io82 M.E'DICA JOURNAL] MEMORANDkA |MWAY 3, 1902. sebaceous variety affecting both cheeks and nose. The dis- ease presented the most typical "butterfly" outline; its MEMORANDA. surface was covered by scales of a peculiar greyish, mortar-like character, and here and there horny excrescences were ob- MEDICAL, SURGICAL, OBSTETRICAL, THERA- served. The upper lip was perfectly healthy, but the lower lip was occupied by a huge epithelioma which overhung the PEUTICAL, PATHOLOGICAL, ETC. chin (see Fig. I, taken from a water-colour drawing). This was excised with a good result (see Fig. 2). ON HAEMORRHAGE INTO THE BURSA PATELLAE. The patient returned in 1893 with an epitheliomatous ulcer I HAVE lately had under my care a second case of what I originating from a horny excrescence on the tip of the nose. believe to be a rare affection, namely, haernorrhage into the This was treated with potassa fusa. bursa patellae. Both examples occurred in Sisters of Charity, The above- particulars are -taken from Dr. J. J. Pringle's abd were doubtless due to pressuxSe. In both the swelliDg article on multiple epithelioma which appeared in the was large and painful, and the skin red and hot, so much so British Journal of Dermatology of January, igoo, from notes that many surgeons would have felt justified in making a free supplied by me. 1 lost sight of the man until he appeared incision. I preferred to introduce a large aspirator needle at my clinic at the Liverpool Skin Hospital on July ioth, and drew off bright liquid blood, and then carefully strapped I901. the joint with plaster and applied a bandage. The interior Present Condition.-The lupus erythematosus had not in- of the bursa appeared to be rough when the two surfaces creased in area, was less scaly. and had none of the warty came together, and the haemorrhage was free, so that I had exereseences before mentioned, but was in no sense atrophic. to empty the bursa a second time before I completed the His lower lip presented a well-marked red, glazed patch of strapping. I renewed the strapping in a week, and again the disease, but there was not the slightest evidence of a re- throe or four times at the same interval, and then dismissed turn of the epithelioma. On the nose, however, was a large, my patient with a bandage. soft, cauliflower growth, involving the whole surface of that CHRISTOPHER HEATH, F.R.C.S., organ. This was extremely vascular, and had become so Consulting Surgeon to University College Hospital. offensive to his fellows that he was compelled to seek advice CLivendish Square, W. (See Fig. 3). Treatment.-Having had a fair experience of the x rays in CASE OF DOUBLE DISLOCATION OF THE STERNAL dealing with malignant growths I decided, first, in order to ENDS OF BOTH CLAVICL,ES BACKWARDS. save time, to remove as much as possible of the growth with I CANNOT find any case recorded of simultaneous dislocation a scraper and then submit the raw surface to their influence. of the sternal ends of both clavicles backwards. The accident On July ixth I-thoroughly scraped the nose under nitrous occurred at the Royal George Mills, Greenfield, on February oxide anaesthesia, and as soon as the bleeding was arrested 4th, 1902, and is probably worth reporting. began the treatment. This was confined entirely to the nose, On arriving at the scene of the accident, I found the patient the other portions of the face being protected with a lead -a heavily built man of 40-in a dazed condition. He would foil mask. Ten-minute exposures were given daily, Sundays not answer questions, but kept repeating that he " could not excepted, until August 2 [St, when the healing proeess;- which breathe," and moaning as if in pain. Examination showed had hitherto beeQ rapid, became arrested, and the newly- some scalp wounds situated rather behind the occiput, and formed epithelium melted away. This was evidence to me what at first sight looked like a dislocation of the sternum, that the-exposures were too long or too frequent, consequently its upper edge being, apparently, projected forwards almost they were postponed until August 31st, when five-minute ex- the width of two fingers. Of course in reality both clavicles posures were given daily until September 7th; these were were symmetrically displaced backwards. The accident was resumed again on October 5th, when ten-minute exposures caused by a fall down a lift, and the man was seen to alight were ordered twice weekly through a mere slit in the mask to on the back of head and shoulders. a fine line of unhealed tissue. The nose was completely The reduction was accomplished by placing the man on healed on October 26th (See Fig. 4). Dairing the treatment his back, with his chest thrown upward s with pillows. His an ointment of acid salicylic gr. x, ad. j, and finally lotio elbows were then drawn upwards and outwards, whilst pres- rub. were used. At the request of the patient the lupus ery- sure with the hand was exerted to press the upper edge of the thematosus was not exposed to the rays. sternum, downwards and backwards. The clavicles, with an Microscopical Examination.-This was made by my colleague interval of about a minute, snapped forwvards into their Dr. MacKenna. Portions of the tissues removed by the places. Then a firm pad was applied, and the patient pro- curette on July Iith were preserved in 2 per cent. formalin, gressed, without ineident. hardened in alcohol, embedded in paraffin, and cut. The It appears difficult to understand the backward dislocation sections were stained with logwood and eosin, and on micro- of the claviculae, when the force was, apparently, delivered scopical examination presented the following appearances. from behind the sterno-clavicular joint. I think this is There was great proliferation of the epithelial cells, which the probable explanation: the man had a well developed penetrated deeply in long branching columns into the sub- chest, with a sternum bowed forwards. His head must have jacent connective tissue. In the connective tissue surround- been bent forwards at the moment when he struck the floor. ing the epithelial columns there was considerable leucocytic He fell i6 ft. and the weight of his body-177 lb., must have innltration. Scattered about the field were homogeneous driven the sternal ends of the claviculae in the line of the masses surrounded by closely-packed and flattex,ed epithelial least resistance-downwards-behind the sternum. cells with elongated nuclei-the "cell nests" typical of a COLIN CAMPBELL, L.R.C.P.I., M.R.C.S.Eng. squamous epithelioma. The microscopical examination there- Southport. fore confirms the diagnosis of epithelioma made from the clinical history and phenomena. PINCE-NEZ IN OPHTHALMIC PRACTICE. IN the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL of March 22pd, p. 7 o, Dr., REMARRKS. Joyce has drawn attention to a very important matter in The development of epithelioma on lupus erythematosus connexion with pince-nez, namely, that epiphora is caused tby is a very rare disease, and I would refer those who desire the compressing force dragging on the tissues at each side of further acquaintance with the subject to Dr. Pringle's the- nose, and so displacing the puncta. article. But it is rarer still for any one to have the oppor- Until we have a better appliance than the [present nose tunity of treating three separate developments of this dis- piece the ophthalmic surgeon can prevent this displacement ease after intervals of six and three years as has fallen to by directing the patient to close the eyes whilst adjusting the my lot. pince-nez. If one pinches up the skin on the nose between Of course exception may be taken to the line of treatment the finger and thumb, imitating the action of the compressing pursued-namely, that scraping was adopted as a preliminary, force of the pince-nez, he will find that when the eyelids are and that valuable and efficient dressings were used ; but I apart the puncta are visibly displaced, whereas when the eye- would ask:-Would these have produced such an excellent lids are in contact no displacement takes place by this action. result without the aid of the r rays ? Those who have worn this form of frame for some time MAY 3 1902.] HOSPITAL REPORTS. LMTu Bm,t, I o83 discover this, and,instinctively close the eyes when settling it same time the weight of the body is supported chiefly on on the nose. --, the anterior pier of the main pedal arch. The strain on the I think it is a prudent precaution on the part of the surgeon tibialis anticus muscle must under these circumstances be to request the patient to let him see the pince-nez or severe, and until in the fullness of time a costume and foot- spectacles when he receives it from the optician. In this gear appropriate to this national sport be evolved such cases way the point in question can be seen to, as well as that the as this will probably from time to time occur. optical centres are properly placed, whether for " near," Barnes. F. GRAHAM CROOKSHIANK, M.D.Lond. " distant," or " constant " use, that there are no scratches or defects in the glass, no bends in the frame, no want of symmetry between the two sides, and that the lenses, whether spherical or cylindrical, are of the prescribed power. I have REPORTS frequently found mistakes in the spherical lenses, due, I sup- ON pose, to the carelessness of the workman. The odium of any MEDICAL AND SURGICAL PRACTICE IN THE *of these defects, which cause inconvenience and trouble to -the patient, recoils, not on the optician but on the surgeon. HOSPITALS AND ASYLUMS OF THE Dublin. E. MAGENNIS, M.D. BRITISH EMPIRE. CASE OF H&RELIP WITH CLEFT NOSE. NO. 17 STATIONARY HOSPITAL MIDDLEBIURG, THE accompanying photograph was taken after death from a TRANSVAAL. child 3 months old, and shows a very curious congenital CASE OF INTUSSUSCEPTION OCCTTRRING AS A COMPLICATION OF deformity. II have not been able to find any record of a ENTERIC FEVER. similar case. Therel was' a 2cleft palate, harelip, and cleft nose. The (Under the care of ALFRED E. ASH, M.B., M.R.C.S., I iCivil Surgeon, attached R.A.M.C.) inasal-defect am inclined to attribute to arrest in the IRREGULARITY in the peristaltic action of the muscular coats of the intestine has Mong been accepted as the immediate cause of intussusception. Various authors have attributed this irregular action to diarrhoea, dysentery, flatulent dys- pepsia, undigested food, polypoid growths in the intestine, severe physical exertion, and other causes. In the ease of a patient convalescing after enteric fever, the prolonged rest in bed and the light dietary to which he has been subjected should tend to render the above mentioned causes of intussusception conspicuous by their absence. On PING PONG TENO-SYNOVITIS the other hand, the dense induration of the wall of the lower ileum in patches of considerable size, which so frequently obtains after severe enteric fever, might be expected to inter- fere with the action of the muscular coats adjacent to such indurated patches. This condition, in conjunction with the A;GENTLEMANaged 30 of heavy build, came'tome a fewdays normal peristaltic movements, might act as a factor in the causation of an intussusception which, corresponding with the seat of the previous ulceration, would occupy the lower ileum, or pass through the ileo-caecal valve. Lieutenant-Colonel Jennings, R.A.M.C. (commanding this hospital) informs me that during his previous experience of ago...ndercomplaining..and of acute painT.osle"in theA. ftlega-nNMBdnI foundcon- enteric fever in India he has seen two necropsies in which ileo-colic intussusception was present. In each case death had followed symptoms simulating those of peritonitis due to the perforation of an enteric ulcer. The following are notes of a similar case in which the existence of enteric perforation appeared to be almost certain. Laparotomy was performed, and ileo-colic intussusception was discovered. Ca8e.-Sergeant C., Royal Scots, aged 25, was admitted on October 4th 1901, to the enteric fever division of the hospital under my medicai aevelopment of the right lateral nasal process, and perhaps charge. tosuof the descending frontal process in the embryo due to History.-After a rather severe attack of enterica the tenmperature be- some in the came normal on the twenty-fifth day of the disease, and remained normal obitruction vascular supply.Tne child lived for until the fortieth day when a relapse of low type set in and continued othree months, and then died of convulsions. until the fifty-seventh Aay, the total duration of the relapse being eighteen Sunderland. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.THOS. A. M.B.Edin...... On the ninth day of this relapse at 5 a.m., after a very good night WATSON, days. the patient was suddenly seized with acute abdominal pain, which passed off in a short time. The pain returned about an hour later; it was less severe than at first, but became continuous. Some bile and mucus was PIN(i-PONG TENO-SYNOVITIS. vomited. At g a.m. the pain was very seVere. The tendency to vomit A GENTLEMAN, aged3t, of heavy build came to me a few days was almost constant. The pulse rose to 125 per minute. much wain in theieft I found con- State on Examination.-The expression of the patient was drawn and .ago complainvle leg. anxious: perspiration was profuse. The abdomen was not distended, -siderable edema of the lower third of the limb, obshuring the the abdominal muscles were rigidly contracted, producing a board-like danterior border of the tibia. The swelling was tender and condition of the walls. The pain was referred by the patient to the reddened, and the pain and general disturbance so as umbilical and epigastric regions. Pain on palpation was most marked in great tlle umbilical region. Deep palpation was absolutely impossible. I to suggest the possibility of an acute osteomyelitis. diagnosed the case as one of peritonitis due to the perforation of an The patient was put to bed and appropriate remedies em- enteric ulcer. The general condition of the patient being good, it .ployed. Thenext day the oedemai ad in great part subsided appeared to be a suitable case for operatioB. Colonel Jennlngs kindly ,and was saw the case at once in conisultation, and agreed as to the diagnosis and it obvious from the creaking and crackling sensations the indicat,ions for surgical treatment. ,on examination that thei-e was acute teno-synovitis, in con- Having decided to operate one-third of a grain of morphine was given nexion mainly with the tibialis anticus. at once. Preparations for the operation were made in an adjacent empty The attributed his condition to his avocation E.P. tent, into whiclh the patient was removed. patient daily Operation.-Chloroform was administered at TI.30 a.m., about six hours -which involves much walking, but incidentally another and and a-lhalf after the first onset of sytmiptoms. When the abdominal walls -more material circumstance was elicited-that he had been had become relaxed under the influence of the anaesthetic, a slight but devoting his evenings with much ardour to "1 ping pong," and distinct fullness of the right inguinal region was evident. The tumour was apparently spherical, firm on palpation, and dull on percussion. I had, moreover, played the game wearing his usual stiff opened the abdomen by oblique right inguinal incision. On opening the buttoned boots. The pastime in question appears to necessi- peritoneum it was at once obvious that it was a case of ileo-colic intussus- Uate many sudden alterations in position, while at the ception, the lower portion of the ileum passing through the ileo-caecal r rm AND COLGES. LTTMCcATNJou 1125 MAY .113, 19012.1F . UJNIVERSITIES C M with honours, thesis: The Leucocytosis of Variola with a Study of the ikaematopoietic Organs in the Disease, and also of the Lesions of the UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES, Skin; John Knight, M.B., C.M., thesis: Small-pox: its Diagnosis and Public Health Administration; Dugald Campbell Watt, M B G.M., thesis: UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Variola as it affects the Native Races of SouthAfrica, with aaiscussion on 'THE following is the official list of passes at the recent professional the Existence of Amaas or Kaffir Pox. .examinations for degrees in Medicine and Surgery: Among the University prizes presented was a Bellahouston Gold Medal Fir8t Professional Ezamination.-Mukhtar Ahmed, B.A., R. G. A. Bagnall, for eminent merit in thesis forM.D., awarded to David Louis Cairns, M.D. E. H. Black, C. E. Blair, G. Blair, I. W. Brebner, S. T. Champtaloup In connexion with the graduation ceremony a conver8ozione was held (with distinction), W. I. M. Clark, Agnes M. Cowan, F. S. Cumming, at the University in the evening. This is the first occasion on which such R. B. Davidson, A. M. Dick, M. G. Dill, A. M. Drennan (with dis- a function has been held. About x,6oo invitations were issued in the *tinction), R. Duncan, J. Dundas, E. W. Dyer S. D)ykes, Mary joint name of the Court and the Senate, and were sent to the graduates of iFinlayson, C. N. Finn, M. S. Fraser, W. G. Frohlich, G. F. Gallagher, zgoo.r and 1901-2, also to the members of Council who were registered in W. J. Geale, L. Gibson, G. A. Gordon, M. C. R. Grahame, J. Green, 1882 and I883, and to the subscribers to the University Equipment Fund. .J. C. Grieve, G. F. Grogan, G. Guunn, Mary D. Hancock, A. J. Harper, To future functions of the same kind it is intended to invite the former A. S. Hendrie, H. S. A. Hogg, F. 0. Inglis, R. F. Johnson, H. C. graduates of the University in rotation. There was a large and interest- -Johnston, W. L. Johnston, R. Lloyd Jones, A. M'Donald, D. F. ing gathering at the convermazione, many graduates having come from a Mackenzie, J. B. Mackenzhe, I. R. Macleod, G. M'Mullan A. C. distance. M-Murtrie, W. J. MacNab, A. S. Mactavish, J. N. M'Turk, i. Mann, G. M. Melville, H. Millar, F. C. Mills, B.A., J. Morris Janet M. Orwin, UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM. Murray, J. K. Murray, R. H. Nolan, Ethel A. Olchard, Y. S. GRADUATION CEREMONY. A. S. Paterson, H. B. Porteous, C. A. Purnell, G. Y. Richardson, UNTIL within the last four or filve years Convocation of ithe University W. H. Riddell, W. R. Ridley, W. G. Rivers, R. M. Robb, W. G. was always held in Durham; but, owing to the increasing importance of Robertson, F. Ross, A. Sandison, J. Scott, T. H. Scott, H. L. Sells, the Faculties of Medicine and Science, the privilege of holding each year H. G. Smith, A. G. V. van Someren, H. V. Taylor, W. A. A. Taylor, one of the important biennial Convocations was conceded to Newcastle- J. A. R. Thompson, Annie D. Urquhart, V. S. Valiathan, B.A., upon-Tyne. So far, Medicine and Science P. Vickerman, R. H. Walton, A. Wight, W. E. R. Williams, J. T. D. therefore, as the Faculties of are concerned, Convocation is held once a year in Durham, and once in Young. Newcastle, the Colleges of Medicine and Science sharing the honour Second Professional Examination.-R. G. W. Adams, E. A. Aylward, J. alternately. On Saturday April 26th a large and brilliant gathering of H. Babington J M. Barkley, R. B Barnetson, B. Baty, W. P. professors, lecturers, graduates, students, and friends assembled in the Beattie, D. Bell, L. H. I. Bell, A. R. Berrie, J. M. Beyers, A. S. L. largehall of the Biggart, F. T. Bowerbank, D. Brown (with distinction), T. E. Car- College of Medicine to witness theimportantceremony of lyle, V. T. the conferring of degrees. There was the usual in Carruthers, Mildred M. L. Cathels J. W. Cathles, G. 5- pleasantry indulged by Clark, M.A. A. G. the students. The Rev. Dean Kitchin, as Warden of the Coullie, J. Craw, W. B. Cullen, G Cunningham, presided. University, 3. M. Darling, J. R. Dobbin, C. E. Durmanoire, T. The honorary degree of D.C.L. was conferred upon two distinguished Easton, N. C. Fischer J. M. R. Flamet, N. C. Forsyth, R. Fother members of the medical profession-Sir William Selby Church, Bart., gill, L. Fourie, A. Fraser, W. J. Fraser, L. Gavin, N. J. H- M.D., President of the Royal College of Physicians, London; and ThoiVas Gavin, M. Gillespie, A. G. Glass, M.A.; W. Godfrey, J. M. Graham. Annandale, Professor of in the of W. W. Greer, J. Grieve, P. A. Harry, E. Henderson, M.A. (with dis. Surgery University Edinburgh. K. In presenting Sir William Selby Church to the Warden and Subwardens, tinction); A. W. Hogg, J. S. Hogg, R. B. Hole G. S. lHusband, Sir George Hare Philipson said: "I have the honour to present Sir U. A. Inniss. Ada Jackson, W. Jarvis, S. A. lohnston, J. H. H, J, William Selby Church, Baronet, the President of the Royal College of Joubert, J. Kirk, G. F. S. Landok, S. W. S. Leary, A. J. Lewis, Physicians of London to be the of the of Civil Ljochhead, M.A. (with distinction); J. B. Lockerbie, A. D. M'Callum- recipient Honorary Degree Mac, Law. This distinguished physician and scientist is a graduate in Arts J. MacDonald, J. P. M'Gowan, M.A.; H. R. Macintyre, R. J. and in Medicine of the a Doctor of the Uni- kessack, Amy M. Mackintosh, D. P. Marais, Aimde E. Mills, M.A., University of Oxford, of Laws S. versity of Glasgow honoKri cauusd, and an Honorary Doctor of Science of the B.Sc.; L. Milne, T. B. Mouat, W. M. Mumby, D. S. Murray, C. Victoria University. He is the Senior Physician ahd Lecturer in Clinical O'Flaherty, A. Oliver, C. D. O'Neal, E. G. S. Orbell, G. Ormrod, Medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London; Honorary Fellow of Florence M. S. Price, H. S. Reid, Margaret H. Robertson, Shiela M. R. University College, Oxford; Fellow and Treasurer of the Royal Medical Ross, C. S.Ryles, F. Sinton, L. H. Skene, C. J. Smith, G. M. C. and Chirurgical Society of London, a member of the London Pathological Smith, W. A. W. Smith, A. L. van Someren, P. Steele, H. A. Society, also of the Clinical Society of London, and of several other learned Stewart, A. C. 8train, K. A. M. Stuart, Annie F. Theobalds, H, societies. Formerly he was Lees Reader in Anatomy at Christ Church. M. Thompson, Rose C. Townend, G. H. Usher, F. L. de Verteuil,R. Oxford, and the representative of theTUniversity of Oxford in the General W. L. Wallace. D. C. Welsh, D. P. D. Wilkie, F. A. Wille, W. B. Medical Council. He has rendered valuable services to the Wishart, C. H. Wright, Margaret C. Young. State,having Ander- served on twoRoyal Commissions-namely, the South African Commission 2'hird Professional Examination.-R. T. G. Aickin, D. Alison,J. A. and the Arsenical Poisoning Commission. He has enriched medical son. W. W. Anderson, F. L. Atkinson, Agnes Balfour, C. M. Begg, literature by several important and valuable contributions. By patri- A. W. Beveridge, T. C. Blackwell, J. Brennan, Edith C. Brown,J. E. mony, maternal, and uxorial ties he is connected with the county of M. Brown, G. L. Brunton, A. Buchanan, H. Caird, T. P. Caverhill, Northumberland, and we welcome him in this threefold association. For R. A. Chambers (with distinction), KatherineJ. Clark, Elizabeth thesereasons the'University is desirous of conferring upon Sir William L. Colby, C. H. Craig,R. W. C raig, C. S. Crichton, D. M'K. Crooks, Selby Church its highest distinction-that of Doctor of Civil Law, and of D. H. Croom, F. D. Crosthwaite, W. B. A. K. Cullen, A. Dangerfield, doing honour to W. H. D. E. itself by enrolling himin its list of honorary members." J. M. Darling, H. S. Davidson, J. Davidson, Davidson, Inpresenting Professor Annandale, Professor Page said:'i I present to Derry, A. C. Devereux, J. M. Dewar, J. Donaldson, M.A.; A. M. you for the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law the Regius Professor Dryden (with distinction), Alice M. Ebden, G.J. Farie, J. Findlay, of Clinical Surgery in the University of Edinburgh, Thomas Annandale. H. N. Fletcher, J. Fortune, C. R. Gibson (with distinction), F. R. Born in Newcastle-on-Tyne, the son of an eminent surgeon, he com- (Gibson, J. D. Giles, J. Girdwood, J. M. Glasse, A. Gray, M.A.; menced his professional career in this School of Medicine. In the year Elizabeth C. Gunn, A. Mabel Gurney. A. A. Hall, M.A.; C. R. F. x86o. the degree of M.D. was conferred upon him by the University of Hartley (with distinction), G. W. Harty, G. Henderson, A, E. John- Edinburgh, and at the same time he received the gold medal for a thesis Hodgson, A.F. Hughes, J. P. P. Inglis,J. M. Johnston,R. W. on the surgical diseases of the hip-joint. He is a Fellow of the Royal stone, J. H. Jones, 3. H. Kay, J. W. Keay, I. C. Keir, E. A. King,J. Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and of England,,Fellow of the Royal M. Kirkness, L. A. H. Lack, F. T. C. Linton, M.A.; C. D. Lochrane, Sciety.Edinburgh, and Surgeon-General in His Majesty's of isabella Logie, J. M. Lovett, A. Lundie, H. MacCormac, J. R. Bodyguardl T. Royal Scottish Archers. A voluminous writer, heis the author of the M'Gregor, D. Mackay, A. MacKenzie, Violet C. M'Laren, Jacksonian Prize Essay of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and N. D. Mackay, W. MacLaren, J. J. M'Milien, J. B. M'Neill, of numerous other valuable contributions to surgicalliterature On more I. M.: Macrae. H. C. Martin, R. H. Martin, P. W. Mason, than one occasion he has acted as Extern Examiner In Clinical Surgery A. G. M. Middleton, A. S. Millard, G. H. S. Milln, W. S. Milne, in the University of Durhamn. He is one of the best kAQown and ,C. R. P. Mitchell, G. I. Moriarty, C. H. Muller. H. L. Munro, teachers in Great Britain. There is hardly a corner surteensof Kiag's D. M'K. Newton (with distinction), T. Nicol. W. H. Nutt, D. D. dominions in which a pupil is not to be found practistpgththieprincip[es Paton, M.A.: T. Peebles, J. A. Pottinger, J. L. Pringle, W. L. which Thomas has and so his Pritchard, W.Readman, Eva A. W. S. Robertson, Amy Annancdale taught, taught well, during long Robertson, J useful, aDd brilliant career. Robinson, L. C. Robinson, J. A. Ross, Mabel Ross, A. Roux, N.C. Eight graduates in medicine were promoted to the Doctorate OD fheir Rutherford, D. G. A. Scott, D. J. Scott,J. E. Scott, M.A.; W. M. theses and upon fourteen practitioners of fifteen years' standing the de- Selby, G. H. Skinner, J.H. Smith,8 W. Smith, E. W. Smyth, Eva M. gree ol Doctor of Medicine was conferred after examinatiop. Tvwogentle- Snowball, Effie Stuart, J. Tait, J. E. Taylor, T. T. Thomson, G. C. men received the Mastership in Sprgery-J. W. Leech lnd . Richards. Trotter. A. Turpin R. Veitch, J. A. L. Wallace, W.R. S. Watkins, As Mr. Leech is one of the Assistant of th 'NewcastieWI. Royal In- G.J. Wentzel, L. West, R. M. M White, C. H. Wright, B.A.; W. D. his Surgeons Young. firmary, popularity with the students and hiissuccessaa a teacher Wright (with distinction), G. W. were evidenced by the heartiness of the ovation he repelved. Among 7hird Professional Examination (New Regulations,, Pathology only) .-S. nineteen Bachelors of Medicine and of Surgerywere two ladies. Four'the Burns, M.A. gentlemen received the Diploma inPublic Health. UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. THIRD EXAMINATIONFOR T DEGREE OF BACHEkOR IN MNDICINB.- GRADUATION CEREMONY. The followiDg candidateshave satisfied the Examiners: THE classes in the medical and other faculties resumed work for Honours-SecondClaes&- . Bigg, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., St.fBartholomew's summer session on Wednesday. April2lrd. Hospital. On the previous day the usual Spring Graduation Ceremony took place Passl8st.-F.D.Atkns,St.Thomas's Hospital'P. G, Armstrong, College was a large of in the Bu Hall Principal Story presiding. There Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne:J. A.Bell, St. BarthoioniEw's ance of students and their friends, and the proceedings were of the Hospital: H. L. Currie, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; lively chasacter. Amongst the honorary degrees conferred may be men- Margaret Douglas French, Londo6 Scbool of Medicine for Women; to W. 1ioned that of LL.D., which was given in absentid Professor Gibbons. College of Mediclne,, Newcastleupon-Tne A. H. lBrouardel, the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine in the University Heslop, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne W. HRaxrd.'St. Paris, and President of the Comltdd Hygibne de France. Thomas's Hospital; T. C. Hunter, College of Medicine, Newcastle- The following were capped M.D.: Alexander Robert:Ferguson, M.B., upon-Tyne; W., Hughes,;di9ibur,94 S)ool, oc ,MFigine; 1126 I1 aDICA.L,T1z BRiTnaJOU.mNALJ1 UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES. LmAT- 3, 1902.

W. H. Peacock, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; College at the Medical Congress to be held at Cairo in December next; W. H. Phillips, B.Sc., Collele of Medicine, Newcastle-upon- Dr. J. F. Paynue, the Harveian Librarian, to represent the College at the Tyne; D. M. Ross St. Thomass Hospital; Mary Raw, College of Tercentenary of tbe Bodleian Library at Oxford; and as a Committee to. Medicine, Newcasile-upon-Tyne; Constance Charlotte Robertson, make arrangements for the Fellows and Members to view the Royal pro- College of Medicine, Newcaste-upon-Tyne; D. R. Roberts, College cession pass the College on June 27th, the College Officers, together with of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; F. Stoker, College of Medicine, Dr. Theodore Williams, Dr. Allchin, and Dr. Oswald Browne. Newcastle-upon-Tyne; A. Smith, College of sledicine, Newcastle- Communications. upon-Tyne; T. Y. Simpson, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., London Hospital; Communications were received from (I) the Secretary of the College of J. M. Shaw, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; 0. B. Surgeons, reporting of the Council on ioth; Travers, W. F. Wilson, College of Medicine, New- certain proceedings April (2s Guy's Hospital; the General Medical Council, submitting certain questions with respect to. castle-upon-Tyne. the courses of study in chemistry, physics, and biology required of can- SECOND EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR IN MEDICINE.- didates for the conjoint diplomas, and announcing that the examinations The following candidates have satisfied the Examiners in the subjects of the Colleges in those subjects will be visited and reported on for the undernoted: Council during the present Anatomy, Physiology, and Materia Medica.-Honours-Second Class: year. Olga Sch ele, London School of Medicine for Women: E. Young, Licentiates and the Degree of M.D. St. Mary's Hospital: R. I. Douglas, St. Bartholomew's Hospital. After a discussion in which Dr. F. J. Smith, Dr. Dawson Williams, Dr. Pass List: R. Bigg, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., St. Bartholomew's Hospital; Norman Moore, Dr. Allchin, Dr. Payne and the President, took part, leave G. N. Biggs, St. Thomas's Hospital; D. T. Birt, College of Medicine, was given to Dr. Smith to present to the College at a future date a petition Newcastie-upon-Tyne; W. H. H. Croudace, College of Medicine, froni an Association of Licentiates of the College and of Members of Newcastle-upon-Tyne; J. Galloway, College of Medicine, Newcastle- the Royal College of Burgeons, with reference to the question whether upon-Tyne; J. H. Lewars, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon- any means could be found by which in virtue of their diploma they Tyne; H. L. Noel-Cox, St. Thomas's Hospital; R. B. Reed, College could become eligible for the degree of M.D. of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; A. B. Raffle, College of Medi- Institutions. cine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; R. J. Wiilan, College of Medicine, Recognitton of N On the recommendation of the Committee of Management, the Munici- ewcastle-upon-Tyne. pal Science and Art Institute, which has been visited and re- FIRST EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR IN MEDiCIsE.-The Walsall, under- ported on as fulfilling entirely the requirements of the Examining Board, following candidates have satisfied the Examiners in the subjects was added to the list of institutions recognized by-the Board for instruc- noted: tion in and the Elementary Anatomy and Biology Chemistry and Physics.-Honours- chemistry, Physics, and practical chemistry, instruction Newcastle-upon- in lunacy given by Dr. T. Claye Shaw at St. Luke's Hospital, was recog- First Class: W. Fairclough, tollege of Medicine, nized as fulfilling the conditions of Clause xo, Section I, of the regula- Tyne. Honours-Second Class: 0. Shields, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., St. tions of Mary's Hospital. Pass List: 0. Arnott, College of Medicine, New- the Examining Board. castle-upon Tyne; F. R. H. Laverick, College of Medicine, New- Restoration of Membership. castle-upon-Tyne; R. J. Weidner, College of Medicine, Newcastle- An application from Dr. William Wallis Ord, praying that'the Member. upon-Tyne. ship which he resigned in June, 1896, might be restored to him, was con- El:mentary Anatomy and Biology.-V. E. Badcock, College of Medicine, sidered and granted. Newcastle-upon-Tyne; G. E. P. Davis, College of Medicine, New- Laboratories. castle-upon-Tyne; W. Denham, College of Medicine, Newcastle- A report of the Laboratories Committee dated March 7th, 1902, was re- upon-Tvne: H. Denham, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon- ceived and adopted.-(a) The superintendent of the Bacteriological Tyne; G. Denholm. College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Department had reported that during the preceding two mQnths 8,45G had N. A. Eddlestone, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; A. doses of diphtheria antitoxin, each containing 3,000 units, been sup- Finlay, London Hospital; A. C. H. McCullagh College of Medicine, plied to the hospitals of the Metropolitan Asylums Board making a total Newcastle-upon-Tyne; G. Pybus. College of Medicine, Newcastle- of 25,50o,oo0 units. (b) During the quarter further batohes of antitoxin on-Tyne; W. Rollin, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; supplied by Messrs. Parke, Davis. and Co. had been tested in the labora- Swayne, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; L. L. tory, and a certificate granted showing its strength sterilty, and freedom Westrope,.W. College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; J. B. William- from excess of antiseptic. Upon the recommendabion of the Committee son College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; T. L. Wormald, Dr. T. Grigor Brodie was reappointed as Director of the Laboratories for Coliege of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; F. Whitby, St. Bar- another year. tholomewes Hospital. Ch mistry and Physics-Helen Young Campbell, London School of CONJOINT BOARD IN SCOTLAND. Medicine for Women; H. Drummond, College of Mediaine, New- THE following candidates have passed the examinations of the Board as castle-upon-Tyne; Camilla Lucy Hecrath. London School of Medi- under: cine for Women; Florence Barrie Lambert, Edinburgh Medical First Examination (Five-Years Course).-F. M. Murray, F. B. Elwood, A. School; A. A. Miller, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Guy's Hospital; Jessie F. Garrand, J. W. N. Roberts, F. J. Breakell, E. A. S. Shaw, E. F. Margaret Murray, London School of Medicine for Women; S. L. Nyhan. McBean, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; G. Spencer, First Examination (Four-Years Course).-J. S. Farries, A. Jack, G. M. M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., London Hospital. McLeod. Elementary Anatomy -Lillie .lohnson, B.Sc., College of Medicine, New- Second Examination (Five-Years Course).-G. Hart, C. Shaves, A. F. castle-upon-Tyne; J. C. Pearce, A.Sc., College of Medicine, New- Spinks, A. R. M'I. Macllraith, W. W. Dempster, S. R. Scott, E. E. castle-upon-Tyne Murphy, E. M. Franklin, F. W. March. Second Examinalion (Four-Years Course).-A. Ardill, J. E. Mullan. UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN. Third Examination.-A. Allan (with distinction), R. S. Walker, R. N. Term, in the Macdonald, W. R. A. Coates, H. Armstrong, J. B. L. S. Scott, D. W. AT the First Summer Commencements in Trinity held Purkis, Lizzie Denny, W. D. Cockburn. on of Master in Theatre of Trinity College Friday, April xlth. the degree Final Examination.-H. L. Jones T. W. M'Cubbin, W. Thomson, E. N. Surgery was conferred by the University Caput in presence of the Senate L. de V. Dawson, H. Solomon, S. G. D. Maclaine, C. V. Craster, W. on Mr. Richard Smith (in absentid). H. Duncan, H. Williams, T. A. Welch, P. Carroll. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON. Pre- CONJOINT BOARD IN IRELAND. AT the ordinary quarterly comitia held on Thursday, April 24th, the PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION.-Candidates have passed this examinatioD S. the chair. sident, Sir William Church, in as undernoted: Election of Fellows. B. Bassett, W. I Berne P. Blake, F. G. Blood-Smytb, T A. Buchanan, P. I. T. B. Fole H. D. Gilmore, W. were H. Cleary, I. D'Aiton, Fitzgerald, The following members elected to the Fellowship of the College: J. G. D. McC. C. Maudsley, M.D.Lond., W. C Wilkinson, M.D.Lond., F. M. Pope, M.D. Kennealy W Owens. C. W. C. Robinson, P. Shepherd, Camb., E. Malins, M.D.Edin., W. A Wills, M.D.Lond., T. H. A. Chaplin, Smith, I. F. Walsh, A. E. Weinstock. W. P. May, M.D.Lond., A. G. Phear, M.D.Camb., G. F. FIRST PROFESSIONAL EXAMINArON.-Candidates have passed,this ex- M.D.Camb., Blacker, amination as undernoted: J. Fawcett, M.D.Lond., H. C. Thomson, M.D.Lond., A. S. F. M.D.Lond., Honours (in order of merit).-I. I. Hogan, L. Lucas, T. P. Byrne, M. I. Grunbaum, M.D.Camb., J. Barr, M.D.Glasg., J. J. Perkins, M.B.Camb. Coyne. Admission of In all Subiects.-A. Hipwell, P. F. J. Leyland, R. Martin, E. P. Punch, Members. P. J. Rooney. The following gentlemen having passed the required examination were Completed the Examination.-B. N. Blood, C. Gordon, E. I. Higgins, R. V. admitted Members of the College: J. S. Bolton, M.D.Lond., W. P. S. Bran- Murphy, son, B.A., M.B.Camb., G. G. Gifford, L.R C.P., C. H. Melland, M.D.Lond., N. E. Sampey. C.P., S. V. Pearson, M B.Camb.. E. F. Potter, L.R B.A., tM.D.Brux., OF IN IRELAND. L.R.C.P., W. H. M. Telling, M.D.Lond., L.R.C.P. ROYAL COLLEGE SURGEONS Election of Examiners.-Notice Is given that a meeting of Fellows will be- Licences Granted. held on May 6th, pursuant to the provision of the supplemental charter, to witness the election of examiners. with the exception of the ex- Licences to practise physic were granted to 123 gentlemen. Of these, All, 7 aminers in subjects of general must be of the College. were under the four years curriculum andI only under the old regula- education, rellows to The notice paper contains the statement that "persons engaged in private tions prior 1884. teaching are to be examiners." The Murchison Scholarship. not eligible The report of the examiners for the Murchison Scholarship recommend- ing that no award be made was received and adopted. SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES OF LONDON. PASS LIST, April. xgo.-The folowing candidates passed in: Date of Croonian Lectures. buwgerv.-W. Ball (Section I), Westminster Hospital; B. M. Dunstan The President'announced that the CrooGiian Lectures to be delivered (Section I), St. Thomas's Hospital; J. W. Elliott (Section II), St. by Dr. J. W. Washbourn had been postponed until November. Mary's Hospital; A. F. Heald (Sections I and II), Cambridge; A. Holiroyde, Leeds; E. A. Houchin, Middlesex Hospital: W. St. A. F. Nominations. Hubbard (Section II), Charing Cross Hospital; G. R. Lucas, Edi n- The President~ made the following nominations, which were approved burgb. and Charing Cross Hospital; S. A. Rowley, Bristol: T. by the College, namely: Sir R. Doouglas Powell, Bart., to represent the Scatehard, (Section I), Leeds; P.Bouthan (Sections I and II), West7- MAY 3, 1902.] OBITUARY. [.iowm& 1127 minster Hospital; J. A. W. Webster (Section I), St. Mary's Hos- President Obstetrical Section R.A.M.Ireland, pital. M.A.O.R.U.I., Me4difne.-A. H Bell, Cork and Guiy's Hospital: G. F. G. de Laubenque, and Vice-President British Gynaecological Society. He was Middlesex Hospital; A. Holroyde, Leeds; E. A. Houchin, Middle- President of the Obstetrical Section at the annual meeting of sex Hospital: T. G. Miles (Sections I and II). Guy's Hospital - 0. the British Medical Association in Glasgow (i888). He was a Millauro (Seetion II), Westminster Hospital: G. Roper, Cambridge- C. J. Taylor ((Sections I and 1I), Bristol; H. C. S. Woodward, St. J.P. for the Counties of Kildare and Carlow. Thomas's Hospital. Dr. More Madden belonged to that class of men who can be Forensic Medicine.-G. F. G. de Laubenque, Middlesex Mospital; A. kindly and courteous to all, but who make and retain both Holroyde, Leeds; T. Scatchard, Leeds; C. S. Scott. St. Bartholomew's lasting friendships and enmities. He had the Hospital; C. J. Taylor, Bristol; W. H. Tomlinson, Manchester. warm-hearted mdw(fe~y.-G. R. Hannon. King's College Hospital; E. A. Houchin, Irish temperament which is not tied down by exact rules or Middlesex Hospital; W. St. A. F. Hubbard, Charing Cross Hospital; fear of criticism, and his devotion to his work led him to place A. H. Hughes, Bristol; P. C. W. Laws, St. George's Hospital; C. H. money-making in a very secondary position in comparison to Osmond, Glasgow; A. L. Walters. St Thomas's Hospital. The diploma of the Society was granted to A. H. Bell, A. Holroyde, the good that he might do. W. St A. F. Hubbard, G. R. Lucas, and P. Southan. INSPECTOR-GENERAL ALEXANDER WATSON, M.D., R.N. WE regret to announce the death of Inspector-General Watson OBITUARY. at Liverpool on April 17th. He was a native of the North of Ireland, but graduated at Edinburgh in 1847. He entered the THOMAS MORE MADDEN, M.R.(.P.I., F.R.C.S.EDIN., medical service of the Royal Navy in the followiing year. As M.R.C.S.Eng., Surgeon (to use the present titles) of H.M.S. Highf4yer, he was Obstetrical Physician, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin. mentioned in dispatches for services rendered during the THE death of Dr. Thomas More Madden, which took place at outbreak of cholera in the fleet at Varna, in the early days of his country residence in the County Wicklow on Aprll 14th, the Crimean war; subsequently he was present at the prin- was not unexpected, as he had received about a year ago while cipal naval operations in the Black Sea, including the bom- yachting a severe blow on the head, as aresult of which bardments of Sebastopol and the capture of Kertch. He re- cerebral symptoms developed, with the result that his prac- ceived the Crimean and Turkish medals, with the Sebastopol tice had to be abandoned, and his professional residence in clasp. He was promoted Staff Surgeon in I855, and was ap- Merrion Square, Dublin, given up finally; months of illness pointed as an additional medical officer to the flagship of the were passed in his home in Wicklow. By his death one of Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean station. the most prominent figures in Irish medieine in the present As StaffSurgeon of H.M. screw sloop Cormorant, Commander day was removed, for although Dr. More Madden had not at- Thomas Saumarez, in I858, he took part in the capture of the tained to the Fellowship of either the Kioyal College of Physi- Peiho forts; the Cormorant led the way up the river, bursting cians or the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland he was such through the stout *bamboo boom defence, and drawing a a constant contributor to gynaecological literature and a man heavy fire from the northern forts, which she subsequently of such strong convictions that his personality brought him silenced. After the capture of these forts, Lord Elgin pro- continually into public notice. ceeded up the river to Tien-tsin, and there signed the oft- He was born 64 years ago in Cuba, where his father at the quoted Tien-tsin Treaty. In the following year, when Sir time represented British interests at the International Con- Frederick Bruce, K.C.B., arrived off the Peiho forts to proceed gress for the abolition of the slave trade. The atmosphere in up the river to Tien-tain for the ratification of the treaty, the which he spent his early days, filled as it was with language Chinese refused a passage. Rear-Admiral James Hope, C.B., that made for freedom, left an abiding influence upon young with a flotilla of small vessels, including the Cormorant, then Madden which could be traced in the independence of his endeavoured to recapture the forts; they had, however, been after-life. He began his medical studies in Dublin, but greatly strengthened, while the river was obstructed by for- bad health sent him abroad immediately after he midable stakes. Our naval attack suffered a serious repulse, obtained his first qualification in 1859, that of L.F.P.S.Glasg. the Cormorant and two other vessels were sunk by the fire of The following three years found him mingling a the Chinese, and over one-third of the force of some I,200 search for health with studies at Montpellier and Malaga. He officers and men were killed or wounded; Dr. Watson was travelled through Spain, Northern Africa, and even visited among the latter. He received the China medal, Taku clasp. Australia. In i868 he settled down in Dublin to the practice On recovering from his wound he was placed in charge of the of midwifery and gynaecology; he became Assistant Master to seriously wounded, and accompanied them to England. the Rotunda Lying-in Hospital and at the end of his term of In i886, as Staff Surgeon of the Commodore's ship he pro- office he was elected Obstetrical Physician to the Mater ceeded to Australia, and in that colony made several lifelong Misericordiae Hospital-a position which he held until his friends. He was present when the attempt was made to death. In I87I he organized an Irish ambulance company, assassinate H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh near Sydney, and gave his services to the French Republic during the N.S.W., in i868, and remained in attendance on the Duke Franco-Prussian War. For this he received the bronze cross. until his recovery; the pistol-shot had been deflected by a In I872 he was an honorary president of the first International rib and thus a fatal result avoided. He was promoted to the Congress of Obstetrics and (iynaecology at Brussels. Previous rank of Fleet Surgeon for this service, and appointed Medical to this he had been appointed examiner in midwifery in the Officer of the Duke's ship, the Galatea, early in I869. He re- old Queen's University in Ireland. His pen began about this mained with him until the ship's return to England two years time to show signs of that productive quality which later on later. became so manifest. In I87I he was editor of Dublin Practice In 1875 Dr. Watson was specially selected for appointment ofMidwsfery, in I874 he wrote On Change of Climate, in 1875 as Fleet Surgeon of H.M. Indian troopship Serapis, in which On the Spas of Germany, France, and Italy. Then numerous vessel His Majesty the King, when Prince of Wales, pro- appeared from time to time in the BRIqTH MEDICAL ceeded to and returned from India. He was promoted to yapersOURNAL, the Dublin Medical Journal, and other periodicals. the rank of Deputy Inspector-General in 1878, and appointed He wrote also several of the articles in Quain's Dictionary of to Haslar Hospital in the following year. He remained Medicine, and altogether the contributions to medical litera- there, in charge of a surgical division, until his retirement ture from this industrious author are much too numerous to in i881 with the honorary rank of Inspector-General of mention in the space at our disposal. Hospitals and Fleets. Dr. More Madden was Consulting Physician for a long Dr. Watson was a [most courteous,'"genial, kind-hearted term of years to the Temple Street HospitaTfor Sick Children. officer, ever popular with his shipmates and with his In the diseases of children he took a great interest, and he patients; after his retirement he lived in London, a well- entertained and frequently expressed strong views on the known member of the Army and Navy Club. His rooms neglect of mental culture in children, and the effects pro- were much frequented by former shipmates and friends, ever duced in their bodies by the foolish and indiscriminate ad- sure of a kindly and hospitable welcome. He was always ready ministration of alcohol. to assist the necessitous. It was a surprise to many naval He received many recognitions of his work from learned officers familiar with Dr. Watson's services that he received bodies and medical societies. He was M.D.Texas (hon. cau8sa), no special recognition of them from the Admiralty. Toe [MAY 3, I I30 MEDICALIBRITIsHJOUILNALJ1 MEDICAL NEWS. 1902. BURY ST. EDMUNDS: SUFFOLK GENERAL HOSPITAL.-House-Surgeon. Salary, £100 per with board, lodging, ant washing. Applications to the Secretary by MAY 0th.annum, MEDICAL NEWS. CAMBERWELL: PARISH OF ST. GILES.-Locum Tenens at the Constance Rnad Workhouse. Remuneration. U4 49. per week with board and residenoe. Appli- VACCINATION.-Mr. C. Martin Mitchell of Em- catiens, on forms provided, to be sent to the Clerk to the Guardians, 29, Peckham SUCCESSFUL Road, S.B. pingham, Rutland, has received the Government award for CAMBRIDOS: ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL.-SecondAssistant Physician. Applica- successful vaccination in his district. tions to the becretary by June 7th. CANCER HOSPITAL, Fulham Road, S.W.-Junior House-Surgeon. Salary at the rate THE annual general meeting of the London and Counties of £70 per annum, with board and residence. Applioations to the Seoretary by offices, May 11th. Medical Protection Society, Limited, will be held at the OiIELSB& HOSPITAL FOR WOXBN, Fulham Road, S.W.-Registrar. Honorarium, 31, Craven Street, Strand, on Thursday, May 8th, at 4.30p.m., 20 guineas per annum. Applications to the Seretary by May l0.h. DEVONPORT: ROYAL ALBE&T HOPiTAL.-Resident Medioal Offioer- nnmaried, when the annual report and balance sheet will be considered, under 32 years of age. Salary, 1.10 per annum. with board and lodgiRig. Applica- for the ensuing year elected. tions on forms provided, to be addressed to the Chairman of the Seleotion Committee and the officers by May 80th. meeting and May dinner of the Aberdeen DUDLEY: GUEST HOSPITAL.-Aetant Honse 5urgeon. Appointment for six THE annual months. Salary at the rate of £40 per annum, with residenoe, board, and washing University Club, London. will be held at the Trocadero Applioations to the Secretary by Kay 8th. when the DURHAlM COUNTY ASYLUM. Winterton, Perrybhll.-Juntor Assistant Medial Offioer. Restaurant, London, W., on Wednesday, May 2Ist, salary commences at £180 per annum. rising to £180, with apartments, board, thair will be taken by Sir John Anderson, K.C.M.G., at laundry, and attendance. Applications to the Kedioal Superintendent. 7 p.m. Communications may be addressed to Dr. James BAST LONDON HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN, SbadwelL-Offloer for the Bleotrioal Department. Applications to the Secretary by May 17th. Galloway, 54, Harley Street, London, W. GRESNW1CH UNION INFIRM&1RY.-Second Assistant Medical Offier unmarrnetd. Salary, X100 per annum, with board, lodging, washing, attendanoe, and A8 per annum ROYAL NATIONAL PENSION FUND FOR NURSES.-At the in lieu of beer. Applications, on forms provided. to be snwt to the Clerk to the Fund recently held it was stated that Guardians. Union Offices, Greenwich, S.E., by May 8th. annual meeting of this GUY'S HOSPITAL DENTAL SCHOOL.-7ravelling Scholarship of the value of £180. during the past year a larger number of policies had been Applications to the Dean, Guy's Hospital, S.E., by Junelst. issued and a larger number of pensions had fallen due than HOSPITAL FOR DISBABES OF THE THROAT, Golden Square, W.-Senior Clinical pay Assistant. Applications to the Secretary-Superintendent by May l0th. in any previous year. The amount distributed in sick KING'S NORTON AND NORTHFIELD UERBAN DISTRICT OOUNClIL-Medioal had been over the working expenses had remained Offloer of Health and Medical Superintendent of the Infections Diseases Bcespitl. £i,633; Salary, £500 per annum. Applications endorsed " Mlecical Offloor of Healtb." to stationary at 3a per cent.; and the total funds had increased be sent to the Clerk to the Coonoil, 10, lewhall Street, Birmingham, by May 21st. during the year from £576,384 to£678,725. LIVERPOOL: DAVID LEWIS NORTHERN HOSPlTAL.-Assistant House-Surgeon. Salary, £70 per annum, with residence and maintenanoe. Applications to the THE annual genelal meeting of the Medical Defence Union, Chairman by May 7th. LIVERPOOL STANLEY HOSPITAL-Senior House-Surgeon. Salary, £100 per annum, Limited, will be held at the offioes of the Society, 4, Trafalgar with board, resideneo, and washing. Applications to the Charn, Medical Board, W.C., on Thursday, May at p.m. The annual by May 15th. Square, l5th, 5 MILLER HOSPITAL AND ROYAL KENT DI8PENSARY, Greenwich Road, S.E.- report and the accounts for the year 190I will be presented: Junior Resident Medical Officer. Salary, £80 per annum with board, attendanoe, six months, with prospeat of election as Senior at an election of three members of council will take place and and£100washing.per annum.PostApplicationstenable forto the Secretary by May7th. an auditor will be appointed. Mr. M. A. Messiter, Senior NORTHEAMPTON: BERRYWOOD ASYLUM-.Junior Assistant Medical Officer; un- the President of the married, and under 30 years of age. Salary, £150 per annum, increasing to t200, with Surgeon to the Guest Hospital, Dudley, board, lodging, wshing, and attendance. Applications to the Medical Superm- Union, will occupy the chair. The annual report is now in tendent by May 6th. be circu- NORWICH: NORFOLK AND NORWICEH HOSPITAL.-Assistant House-Surceon. the hands of the printers and will, we are informed, Appointment for six months. Board, lodging, and washing provided, and honorarium lated to the members in the course of a few days. £10. Applications to the Secretary by May 6th. NORTH-WESTLONDON HOSPITAL KentishTownRoad,N.W.-(l)ResidentMledical Offloer. (2) Assistat Resident Medical Officer. Appointments for six months. ST. MARK'S HOSPITAL FOR FISTULA, LONDON.-The festival Junior OffIcer etigible for senior post. balary at the rate of £50 per annum eah, dinner of St. Mark's Hospital, to celebrate the sixty-sixth with board, residenoe. and washing. Applications to the Secretary by Junn 2nd. the OMAGH DISTRICT ASYLUM.- Assistant Medioal Offlier; unmarried, and not ex- anniversary of the charity, was held on April 24th, at ceeding 80 years of age. Salary, £100 r annum, £50 in lieu of rations, and Rooms,HE tel Metropole, under the chairmanship furnished apartments, etc. Applications Cthe Resident Medical Superintendent by Whitehall May 7th. of the Lord Mayor, Sir Joseph Dimsdale, M.P., who was sup- POPLAR AND STEPNEY RICK ASYLUM DISTRiCT, Bromley, B -Assistant Medical Mr. Alderman Sheriff Bell and Mr. Sheriff H. B. Medioal Officer at the Sick Asylum at East Bromley. Salary, £100 per ann with ported by rations, furmished apartments, and washing. Applications on forms provided to be Marshall. The Chairman, in proposing the toast of " St. sent to tbe Clerk to the Managers by May 5th. referred to the increase that had taken place PUBLIC D18PENSARY, OLARE MARKET, W.C. - Resident Medical Offlier. Mark's Hospital," Salary, £105 per annum, with furnished apartments, coals and gas. Applications in the work carried on by that institution. In I835 the to Mr. J. Phillips, Secretary, 14 and 15. Portugal Street, Linooln's Inn, W.C., by May Srd. in-patients numbered 131, and in i9oi the number was 485, QUEBEN OCHRLOTTB'S LYING-IN HOSPITAL, Marylebone Road, N.W.-&ssistant with 1,314 new out-patients. The only reliable income was esident Medical Officer. Appointment for four months. Salary at the rate of £50 per annum, with board, residenoe, and washing. Applications to the Secretary by under £2,200 a year, and he appealed to the public to bring May 5th. that sum up to £4,5oo a year. The hospital thoroughly ST. GEORGE'S HOSPITAL, S.W.-Assistant Dental Surgeon. Applications to the because of the useful work it was doing Secretary by May 10th. deserved support ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL, Paddington.-Surgeon in Charge of Out-patients. AppliUcations The Treasurer, Mr. R. B. Martin, M.P., having replied, the to the Secretary by May 6th. to oveir SALISBURY: FISERBTON ASYLUM.-AssistantMedical Officer unmarried, andabout Secretary announced a list of donations amounting 20 years of age. Salary, £150 per annum to oommenoe, with board, lodging, and £2,000. Mr. Alderman-Sheriff Bell proposed the toast oif washing. Applications to Dr. Finch, Salisbury. which waF SHEFFIELD ROYAL INFIRMARY.-Junior Assistant House-Surgeon. Salary. 870 "The Medical Staff and other Honorary Officers," B per annum, with board, lodging, and washing. Applications, endorsed " Application to by Mr. D. H. Goodsall in a short but effectivi forf the post of Junior Assistant House-Surgeon,' to be sent to the Secretary by responded j layl0th. speech. Mr. F. S. Edwards also replied to the toast ; anc HOSPITAL, N.-Honse-Surgeon. Salary, £50 per annum, with board, Mr. E. F. Carey had given the toast of "The Visitors,' TOTTENHAMresidence, and laundry. Applications to the Ohairman of the Joint Committee by after May 12th. which was acknowledged by Viscount Dungarvan, the pro TRURO: ROYAL CORNWALL INFIRMARY.-House Surgeon: unmarried. Salary, terminated. £100 for Anrst year, inoreasing elo yearly, with board and apartments. Applications ceedings to the Secretary, 4, Parkvedras Terrace, Truro. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL.-Radingrapher and Photographer, must be VACANCIES. legallr qualifled medical practitioner. Salary £0. Applications marked outside MEDICAL "nadiographer and Photographer," to be sent to the Secretary by Mtay 5th. The following vacancies are announced: WARLINGHAM LUNATIO ASYLUM.-Medical Superintendent. Salary, £450 per ARGILL AND BUTE ASYLUM, Lochgilphead.-Assistant Medicai Offlcer, age not to allum. with unfurished house etc. Applications, endorsed '-Applications for exceed 30years. Salary, £130 per annum and all found. Applications to the Medical Medical Superintendent Lunatic isylum." tO be sent to the Clerk to the Visittng #uperintendent. Oommittee, Town Hall, (roydon, by May 7th. BANBURY: HORTON INFIRMARY.-HoLue-Surgeon and Dispenser. Salary £80 per WIGAN INFIRMARY.-Male Junior House-Surgeon. Salary, £80 per annum. with annum. with board and lodging. Applications to the Secretary, 21, Marlborough apartments and rations. Applications to the General Superintendent by May 6th. Road, Banbury. GENBRAL INFIRIIARY.-House-Physioian; unmarried. Salary, £70 BARBADOBS GENEBLAL HOSPITAL-Junior Resident Surgeon. alary, per WOROBSTER residence, and washing. Applioations to the Secretary by annum, with unfurnished house. 1 resident in ngland passage paid to£20tBarbados per annwmn, with board, and (after three appointmnent) back. Applications toMr. W. B. Sargant, School Xay loth. Registrar of St. Bartholomew'syears' Hospital, by Juue l1th. BIRMINGHAM AND MIDLAND BAR AND THROAT HOSPITAL.-Surgeon. Appli- cations to the Honorary Secretary by May 15th. MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS. B3IRMINGHAM AND MIDLAND EY1D HOSPITkL.-Residentgurgioal Offloer. Salay, BoETHwIcx Thomm M.D., appointed Honorary Baoteriologist to the Adelaide Hos- £100 per annum. Present Senior and Junior House Surgeons are candidates for pital, South Astrala: promotion. Candidates to state whetber willing to accept offioe of Jun-or House- Senior AssistantlXedioal Officer to the Surgeon at £70 per annum if present residents are promoted. Apartments, board, DoDlGSON, H., M. Ch.B.Edin, appointed Board by Cumberlend and Westmorland Asylum. anattehndance provided. Applications to the Chairman of the -Medical BLDNU J. B.. MB.., Ch. H.Aberd., appointed Junior Assistant Kedical Officer to the Oumberand and Westmorland Asylm. BIRMINGHAM AND MIDLAND SKIN AND URINARY HOSPITAL.-Surgical Assistant Baoteriologist to the Adelaide'Hos- Assistant. Honorarium at the rate of 80 guineas per annum. Appointment for six Fno8T. Constance Helen, M.B., appomted but re-election. to the Secretary, John Bright pital, South Australia. menths, eligible for Applioations Andrew M B., Oh.M.Glag., appointed Certifying Factory Surgeon for Street, hirminsham, by May 7th. Hoxxr, J. M.D.R.U.I., BRADFORD ROYAL INPIRMARY.--Junior House-urgeon; unmarried. Salary, £50 Wiiisinstown,Victoria, vice Bllion, resigned. Perth annum with board and residence. Applioations, endorsed " Junior House- HopocKs. H M D Lond., B.S., appointed Assistant Gynaeoologist to the urgeon,r to be sent to the Secretary Public Hospatl, West Australia. MAY 3, 1902.1 LETTERS, NOTES, ETC. [MEDICL JOL'RNAL 1131

KULSAIL, H. T., H D., B.S.Lond., appointed Ophthalmic Surgeon to the Porth Public Hospital, West Australia. LETTERS, NOTES, AND ANSWERS TO LAEiD, Andrew J.. M.D., D.P.H., Assistant Medical Officer of Health for the county of Lailark, appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Borough of Crewe. CORRESPONDENTS. LylwcK. Arthur Francis, -M.B., B.S., appointed Honorary Pathologist to the Adelaide Hospital, South Australia. COXMUNICATIONS respecting Editorial matters should he addressed to the Editor, 1, Agar LyNcH, Peter. L. 'C.O.P.. L.R.C.S.Edin.. appointed CertifyingFactory Surgeon for Carlton, Street, Straud, W.C., London; those concerning business matters, advertisements, non- Victoria, vice J. de Burgh Grifflth. M. B.. Ch.M. Dubl., resigned. delivery of the JOURNAL, etc., should be addressed to the Manager, at the Offlce, 429, MACKUNZI1, Murdoch, M.B., appointed Port Health Offeer for Westport, New Zealanc. Strand, W.C., London. MBLLAWD, Charles Herbert M.D.Lond., X.R.C.P., appointed Honorary Physician to the ORIG:NAL ARTICLES and LETTERS for-warded for ptublicatiolt are understood to be Ancoats Hospital, Manchester. offered to the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL alone, unless the contrary be stated. XMul William Charles C., M.B., C.M.Glasg., 'appointed Health Officer for the Shire of AUTHoRs desiring reprints of their articles published in the BRITISH MIEDICAL JOURNAL Alberton, Vlitoria. are requested to communicate with the Manager, 429, Strand, W.C.. on receipt of proof. PFAK, John S., L.R.C.P.Lond., L.A.H.Dubl., appointed Health Officer forthe Shire of CORREsPONDENTS who wish netice to be taken ot their comuainications should authenti- Cranbourne, Victoria. cate themn ith their names-of course not necessarily for publication. RAXSDUN, Herbert, M D Lond.. appointed Certifying Factory Surgeon for the Saddle- CORRESPONDENTs not aniswered are requested to look at the Notices to Correspondents worth District of the West Riding of Yorkshire. of the ful;owing week. ROBsTrs Edward J M B., appointed Port Health Officer for Nelson, New:Zealand, ]MANUSCRIPTS FORWARDED) TO THE OFFICE OF THIS JOURNAL CANNOT UNDER ANY vice A J. Leggatt,kdt.C.S.Jing. CIRCUMSTANCES BE RETURNED. ROSENTHAL,Jacob. M.B., arpointed Health Officer for the combined Shireof Xewham, IN order to avoid delay, it is particularly requested that ALL letters on the editorial busi- Victoria, vice J. S. Thwaltes, M.B. ness of the JOURNAL be addressed to the Editor at the Office of the J OURNAL, and not SMITH, Margaret Merry, M.B.. Oh.B.Edin., appointed Resident Medical Officer at at his private house. Craigleeth P)orhouse and Hospital. Bdinburgn. TELEGRAPHiIC ADDRESs.-The telegraphic address of tio EDITOlt of tht BRTTISH STIVENsoN, Robert, M.D., appointed Medical Offieer to the Bootle Postal District. JOURNAL is London. The telegrapaic adldress of the MANAGER TIPP3TT. Sydney G., M.B.Lond., appointed Assistant Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's MEDICAL Aitiotogy, Hospital, Chatham. of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOUR1NAL is Articulate. London. TEATMAN, F., M.D.Lond., appointed Senior Surgeon to the Perth Pnblic Hospital, West Australia. Queries, answers, and communications relating to subjects to which TERTHOWAN, W., M.B, M.S.Aberd., appointed Assistant Surgeon to the Perth Public W Hospital. West Australia. special departments of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOOURNAL are devoted utill be WALLACE J Sim, M.D., D.9S., L.D-S Eng appointed Honorary Dental Surgeon to the found under their respective headings. West Entd Hospital for Diseases of the l4ervous bystem. WILLEY, Florence B., M B B .8, B So.Lond. appointed Clinical Pathologist and Assistant Pathologist to the Ro;al Free Hospital, W.O. WILLIAMSON, R. T., M.D.Lond F.RC.lP.Lond., appointed Honorary Assistant rbysi- cian to the Manchester Royal Infirmary. SANITARIAN would be pleased to know of a useful book on the chemistry of common things, for the purpose of popular lectures. DIARY FOR NEXT N. desires to know the most the most suitable residence in England for a WEEK. gentleman suffering from lumbago and threatened with chronic rheu- matism. TUESDAY. DARWINIANA will be glad to hear from any practitioner interested in the Pathological Society of London, Middlesex Hospital W 8 p.m.-Laboratory of reversion as to cases of physical abnormality which might Meeting Cases specimens. etc., wnll be exhibited by Dr. Klein, Slr. T. J. Bokenbam subject Mr. A. Ga. R. Ftoulerton and Dr. A. M. Kellas, Dr. A. F. Voeloker, Dr. Campbel be classified under this head. Thomson, Mr. Leslie Milburn, Mr. N. Bishop Harman, Dr. Seligmann, and Mr. H. J. PROLAPSE OF URETHRA. Curtis. DELTA would be grateful for information relative to prolapse of urethral WEDNIESDAY. mucous membrane, the size of a cherry, occurring in an elderly lady. Obstetrical Society of London 20, Hanover Square, W., 8 p.m.-Specimens will It has been present several weeks, and causes no discomfort. (s) If left be shown by Mr. Alban Doran, Dr. lcCann. Dr. Ralph Vincent, and others. Paper- alone, is it likely to become worse? (2) If dealt with surgically is an Dr. John S. Fairbairn: Five specimnns of Fibroid Tumour of the Ovary, with observa. anaesthetic required ? (3) Is the removal by snipping it away with tions on their Pathological Anatomy. scissors as satisfactory as a "buttonhole" operation; and if so, whst THURSDAY. length of time ordinarily elapses before healtng is completed ? (4) If British Gynaecological Society, 20, Hanover Square W. 8 p.m.-Dr. Bedford left untreated, is a ring pessary worn for cystocele harmful or the Fenwick: Fifty Laparotomies. Specimens will be shown by Dr. A. J. Smith, Dr. HI. Macnaughton-Jones, and others. reverse? Harveian Society of London. Stafford Rooms Titehborne Street, Bdgware Road, W., 8.30 p.m.-Discussion on the Early Diagnosis ot Specific Fevers, opened by ANSWERS. Dr. Sidney P. Phillips. FRIDAY. TRE-AIMENT OF GASTRIC CRISES. Clinical Society of London, 20, Hanover Square, W., 8.30 p.m.-Mr. W. G. Spenoer: Congenital Diffuse Lymphangioma terminating in Lymphosarcoma in a DR. W. J. MIDELTON (Bournemouth) writes: I can strongly recommend Child aged 4 years. Mr George Turner: Sarcoma of the Ankle-Joint. Mr. C. B. " H. M. C." to try chloretone (P. D. and Co.) in the case of vomiting he Lockwood: Sarcoma of the Synovial Membrane. Dr. W. Bwart and Dr. Isambard mentions in the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL of April I2th, p. 939. It is a Owen: A case illustrating the clinical features of " Horizontal " Dilatatlon of the local sedative, and also has some action on the central Left Auricle. IDr. Isambard Owen: "Horizontal " Dilatation of the Left Auricle. powerful gastric Dr. W. Ewart: A note on Palpable Systolic Intercostal Pulsation in a case of nervous system. He should commence with 5 gr., and push up to 20 gr., Mitral Stenosis, with Dilatation and Thrombosis of the Left Auricle. every few hours if necessary. I have successfully treated vomitingafter and also in my own person POSTG-RADIUATE COnISES AND LUCTUJUES. morphine injection, vomiting of pregnancy, Charing Cross Hospital, Thursday, 4 p.m.-Cases in the Wards. obviated sea sickness with this drug. Mledical Graduates' College and Polyclinic, 22. Obenles Street, W.C.-Demonstrations Win INCOME TAX. be given at 4 p.m. asfollows:-Monday, skin; Tuesday, medical; Wednesday,surgicI; A CORRESPONDENT who complains that he has no means of knowing what Thursdy, surgical; Friday, eye. he may deduct from his income as expenses when estimating his in- come tax, is advised to consult an income-tax agency if he desires the BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. greatest possible abatement. The charge for inserting announcementr of Births, Marriages, and Deaths is CARRIAGE LAMP. 38. 6d., whiCh sUm 8houZd be for'warded in post-office orders or stamps with DR. ED. CURETON (Shrewsbury) writes in reply to "Country Practitioner in Ireland" as follows: May I suggest the use of a Deitz lamp, which the notice not later than Wednesday morning, in order to ensure insertion in burns paraffin, will keep alight for eighteen hours, will not blow out, the current isssue. and is cheap-namely, 12S. 6d. ? I have used these lamps for some time BIRTHS. at all hours on my motor car, where a reliable light is so essential; HARVY.-On April 27th, at Clarence Villa, Hartfleld Road, Wimbledon, the wife of they can be purchased from Gamage, Holborn. Joseph Harvey, M.B., of a daughter. MOOe.{-On April 28th, at South Hetton, the wife of1 Alfrea A. Moore, M.A., of a daughter. LETTERS. NOTES, Etc. MARRIAGES. COLBBRDICH-WHzTTON.-April 24th. at St. Luke's Chureb, West Hampstead, London, ERRATu3i.-In the article on the Age Distribution of Small-pox in the by:the Rev. J. Salwey, Arthur Stanbury i2obbledioh, M.D B S Loud. M.R.C.S., L.B.C.P.Eng., seeond son of John Osborn Cobbledloh, of L,ndhurst, Clifton, Bristoli BRTISH MEDICAL JOURNAL of April 26th, p. Ioc, Table 1. the figures in to Jessie. fourth daughter of William Whitton, of Springfileld, Stradbally, Queen's the last column (over IO) under "Not vaccinatecd until after infection by Oo., Ireland. small-pox" should be 15 and not as printed. FELex-FeNimous.-On April 24th, at Wid¢ombe Chureh, Bath Stamford G. FelFe, MA. MI.D. B.C.Cantab. of 1, Cricklewood Villas, N.W., to E&ith, daughter of the ENTERIC FEVER IN INFANTS. late john Fenemore, of Alcester, DR. JOHN G. OGLE (Reigate) writes: In the BRITISH MEDICAL JOIURNAL of HAYES-DAWSON.-On April 24th, at'Holy Trinity Chureb, Warton, by the Rev. Thomas April igth Mr. Love records a case of enteric fever in an infant Holland Pain, Vicar of Warton, George Constable Hayes, F.H.C.i., of Leeds, third son have only been two recorded cases ot George Horace Blayes, of Melhourne, Australia. to Rende Phoebe second survlvinu 4a months old, and states that there daughter of Bdward Utorey, of Crosslands, Lancaster, and widow oR Edward Howard of enteric in infants under I year old. In the Lancet, November, 189g, Dawson, of Warton Hall. I published under the same heading an account of a similar case, and MOXICZ-BrTLIN.-Atiril 28rd. at St. Andrew's Church. Wells Street, by the Rev. H. added, "Murchison makes mention of three cases in younger infants- Foster. M.A., of Malvern College, assisted by the Rev. W. T. Eloulsworth and the Rev. namely, 8 days old, IS days old, and in a fretus of 7 months." There Orose Hodge, ]sorman. fourthsoin of the late Oharles Walter Morice and Mrs. Morice, of 8 De Vere Gardens to Muriel Violet Trentham, younger daughter of Henry must be many more cases since then recorded in medical periodicals. TrenthamButl1n, F.A.d.S., D.C.L., of 82, Harley Street, W. TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA. RoEwTrsoN-PerNXs..-Ou April 28&1, a OChatsworth Road Chapel West Norwood, by the Rev. W. Armstrong Jaes Kobertson. M.B.Lond., M.R.C.S.hig., L.R.O.P.Loncl., DR. DOmENICO COMBA (Turin) has sent us a short account of his treatment of third son of Dr. W. B. 1Hobertson, of West Dulwich, to Elizabeth Taylor (Bessie), influenza based on certain viewsas to the treatment of infective disorders, eldest daughter of William Penman, Esq., Ardluis, Paiace Road, Tilse Hill,. .W. which were expounded before the Italian Medical Congress at Pisa in WALKER-S3ecKea.-Aprl 24tb. at All Saints', Daresbury, Cheshire, by the Rev. H. igol. It consists in the use of mercury perchloride in the early Milnes Walker, brotber of the bridegroom, assisted bythe Rev. F. Clifton Smith, by potassium and sodium iodide in the later stages. He Vicar, and the Rev. E. C. E. Carleton, Henry Seeker Walker, F.R.C.S., ot leeds, to stages followed Blaine Mary eooker, onlydaughter of the late 14ev. T. J. 'ecker. some time Vicar of divides cases of influenza into two groups: (I) Those exhibiting general St. Peter's, Bishop Wearmouth. and niece of John White, Esq., of Moore Hall. phenomena, but no localization; (2) those with localized symptoms of bheshire. infection and more or less severe toxaemia. In the first group he