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Opportunities and Challenges Faced with Emerging Technologies in the Australian Vegetable Industry

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Opportunities and Challenges Faced with Emerging Technologies in the Australian Vegetable Industry HAL Project Title: Opportunities and challenges faced with emerging technologies in the Australian vegetable industry. (Technology Platform 5: Emerging Technologies for Production and Harvest) Project VG08087 Project completion date: 30/06/2010 Author: Dr Silvia Estrada-Flores VG08087 Emerging Technologies: Production Opportunities and challenges faced with emerging technologies in the Australian vegetable industry. (Technology Platform 5: Emerging Technologies for Production and Harvest) Horticulture Australia Project Number: VG08087 Project Leader: Dr Silvia Estrada-Flores. Principal Consultant, Food Chain Intelligence. Contact details: PO Box 1789. North Sydney 2059, NSW. Ph 0404 353 571; e-mail: [email protected] &RPSDQ\¶VZebsite: www.food-chain.com.au Delivered on: June 2010. Purpose of Project: This report was prepared as an outcome of Milestone 190 RISURMHFW9*´2SSRUWXQLWLHVDQG challenJHVIDFHGZLWKHPHUJLQJWHFKQRORJLHVLQWKH$XVWUDOLDQYHJHWDEOHLQGXVWU\´7KHSURMHFW aims to provide a broad review of technologies that are influencing the competitiveness of the industry. This is the fourth of five reports to be developed during 2009-2010 and reviews novel production and harvesting technologies for vegetables. Funding acknowledgements: Food Chain Intelligence acknowledges the financial support for this project from Horticulture Australia Limited (HAL) and AUSVEG. Disclaimers: Any recommendations contained in this publication do not necessarily represent current HAL policy. No person should act on the basis of the contents of this publication, whether as to matters of fact or opinion or other content, without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice in respect of the matters set out in this publication. The report has been prepared by Food Chain Intelligence through the use of primary and secondary data sources and interviews. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the analyses, the uncertain nature of some data is such that Food Chain Intelligence (FCI) is unable to make any warranties in relation to the information contained herein. The FCI disclaims liability for any loss or damage that may arise as a consequence of any person relying on the information contained in this document. VG08087 Emerging Technologies: Production Table of Con ten ts Media summary .................................................................................................................. 3 Technical summary ............................................................................................................. 4 Project Background............................................................................................................. 8 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 9 Overview of vegetable production in Australia.................................................................. 9 Organic farming of vegetables ................................................................................... 10 Focus of this report ....................................................................................................... 10 Agrochemicals .................................................................................................................. 12 Fertilizers ...................................................................................................................... 13 Supply and demand factors........................................................................................ 13 Innov ations in fertilisers ............................................................................................. 15 Chemical crop protection ............................................................................................... 16 Supply and demand factors........................................................................................ 16 Innovations in crop protection.................................................................................... 17 The case for R&D investment in crop protection ......................................................... 20 Challenges and opportunities for agrochemical R&D....................................................... 22 Biotechnology ................................................................................................................... 24 Supply and demand factors ........................................................................................... 25 Innovations in agribiotech ............................................................................................. 27 Plant breeding and seed technology for enhancing resistance..................................... 27 Resistance breeding by genetic modification ........................................................... 28 Marker Assisted Selective breeding (MAS) ............................................................... 29 Micropropagation and tissue culture........................................................................ 29 Biopesticides.............................................................................................................. 32 Plant growth regulators.............................................................................................. 36 Challenges and opportunities for agribiotech R&D .......................................................... 37 Soilless production systems............................................................................................... 42 Supply and demand factors ........................................................................................... 42 Innovations in soilless production systems ..................................................................... 44 Hydroponics .............................................................................................................. 44 Aquaponics ................................................................................................................ 45 Aeroponics................................................................................................................. 45 Food Chain Intelligence Page | 1 VG08087 Emerging Technologies: Production Challenges and opportunities for R&D in soilless systems ............................................... 47 Agricultural machinery for production and harvesting ........................................................ 49 Supply and demand factors ........................................................................................... 49 Innovations in agricultural machinery ............................................................................ 50 Challenges and opportunities in R&D for agricultural machinery ..................................... 55 HAL-Funded Projects in Technologies for Production and Harvesting ................................. 57 Implications and Recommendations .................................................................................. 59 Recommendations for future R&D funding ..................................................................... 60 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 62 References ....................................................................................................................... 63 APPENDIX A. Economic annual impacts of vertebrate pests in Australian agricultural and horticultural industries ($m). ............................................................................................. 67 Food Chain Intelligence Page | 2 VG08087 Emerging Technologies: Production Media summary 7KHREMHFWLYHRIWKHSURMHFW³2SSRUWXQLWLHVDQGFhallenges faced with emerging technologies in WKH$XVWUDOLDQYHJHWDEOHLQGXVWU\´LVWRSURYLGHDEURDGUHYLHZRIWHFKQRORJLHVWKDWDUH influencing the competitiveness of the Australian vegetable industry. This report is the last of five analyses developed during 2009-2010 and reviews emerging technologies for production and harvest of vegetables. Some key findings of this analysis were: AGROCHEMICALS A CSIRO study recently developed baseline scenarios for emergency plant pests (EPP) of interest to the vegetable industry. If these predicted scenarios become a reality, foreign disease invasions would cause over $2.4 billion in costs to the vegetable industry and the government. This represents about 7 to 12 times the investment needed to bring a new crop protection product to the market. Therefore, the ROI for R&D investment is positive from the perspective of potential losses. AGRIBIOTECH One of the most interesting applications of plant tissue culture is the establishment of plant biofactories to produce high value molecules. The engineering of edible plants may enable the delivery of vaccines through fruits, tubers, leaves or seeds. SOILLESS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS The vast majority of Australian farms operate with low to medium technology levels. A comparison between the productivity of protected cropping systems in UK and Australia revealed that the UK produces 4 times more vegetables under protected cropping practices than Australia, while the latter is 1.3 times more productive in field vegetable cropping. A ustralia is yet to reap the full benefit of protected horticulture. AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY Firms in the agricultural machinery sector lack the economies of scale, access to technology and low cost labour markets necessary to compete on the global stage. As a consequence, the use of imported equipment
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