DOCSLIB.ORG

EMPIRE and EDUCATION: FILIPINO SCHOOLING UNDER UNITED STATES RULE, 1900-1910 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of Th

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EMPIRE and EDUCATION: FILIPINO SCHOOLING UNDER UNITED STATES RULE, 1900-1910 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of Th EMPIRE AND EDUCATION: FILIPINO SCHOOLING UNDER UNITED STATES RULE, 1900-1910 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Roland Sintos Coloma, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Patricia A. Lather, co-adviser __________________________ Professor Antoinette Errante, co-adviser Patricia A. Lather, co-adviser Educational Policy and Leadership Professor Cynthia B. Dillard __________________________ Professor Judy Tzu-Chun Wu Antoinette Errante, co-adviser Educational Policy and Leadership Copyright by Roland Sintos Coloma 2004 ABSTRACT This dissertation is a history of United States imperialism and Filipino education in the early twentieth century. It is bounded by a time period beginning in 1900 with the establishment of public education in the Philippines, a territory that the U.S. acquired along with Cuba and Puerto Rico at the end of the Spanish-American War. It culminates with the return to the islands in 1910 of Camilo Osias (1889-1976), an American-trained Filipino educator who helped transform his country’s school and political systems. Grounded in postcolonial and ethnic studies, a combined framework that examines the transnational oppression and resistance of colonized peoples of color, this study analyzes the themes of interconnection, identity and agency. Methodologically, data was collected through archival research in universities, government agencies, and public and private libraries in the United States and the Philippines. Michel Foucault’s analytical method of archaeology facilitated the close reading of primary sources, such as government reports, educational materials, newspapers, and the personal papers of American and Filipino teachers. Based on the data, research findings also shed light on the discourses of gender, race, and nationalism as well as the educational aspects of policy, teacher training, and pedagogy. The study offers three central claims: (a) the United States marshaled education as a tool to civilize, modernize and pacify Filipinos; (b) American imperialism was ii shaped by the transnational elaboration of gendered and racialized orders in which male educators dominated the colonial structure while African American schooling served as the template to instruct subjugated people; and (c) Filipinos enacted a hybrid form of nationalism which brought together western and native influences to subversively employ colonial education and fight for national liberation. The implications of the dissertation are: (a) this research challenges the pervasive American view of the United States as benign and altruistic as well as the disavowal of U.S. imperialist violence and complicity; (b) it disrupts the separate narrations of American and Philippine histories and foregrounds issues of gender, race and nationalism in studies of globalization; and lastly, (c) it points out the contradictions in education as a mechanism for subordination and empowerment. iii Dedicated to Aida and Jesus, and to Helena and Aidan, the generations who came before and after me iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have tremendously benefited from the mentoring of exemplary scholar-teachers who have become the fire, wind, earth and water that nurture my intellectual and political development. I especially thank my co-advisers, Patti Lather and Antoinette Errante, for sparking my interests and allowing my thinking to fly. I also thank Cynthia Dillard and Judy Wu for foregrounding issues of difference and intersections and facilitating my transnational forays. At The Ohio State University, I am fortunate to have studied with Kenneth Goings, Leila Rupp, Valerie Lee, Laura Chrisman, Luz Calvo, and Thomas Piontek. I appreciate Nina Ha, Mollie Blackburn, Mel Adelman, and Heather Davis for their guidance and encouragement. At the University of California at Riverside, I am grateful to Rod Ogawa, Flora Ortiz, Grace Yoo, Joe Virata, and the late Steffi San Buenaventura who first planted the seed in me that research and teaching could grow to become tools for advocacy. Friends are a vital source of mental and emotional nourishment. To Oona Besman, Stephanie Lynn Daza, Awad Ibrahim, Anne Pfohl, Jeong-eun Rhee, John Streamas, Binaya Subedi, Sharon Subreenduth, and others in postcolonial, queer, and Asian American reading groups, I appreciate your critical insights and warm camaraderie. To the Asian Pacific American Caucus, especially co-founders Natacha Foo Kune, Amy v Horan, Elena Kim, Szu-Hui Lee, and Nancy Yan, I admire your vision and commitment. I thank Brett Beemyn, Julie Clemens, Kay Fukuda, Delia Gamble, Sirin Holst, Alan Ratliff, Tamara Welch, and the Ed P&L staff for looking out for me. Even though I have lived in the Midwest for the past four years, friends from both coasts like Carmen Abeyta, Richel Aguirre, Joseph Carmona, Robert Diaz, Michael Giang, Brenda Y. Goei, Nicholas Hua, Luisa Huang, Nancy I. Kim, Michael Lucke, John Medina, Eric Nguyen, Prim Kanchanastit, Edwin Ramoran, Koji Uesugi, David Wang, Cynthia Wilson, Fern Yee, and Analee Zelaya, keep me connected. To Shannon Michael McGee, thank you for your commitment to my personal and professional growth. My research was supported by the AERA/Spencer Pre-Dissertation Fellowship, the Elsie J. Alberty Dissertation Fellowship, the Washington State University Summer Doctoral Fellowship, the Mershon Research Abroad Grant, and the Wilde-Stein Scholarship. I am grateful to Melinda Mangin, Laura Muñoz, Victoria Pettis, Sandra T. Martell, and Troy Richardson for being wonderful colleagues and to Michael Hayes and Thomas Popkewitz for being my fellowship mentors. Special thanks to Michael Berglund, Michael Chen, Joe Lott, Doug Sutton, and Dwayne Wright for making our Pacific Northwest summer memorable. My trip to the Philippines was a much-needed reunion with the Sintos and Coloma families. I also made new friends there, such as Walter Ang, Edward Cruz, Bong Lozano, and Bong Yap, who helped me balance work and fun. I wish to thank, in particular, Rebecca Osias for sharing her knowledge and collections, Reynaldo Imperial for making academic and political connections, and Israel Martinez for accompanying me in various trips. vi I could not have completed my research without the help of archivists and librarians. I thank the staff at the Library of Congress, the Teachers College at Columbia University, the University of Michigan, and the University of California at Berkeley. I also appreciate the assistance at the National Library and Archives, the University of the Philippines, the Ateneo de Manila University, the Philippine Normal University, the Lopez Museum, and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports. I am much indebted to Marla Vizdal of Western Illinois University and to Fred and Dorothy Cordova of the National Pinoy Archives in Seattle, WA. To the late Edward W. Said and Gloria E. Anzaldúa, your intellectual and political projects serve as foundation and inspiration for scholar-activists like me. Lastly, to James C. Eslinger, I am glad that you have come into my life and our journey has begun together. I also thank my older siblings and in-laws, Mary Bernadette, Edward and Katherine, Desiree and Joe, for believing in me. I dedicate this dissertation to my parents, Aida and Jesus, and to my niece Helena and nephew Aidan, whose love, prayers and hugs keep me going. vii VITA November 19, 1972 .……………..... Born - Quezon City, Philippines Education 1995 …………………………….…. B.A. in Liberal Studies University of California at Riverside 1998 ……………………………….. M.A. in Educational Administration University of California at Riverside 1999 ……………………………….. Teaching Credential in English California State Polytechnic University at Pomona 2002 ……………………………….. M.A. in Cultural Studies in Education The Ohio State University Employment 1993-96 ………………………….… Coordinator, Asian Pacific Student Programs University of California at Riverside 1997 ………….……………………. English Teacher, Ramona High School Riverside Unified School District, California 1997-99 ……………………………. English Teacher, Baldwin Park High School Baldwin Park Unified School District, California 1999-2000 …………………………. English Teacher, Los Angeles High School Los Angeles Unified School District, California 2001-02 ……………………………. Graduate Research Associate The Ohio State University Spring 2003, Spring 2004 …............. Graduate Teaching Associate The Ohio State University viii PUBLICATIONS Coloma, Roland Sintos. 2003. “Que(e)r(y)ing Nationalism: History, Nation, and Imperialism.” Journal of Curriculum Theorizing 19 (3): 51-70. Coloma, Roland Sintos. 2003. “Fragmented Entries, Multiple Selves: In Search of a Place to Call Home.” In Restoried Selves: Autobiographies of Queer Asian / Pacific American Activists, edited by Kevin K. Kumashiro, 19-28. Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park Press. Coloma, Roland Sintos. 2002. “Can I Speak and Do You Hear Me?: Quest(ion)s for R/Evolution.” International Journal of Sexuality and Gender Studies 7 (1): 61-68. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Education Cultural Studies - History, Policy, and Curriculum Minor Field: Postcolonial and Ethnic Studies Ph.D. Minor - African American and African Studies ix TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ………………………………………………………………….………... iii Dedication ………………………………………………………………………… v Acknowledgments ………………………………………………………….…….. vi Vita …………………………………………………………………….…………. ix List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………... xiii Chapters 1 Disorienting History:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1St New York Volunteer Infantry (Tenth Battalion) Spanish American
    1st NY Volunteer Infantry "10th New York National Guard" In the Spanish American War THE 1st New York Volunteer Infantry (Tenth Battalion) IN THE Spanish American War 1898 - 1900 COMPILED BY COL Michael J. Stenzel Bn Cdr 210th Armor March 1992 - September 1993 Historian 210th Armor Association 1st NY Volunteer Infantry "10th New York National Guard" In the Spanish American War 1st NY Volunteer Infantry in the Spanish American War 1898-1900 HE latter part of the eighteenth century beheld Spain the proud mistress of a domain upon which she could boast that the sun never set. At the close of the nineteenth hardly a vestige of that great empire remained. In 1898 its possessions had dwindled down to the Islands of Cuba and Porto Rico. A rebellion by the people of Cuba against the rule of Spain had been going on for several years. Governor General Weyler, who represented the Spanish Crown, through the methods he used in trying to put down the rebellion, turned the sympathies of the people of the United States toward the cause of the Cuban revolutionist. "Butcher" Weyler, as he was called, was soundly denounced in this country. While the United States government maintained a "hands off" policy as between Spain and the Cubans, it kept the battleship "Maine" in Havana harbor to be on hand in case of danger to Americans. On February 15, 1398, the "Maine" was blown up and 260 members of her crew killed. Spain was blamed for the destruction of the battleship and the people of the United States became inflamed over the outrage and demanded action be taken to put an end to the trouble in Cuba.
    [Show full text]
  • Lanao Del Norte – Homosexual – Dimaporo Family – Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
    Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: PHL33460 Country: Philippines Date: 2 July 2008 Keywords: Philippines – Manila – Lanao Del Norte – Homosexual – Dimaporo family – Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. Please provide references to any recent, reliable overviews on the treatment of homosexual men in the Philippines, in particular Manila. 2. Do any reports mention the situation for homosexual men in Lanao del Norte? 3. Are there any reports or references to the treatment of homosexual Muslim men in the Philippines (Lanao del Norte or Manila, in particular)? 4. Do any reports refer to Maranao attitudes to homosexuals? 5. The Dimaporo family have a profile as Muslims and community leaders, particularly in Mindanao. Do reports suggest that the family’s profile places expectations on all family members? 6. Are there public references to the Dimaporo’s having a political, property or other profile in Manila? 7. Is the Dimaporo family known to harm political opponents in areas outside Mindanao? 8. Do the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) recruit actively in and around Iligan City and/or Manila? Is there any information regarding their attitudes to homosexuals? 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Risk, Information and Capital Flows: the Industrial Divide Between
    Discrimination or Social Networks? Industrial Investment in Colonial India Bishnupriya Gupta No 1019 WARWICK ECONOMIC RESEARCH PAPERS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS Discrimination or Social Networks? Industrial Investment in Colonial India Bishnupriya Gupta1 May 2013 Abstract Industrial investment in Colonial India was segregated by the export oriented industries, such as tea and jute that relied on British firms and the import substituting cotton textile industry that was dominated by Indian firms. The literature emphasizes discrimination against Indian capital. Instead informational factors played an important role. British entrepreneurs knew the export markets and the Indian entrepreneurs were familiar with the local markets. The divergent flows of entrepreneurship can be explained by the comparative advantage enjoyed by social groups in information and the role of social networks in determining entry and creating separate spheres of industrial investment. 1 My debt is to V. Bhaskar for many discussions to formalize the arguments in the paper. I thank, Wiji Arulampalam, Sacsha Becker Nick Crafts and the anonymous referees for helpful suggestions and the participants at All UC Economic History Meeting at Caltech, ESTER Research Design Course at Evora and Economic History Workshop at Warwick for comments. I am grateful to the Economic and Social Research Council, UK, for support under research grant R000239492. The errors are mine alone. 1 Introduction Bombay and Calcutta, two metropolitan port cities, experienced very different patterns of industrial investment in colonial India. One was the hub of Indian mercantile activity and the other the seat of British business. The industries that relied on the export market attracted investment from British business groups in the city of Calcutta.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial Contractions: the Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946
    Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Vicente L. Rafael Subject: Southeast Asia, Philippines, World/Global/Transnational Online Publication Date: Jun 2018 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.268 Summary and Keywords The origins of the Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histories of three empires that swept onto its shores: the Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese. This history makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation- states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power rela­ tionships. Such shifts have included not just regime change but also social revolution. The modernity of the modern Philippines is precisely the effect of the contradictory dynamic of imperialism. The Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese colonial regimes, as well as their postcolonial heir, the Republic, have sought to establish power over social life, yet found themselves undermined and overcome by the new kinds of lives they had spawned. It is precisely this dialectical movement of empires that we find starkly illumi­ nated in the history of the Philippines. Keywords: Philippines, colonialism, empire, Spain, United States, Japan The origins of the modern Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histo­ ries of three empires: Spain, the United States, and Japan. This background makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation-states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Chinese Education and Culture: Annotated Bibliography. PUB DATE 86 NOTE 45P
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 268 070 SO 017 092 AUTHOR Parker, Franklin TITLE History of Chinese Education and Culture: Annotated Bibliography. PUB DATE 86 NOTE 45p. PUB TYPE Reference Materials - Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCd2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibliographies; Asian History; *Chinese Culture; Conflict; Educational Change; *Educational History; Educational Policy IDENTIFIERS *China; Chinese People; Taiwan ABSTRACT This extensive annotated bibliography includes books and articles on Chinese education and its impacton Chinese culture from ancient times to today. Both English and foreign language documents are included; all non-English entriesare accompanied by English abstracts. The alphabetized entries include such topicsas: (1) the impact of Confucianism on education in the Nineteenth Century; (2) childhood in China in the Eighteenth Century; (3) comparisons of educational policy in the Sui,Yuan, Ming and Ch'ing eras; (4) class conflict and education during various periods of Chinese history; (5) education in the Republic of Chinaon Taiwan; and (6) contemporary educational reform after the Cultural Revolution. (CFR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.E. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS EOUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTEDBY CENTER (ERIC) Weisdocument
    [Show full text]
  • In Late Colonial India: 1942-1944
    Rohit De ([email protected]) LEGS Seminar, March 2009 Draft. Please do not cite, quote, or circulate without permission. EMASCULATING THE EXECUTIVE: THE FEDERAL COURT AND CIVIL LIBERTIES IN LATE COLONIAL INDIA: 1942-1944 Rohit De1 On the 7th of September, 1944 the Chief Secretary of Bengal wrote an agitated letter to Leo Amery, the Secretary of State for India, complaining that recent decisions of the Federal Court were bringing the governance of the province to a standstill. “In war condition, such emasculation of the executive is intolerable”, he thundered2. It is the nature and the reasons for this “emasculation” that the paper hopes to uncover. This paper focuses on a series of confrontations between the colonial state and the colonial judiciary during the years 1942 to 1944 when the newly established Federal Court struck down a number of emergency wartime legislations. The courts decisions were unexpected and took both the colonial officials and the Indian public by surprise, particularly because the courts in Britain had upheld the legality of identical legislation during the same period. I hope use this episode to revisit the discussion on the rule of law in colonial India as well as literature on judicial behavior. Despite the prominence of this confrontation in the public consciousness of the 1940’s, its role has been downplayed in both historical and legal accounts. As I hope to show this is a result of a disciplinary divide in the historical engagement with law and legal institutions. Legal scholarship has defined the field of legal history as largely an account of constitutional and administrative developments paralleling political developments3.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinainstitute Annualreport Mission
    07 CHINAINSTITUTE ANNUALREPORT MISSION China Institute in America was founded in 1926 by a group of distinguished American and Chinese educators, including John Dewey, Hu Shih, Paul Monroe, and Dr. Kuo Ping Wen. It is the oldest bicultural organization in America focused exclusively on China. China Institute is a non-profit cultural and educational institution that promotes the understanding and appreciation of Chinese civilization, and provides the historical context for understanding contemporary China. 1 LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN & PRESIDENT We are very pleased to present the 2007 Annual Report, which marks another year of BOARD OF TRUSTEES extraordinary achievement for China Institute. As we enter the ninth decade of our work China Institute in America promoting a deeper understanding of China to the people of the United States, it is clear that the relationship between the two countries is more relevant and important than ever before. 2006–2007 Through the depth and reach of our many programs, exhibitions, courses and events, China Institute contributes significantly to advancing this critical relationship. Virginia A. Kamsky, Chairman Chien Chung Pei, Vice-Chair In our education work, we initiated and hosted the inaugural national meeting of 21 Patricia P. Tang, Secretary U.S.-based Confucius Institutes in January, to foster closer collaboration and learning among Jeffrey Forbes Buckalew, Treasurer these organizations. We were honored to have Director of the Office of Chinese Language Council International (Hanban) Xu Lin participate in this important gathering. At the opening Susan L. Beningson of the Beijing Headquarters of the Confucius Institutes in April, our President Sara Judge Douglas L.
    [Show full text]
  • Awakening an Empire of Liberty: Exploring the Roots of Socratic Inquiry and Political Nihilism in American Democracy
    Washington University Law Review Volume 83 Issue 2 2005 Awakening an Empire of Liberty: Exploring the Roots of Socratic Inquiry and Political Nihilism in American Democracy Maurice R. Dyson Columbia Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Law and Politics Commons, and the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Maurice R. Dyson, Awakening an Empire of Liberty: Exploring the Roots of Socratic Inquiry and Political Nihilism in American Democracy, 83 WASH. U. L. Q. 575 (2005). Available at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol83/iss2/4 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AWAKENING AN EMPIRE OF LIBERTY†: EXPLORING THE ROOTS OF SOCRATIC INQUIRY AND POLITICAL NIHILISM IN AMERICAN DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY MATTERS: WINNING THE FIGHT AGAINST IMPERIALISM. BY CORNEL WEST. PENGUIN PRESS (2004). Pp.229. * Reviewed by Maurice R. Dyson In his latest book, Democracy Matters, Cornel West contends that a perfect storm is in the making, one which has the greatest potential to destroy American democracy. This includes three combined anti- democratic dogmas that have collectively operated to deprive everyday Americans of the ability to critically analyze not only their own state of † The phrase “Empire of Liberty” was first used by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence. The phrase has come to signify the contradiction of the United States as a beacon of egalitarian freedom and a bulwark of imperialism and racial subordination.
    [Show full text]
  • William Jennings Bryan and His Opposition to American Imperialism in the Commoner
    The Uncommon Commoner: William Jennings Bryan and his Opposition to American Imperialism in The Commoner by Dante Joseph Basista Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2019 The Uncommon Commoner: William Jennings Bryan and his Opposition to American Imperialism in The Commoner Dante Joseph Basista I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: Dante Basista, Student Date Approvals: Dr. David Simonelli, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. Martha Pallante, Committee Member Date Dr. Donna DeBlasio, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Dean of Graduate Studies Date ABSTRACT This is a study of the correspondence and published writings of three-time Democratic Presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan in relation to his role in the anti-imperialist movement that opposed the US acquisition of the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico following the Spanish-American War. Historians have disagreed over whether Bryan was genuine in his opposition to an American empire in the 1900 presidential election and have overlooked the period following the election in which Bryan’s editorials opposing imperialism were a major part of his weekly newspaper, The Commoner. The argument is made that Bryan was authentic in his opposition to imperialism in the 1900 presidential election, as proven by his attention to the issue in the two years following his election loss.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism, Citizenship and the Politics of Filipino Migrant Labor ROBYN M
    Citizenship Studies, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2002 Migrant Heroes: Nationalism, Citizenship and the Politics of Filipino Migrant Labor ROBYN M. RODRIGUEZ The Philippine state has popularized the idea of Filipino migrants as the country’s ‘new national heroes’, critically transforming notions of Filipino citizenship and citizenship struggles. As ‘new national heroes’, migrant workers are extended particular kinds of economic and welfare rights while they are abroad even as they are obligated to perform particular kinds of duties to their home state. The author suggests that this transnationalize d citizenship, and the obligations attached to it, becomes a mode by which the Philippine state ultimately disciplines Filipino migrant labor as exible labor. However, as citizenship is extended to Filipinos beyond the borders of the Philippines, the globalizatio n of citizenship rights has enabled migrants to make various kinds of claims on the Philippine state. Indeed, these new transnationa l political strug- gles have given rise not only to migrants’ demands for rights, but to alternative nationalisms and novel notions of citizenship that challenge the Philippine state’s role in the export and commodi cation of migrant workers. Introduction In 1995, Flor Contemplacion, a Singapore-based Filipina domestic worker, was hanged by the Singaporean government for allegedly killing another Filipina domestic worker and the child in her charge. When news about her imminent death reached the Philippines, Filipinos, throughout the nation and around the globe, went to the streets demanding that the Philippine government intervene to prevent Contemplacion’s execution. Fearing Philippine– Singapore diplomatic relations would be threatened, then-Philippine President Fidel Ramos was reluctant to intercede despite evidence that may have proved her innocence.
    [Show full text]
  • WEBS of EMPIRE Locating New Zealand’S Colonial Past
    WEBS OF EMPIRE Locating New Zealand’s Colonial Past TONY BALLANTYNE Sample Material © 2014 UBC Press © Tony Ballantyne 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. First published in 2012 by Bridget Williams Books Limited, www.bwb.co.nz, PO Box 12 474, Wellington, New Zealand. Published with the support of the Bridget Williams Books Publishing Trust with the G & N Trust, and the generous grants provided by the University of Otago and Creative New Zealand. Published in 2014 by UBC Press. UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the fi nancial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada (through the Canada Book Fund) and the British Columbia Arts Council. Webs of Empire is available in New Zealand (print) from Bridget Williams Books and in the rest of the world (print) from UBC Press. Both publishers hold non-exclusive world e-book rights. ISBN 978-0-7748-2816-1 (bound) ISBN 978-0-7748-2770-6 (pdf ) ISBN 978-0-7748-2771-3 (e-pub) Cataloguing-in-publication data for this book is available from Library and Archives Canada. Cover and page design by Neil Pardington at Base Two Edited by Michael Upchurch Typeset by Tina Delceg UBC Press The University of British Columbia 2029 West Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 www.ubcpress.ca Sample Material © 2014 UBC Press CONTENTS Preface: Connections, Comparisons and Commonalities 6 Acknowledgements 9 Note on Language and Usage 12 INTRODUCTION: Relocating Colonial Histories 13 REFRAMING COLONIALISM 25 1.
    [Show full text]
  • SELF-IPIEREST and SOCIAL CONTROL: Uitlandeet Rulx of JOHANNESBURG, 1900-1901
    SELF-IPIEREST AND SOCIAL CONTROL: UITLANDEEt RUlX OF JOHANNESBURG, 1900-1901 by Diana R. MacLaren Good government .. [means] equal rights and no privilege .. , a fair field and no favour. (1) A. MacFarlane, Chairman, Fordsburg Branch, South African League. At the end of May 1900 the British axmy moved into Johannesburg and Commandant F. E. T. Krause handed over the reins of government to Col. Colin MacKenzie, the new Military Governor of the Witwatersrand. But MacKenzie could not rule alone, and his superior, Lord Roberts, had previously agreed with High Commissioner Milner that MacKenzie would have access to civilian advisers who, being Randites for the most past, could offer to his administration their knowledge of local affairs. So, up from the coast and the Orange Free State came his advisers: inter alia, W. F. Monypenny, previously editor of the jingoist Johannesburg-; Douglas Forster, past President of the Transvaal Branch of the South African League (SAL); Samuel Evans, an Eckstein & CO employee and informal adviser to Milner; and W. Wybergh, another past President of the SAL and an ex-employee of Consolidated Gold Fields. These men and the others who served MacKenzie as civilian aides had been active in Rand politics previous to the war and had led the agitation for reform - both political and economic - which had resulted in war. Many had links with the minbg industry, either as employees of large firms or as suppliers of machinery, while the rest were in business or were professional men, generally lawyers. It was these men who, along with J. P. Fitzpatrick, had engineered the unrest, who formulated petitions, organized demonstrations and who channelled to Milner the grist for his political mill.
    [Show full text]