR SENSÖR TABANLI YÜRÜYÜŞ TANIMA

Dr., Abdülkadir Gümüşçü* Harran Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği, Şanlıurfa,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET İnsanların bilinen en eski aktivitelerinden biri yürümedir. Yürüme insanın bir noktadan başka bir noktaya gidebilmesi için tüm vücudun dahil olduğu tekrarlı bir eylemdir. Yürüme eylemi kişinin boyuna, kilosuna, kas yapısına ve iskelet sistemine bağımlı bir aktivitedir. Bu haliyle birçok parametreye bağlı olduğu söylenebilir. Bu yüzden yürüme eylemi kişiye özgüdür ve parmak izi, avuç içi çizgileri ve göz irisi gibi kişilerin ayırt edilmesinde kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada kişilerin yürüyüş verileri kullanılarak kişilerin ayırt edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla 7 bayan 9 bay olmak üzere 16 kişinin yürüyüş verileri hesaplanmıştır. Sınıflandırma başarı oranları k-en yakın komşuluk (k-NN) sınıflandırma algoritması ile hesaplanmakta olup Birini Dışarıda Bırak Çapraz Doğrulama (LOOCV) yöntemi ile doğrulanmıştır. Örnek sayısının az, nitelik sayısının fazla olması nedeniyle sınıflandırma yapılmadan önce öznitelik seçme işlemi uygulanmış ve sınıflandırma başarısına önemli katkı sağlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: kişi tanıma, yürüyüş analizi, öznitelik seçme, genetik algoritma, makine öğrenmesi.

Wearable Sensor based Gait Recognition for Human Identification

ABSTRACT One of the oldest known activities of the people is gait. Gait is a repetitive action involving the whole body so that a person can go from one point to another. Gait is an activity dependent on the person's height, weight, muscle structure and skeletal system. It can be said that it depends on many parameters. Therefore, the gait action is person-specific and can be used to distinguish between people such as fingerprints, palm lines and the iris. In this study, it is aimed to classify the persons using gait data. For this purpose gait data of 16 persons, 7 females and 9 males were calculated. Classification success rates are calculated by the k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) classification algorithm and verified by the Leave-One-Out Cross Validation (LOOCV) method. Since the number of samples is low and the number of attributes is high, feature selection has been applied before classification and a significant contribution has been made to the classification success parameters.

Keywords: human recognition, gait analysis, feature selection, genetic algorithm, machine learning.

123 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

MAKINE ÖĞRENME ALGORITMALARI KULLANARAK EEG SINYALLERINDEN GÖZ DURUM TESPITI

Kerim KARADAĞ Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey

ÖZET Elektroensefalogram (EEG) işaretler, birçok bilgi içerdikleri için farklı alanlarda kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Beyin Bilgisayar Arayüzü (BBA) sistemlerinde EEG işaretlerinden sıklıkla yararlanılır. EEG tabanlı BBA sistemlerinde, elektronik cihazlarla iletişimi sağlamak için genelde; ön işleme, öznitelik çıkarma ve sınıflandırma olmak üzere 3 temel aşama kullanılır. Çalışmamızda, UCI makine öğrenme veri tabanından elde edilen gözün açık kapalı durumu EEG kayıtlarının veri seti kullanılmıştır. EEG kayıtları, 117 s'lik bir ölçüm süresine sahip 14 elektrot’dan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, gözlerin açık veya kapalı durumları EEG verileriyle sınıflandırarak belirlenmiştir. Kullanılan veri kümesi standart boyut ve yapıya sahip olmadığı için ön işlem yapılarak sınıflandırma işlemine konulmuştur. Sınıflandırma yöntemleri olarak k-en yakın komşuluk (KNN), destek vektör makineleri (DVM) ve yapay sinir ağları (YSA) kullanılmıştır. İlk başta elektrodlar ayrı ayrı değerlendirilip başarı performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. En yüksek başarı oranı 13. Elektroddan elde edilen işaretlerden KNN sınıflandırma yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilmiştir (% 87,5). Daha sonra tüm elektrodlar kullanılarak başarı performansları karşılaştırılmış ve en yüksek skor DVM sınıflandırma işlemi kullanılarak elde edilmiştir (% 83,85).

Anahtar Kelimeler: Beyin Bilgisayar Arayüzü (BBA), Elektroensefalografi (EEG), Sınıflandırma, Göz Durumu

Eye Status Detection From EEG Signals Using Machine Learning Algorithms

ABSTRACT Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have become widely used in different areas as they contain a lot of information. EEG signals are frequently used in Brain Computer Interface (BBA) systems. In EEG-based BCI systems, in order to communicate with electronic devices, three basic steps are usually used; pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. In our study, the data set of the open-closed state EEG records of the eyes obtained from the UCI machine learning database was used. The EEG records consist of 14 electrodes with a measurement time of 117 s. In our study, open or closed eyes were determined by classifying EEG records. Since the dataset used does not have a standard dimension and structure, it is pre-processed and put into classification process. K-nearest neighborhood (KNN), support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were used as classification methods. Initially, the electrodes were

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

evaluated separately and their performance was compared. The highest success rate was obtained using the KNN classification method from the electrodes obtained from the 13th electrode (% 87,5). Subsequently, success rates were compared using all electrodes and the highest achievement was achieved using the DVM classification process (%83,85).

Keywords: Brain Computer Interface (BCI), Electroencephalography (EEG), Classification, Eye States

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

DETERMINATION OF TOMATO YIELD POTENTIAL USING FUZZY LOGIC

Prof. Dr., Bilal CEMEK* University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Agriculture, Samsun, Turkey

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ABSTRACT This study, determination of Tomato yield have been done using irrigation water salinity, soil exract salinity and leaching friaction by applying Mamdani-Fuzzy Inference Systems (Mamdani-FIS). Irrigation water salinity, soıl salinity and were chosen as input vectors while the relative yield of tomato was chosen as a output vector. Rules for the determination of the tomato yield were selected to FAO 29. After determining of the rules input values were given randomly into the Mamdani-FIS model and FIS model produced results, The different defuzzification methot was used as center of area (COA)centroit, bisector, mean of maxima (MOM), Smallest of maximum (SOM). It is shown that FIS results are the same with FAO 29 results. It can be said that Mamdani-FIS can be used for determination of the tomato yield. The best estimation defuzzification methot was found centroit. Performance analysis was determination as r2(0.97), rmse(8.59, mbe(--1.21),mae(6.51) for centroid, r2(0.97), rmse (8.77), mbe(-1.16), mae(6.69) for bisector, r2(0.95), rmse(8.38), mbe(-1.15),mae(6.75) for (MOM), r2(0.96), rmse(10.92), mbe(7.81),mae(8.04) for (SOM).

Key words: tomato, mamdani, fuzzy logic, salinity

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ÇEŞİTLİ TURUNÇGİLLERİN (LİMON, PORTAKAL, MANDALİNA) YAPRAK EKSTRAKTLARININ FENOLİK KOMPOZİSYONU VE P. AERUGİNOSA PAO1 ÜZERİNE ANTİ-SWARMİNG ETKİLERİ

Dr. Öğr.Üyesi, Ebru ÖNEM* Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Farmasötik Mikrobiyoloji, Isparta,

Uzman, Ayşe Gül ÖZAYDIN Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, YETEM, Uygulamalı Temel Bilimler ve Teknolojileri Araştırma Birim,Isparta

*Ebru Önem ([email protected])

ÖZET Turunçgiler bitkisel tedavi de etkili olarak kullanılmakta olup, sahip olduğu aktif sekonder metabolitler nedeniyle birçok tıbbi özelliğe sahiptir. Yapılan bu çalışmada Osmaniye yöresinde yetişen limon, portakal ve mandalina yaprakları (Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata) ile hazırlanan methanol ekstraktının fenolik bileşenleri HPLC analizi ile araştırılmış ayrıca antibakteriyel ve P. aeruginosa da enfeksiyon oluşumunda rol oynayan kayma hareketine karşı inhibisyon etkisi araştırılmıştır. Sonuçta her 3 turunçgil türü yaprak metanol ekstraktında farklı oran ve çeşitte fenolik bileşen saptandığı, ekstraktların P. aeruginosa PAO1 ve klinik P. aeruginosa izolatları üzerinde antibakteriyel etkisinin olmadığı, kayma hareketi üzerine ise yüksek oranda inhibisyon etki gösterdiği gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kayma hareketi, P. aeruginosa PAO1, fenolik

Phenolic Composition and Anti-Swarming Activity of Various Leaf Extract of Citrus (Lemon, Orange, Mandarine) on P. aeruginosa PAO1

ABSTRACT The genus Citrus is one of the most effective herbs in traditional medicine and the members of this genus have many biologically active secondary metabolites and also have some medicinal properties. In the present study, methanolic (MeOH) extracts of Citrus leaves of different species from Osmaniye region (Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata) were investigated for phenolic compounds and anti- bacterial and anti-swarming activity against P. aeruginosa PAO1 and 3 clinical P. aeruginosa strains. According to the results of microbiological analysis; when these three methanolic extracts did not have antibacterial effect on tested bacteria but they remarkably reduced swarming motility of PAO1 and three clinical isolates.

Keywords: Swarming, P. aeruginosa PAO1, Phenolics

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL SHAPE ON EFFICIENCY OF A KITCHEN HOOD

Ali Kibar* Kocaeli University, Department of Mechanical and Material Technologies, Kocaeli,Turkey

Kadri Suleyman Yigit Kocaeli University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Kocaeli,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of hood shape on efficiency of a kitchen hood has been examined numerically. Three different cases including box, truncated and pyramid are simulated in 3D kitchen hood model. The inlet and outlet areas of all cases were determined as the same. The inlet of the flow is determined as stagnation inlet. The output of the chimney was determined as pressure outlet. Ideal gas was used for the working fluid. The efficiency is determined by using the mass flowrate at output of the chimney. The results suggest that the efficiencies of the hood from best to worst depends on the shape are the pyramid, truncated and box, respectively.

Keywords: Computational flow dynamics (CFD), Numerical Analysis, Kitchen Hood, Hood Shape, Mass Flowrate

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

MIMARI TASARIM KALITE DEĞERLENDIRILMESINDE QFD-AHP YÖNTEMLERININ KULLANILMASININ ÖNEMI/ THE IMPORTANCE OF THE USE OF QFD-AHP METHODS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN QUALITY EVALUATION

PhD Student, Fatma Kürüm Varolgüneş * Bingöl University, Department of Architecture, Bingöl

Assistant Professor, Fatih Canan Konya Technical University, Department of Architecture, Konya

*Corresponding Author: Fatma Kürüm Varolgüneş

ÖZET Mimarlık eylem süreci çok yönlü olması sebebiyle birçok problemi barındıran bir süreçtir. Tasarımlar aynı yapı türüne ait olsalar bile kullanıcı talepleri, çevresel etkenler, yapı elde etme süreçleri ve proje ekipleri farklı olmaktadır. Bu etkenlerin çeşitliliğine rağmen mimarlık eylem sürecinin genellikle tasarımcı odaklı geliştiği söylenebilir. Bu durum ise; kullanıcının tasarım sürecinde varlığının zayıf olduğu gerçeğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Tasarım ve kullanım süreci arasında tasarım sürecinin işleyişinden kaynaklanan sorunlar oluşmaktadır. Bahsedilen bu problemlerden yola çıkarak; projeler gerçekleştirilirken kullanıcının dili ve tasarımcı dilinin uyuşması için kullanılan klasik mimarlık yöntemleri artık yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle farklı disiplinlerde kullanılan hibrit yöntemleri mimaride kullanılmak üzere geliştirmek gerekmektedir. Kullanılacak bu yöntemler birbirleriyle uyumlu bir şekilde belirli bir akış düzeneğinde, ölçülebilir olarak aktarılmalıdır. Bu makalede üzerinde durulacak yöntemler Quality Function Deployment (QFD) çatısı altında afinite diyagramı, hiyerarşi diyagramı, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)’ dir. Disiplinler arası kullanılan bu yöntemlerin mimari ürün gelişimi adına önemli çıktılar ortaya koyması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada QFD ve iskeletini oluşturan yöntemlerin özellikleri, mimariye sunacakları katkılar, literatür yardımıyla araştırılmıştır. Yöntemler sırasıyla incelenmiş birbirlerine katkıları ve mimarlık eylem sürecine olan katkıları değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Mimari tasarım, KFY, AHP, Affinite diyagramı, Hiyerarşi diyagramı

The Importance Of The Use Of Qfd-Ahp Methods In Architectural Design Quality Evaluation ABSTRACT Architectural design is a process that has many problems due to its versatility. Even if designs are made for the same building type, user demands, environmental factors, building construction processes and project teams can be different. Despite the diversity of these factors, it can be said that the architectural design process is usually designer-oriented. This is the case; reveals the weakness of the user's participation in the design process. Problems arise due to the functioning of the design process between design and usage processes. Starting from these problems mentioned above; the classic architectural methods used to match the user language and the designer language are no longer sufficient. For this reason, hybrid methods used

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in different disciplines need to be developed for use in architecture. These methods to be used must be transmitted in a manner compatible with each other, with a certain algorithm, in a measurable manner. The methods to be discussed in this article are the affinity diagram, hierarchy diagram and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) under the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) framework. These interdisciplinary methods are expected to produce significant outputs for architectural product development. In this study, the features of QFD and its framework and their contribution to the architectural design process have been investigated with the help of literature. The methods were evaluated in order of their contributions to each other and their contribution to the architectural action process.

Keywords: Architectural design, QFD, AHP, Affinity diagram, Hierarchy diagram

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[15] Halıcıoğlu FH. (2005a) Kalite Fonksiyon Yayılımı Yönetiminin Mimarlıkta Uygulanmasına Yönelik Model Önerisi ve Bir Bina Projesi Kapsamında İrdelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Estitüsü. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Estitüsü, 129-145. [16] Halıcıoğlu FH. (2005b) Kalite Fonksiyon Yayılımı Yönteminin Mimarlıkta Uygulanmasına Yönelik Model Önerisi ve Bir Bina Kapsamında İrdelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 90-100. [17] Harputlugil T. (2012) Yapı Elde Etme Sürecinde Mimari Tasarım Kalitesinin Ölçülmesi ve Arttırılmasına Yönelik Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi Tabanlı Karar Destek Yaklaşımı ve Örnek Olaylarla Sınanması. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara: Gazi Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. [18] Hauser JR and Clausing D. (1988) The house of quality. Harvard Business Review 1: 1-16. [19] Işik O, Seğmen YE and Kölemen M. (2012) Kalite Fonksiyon Yayılımı (KFY) Kullanarak Mühendislik Programı Tasarımı. Journal of Aeronautics & Space Technologies/Havacilik ve Uzay Teknolojileri Dergisi 5: 55-60. [20] Kauffmann P, Fernandez A, Keating C, et al. (2002) Using quality function deployment to select the courses and topics that enhance program effectiveness. Journal of Engineering Education 91: 231-237. [21] Kuruüzüm A and Atsan N. (2001) Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi ve İşletmecilik Alanındaki Uygulamaları. Akdeniz University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty Journal 1: 83-105. [22] Mazur GH. (1997) Voice of customer analysis: a modern system of front-end QFD tools, with case studies. Annual Quality Congress Proceedings-American Society for Quality Control. 486-495. [23] Moubachir Y and Bouami D. (2015) A new approach for the transition between QFD phases. Procedia CIRP 26: 82-86. [24] Olcay Y. (2009) Toplu Konut Üretiminde Kullanıcı Tatmini Yönelimli Bir Veri Toplama Modeli: Kalite Fonksiyon Yayılımı. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 30-55. [25] Saaty TL. (1990) How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process. European journal of operational research 48: 9-26. [26] Sarathy PS. (2013) TQM practice in real-estate industry using AHP. Quality & Quantity 47: 2049-2063. [27] Savaş H and Mevhibe A. (2005) Üniversite Kütüphanesi Tasarımında Kalite Fonksiyon Göçerimi Uygulaması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 3: 80-98. [28] Seyhan H. (2005) Kalite Fonksiyon Yayılımının İncelenmesi ve Bir Uygulama. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 40-55. [29] Shafer SM, Smith HJ and Linder JC. (2005) The power of business models. Business horizons 48: 199-207. [30] Shen X-X, Tan KC and Xie M. (2000) An integrated approach to innovative product development using Kano’s model and QFD. European journal of innovation management 3: 91- 99. [31] Shillito ML. (1994) Advanced QFD: linking technology to market and company needs, New York: John Wiley & Sons. [32] Singhaputtangkul N, Low SP, Teo AL, et al. (2013) Knowledge-based decision support system quality function deployment (KBDSS-QFD) tool for assessment of building envelopes. Automation in Construction 35: 314-328.

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[33] Tatman DT. (2011) Hazır Giyim Sektöründe Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi ve Kalite Fonksiyon Göçerimi Uygulaması: Bornoz Örneği. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 39-67. [34] Uzun S and Kazan H. (2016) Çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden AHP TOPSIS ve PROMETHEE karşılaştırılması: Gemi inşada ana makine seçimi uygulaması. Journal of Transportation and Logistics 1: 99-113. [35] Yayla AY. (1998) Dizayn Kalitesinin Sağlanmasında Kullanılan Eş Zamanlı Mühendislik ve Kalite Fonksiyonu Açınımı Yaklaşımları. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 68-102.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

A NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF 3D CENTRIFUGAL FAN MODEL

Kadri Suleyman Yigit* Kocaeli University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Kocaeli,

Çagatay Koc Kocaeli University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Kocaeli,

Ali Kibar Kocaeli University, Department of Mechanical and Material Technologies, Kocaeli,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ABSTRACT In this paper, the effect of impeller location on the efficiency of backward curved blades centrifugal impeller has been investigated numerically. For this purpose, five different impeller center locations (fan impeller housing) including center, 2.5x2.5, 5x5, 7.5x7.5 and 10x10 mm shifted away from the center in X-Z axis have been simulated in 3D fan model. The rotation velocity of the impeller was defined as 2000 rpm constant velocity in steady state numerical method. The results suggested that 10x10 mm shifted impeller housing is the most efficient fan model.

Keywords: Computational flow dynamics (CFD), centrifugal fan, impeller location, fan performance.

REFERANSLAR [1] Peng, W., Li, G., Geng, J., & Yan, W. (2017). An iterative correction method for the input fan curve in an actuator disk model. International Journal of Ventilation, 1-16. [2] Dwivedi, D., & Dandotiya, D. S. (2013). CFD analysis of axial flow fans with skewed blades. IJETAE, 3(10), 741-752. [3] ASME PTC 11 (2008). Fans. [4] Da Silva, D. L., Hermes, C. J., & Melo, C. (2011). Experimental study of frost accumulation on fan-supplied tube-fin evaporators. Applied Thermal Engineering, 31(6-7), 1013-1020. [5] Fadrique Ruano, G. (2017). Design of a ventilation system for fan testing. [6] Versteeg, H. K., & Malalasekera, W. (2007). An introduction to computational fluid dynamics: the finite volume method. Pearson Education.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

SİR JOHN MANDEVİLLE SEYAHATNAMESİ ÜZERİNE BAZI NOTLAR

Doç. Dr. Abdullah Mesut AĞIR Batman Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü, Batman

ÖZET Ortaçağda bilinen dünyadan hareketle bilinmeyen dünyanın gizemlerini keşfeden seyyahların vücuda getirdikleri seyahatnameler tarih ilminin önemli kaynakları arasında yer alır. 14. Yüzyılda yaşamış olan ve aslında Fransız asıllı ruhban sınıfına mensup olan Omer Jean le Lonc kendisini İngiliz asıllı bir şövalye olarak gösterip, Sir John Mandeville takma adıyla Avrupa’dan Ortadoğu’ya seyahat ettiğini iddia etmiş, gittiğini iddia ettiği Anadolu, Suriye, Kudüs, Hindistan ve Moğolistan bölgelerinin hususiyetleri ve buralarda yaşayan halkların karakterleri hakkında bilgiler vermiştir. Ortaçağda seyahatname toplayıcısı olarak bilinen Omer Jean, aslında gittiğini belirttiği bu bölgelere seyahat etmemiş, gerçekten bu bölgelere gitmiş olan seyyahların seyahatnamelerinden alıntılarda bulunarak seyahatnamesini oluşturmuştur. En çok istifade ettiği kaynak ise Odoric Pordenone’un [1286-1331] seyahatnamesidir. İşin enteresan tarafıysa, o zamana kadar çok da popüler olamayan Odoric Pordenone’un bu çalışması Sir John Mandeville sayesinde daha da bilinir olmuştur. Omer Jean le Lonc, takma adıyla Mandeville, vücuda getirdiği bu çalışmasını Avrupa’dan Ortadoğu’ya gidecek olanlar için bir seyahat rehberi tarzında hazırlamış, takip edilmesi gereken kısa ve uzun yolların avantajları ve dezavantajları itinayla belirtilmiştir. Eserde akla yatkın olaylar kadar, aklın sınırını zorlayan hikâyeler kayda değer yer eder. Özellikle Moğollar, Memlûk Türk Devleti ve Avrupa’nın mitsel kahramanı olan Prester John ve ülkesi hakkındaki tasvirler bir hayli ilgi çekicidir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Mandeville, Prester John, Moğol, Kudüs, Mısır, Suriye.

ABSTRACT

SOME NOTES ON TRAVELS OF SIR JOHN MANDEVİLLE

The travelogues written by the travellers who discovered the mysteries of the unkown world in the Middle Ages, are among the important sources of the history of science. Omer Jean le Lonc, who lived in the 14th century and was originally a member of the French proselytic clergy, claimed that he had traveled from Europe to the Middle East by pretending as an English Knight under the nickname of Sir John Mandeville and he informed about Anatolia, Syria, Jerusalem, India, Mongolia, and the characteristics of the people living there. In Fact, Omer, known as the travelogue collector, never travelled to the regions that he had claimed to, but he had written his book depending on the real travellers works. The main source that he has utulized is the travels of Odoric Pordenone [1286-1331]. Interestingly, Odoric Pordenone's work, which was not very popular until then, has become even better known by Sir John Mandeville. Omer Jean le Lonc prepared his travels in the form of a travel guide for those who would travel from Europe to the Middle East and he has carefully described the advantages and the disadvantages of the short and

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long routes which must be followed. As well as plausible events, there are also so many unreasonable stories in the book. Especially the descriptions about Mogol, Mamluk Turkish State and Europe's mythical hero Prester John and his country are the interesting parts of the travelogue.

Key Words: Mandeville, Prester John, Mongols, Jerusalem, Egytp, Syria

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ELLAGIC ACID, AS A POTENTIAL PROTECTOR AGAINST DIETHYLNITROSAMINE AND PHENOBARBITAL INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE

Mehmet Ali KISAÇAM

Gonca Ozan KOCAMÜFTÜOĞLU

İbrahim Enver OZAN

Sema Temizer OZAN

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma, the third most common cause of the cancer deaths and having an increased frequency in the last decade, is the most common cancer type. Nitrosamine compounds can be found in many foods such as meat and dairy products, alcoholic beverages. DEN causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide. PB is known to induce cytochrome P450 and to generate superoxide radical. Ellagic acid (EA) is a powerful antioxidant polyphenol compound which reduces effects of carcinogens. Material and methods: In this study, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Subjects were randomly divided into four groups as Control, DEN+PB, EA, EA+DEN+PB. At the end of 8 weeks experimental period rats were decapitated and liver samples were taken. MDA and GSH levels, as well as CAT and SOD activity, were measured in collected samples. Result: MDA levels increased significantly in DEN+PB group compared to Control group. While there was a significant decrease in DEN+PB group GSH levels compared to Control group, yet there were no difference in DEN+PB group CAT and SOD enzyme activity. EA administration decreased MDA levels in EA+DEN+PB group compared to DEN+PB group. Moreover, EA application increased GSH levels and SOD enzyme activity in EA+DEN+PB group compared to DEN+PB group, however CAT enzyme activity remained unchanged. Conclusions: It is concluded that EA administration may have hepatoprotective effects against oxidative demage in rat liver.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

CALCULATION OF STRESS, STRAIN AND PARTICLE SIZE OF INGAN SEMICONDUCTOR BY WILLIAMSON HALL METHOD

Erman Erdoğan

Department of Physics, Faculty of Art and Science, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, 49250, Turkey

Abstract The epitaxial grown Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) thin films have a very advantageous use for nitrogen based electronic devices. It is known that the InGaN growth is stressed by the difference in the thermal expansion constant between the film and the substrates. This creates permanent stresses at high rates, such as preventing successful growth. For this reason, it has been tried to obtain high quality InGaN thin films which is an important subject in the literature. In this study; semi-insulating InGaN epitaxial layer on sapphire substrate was deposited using radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique (RFMS). The epitaxial layer of InGaN in the hexagonal structure was analyzed using grazing incidence X-ray diffractometer (GIXRD). The Williamson-Hall methods were used to calculate residual stress. Using these methods, the isotropic and anisotropic behavior of InGaN epitaxial layer samples was investigated at different nitrogen gas flow rates. According to the results, harmony between the models was investigated. According to the results obtained, the sample with large crystal size, low stress value and low energy density was proposed as ideal epitaxial growth.

Keywords: GIXRD; Williamson-Hall; InGaN; Sputtering

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

THE DESIGN OF SOLAR ENERGY DISTILLER SYSTEM FOR MEETING THE DRINKING WATER NEED FROM LAKE HAZAR

Res. Assist. Sinem IŞIK Bingol University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bingol, Turkey

Lect. Emin EL* Bitlis Eren University, Department of Electricity and Energy, Bitlis, Turkey

Dr. Lect. Mehmet DURANAY Firat University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Elazig, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Cengiz YILDIZ

Firat University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Elazığ, Turkey

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT

The life on earth depends on the water. With time, the increasing population, industrialization and agricultural activities cause the depletion and pollution of limited drinking water sources. In order to meet the increasing need for clean water, the humans canalized to finding alternative resources and using the existing sources in efficient way. One of the alternative sources is to obtain clean water from dirty waters via distillation by using solar energy. In the present study, solar energy distiller system was designed in order to meet the daily clean water need from Lake Hazar of a family residing in Sivrice district of Elazig/TURKEY. In this study, the information about the solar energy distiller systems is provided and a system that can operate at a certain efficiency level under the climate conditions was designed. Accordingly, the distiller surface area is capable of meeting a family’s daily need for clean water. Moreover, the amounts of distilled water obtained throughout the day were determined on hourly basis.

Keywords: Energy; Distillization; Drinking Water; Solar Energy; Water

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

INVESTIGATION OF THE CURRENT–VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL FOR OUTDOOR CONDITIONS

Res. Assist. Ahmet YILDIZ* Firat University, Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Elazig, Turkey

Res. Assist. Sinem IŞIK Bingol University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bingol, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Beşir DANDIL Firat University, Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Elazig, Turkey

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT Photovoltaic technology uses renewable energy sources and is the simplest electricity production technology in terms of design and installation. Photovoltaic cells used in photovoltaic technology are made of semiconducting materials and convert solar energy directly into electricity. The right choice of photovoltaic panels made of photovoltaic cells is important in terms of initial investment cost and other elements to be used. For this reason, it is necessary to design the solar panels in such a way that they can work in the best conditions and with the highest efficiency during the initial installation phase. In this respect, it is important to determine the current-voltage variation of the photovoltaic panels and to operate the panel in such a way as to provide maximum output power. In this study, an experimental study was carried out to determine the current and voltage values of a photovoltaic panel in Elaziğ / Turkey and to form a current-voltage curve. The current- voltage-power characteristics, filling factor, and maximum power point of the photovoltaic panels were determined from the obtained results. Keywords: Photovoltaic systems, current, voltage, maximum power point.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

MODELING THE ALTITUDINAL VARIATION IN SECONDARY METABOLITE CONTENTS OF HYPERICUM ORIENTALE

Prof.Dr. Mehmet Serhat Odabas* Ondouz Mayis University, Department of Field Crops, Samsun

Dr. Jolita Radusiene Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany, Vilnius

Assoc.Prof.Dr. Kadir Ersin Temizel Ondouz Mayis University, Department of Field Crops, Samsun

Dr. Dursun Kurt Ondouz Mayis University, Bafra Vocational School, Samsun

Assist. Prof.Dr. Hasan Akay Ondouz Mayis University, Bafra Vocational School, Samsun

Prof.Dr. Cuneyt Cirak Ondouz Mayis University, Bafra Vocational School, Samsun

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT In the present study, models for estimation of the altitudinal variation in secondary metabolite contents of Hypericum orientale. Aerial parts of flowering 30 individuals were collected at six different altitudes (500, 1150, 1650, 2100, 2720 and 3250 m) of “Güldağı” mountain, Turkey. Actual secondary metabolite contents of plant were measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography method. Multiple regression analysis was performed for each altitudes and chemicals separately to develop multiple regression models. The R2 coefficient values between predicted and observed contents of secondary metabolites were determined as 0.89 for hyperoside and neochlorogenic acid, 0.94 for rutin, 0.95 for avicularin, 0.97 for quercetin, 0.98 for hypericin, pseudohypericin, cholorogenic acid, and 0.99 for hyperforin, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, amentoflavone, isoquercitrin, quercitrin. catechin, and epicatechin. All R² values and standard errors were found to be significant at the P<0.001 level and a very close relationship was found between actual and estimated values of secondary metabolite.

Keywords: Hypericum orientale, altitude, modeling, HPLC, secondary metabolite

REFERENCES

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[1] Bernal M, Llorens L, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Badosa J, Verdaguer D (2013) Altitudinal and seasonal changes of phenolic compounds in Buxus sempervirens leaves and cuticles. Plant Physiol Biochem 70: 471-482. [2] Bingol U, Cosge B, Gurbuz B (2011) Hypericum species in flora of Turkey. In: Odabas MS, Cirak C (Eds) Hypericum. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology 5 (Special Issue 1): 86-90. [3] Camas, N., Radusiene, J., Ivanauskas, L., Jakstas, V., Cirak, C., 2014. Altitudinal changes in the content of bioactive substances in Hypericum orientale and Hypericum pallens. Acta Physiologia Plantarum. 36: 675-686. [4] Cirak C, Radusiene J, Stanius Z, Camas N, Caliskan O, Odabas MS (2012). Secondary metabolites of Hypericum orientale L. growing in Turkey: variation among populations and plant parts. Acta Physiol Plant 34:1313-1320. [5] Cirak, C., Radusiene, J., Jakstas, V., Ivanauskas, L., Seyis, F., Yayla, F., 2017. Altitudinal changes in secondary metabolite contents of Hypericum androsaemum and Hypericum polyphyllum. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 70: 108-115. [6] Crockett SL, Robson NKB (2011) Taxonomy and chemotaxonomy of the genus Hypericum. In: Odabas MS, Çırak C (Eds) Hypericum. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology 5 (Special Issue 1): 1-13. [7] Demirci B, Baser KHC, Crockett SL, Khan IA (2005) Analysis of the volatile constituents of Asian Hypericum L. (Clusiaceae, Hyperidoideae) species. J Essent Oil Res 17: 659-663. [8] Dona M, Dell'Aica I, Pezzato E, Sartor L, Calabrese F, Della Barbera M, Donella-Deana A, Appendino G, Borsarini A, Caniato R, Garbisa S (2004) Hyperforin inhibits cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res 64: 6225-6232. [9] Du H, Bay BH, Mahendran R, Olivo M (2006) Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy elicits differential interleukin-6 response in nasopharyngeal cancer. Cancer Letters 235: 202-208. [10] Feisst C, Werz O (2004) Suppression of receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization and functional leukocyte responses by hyperforin. Biochem Pharmacol 67: 1531-1539. [11] Fiebich BL, Knörle R, Apel K, Kammler T, Weiss G (2011) Pharmacological studies in an herbal drug combination of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and passion flower (Passiflora incarnata): In vitro and in vivo evidence of synergy between Hypericum and Passiflora in antidepressant pharmacological models. Fitoterapia 82:474-480. [12] Gastpar M, Zeller K (2005) Hypericum-Extrakt STW3 und Sertralin zur Behandlung der mittelschweren Depression. Psychopharmakotherapie 12: 146-153. [13] Guedes RC, Eriksson LA (2005) Theoretical study of hypericin. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 172: 293-299. [14] Kasper S, Caraci F, Forti B, Drago F, Aguglia E (2010) Efficacy and tolerability of Hypericum extract for the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Eur Neuropsychopharm 20: 74-765. [15] Schwarz D, Kisselev P, Roots I (2003) St. John's wort extracts and some of their constituents potently inhibit ultimate carcinogen formation from benzo [a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol by human CYP1A1. Cancer Res 63: 8062–8068. [16] Sezik E, Yesilada E, Honda G, Takaishi Y, Takeda Y, Tanaka T (2001) Traditional medicine in Turkey X. Folk medicine in Central Anatolia. J Ethnopharmacol 75: 95-115. [17] Smelcerovic A, Zuehlke S, Spiteller M, Raabe N, Özen T (2008) Phenolic constituents of 17 Hypericum species from Turkey. Biochem Syst Ecol 36: 316-319. [18] Zhao M, Wang H, Yang B, Tao H (2010) Identification of cyclodextrin inclusion complex of chlorogenic acid and its antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry 120: 1138-1142.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

[19] Zidorn C (2010) Altitudinal variation of secondary metabolites in flowering heads of the Asteraceae: trends and causes. Phytochem Rev 9: 197-203. [20] Zlatev ZS, Lidon FCJ, Kaimakanova1 M (2012) Plant physiological responses to UV-B radiation. Emir J Food Agric 24: 481-501.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

MODELING THE MORPHOGENETIC AND ONTOGENETIC CHANGES IN ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM

Prof.Dr. Cuneyt Cirak* Ondouz Mayis University, Bafra Vocational School, Samsun

Prof.Dr. Mehmet Serhat Odabas Ondouz Mayis University, Department of Field Crops, Samsun

Prof.Dr. Alessandra Bertoli University of Pisa, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biopharmaceutics, Pisa,

*Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ABSTRACT In this research, models for prediction of various volatile constituents of oxygened hydrocarbons, monoterpenes, oxygened monoterpenes and sesquitterpenes hydrocarbons were developed for H. perforatum growing in Northern Turkey. plant material was collected in dry grassland within the Çakallı district of Samsun province, Turkey (41°04' N; 36°01' E; 470 m above sea level) at different stages of plant development. Wild growing plants were harvested at vegetative, floral budding, full flowering, and fresh fruiting. Actual phenolic content of plant materials was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography method. Multiple regression analysis was performed for each volatile constituents to develop the models. R2 values varied between 0.56–0.96 depending of the volatile constituents examined. the models produced in the present study can be used safely by Hypericum researchers for the species used in this research area. All R² values and standard errors were found to be significant at the P<0.05 and P<0.001 level.

Keywords: volatile constituents, modeling, Hypericum perforatum, HPLC

REFERANSLAR [1] Azizi M (2007): Change in content and chemical composition of Hypericum perforatum L. oil at three harvest time. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 13: 79-85. [2] Bertoli, A., Cirak, C., Leonardi, M., Seyis, F., Pistelli, L., 2011. Morphogenetic changes in essential oil composition of Hypericum perforatum during the course of ontogenesis. Pharmaceutical Biology. 49(7): 741–751. [3] Cakir A, Kordali S, Kilic H, Kaya E (2005): Antifungal properties of essential oil and crude extracts of Hypericum linarioides Bosse. Biochem Syst Ecol 33: 245-256. [4] Cirak C, Bertoli A, Pistelli L, Seyis F (2010): Essential oil composition and variability of Hypericum perforatum from wild populations of northern Turkey. Pharm Biol 48: 906-914. [5] Cirak, C., Radusiene, J., Ivanauskas, L., Jakstas, V., Camas, N., Kurt, D., 2015. Phenological changes in the chemical content of wild and greenhouse-grown Hypericum pruinatum: hypericins, hyperforins and phenolic acids. Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany. 4(3): 37-47.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

[6] Cirak, C., Radusiene, J., Ivanauskas, L., Jakstas, V., Camas, N., 2014a. Phenological changes in the chemical content of wild and greenhouse-grown Hypericum pruinatum: Flavonoids. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 38: 362-370. [7] Cirak, C., Radusiene, J., Karpaviciene, B., Camas, N., Odabas, M.S., 2014b. Changes in phenolic content of wild and greenhouse-grown Hypericum triquetrifolium during plant development. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 37: 307-314. [8] Couladis M, Chinou IB, Tzakou O, Petrakis PV (2003): Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum rumeliacum subsp. apollinis (Boiss. & Heldr.). Phytother Res 17: 152-154. [9] Greeson J, Sanford B, Monti DA (2001): St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): A review of the current pharmacological, toxicological and clinical literature. Psychopharmacol 153: 402-414. [10] Gudzic B, Dordevic S, Palic R, Stojanovic G (2001): Essential oils of Hypericum olympicum L. and Hypericum perforatum L. Flavour Fragr J 16: 201-203. [11] Guedes RC, Eriksson LA (2005): Theoretical study of hypericin. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chemistry 172: 293-299. [12] Odabas, M.S., Radusiene, J., Cirak, C., Camas, N., 2009a. Models of estimation of the content of secondary metabolites in some Hypericum species. Pharm. Biol. 47, 1117-1122. [13] Odabas, M.S., Radusiene, J., Çamaş, N., Janulis, V., Ivanauskas, L., Cirak, C., 2009b. The quantitavie effects of temperature and light intensity on hyperforin and hypericins accumulation in Hypericum perforatum L. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research. 3 (7): 519-525. [14] Petrakis PV, Couladis M, Roussis V (2005): A method for detecting the biosystematic significance of the essential oil composition: The case of five Hellenic Hypericum L. species. Biochem Syst Ecol 33: 873-898. [15] Prusinkiewicz P (2004) Modeling plant growth and development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:79– 83. [16] Radusiene J, Judzentieneb A, Bernotiene G (2005): Essential oil composition and variability of Hypericum perforatum L. growing in Lithuania. Biochem Syst Ecol 33: 113–124. [17] Sanchez-Mateo CC, Prado B, Rabanal RM (2002): Antidepressant effects of the methanol extract of several Hypericum species from the Canary Islands. J Ethnopharmacol 79: 119-127. [18] Saroglou V, Marin PD, Rancic A, Veljic M, Skaltsa H (2007): Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of six Hypericum species from Serbia. Biochem Syst Ecol 35: 146-152. [19] Schwob I, Bessie` re JM, Viano J (2002): Composition of the essential oils of Hypericum perforatum L. from southeastern France. CR Biologies 325: 781-785. [20] Schwob I, Bessiere JM, Masotti V Viano J (2004): Changes in essential oil composition in Saint John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) aerial parts during its phenological cycle. Biochem Syst Ecol 32, 735-745. [21] Toker Z, Kızıl G, Özen HC, Kızıl M, Ertekin S (2006):Compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of two Hypericum species from Turkey. Fitoterapia 77: 57-60. [22] Vlietinck AJ, De Beuyne T, Apers S, Pieters L (1998): Plant derived leading compounds for chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Planta Med 64: 97-109.

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

FARKLI SAR DEĞERLERİNE SAHİP SULAMA SULARININ BAZI TOPRAK ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ

Doç. Dr. Kadir Ersin TEMİZEL* Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Bölümü, Samsun

Zir. Yük. Müh. Sedat TOK Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Bölümü, Samsun *Corresponding Author/ Sorumlu Yazar

ÖZET Sodyum derişiminin yüksek olduğu sulama sularıyla toprağın sulanması genellikle toprağın sodyum içeriğinin artmasına neden olur. Sulama suyunun sahip olduğu tuz ve Sodyum Absorbsiyon Oranı (SAR) değerleri toprağın fiziksel yapısında önemli değişiklikler meydana getirmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda killi topraklarda sınırlandırıcı değişebilir Na miktarının 1.0-1.5 meq/100 g toprak olduğu belirtilmiştir ki bu değer 4-8 Değişebilir Sodyum Yüzdesi (ESP) değerine karşılık gelmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada EC değerleri sabit ve 0, 15, 30, 40 SAR değerlerine sahip sulama sularının toprağın ESP, EC ve pH gibi bazı özelliklerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Deneme boyunca her konudan 3 tekerrür kullanılmış ve her tekerrürün üçer katmanından deneme sonunda toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. ESP değerleri, toplam Na değerinin, toplam Ca, Mg, K ve Na değerlerine bölümüyle bulunmuştur. EC ve pH değerleri ise labaratuvarda toprak örneklerinin ekstraktları hazırlanıp, bunların EC ve pH okuyan cihazlarla ölçülmesiyle bulunmuştur. SAR değerlerinin artmasıyla ESP değerlerinin de arttığı görülmüş ve katman bazında incelendiğinde konular arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar çıktığı gözlemlenmiştir. En yüksek ESP değeri ortalaması SAR40 konusunun üçüncü katmanında 4.124 olarak meydana gelirken, en düşük ESP değeri SAR0 konusunun ikinci katmanında 1.312 olacak şekilde meydana gelmiştir. SAR değerlerinin artmasıyla EC ve pH değerleri artmış, istatistiksel olarak katman bazında bakıldığında önemli farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sulama suyu kalitesi, Toprak tuzluluğu, SAR, ESP

Effects Of Irrigation Water With Different SAR Values On Some Soil Properties ABSTRACT Irrigating the soil with irrigation water, which has a high sodium concentration, usually increases the sodium content of the soil.The salt and the Sodium Absorption Rate (SAR) values of irrigation water cause significant changes in the physical structure of the soil. In the clayey soil, limiter variable amount of Na is specified as 1.0-1.5 meq / 100 g soil, which corresponds to 4-8 Exchangeble Sodium Percentage (ESP) value.In this study, the effects of some parameters such as ESP, EC and pH of irrigation water with constant EC values and 0, 15, 30, 40 SAR values were investigated. During the experiment, 3 replicates were used from each subject and soil samples were taken at the end of the experiment from each layer. ESP values

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

were found with divided into total Na to total Ca, Mg, K and Na values. EC and pH values were obtained by extracting soil samples from the laboratory and measuring them with EC and pH measuring devices. As the SAR values increased, the ESP values increased and statistically significant differences were observed between the soil layers.The highest ESP value averaged 4.124 on the third layer of SAR40, while the lowest ESP value was 1.312 on the second layer of SAR0. As the SAR values increased, EC and pH values increased, statistically significant differences between the layers were observed. Keywords: Irrigation water quality, Soil salinity, SAR, ESP.

REFERANSLAR

[1] Akgül H (2003). Tuzluluk. Eğirdir Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsü, Ziraat Mühendisliği Dergisi, 340. [2] Apan M., Kara T. ve Ekmekçi E. (2005). Tuzluluğun Bitki Gelişimine Etkisi. OMÜ Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 20(3):118-125. [3] Kanber, R., Kırda, C. ve Tekinel, O. (1992). Sulama Suyu Niteliği ve Sulamada Tuzluluk Sorunları. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No:21, Ders Kitapları Yayın No:6, Adana. [4] Kara, T. and Apan M. (2000). Tuzlu Taban Suyunun Sulamalarda Kullanımı İçin Bir Hesaplama Yöntemi. O.M.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 15(3):62-67. [5] Mass E.V. and Hoffmann G.J. (1977). Crop salt tolerance-current assessment and management manual. K.K. Tanji (ed.) ASCE, Newyork, pp: 262-304. [6] Yurtseven, E. ve Bozkurt (1997). Sulama Suyu Kalitesi ve Toprak Nem Düzeyinin Marulda Verim ve Kaliteye Etkisi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2) 44-51. [7] Yurtseven, E. (1999). Sürdürülebilir Tarım ve Tuzluluk Etkileşimi. VII. Kültürteknik Kongresi Bildirileri, 11-14 Kasım, Kapadokya, 237-245. [8] Yurtseven, E. ve Baran, H. Y. (2000). Sulama Suyu Tuzluluğu ve Su Miktarlarının Brokkolide (Brassivaoleraceabotrytis) Verim ve Mineral Madde İçeriğine Etkisi. Turk. J. Agric. For 24(2):185-190, 185-190. [9] Yurtseven E., Öztürk H.S., Demir K. ve Kasım M.U. (2001). Sulama Suyu Tuzluluğunun Tınlı Toprakta Profil Tuzluluğuna Etkisi. Ankara Üniv. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 7:3:1-8

146 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

BIODIVERSITY, BIOGEOGRAPHY AND GENETIC STRUCTURE IN POPULATIONS OF CYANIDIOPHYTYNA (RHODOPHYTA) FROM ANCIENT THERMAL SPRINGS IN TURKEY

Asst Prof. Ayla EREN OZDEMIR* Sakarya University Health Services Vocational School

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the most intriguing groups of photosynthetic microorganisms is represented by Cyanidiophyceae (Rhodophyta), a group of red unicellular algae perfectly suited to the environmental extremes offered by the volcanic and post volcanic areas, where temperatures rise above 50°C, and high sulphuric acid concentrations, generated by the oxidation of sulphur gaseous emissions, greatly reduce the pH to values prohibitive for the majority of eukaryotic life forms (pH 0.5-3.0. This study have made about this group's genetic structure population. Material and Method: Samples collection, isolation and cultivation To assess the pattern of the cyanidiophycean diversity occurring within and between the geothermal areas in Turkey.environmental samples were collected from seven Turkish thermal stations located in south eastern. DNA extraction, gene amplification and sequencing for DNA extraction, algal cells were ground with glass beads using a Mini-BeadBeater. New sequences were aligned with published sequence data obtained from GenBank. Findings: A total of 81 new rbcL sequences were obtained in the present study from Turkish samples and were integrated with 327 available rbcL sequences from GenBank. The Turkish population included five Cyanidiophycean species, namely Galdieria sulphuraria, Galdieria maxima, Galdieria phlegrea, Cyanidium caldarium, Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Conclusion: According to result we have new species for Turkey. Our investigations on newly cyanidiophycean isolates revealed the presence in hydrothermal areas around Turkey of all representatives of this peculiar class of microalgae, namely G. sulphuraria, G. phlegrea, G. maxima, C. merolae and C. caldarium.

Keywords: Genetic, phylogeny, genes

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF NOZZLE SIZE ON THE TEMPERATURE CHANGES AND THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN LAB- SCALE SPRAY DRYING OF TOMATO JUICE

Res. Assist. Sinem IŞIK * Bingöl University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bingöl, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Cengiz YILDIZ Firat University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Elazığ, Turkey

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT In this work, the effect of nozzle size and dryer inlet temperature on dryer inlet temperature, the temperature of the air in the dryer, residual water content, and the yield of the dried product were examined for optimizing spray drying process of tomato juice. A lab-scale spray dryer was used to conduct experiments. To this end, the nozzle diameter of the atomizer was changed to 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 mm and the dryer inlet temperature was set to 170 ºC. The tomato juice samples were prepared by squeezing and an amount of one-liter of that was used for all runs. Thermocouples were placed at some definite points on the walls of drying- and product- chambers to observe temperature changes occurring throughout the drying process. Outlet air temperatures, relative humidity, and velocity values were also determined. Besides, the effect of nozzle diameter on the amount of dry tomato powder was revealed. In summary, the effect of nozzle diameter and dryer inlet temperature on the temperature and velocity of the outlet air, residual water content, and the yield of the dried product was determined. The maximal amount of tomato powder was obtained by use of the narrowest nozzle, 0.5 mm.

Keywords: Spray Drying; Tomato Juice; Nozzle Diameter; Optimization

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

ASSESSMENT OF KARABÜK BİLSEM APPLICATIONS BY THE PERSPECTIVE OF STUDENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES CONTINUING TO THE CENTER

Asya Çetin Karabük University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Karabük.

Arzu Özyürek Karabük University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Karabük.

Abstract Objective: In this study, it was aimed to assessment of Karabük BİLSEM applications by the perspective of students and their families continuing to the center. evaluate the point of view of the students who attend the Science Art Center and their parents on BILSEM applications. Method: The working group consisted of 18 students and 5 parents. In a qualitative designed study, data were collected by interview method. Study data were analyzed with content analysis and interpreted by considering themes Findings: it has been determined that students and parents do not have sufficient knowledge about the diagnosis and education process. It has been determined that students and parents are generally satisfied with the BİLSEM applications and that they have positive effects on academic success and friendship relations in the school. Parents had a low participation in family education activities and participation was mostly through social media. It was determined that both the students and the parents were generally satisfied with the BILSEM practice but did not find the place where the training was physically appropriate. All participants agree that BILSEM will meet the needs of society for the education of gifted children. Conclusion: It was concluded that generally, the BILSEM applications meet expectations of students and parents and in Karabük seem to meet a need for the education of gifted children.

Keywords: BİLSEM, Education of Gifted Children, Giftedness

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

EFFECT OF THERMAL CAHANGE ON IMPACT WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF NANO-STRUCTURED COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Assist.Prof.Dr. Efe Çetin YILMAZ Kilis 7 Aralık University Engineering Faculty Department of Mechanical Engineering/ Kilis / Turkey

Abstracts: The aim of this work is to effect of thermal change on impact wear behavior of nano-structured composite materials under in vitro chewing tests. Five specimens of each composite materials were exposed impact wear tests using a computer-controlled chewing simulator (1.6 Hz 50 N bite force loads, 50.000 mechanical cycles, and thermal cycling between 5 and 55°C 1 min/cycle 1200 cycles) immersed in distill water. Al2O3 balls of 6 mm in diameter were used for each impact wear tests. All test samples were kept in distill water for 1 week and determined Vickers hardness and surface roughness before impact wear tests. In this study, a random specimen was selected from each test group and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images were taken for analysis of wear tracks. As a result, the composite material containing the organic matrix among the composite materials tested in this study has a more pronounced wear surface after impact wear tests.

Key Words: Impact wear, Thermal change, Composite resin, SEM

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

A SCRUTINY STUDY ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Assist.Prof.Dr.Efe Çetin YILMAZ* Kilis 7 Aralık University Engineering Faculty Department of Mechanical Engineering/ Kilis / Turkey *Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT: Traditional structures such as steel, concrete constructed in the sea are exposed to various fatigue parameter in marine environments. The abrasive effect in marine environment and the mechanical effect of marine waves can be considered as basic fatigue mechanisms. The decay of the wood, the corrosion of the steel and the deformation of the reinforced / prestressed reinforced concrete piles on the deep bases gave the researchers an experiment with methods to overcome these problems. Composite materials such as fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) and structurally reinforced plastics (SRP) have found a solution to these problems by exhibiting stronger corrosion behavior in the marine environment. In addition, composite materials composition ratios have been changed to produce stronger and lighter materials compared to all other materials. The high corrosion resistance of composite materials makes them more economical than conventional piles. Several manufacturers have begun to accept a number of composite stacks for fender applications, but the use of these structures in load-bearing layer systems has not yet become widespread. This study article, elaborates on the historical use of composite piles, structural and geotechnical design of various load-bearing composite piles, stiffness of piles and finally related construction and manufacturing processes to facilitate research in the areas mentioned above. As a result of the literature searches in this study; findings show that there is a general consensus among researchers that fiber-reinforced piles (FRP) are structurally and geotechnical appropriate for a range of load-bearing applications and that SRP piles with sufficient reinforcement can potentially be used at deep bases.

Keywords: Composite and steel piles, Corrosive wear, Simulation of marine environment

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

KUR’ÂN’DA GEÇEN “NUTFE” KELIMESININ TÜRKÇE MEALLERDEKI KARŞILIĞINA DAIR BIR İNCELEME

Suna ALLAHVERDİ Anadolu Universitesi, Eskisehir, Türkiye

Hüseyin ALLAHVERDİ Muş Alparslan Universitesi, Muş, Türkiye

Mehmet SALMAZZEM Muş Alparslan Universitesi, Muş, Türkiye

Özet Türkçe meallerde “nutfe” kelimesine birbiriyle çelişen ve insan anatomisi ile de uygun olmayan anlamların verildiği görülmektedir. Çoğu meallerde “nutfe”, meni ya da sperm olarak çevrilmiştir. Ancak nutfe kelimesinin geçtiği âyetler, bağlamlarıyla birlikte; bir bütün içerisinde incelendiğinde “nutfe”nin, meni ya da sperm değil döllenmiş yumurta (zigot) veya embiryolojik olarak ondan sonraki safhalara karşılık geldiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu bağamda Tarık Sûresi 6. Âyette su)”nın meni, sperm veya semen olduğu ileri) ماء“ min mâin dâfik” terkibinde yer alan“ O), sırt ile göğüs kafesi) ”يخرج من بيى ال ّصاب والتّرائب“ sürülmektedir. Hemen sonraki âyette yer alan arasından çıkar) cümlesini ise önceki âyette sperm olarak çevrilen suyun bir niteliği olarak zikredilmektedir. Nitekim çoğu meallerde Tarık, 86/5-8. Âyetler, “insan neden yaratıldığına bir baksın! Atılan bir sudan yaratıldı. (O su) sırt ile göğüs kafesi arasından çıkar” şeklinde tercüme edilmiştir. Anatomik olarak meni veya spermlerin çıktığı yer testisler olup bunun göğüs kafesi ve sırtla alakası yoktur. Burada ifade edilenin fetüs doğarken beraberinde onu koruyan amniyon sıvısı veya plasenta sıvısının olması gerekir. Nitekim bahsedilen sıvı erkeklerin bel ya da göğüs kemiği arasından değil, dişilerin sırt ve göğüsleri arasında yer alıp doğumla birlikte atılmaktadır. Kur’ân’da birçok âyette geçen “nutfe” kelimesinin Türkçe meâllerdeki karşılığını incelemeyi hedefleyen bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yönteminin araçlarından biri olan doküman analizi metodu kullanılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Nutfe, Meni, Sperm, Zigot, Döllenmiş Yumurta, Amniyon Sıvısı

A Review of the phrase "Nutfe" in the Qur'an in different Turkish translations of the Qur’an

Abstract It is seen that the meanings of "Nutfe" in Turkish translation are conflicting with each other and are not suitable with human anatomy. In most Turkish translations of the Qur’an "nutfe" is translated as semen or sperm. However, along with the contexts of the verses through which the Word "nutfe" passed, when examined in whole, it is understood that "nutfe" corresponds not to

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

semen or sperm but to fertilized egg (zygote) or embryologically the next stage after it. In this water)", which is located) ماء" context, in the sixth verse of The Night-Comer it is suggested that يخرج من بيى ال ّصاب “ in the combination of "min mâin", is sperm or sperm. The following sentence It is) comes out between the back and the rib cage) is mentioned as a quality of the water) ”والتّرائب which was turned into sperm in the previous verse. Indeed, in most translations The Night-Comer, 86 / 5-8 have been translated as; The verses say, "Why man is created! It was created from a water drop. (That water) between the back and the rib cage ". Anatomically, semen or sperm come out of the ground testicles, which have nothing to do with the chest and back. What is meant here is that the fetus must have amniotic fluid or placental fluid that protects it when it is born. As a matter of fact, the liquid is not taken from the waist or chest of men, but is placed between the back and chest of the females and is thrown together with the birth. In this study that aimed to investigate the phrase "nutfe" in Turkish translations of many verses in the Qur'an, document analysis method which is one of the tools of qualitative research method will be used.

Key words: Nutfe, Semen, Sperm, Zygote, Fertilized Egg, Amnion Liquid

153 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Türkiye Için Yeni Bir Cins Ve Tür Kaydi, Agnyphantes Expunctus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) (Araneae/Linyphiidae)

Hüseyin ALLAHVERDİ Muş Alparslan Universitesi, Muş, Türkiye

Abdullah Bayram Bursa Sınav Eğitim Kurumları Bilim Danışmanı, Türkiye

Özet Boy dişide 1.8-2.5 mm. Carapace sarımsı kahve rengi, kenarları siyahımsı renkte. Sternum koyu sarı kahverengi. Ayaklar sarı kahverengi, metatarsus’lar dorsalde kıllı. Beyazımsı renkte olan opisthosoma üzerinde, ön tarafta kalp şeklinde arkaya doğru çubuk şeklinde koyu desenler mevcut. Her iki eşeyde benzer olan bu desenler örümceğin arazide tanınmasına olanak verir. Epijinde scapus arkada girintili. Çamların alçak dalları üzerinde ve ona yakın vejetasyon üzerinde bulunurlar. Genellikle orman ya da korulukların kenarlarında veya buralarda yer alan patika ya da açıklıklarda bulunurlar. Çalışmamızda örnekler yol kenarında meşeliklerin bulunduğu yerde vejetasyon üzerinden yakalanmıştır. Sonbahar ve yazları ergindirler. Bu çalışmada örnekler yazın yakalanmıştır.

TÜBİTAK tarafından desteklenen bir proje kapsamında elde edilmiştir. Bu münasebetle desteklerinden dolayı TÜBİTAK – TBAG grubu elemanlarına teşekkür ederim.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Agnyphantes expunctus, Linyphiidae, Araneae, Türkiye

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

A new genus and species record for Turkey, Agnyphantes expunctus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) (Araneae/Linyphiidae)

Abstract

The females’ length is 1,8-2,5 mm. Carapace is yellowish brown, the edges are blackish. Sternum is dark yellow brown. Feet are yellow brown, metatarsus is dorsal hairy. On the opisthosoma, which is in whitish color, there are dark red patterns on the front side in the shape of a heart back to back. These patterns, which are similar in both sexes, allow recognition of your spider in the field. Epijin scopus is re-entrant at the back. They are found on the low branches of the pines and close to the vegetation. They are usually found on the edges of forests or gardens, or on footpaths or in open areas around them. In our study, the samples were caught on the vegetation at the side of the roadside benches. In autumn and summer they are adult. In this study, samples were caught in the summer.

This species has been obtained under a project supported by TUBITAK. In this regard I would like to thank the TÜBİTAK - TBAG group members for their support.

Keywords: Agnyphantes expunctus, Linyphiidae, Araneae, Turkey

155 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

THE ATTITUDES OF HEALTH WORKERS IN BITLIS RELATING TO GENDER ROLES: BITLIS PROVINCE SAMPLE

Gülhan BİLGİN Bitlis Public Hospital, Department of Psychology, Bitlis Turkey

Abstract

Social gender roles is labeling individuals according to their gender characteristics (girls / boys) and displaying these roles in relation to the cultivation of gender identity. The purpose of this study is measuring the attitudes towards gender roles and identifying the factors that influencing the attitudes of health workers in ‘Bitlis’ towards gender roles. The '' Social Gender Roles Attitude Scale , (SGRAS) ' (Cronbach Alfa Reliability Coefficient 0.92) was used as a data collection tool which developed by the researcher. The scale was applied to 100 health workers in Bitlis. Analyzes were made with SPSS20.0 package program. ‘P’ values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. In the survey, it is seen that, the healthcare professionals have a high average of the 'Equal Sex Role' (32.47) and have an egalitarian attitude on the subscale (25.02) of the "Gender Role in Marriage". A statistically significant difference was found for each subscale of the scale when examined by sex. Women's score was found to be statistically higher than that of men. In the light of these findings, it has been determined that women have a more egalitarian attitude on gender roles. There is no statistically significant difference according to age and educational status. As a conclusion, it was seen that health workers had an equitable attitude on gender roles (SGRAS total score of 138.2).

Keywords: Gender, Social gender roles, Egalitarian gender role, Traditional gender role

156 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

EVALUATION OF WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF LITHIUM DISILICATE GLASS CERAMIC MATERIALS UNDER IN VITRO CHEWING TESTS

Assist.Prof.Dr.Efe Çetin YILMAZ Kilis 7 Aralık University Engineering Faculty Department of Mechanical Engineering/ Kilis / Turkey

Prof.Dr. Recep SADELER Ataturk University/ ERZURUM / TURKEY

Abstract

The aim of this work is to evaluation of contact-wear behavior of lithium disilicate glass ceramic materials under in vitro chewing tests. Eight specimens of each ceramic materials were exposed contact-wear tests using a computer-controlled chewing simulator (1.2 Hz 50 N bite force loads, 120.000 mechanical cycles, constantly 37 °C temperature immersed in distill water. Al2O3 balls of 6 mm in diameter were used for each chewing test. The mean volume loss of all ceramic specimens after the contact-wear tests was determined with use 3D profilometer. In addition to a random specimen was selected from each test group and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images were taken for analysis of wear tracks. As a result, the ceramic materials tested in this study showed similar wear behaviors after 120.000 chewing tests. However, it was observed that more particles were carried on the wear surface and occurred micro cracks of the IPS e.max ceramic material. These micro cracks can be the continuation of cracks that occur subsurface of ceramic material.

Keywords: Ceramic Material, Chewing Simulation, Volume Loss, Wear

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION INTERVALS ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY IN BLACK CARROT LEAVES (DAUCUS CAROTA L)

Hakan Arslan Ondokuz Mayis University

Deniz Ekinci Ondokuz Mayis University

Alper Güngör Ondokuz Mayis University

Gürkan Bilir Ondokuz Mayis University

Ömer Taş Ondokuz Mayis University

Mehmet Altun Ondokuz Mayis University

Milostin Desire Ondokuz Mayis University Abstract

Abstract—Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the agricultural production worldwide, In this study, Leaf samples were taken from the carrot plants grown under drought stress conditions during the harvesting period. The plants were irrigated in three irrigation interval (4, 6 and 8 days) and Irrigation water regime was set up in pots. The changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in leaves of black carrot were investigated. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (GR, GST, SOD) were varied significantly with irrigation intervals. The highest value of GR, GST and SOD were determined in the irrigation interval of 6 days. All antioxidant activity values were decreased in 8 days of irrigation interval. As a result of the study, it has been suggested that optimum irrigation intervals for plants can be used in antioxidant enzymes.

Keywords: Antioxidant enzyme, carrot, Drought, Irrigation interval

158 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

DETERMINATION OF THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF N- METHYLPYRROLE DERIVATIVES ON GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE ENZYME

Esma Kocaoğlu Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey University

Oktay Talaz Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey University

Hüseyin Çavdar Dumlupinar University

Murat Şentürk Ağri Ibrahim Cecen University

Deniz Ekinci Ondokuzmayis University

Abstract

Glutathione reductase (GR) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme which is responsible for the maintainance of the antioxidant GSH molecule. Antimalarial effects of some chemical molecules are attributed to their inhibition of GR, thus inhibitors of this enzyme are xpected to be promising candidates for the treatment of malaria. In this work, GR inhibitory properties of N-Methylpyrrole derivatives are reported. It was found that all compounds have better inhibitory activity than the strong GR inhibitor N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, especially three molecules, 8m, 8n, and 8q, are the best among them. Findings of our study indicates that these schiff base derivatives are strong GR inhibitors which can be used as leads for designation of novel antimalaria candidates

Keywords: Antimalarial, Enzyme, Glutathione Reductase, Inhibitor

159 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF SOLAR ENERGY STORAGE

Kemal Üçler Kocaeli Üniversitesi

Kadri Süleyman Yigit Kocaeli Üniversitesi

E. Mustafa Yegin Kocaeli University

Ali Kibar Kocaeli University

Abstract

In this study, the storage of solar energy in the rock-bed and water has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. For this purpose, the basalt rocks and water tank were placed in the heat storage. The water tank and air collector were heated up by using the solar water-heating collector and solar air-heating collector, respectively. The air, which discharges from the desired space for heating, passes initially throughout the air-heating collector. Then, warmed air enters in the heat storage. The basalt rocks are heated up both the air collector and water tank. In this way, the stored heat energy is transferred into the desired space for heating when necessary. The results suggest that, the transfer of stored heat energy is continued from the sunset (19:30) to 11:00 pm.

Keywords: Solar Energy, Thermal Energy, Energy Storage, Rocks, Solar Collector

160 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

GEOLOGICAL, MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DAĞBAŞI FE-CU-ZN SKARN ORES (ARAKLI- TRABZON)

Yılmaz Demir Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Department of Geological Engineering, 53100 Rize, Turkey

Abstract Exoskarn type Dağbaşı skarn ores have developed along the nearest border of Upper Cretaceous Dağbaşı Granitoid and block and lens shaped limestones in the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous volcanics. Two different stage garnet and pyroxenes occurrances were described, as a part of the prograde stage. Early stage garnets have the compositions of grossular type, while the pyroxenes have the composition ranging from diopside to hedenbergite. Late stage garnets are characterized by high andradite content, while pyroxenes are characterized by johansenite. Epidote, tremolite-actinolite, quartz, calcite and chlorite are the other skarn minerals accompanying the retrograde stage. The ore minerals, formed in the retrograde skarn stage, are composed mainly of magnetite and hematite with lesser amount of pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Various main and trace element contents of the calcalkaline character, volcanic arc type Dağbaşı Granitoid show many similarities with the Cu, Zn and Pb forming granitoides. Therefore, observation of sulphide phases as well as oxide ore minerals in Dağbaşı skarns suggests that the skarn mineralogy developed according to the geochemical characteristics of granitoid. The higher andradite content of the retrograde stage indicates oxidized skarn type, which also suggests that the skarn may be associated with shallow emplacement of Dağbaşı Granitoid. The increasing And/Grs ratios from core to rim, in the zoned garnets, are also indicates increasing oxidation degree of skarns. The Ag content of the galena minerals, ranging from 1.18 wt% to 1.43 wt%, found in the Köprüüstü ore, suggests that this ore may have significant silver potential.

This study was supported by TUBİTAK with a project # 112Y331.

Key words: Skarn mineralogy, skarn geochemistry, Dağbaşı Granitoid, Araklı-Trabzon

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

GEOCHEMISTRY AND FLUID INCLUSION PROPERTIES OF THE SIVRIKAYA FE-SKARN MINERALIZATION (RIZE, NE TURKEY)

Yılmaz Demir Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Universitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 53100 Rize, Turkiye

İbrahim Uysal Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 61100 Trabzon, Türkiye

Raif Kandemir Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Universitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 53100 Rize, Turkiye

Andrea Jauss WITec GmbH, Lise Meitner Strasse 6, D-89081 Ulm, Almanya

Abstarct: The Sivrikaya Fe-skarn mineralization is hosted by dolomitic limestones of Late Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary unit, comprised of andesite, basalt and pyroclastic rocks, including, sandstone, shale and dolomitic limestone layers. Late Cretaceous–Eocene İkizdere Granitoid intrusion into the volcano–sedimentary unit resulted in skarn mineralization along the granitoid– dolomitic limestone contact. The ore is associated with exoskarns, and mineralization is characterized by early anhydrous garnet and pyroxene with late hydrous minerals, such as epidote, tremolite, actinolite and chlorite. The ore minerals are mainly magnetite and hematite, with minor amounts of pyrite and chalcopyrite. The composition of garnet and pyroxene in the exoskarn is Adr79.45−99.03Grs0−17.9Prs0.97−2.65 and Di69.1−77.1Hd22.2−29.8Jhn0.6−1.4, respectively. Andradite-rich garnet, diopside-rich pyroxene and the abundances of magnetite in the ore suggest that the Fe- skarn mineralization formed under relatively oxidized conditions. Fluid inclusions in all investigated garnet, epidote, quartz, and calcite are two phase (L+V). Gas/fluid ratios in some of the early stage fluid inclusions are higher than unit, while this ratios at around ~ 30-40 % in other part of the early stage inclusions. The gas ratios of the later stage fluid inclusions are reduced to 10%. Homogenization to gas phases were observed in gas rich fluid inclusions, while homogenization to liquid phases were observed fluid rich inclusions. Homogenization temperatures (Th) of all fluid inclusions and calculated salinity content are in the range of 166 °C–462 °C and 0.35–14.3 wt% NaCl equ., respectively. Well-defined positive correlation between Th and salinity values indicates that meteoric water was involved in the hydrothermal solutions. Eutectic temperatures (Te) between −40.8 °C and −53.6 °C correspond to the presence of CaCl2 in the early stage of fluid inclusions. On the other hand, the Te temperatures of later-stage fluid inclusions, in the range of −38 °C and −21.2 °C, correspond to the presence of MgCl2, FeCl2, KCl and NaCl type salt combinations. None of the fluid inclusions were found to contain separated gas phases in microscopy observations. However, a limited amount of dissolved

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

CH4 was identified in the early stage, high temperature fluid inclusions using Raman spectroscopic studies. The CaCl2 content of the early stage may result from the interaction between hydrothermal solutions and carbonate host rocks. CH4 in this type of inclusions may have caused by the thermal degradation of organic material in the carbonates.

Key words: Sivrikaya Fe-skarn, geochemistry, fluid inclusion, Rize (NE Turkey)

163 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

LARGE FIELD OTONOM RESTORATION SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Gokmen Hasancebi Sedas A.S.

E. Mustafa Yegin Department of Electrical Engineering, Kocaeli University

K. Suleyman Yigit Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kocaeli University

Abstract Dependency on electrical energy is continuously growing as the industrialization of society expands and the daily life experiences a digital transformation. Therefore, reliability, availability, and quality of distribution system become more critical and conventional fault management processes are being modified to reduce downtime of network using self-healing architectures. Self- healing systems are comprised of intelligent electronic devices (IED), remotely controllable switches, restoration algorithms and optionally communication infrastructures. The main goal of the self-healing systems is to isolate the power system faults in the minimum area and restore the maximum number of un-faulted customers as soon as possible with no human intervention. Nowadays, the concept of self-healing is still in the level of proof of concept studies and pilot implementation projects all over the world. The first action related to autonomous distribution system applications in Turkey has been taken by Sakarya Electricity Distribution Company (SEDAS). SEDAS initiated SCADA/DMS/OMS integration project in 2012 and fully commissioned in 2015 to increase observability and controllability of 34.5 kV medium voltage network. In order to enhance the automation capability of the network by developing different self- healing schemes and improve reliability indices without human intervention, SEDAS started an Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) supported R&D project with the consultancy of ÅF Turkey in 2017. Based on the developed know-how during the execution of aforementioned project, this study covers the design criteria of wide area autonomous distribution network, the selection criteria of the automation substations, the minimum technical specifications for the automation equipment that will be installed, and the pilot region implementation design. By making theoretical calculations for the average interruption duration per customer for both before and after implementation cases, a prediction for improvement has been made. In addition, for possible restoration scenarios technical parameters such as ampacity and voltage drop were taken into consideration.

Keywords: Distribution Automation, Supply Continuity, Self-Healing Networks, Smart Grid

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International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

YAPISAL EŞITLIK MODELLEMESINDE TAHMIN METOTLARI

Çiğdem Cengiz* Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, İstatistik Bölümü, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Bitlis, Türkiye

Hasan Bal Fen Fakültesi, İstatistik Bölümü, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye

*Corresponding Author [email protected]

ÖZET Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM), gözlenebilen ve gözlenemeyen değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkilerinin sınanmasında kullanılan kapsamlı bir istatistiksel tekniktir. Özellikle psikoloji, sosyoloji, ekonometri ve eğitim bilimleri alanlarında değişkenler arasında var olan ilişkilerin değerlendirilmesinde ve kuramsal yapıların formüle edilmesinde karşılaşılan problemlerin çözümünde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yapısal eşitlik modellemesinde en önemli aşama olan tahmin üzerinde durulmuştur. Tahmin metodlarından en yaygın olarak kullanılanlar En Çok Olabilirlilik, Ağırlıklandırılmamış EKK, Genelleştirilmiş EKK ve Ağırlıklandırılmış EKK metodları incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar sözcükler: Yapısal eşitlik modeli, tahmin metotları, EKK

165 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

DEVELOPMENT OF RAIL SYSTEMS FROM PAST TO PRESENT

Şakir Parlakyıldız* Technical Vocational School, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey [email protected]

Muhsin Tunay Gençoğlu 2Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey

Mehmet Sait Cengiz Technical Vocational School, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey

*Corresponding Author [email protected]

ABSTRACT In this study, rail transportation systems are explained and the requirements for quality power supply are examined. The level reached by travel demands in large cities necessitates service by rail systems. In the urban areas, the implementation of RTSs is the basis of traffic problems in big cities. Many problems arise during the development of existing RTS in cities and the planning and implementation of new systems. Due to the fact that new RTSs have not been used for transportation in the city for many years, the technical experience and knowledge have been insufficient. In this study, rail transportation systems are explained and the requirements for quality power supply are examined.

Keywords: RTS, CER, Rail Systems, Transportation

166 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

TÜNEL AYDINLATMASINDA ORTALAMA PARILTI DÜZEYI

Mehmet Sait Cengiz Bitlis Eren University, Technical Vocational School, Bitlis, Turkey,

İbrahim Yapıcı Bitlis Eren University, Technical Vocational School, Bitlis, Turkey,

*Corresponding Author [email protected]

ÖZET Bu çalışmada tünel aydınlatmasına yönelik tasarımlarda bilgisayar yazılımı ile optimum çözüme ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Simülasyon ortamında aydınlatma, armatür ve yol parametreleri değiştirilerek elde edilen senaryolar incelenmiştir. Tünel içinde görme konforunu etkileyen optimum parıltı değerlerinin hesapları simülasyon ortamında yapılmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre farklı armatür seçimi kolaylıkla yapılarak farklı senaryolar için farklı lambaların kullanımının mümkün olduğu ve söz konusu simülasyon ile karmaşık hesaplamalara girmeden her türlü hesaplamasının yapılabileceği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada ortalama yol parıltısı değerleri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar sözcükler: Tünel aydınlatması, YBSB lamba, parıltı

167 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

Fourier Analysis in Rail Systems

Çiğdem Cengiz Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Statistics Department, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey,

İbrahim Yapıcı* Bitlis Eren University, Technical Vocational School, Bitlis, Turkey,

Mehmet Sait Cengiz Bitlis Eren University, Technical Vocational School, Bitlis, Turkey,

*Corresponding Author [email protected]

ABSTRACT Electric transport systems have become one of the indispensables of today. Its importance increases both in urban and intercity passenger and goods transportation. For this reason, power supply systems are installed in order to provide uninterrupted, high quality and safe energy to railway vehicles. The electric train sets differ from the power supply network between the conductive lines and the power distribution network and the local network users.

Keywords: Fourier series fourier analysis signal processing

168 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

INVESTIGATION OF UNDERWATER SENSOR NETWORKS FOR ROUTING PROTOCOL BASED ON THE DEPTH FOR DATA COLLECTION

Ebtisam Mohamed Omar Elgdiri Department of Material Science University of Kastamonu Kastamonu, Turkey

Ümit Tokeşer Department of Material Science University of Kastamonu Kastamonu, Turkey

Javad RAHEBI Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Turkish Aeronautical Association Ankara, Turkey

In this paper, the underwater acoustics and history are discussed. The subject of the sound which is important in the underwater acoustic system introduced. The basic components of the system are discussed in terms of the structure of the underwater channel, the underwater characteristics and the basic parameters that the sound is exposed to. In the communication system components section, the basic components that make up the system and the SONAR system are DISCUSSED. In addition to this information, a lot of information about the development of this system was obtained from the past to the present day.

Keywords: Underwater communication, underwater sensor networks, wireless sensor networks,

169 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/

International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering IMESET’18 DUBAI and Technology (IMESET’18 Dubai) Oct 25-27, 2018, Dubai

References [1] T. Leighton, "Fundamentals of underwater acoustics," Fundamentals of noise and vibration. Edited by FJ Fahy and JG Walker. Taylor & Francis, London, UK, pp. 373-444, 1998. [2] B. Batı, "Sualtı akustiği uygulamalarında ışın izleme ve yayılım kaybı hesabının kullanılması," YTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009. [3] S. KAHVECİ, "SUALTI AKUSTİK HABERLEŞME." [4] R. J. Urick, Principles of underwater sound for engineers: Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 1967. [5] John Hewes. (2017, 27 Nov). Transducers. Available: https://electronicsclub.info/transducers.htm

170 | P a g e O R A L P R E S E NTATION https://imeset.org/proceedings/