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Educational Leadership Handbook for Philippine Public Schools

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Educational Leadership Handbook for Philippine Public Schools Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 8-1973 Educational Leadership Handbook for Philippine Public Schools Telesforo N. Boquiren Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Educational Administration and Supervision Commons Recommended Citation Boquiren, Telesforo N., "Educational Leadership Handbook for Philippine Public Schools" (1973). Dissertations. 2888. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/2888 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EDUCATIONAL LEADEKSHIP HANDBOOK FOR PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SCHOOLS by Telesforo N. Boquiren A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Doctor of Education Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1973 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is the result of much encourage­ ment, cooperation, assistance, work, and faith. Many people in my country (Philippines) and in the United States made possible the completion of my study program. My gratitude goes to the President of the Philip- pines for apc-’oviyif my study leave with pay; to the Secre­ tary of Education and the Director of Public Schools for their deep interest in my study program and to my colleagues in the Philippine Association of School Superintendents and to my co-workers and friends in Baguio City for their encouragements. The financial assistance of the Asia Foundation enabled me to complete this studv program. To the members of my committee. I extend my great appreciation. Dr. William P. Viall and Dr. Chester L. Hunt gave their assistance, cooperation and counsel. To Dr. Harold W. Boles, my chairman, this acknowledgement goes beyond appreciation and gratitude. My family, which is my significant others, cooperated tremendously toward the completion of my study program, particularly my wife, Pat, for her support throughout this study and for her faith in me. Telesforo N. Boquiren i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a m icrofilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image o f the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections w ith a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be marie from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 73-31,413 BOQUIREN, Telesforo N., 1919- EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP HANDBOOK FOR PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Western Michigan University, Ed.D., 1973 Education, administration University Microfilms, A XEROX Company , Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OP CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE PART ONE. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE PHILIPPINES ............. 1 I HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ............. 2 II EDUCATION DURING THE DIFFERENT PERIODS. 5 The Spanish Period: 1521 to 1898 .... 5 The American Period: 1898 to 1935. 9 The Commonwealth Period: 1936 to 19^5 . 16 The Period of Independence: 19^-6 to 1972 18 The Bureau of Public Schools. ...... 26 III IMPLICATIONS OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS1 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION AND EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP ............. 31 Staff Development Program ............... 35 Strengths and Weaknesses of Public Education.............................. 37 "Call for L e a d e r s h i p "................. <4-1 PART TWO. THE CONCEPTS OF ADMINISTRATION AND LEADERSHIP ....................... 43 IV PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ..................... kk Developments in Administration........ ^9 Development of Educational Administration 57 V EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP.................. 70 Leadership Defined..................... 70 Leader Types and Styles .................. 7^ i i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. iv CHAPTER PAGE Do Leaders Have Special Personality T r a i t s ? ........................................ 84 Three Types of Basic Leadership Skills . 85 The Tri-dimensional Concept of Leadership. 88 PART THREE. CHALLENGES TO EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP...................................... 91 VI LEADERSHIP IN THE SCHOOL BOARD ................ 93 VII LEADERSHIP IN SCHOOL-COMMUNITY RELATIONS . 100 VIII LEADERSHIP IN STAFF RELATIONS................. 114 Personnel Procedures .... ............... 117 IX LEADERSHIP IN INSTRUCTION . ............... 126 X LEADERSHIP IN PLANNING EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES..................................... 148 The Philippine Experience .................. 150 Improvement of the School Plant............... 158 PART FOUR. A LOOK AT SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION, 168 XI SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION AS A CAREER.............I69 XII THE PREPARATION OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERS . I83 Pre-Service Preparation and Training .... 190 In-Service and Continuing Education,, .... 204 REFERENCES ............................................ 209 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. V LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1 Growth in Enrollment and Number of Teachers . 31 2 Growth in Number of School Administrators and Supervisors ............................. 32 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. V i LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1 Organization of the Philippine Educational System, 1972 ................................... 20 2 Organization of the Bureau of Public Schools, 1972 27 3 Typical Organization of a School Division, 1972 ................................. 30 ^ General Model Showing the Nomothetic and the Idiographic Dimension of Social Behavior . 81 5 The Interaction of Role and Personality in a Behavioral Act .......................... 82 6 Skills Required of Leaders ..................... 88 7 Organization of the Department of Education and Culture (Formerly Department of Education), July 1973 218 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PART ONE BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE PHILIPPINES Part One of this dissertation will give the reader some basic background information on the Philippines in order to help him understand and appreciate the signifi­ cance of the development of public education, and especial­ ly of school administration in the public school system, within the national context. Chapber I gives historical, geographical, political and socio-economic information,. Chapter II presents the status of education during the almost four centuries of Spanish domination, the growth of education during the al­ most five decades of the American regime, to the ten-year transition period of Commonwealth government from 1936 "to 1945 in preparation for independent status, and through the period of independence from 1946 to the present. Chapter III deals with the implications and significance of the growth of public education under two foreign flags and under the Philippine flag in relation to the develop­ ment of public school administration,, Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER I HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS The island country of the Philippine Republic lies off the southeast coast of Asia. It has an estimated
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