DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular and Cellular Biology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molecular and Cellular Biology MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY VOLUME 3 * NUMBER 1 o JANUARY 1983 Aaron J. Shatkin, Editor-in-Chief (1985) Roche Instituite of Molecular Biology Nutlex, N.J. Harvey F. Lodish, Editor (1986) Louis Siminovitch, Editor (1985) Massachuisetts Institute of Technology Hospital for Sick Children Cambridge Toronto, Canadal David J. L. Luck, Editor (1987) Paul S. Sypherd, Editor (1985) Rockefeller Unis'ersity University of California Ness York, N.Y. Irvine EDITORIAL BOARD Renato Baserga (1985) Ira Herskowitz (1984) Daniel B. Rifkin (1985) Alan Bernstein (1984) Larry Kedes (1985) Robert G. Roeder (1985) J. Michael Bishop (1984) Marilyn Kozak (1985) James E. Rothman (1984) Joan Brugge (1985) Elias Lazarides (1985) David Sabatini (1985) Breck Byers (1985) John B. Little (1985) Phillip A. Sharp (1985) John A. Carbon (1984) William F. Loomis, Jr. (1985) Fred Sherman (1985) Lawrence A. Chasin (1985) Paul T. Magee (1985) Pamela Stanley (1985) Nam-Hai Chua (1985) Robert L. Metzenberg (1985) Joan A. Steitz (1985) Terrance G. Cooper (1984) Robert K. Mortimer (1985) James L. Van Etten (1985) James E. Darnell, Jr. (1985) Harvey L. Ozer (1985) Jonathan R. Warner (1984) Gary Felsenfeld (1985) Mary Lou Pardue (1985) Robert A. Weinberg (1984) Norton B. Gilula (1985) Mark Pearson (1985) I. Bernard Weinstein (1985) James E. Haber (1984) Jeremy Pickett-Heaps (1985) Harold Weintraub (1985) Benjamin Hall (1985) Robert E. Pollack (1985) Reed B. Wickner (1985) Ari Helenius (1984) Keith R. Porter (1985) Leslie Wilson (1985) Susan A. Henry (1985) John R. Pringle (1985) Edward Ziff (1985) Helen R. Whiteley, Chairman, Publications Board Walter G. Peter III, Director, Puiblications Linda M. Illig, Managing Editor, Jouirnals Eleanor Tupper, Production Editor Molecular and Cellular Biology (ISSN 0270-7306) is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of fundamental knowledge concerning the molecular biofogy of eucaryotic cells, of both microbial and higher organisms. Instructions to authors are published in the January issue each year; reprints are available from the editors and the Publications Office. The journal is published monthly, one volume per year. The nonmember subscription price is $84 per year: single copies are $9. The member subscription price is $22 (foreign $26 [surface rate]) per year; single copies are $7. Correspondence relating to subscriptions. reprints. defective copies, availability of back issues, lost or late proofs, disposition of submitted manuscripts, and general editorial matters should be directed to the ASM Publication Office, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006 (area 202 833-9680). Claims for missing issues from residents of the United States, Canada, and Mexico must be submitted within 3 months after publication of the issues; residents of all other countries must submit claims within 6 months of publication of the issues. Claims for issues missing because of failure to report an address change or for issues "missing from files" will not be allowed. Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20006, and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Molecular and Cellular Biology, ASM, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006. Made in the United States of America. Copyright ©C 1983, American Society for Microbiology. El*: fl M1 4It hc,f L 'I r, l1tO All Rights Reserved. The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the article may be made for personal use or for personal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Author Index Baglioni, Corrado, 64 Kaufman, Randal J., 32 Russell, David W., 20 Boettiger, D., 113 Khandjian, Edouard W., 1 Brugge, Joan, 9 Scher, Charles D., 70 Latt, Samuel A., 32 Sefton, Bartholomew M., 56 Chung-Cheng, Liu, 44 Levinson, Arthur D., 44 Siddiqui, Aleem, 143 Cooper, Jonathan A., 56 Levy, Barcey T., 102 Smith, Michael, 20 Cox, David, 20 Locatell, Kathryn L., 70 Crowley, Craig W., 44 Stieber, Anna, 91 Maness, Patricia F., 102 Darrow, Diane, 9 Maroney, Patricia A., 64 Tannenbaum, Janet, 132 Dick, Ronald L., 70 Menko, A. S., 113 Toyama, Y., 113 Mertz, Janet E., 126 Turler, Hans, 1 Miller, Timothy J., 126 Fishmann, P. H., 91 Mommol, T., 91 Murray, Mark J., 32 Weinberg, Robert A., 32 Godman, Gabriel C., 132 Whipple, Andrew P., 70 Gonatas, J., 91 Williamson, Valerie M., 20 Gonatas, Nicholas K., 91 Nilsen, Timothy W., 64 Wohlhueter, Robert M., 82 Holtzer, H., 113 Plagemann, Peter G. W., 82 Yonemoto, Wes, 9 Hunter, Tony, 56 Puziss, Marla B., 82 Young, Elton T., 20 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, Jan. 1983 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS HOW TO SUBMIT MANUSCRIPTS ASM publishes a number of different journals Submit manuscripts directly to the ASM Pub- covering various aspects of microbiology. Each journal has a prescribed scope that must be lications Office, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006. Please indicate the journal to which considered in determining the most appropriate the manuscript is being submitted, the address journal for each manuscript. If a given manu- and telephone number of the corresponding au- script is appropriate for more than one ASM thor, and the former manuscript number and journal, the author's wishes will be given pri- editor (if it is being resubmitted). In addition, mary consideration. However, the editors re- indicate whether permission to cite personal serve the option of transferring a manuscript to communications and receipt of preprints has another ASMjournal when it is apparent that the been granted. manuscript falls within the province of that Submit two complete copies of each manu- journal. script, including figures and tables. The manu- The Journal ofBacteriology (JB) is a journal script may be either the original typescript or of basic microbiology, including that of eucary- clear, clean copies. Type every portion of the otic microbes. It contains articles on all aspects manuscript double spaced, including figure leg- of eucaryotic microbes, including genetics and ends, table footnotes, and Literature Cited, and molecular biology, plasmids and transposons, number all pages in sequence, including the physiology, membranes, enzymes, and ultra- abstract, tables, and figure legends. Submit fig- structure. The scope statements for MCB and ures as glossy or mat-finish photographs. (See p. JB are complementary. They provide authors iii-iv for detailed instructions.) with appropriate journals for the publication of Authors who are unsure of acceptable English research covering all aspects of eucaryotic mi- usage should have their manuscripts checked by crobiology. In cases in which a research report someone proficient in the English language. would be equally appropriate for either journal, the author's preference will be followed. EDITORIAL POLICY Most manuscripts concerning virus-infected Manuscripts submitted to the journal must cells should be submitted to the Journal of represent reports of original research that have Virology, but those in which emphasis is clearly not been published previously and that are not on the cell, with the virus being incidental, are being considered for publication elsewhere. appropriate for MCB. If you have questions about these guidelines, Copyright please contact the editor-in-chief of the journal To maintain and protect the Society's owner- you are considering. ship and rights and to be able to protect the Note that a manuscript rejected by one ASM original authors from misappropriation of their journal on scientific grounds or on the basis of published work, ASM requires authors to sign a its general suitability for publication is consid- copyright transfer agreement. This agreement is ered rejected by all other ASM journals. sent to the submitting author when the manu- script is accepted for publication. Unless this Editorial Style agreement is executed, ASM will not publish the The editorial style of ASM journals conforms manuscript. (U.S. government employees may to the Council ofBiology Editors Style Manual file a statement attesting that a manuscript was (4th ed., 1978; CBE Secretariat, 9650 Rockville prepared as part of their official duties. If they Pike, Bethesda, Md.), Robert A. Day's How To elect to do so, they should not sign the ASM Write and Publish a Scientific Paper (ISI Press, copyright transfer agreement.) 1979), and Scientific Writing for Graduate Stu- dents (CBE Secretariat), as interpreted and Scope modified by the editors and the ASM Publica- Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) is de- tions Office. The editors and the Publications voted to the advancement and dissemination of Office reserve the privilege of editing manu- fundamental knowledge concerning the molecu- scripts to conform with the stylistic conventions lar biology of eucaryotic cells, of both microbial set forth in the aforesaid publications and in and higher organisms. Papers on cellular mor- these instructions. phology and function, genome organization, the regulation of genetic expression including The Review Process immunoglobulin formation, morphogenesis, and All manuscripts are subjected to peer review somatic cell genetics are invited for submission. by the editors, by members of the Editorial i INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Board, or by qualified outside reviewers. When the main title/subtitle arrangement. On the title a manuscript is submitted to the journal, it is page, include: title, running title (not to exceed given a manuscript control number and is as- 46 characters and spaces), full name (including signed to one of the editors. The author is first name and middle initial) of each author, notified of this number and the editor to whom address(es) of the institution(s) at which the the manuscript is assigned.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • From the President's Desk
    JAN/FEB 2006 From the President’s desk: 2006, the 75th anniversary of the Genetics Society of America, will be marked by a number of initiatives to reinvigorate the Society’s mission of promoting research and education in genetics. A highlight was the recently held GSA sponsored conference, “Genetic Analysis: From Model Organisms to Human Biology” in San Diego from January 5-7. This conference emphasized the importance of model organism research by illustrating the crucial contributions to human biology resulting from discoveries in these organisms. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) supported this conference both financially and by participation of key NIH administrators, including Jeremy M. Berg, director of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. In addition to the superb science talks by international leaders the MOHB conference showcased other important and new GSA initiatives including education, public policy advocacy, graduate student support and recognition of outstanding model organism geneticists. Robin Wright, Education Committee chair, led a round table discussion on undergraduate education and the Joint Steering Committee for Public Policy and the Congressional Liaison Committee sponsored a session on science advocacy and public policy. There was a mentor lunch to support graduate students and postdocs in the next steps of their careers, and the three GSA medals were presented during the banquet, with Victor Ambros receiving the GSA Medal, Fred Sherman the Beadle Award, and Masatoshi Nei the Morgan Award. (For research highlights at the meeting, see pages 6 and 7 of this issue.) The 75th anniversary will also usher in changes to our society’s journal, GENETICS.
    [Show full text]
  • Fred Sherman: a Pioneer in Genetics
    CLASS NOTES TRIBUTE Fred Sherman: A Pioneer in Genetics Fred Sherman, a pioneer in genetics and long hours of laboratory work, large doses mance of Indian dance (dance was a major molecular biology, was a member of the of Fred’s zany humor, and after-hours interest and activity of Fred’s), his thoughts Rochester faculty for 52 years, from 1961 sampling of the local night-life. It provided and conversation quickly returned to yeast. until his death last September. The breadth an introduction to yeast for many scientists His encyclopedic memory of 50 years of of his scientific contributions over the span who went on to become leaders in modern yeast genetics included much information of years that saw the development of that was never published and is now, modern molecular biology is simply sadly, lost. Fortunately, his engagement breathtaking. Fred’s early scientific with science was tempered by humor studies focused on the gene encoding that found expression both in a staple the protein cytochrome c in baker’s of often-repeated jokes for every occa- yeast, establishing this as a power- sion and in carefully crafted comedic ful system that allowed him to make remarks that he proffered in the guise fundamental contributions to the initial of questions and comments at scientific deciphering of the genetic code. His seminars. He semi-seriously referred to determination of the DNA sequence himself as the world’s expert in yeast of the gene encoding cytochrome c, genetic nomenclature, and once tried one of the first eukaryotic genes to be to win a dispute with an editor about sequenced, served as the basis for the the naming of a particular yeast gene first cloning of a gene from a eukary- by announcing that he had tattooed otic organism.
    [Show full text]
  • Fred Sherman an Introduction to the Genetics and Molecular
    Fred Sherman An Introduction to the Genetics and Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (2001) http://dbb.urmc.rochester.edu/labs/sherman_f/yeast/index.html Table of Contents • 1 Yeast as a Model Eukaryote • 11 Manipulating the Genome In • 2 Information on Yeast Vitro with Plasmids • 3 Yeast Strains 11.1 Cloning by Complementation • 4 Growth and Life Cycles 11.2 Mutagenesis In Vitro • 5 The Yeast Genome 11.3 Two-step Gene Replacement • 6 Genetic Nomenclature 11.4 Gene Disruption and One-step 6.1 Chromosomal Genes Gene Replacement 6.2 Mitochondrial Gene 11.5 Plasmid Shuffle 6.3 Non-Mendelian Determinants 11.6 Recovering mutant alleles • 7 Genetic Analyses • 12 Interactions of Genes 7.1 Overviews with Examples 12.1 Heterozygosity and Dominant- 7.2 Tetrad Analysis negative Mutations 7.3 Non-Mendelian Inheritance 12.2 Intragenic Complementation • 8 Transformation 12.3 Nonallelic Non- 8.1 Yeast Vector and DNA complementation Fragments 12.4 Suppressors 8.2 Synthetic Oligonucleotides 12.5 Synthetic Enhancement and 8.3 Mitochondrial Transformation Epistatic Relationships • 9 Yeast Vectors • 13 Genomic Analysis 9.1 YIp Vectors • 14 Analyses with Yeast Systems 9.2 YEp Vectors 14.1 Two-hybrid Systems 9.3 YCp Vectors 14.2 Yeast Artificial Chromosomes • 10 Genes Important for Genetic (YACs) Studies 14.3 Expression of Heterologous 10.1 URA3 and LYS2 Protein in Yeast 10.2 ADE1 and ADE2 • Key Words 10.3 GAL1 Promoter • Bibliography 10.4 lacZ and Other Reporters 1 1 Yeast is a Model Eukaryote mutations can be conveniently isolated and manifested in haploid strains, and This chapter deals only with the yeast S.
    [Show full text]
  • Differential Regulation of the Duplicated Isocytochrome C Genes in Yeast (Yeast Regulation/Heme Deficiency/Glucose Repression/Cytochrome C Regulation) THOMAS M
    Proc. NatI. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 81, pp. 4475-4479, July 1984 Genetics Differential regulation of the duplicated isocytochrome c genes in yeast (yeast regulation/heme deficiency/glucose repression/cytochrome c regulation) THOMAS M. LAZ, DENNIS F. PIETRAS, AND FRED SHERMAN Departments of Biochemistry and of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642 Communicated by Herschel L. Roman, March 26, 1984 ABSTRACT The two unlinked genes CYCI and CYC7 en- acid (ALA) synthetase (10, 12); since ALA is an intermedi- code iso-l-cytochrome c and iso-2-cytochrome c, respectively, ate in the biosynthesis of heme, hemi mutants are deficient in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An examination of the in heme and all heme-containing proteins, including the iso- steady-state level of CYCI and CYC7 mRNAs in normal and cytochromes c. In contrast, the CYC2 and CYC3 genes ap- mutant strains grown under different conditions, along with pear to affect only the isocytochromes c. These mutants may previous results of apoprotein levels, demonstrate that CYCI be involved in some aspect of the enzymatic attachment of a and CYC7 have similar and different modes of regulation. heme to the apoisocytochromes c or the transport of the apo- Both CYCI and CYC7 mRNAs are diminished after anaerobic cytochromes c into the mitochondria (9). Whereas hemi and growth. In contrast, CYCI mRNA but not CYC7 mRNA is de- cyc3 mutations can completely block the isocytochrome c creased by heme deficiency in hem) mutants. Although both production, the cyc2 mutation can block at most only 90% of CYCI and CYC7 mRNAs are substantially lowered after the isocytochromes c.
    [Show full text]
  • A Yeast Model for Batten Disease
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 96, pp. 11341–11345, September 1999 Cell Biology Phenotypic reversal of the btn1 defects in yeast by chloroquine: A yeast model for Batten disease DAVID A. PEARCE*, CARRIE J. CARR,BISWADIP DAS, AND FRED SHERMAN Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642 Contributed by Fred Sherman, July 27, 1999 ABSTRACT BTN1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes an that encode the protein, nor does the stored protein have a ortholog of CLN3, the human Batten disease gene. We have different encoded sequence from that for normal individuals reported previously that deletion of BTN1, btn1-⌬, resulted in (11, 12). Furthermore, slower degradation of mitochondrial a pH-dependent resistance to D-(؊)-threo-2-amino-1-[p- ATP synthase subunit c was found to occur in NCL fibroblasts nitrophenyl]-1,3-propanediol (ANP). This phenotype was compared with normal cells. Although initially located in the caused by btn1-⌬ strains having an elevated ability to acidify mitochondria, mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c accumu- growth medium through an elevated activity of the plasma lated in lysosomes of NCL cells, whereas the degradation of ؉ membrane H -ATPase, resulting from a decreased vacuolar another mitochondrial inner membrane protein, cytochrome pH during early growth. We have determined that growing oxidase subunit IV, was unaffected, with no lysosomal accu- btn1-⌬ strains in the presence of chloroquine reverses the mulation (13, 14). resistance to ANP, decreases the rate of medium acidification, Genes encoding predicted proteins with high sequence ؉ decreases the activity of plasma membrane H -ATPase, and similarity to Cln3p have been identified in mouse, dog, rabbit, elevates vacuolar pH.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptional Regulation of the Yeast Cytochrome C Gene (Cloned Cycl Gene/RNA Half-Lives) RICHARD S
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 76, No. 8, pp. 3627-3631, August 1979 Biochemistry Transcriptional regulation of the yeast cytochrome c gene (cloned cycl gene/RNA half-lives) RICHARD S. ZITOMER*, DONNA L. MONTGOMERYt, DIANE L. NICHOLS*, AND BENJAMIN D. HALO *Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222; and tGenetics Department SK-50, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 Communicated by Herschel L. Roman, April 23, 1979 ABSTRACT DNA from the cloned yeast iso-l-cytochrome medium lacking adenine (3), with 2% raffinose for derepression. c, cycl, gene was used in a hybridization assay to measure levels For the growth of the four haploid strains, the medium was and rates of synthesis of cycl RNA. Derepressed cells synthe- supplemented with 0.01% Difco Bacto yeast extract and 0.02% sized cycl RNA at 6 times the rate of that of glucose-repressed All were maintained in cells. Upon glucose addition to a derepressed culture, the tran- Difco Bacto peptone. cultures expo- scription of the cycl gene was repressed within 2.5 min. The nential growth for at least 16 hr before labeling. For pulse-label half-life of hybridizable cycl RNA was determined to be 12-13.5 experiments, cells were grown to a density of 2.7 X 107 cells per min under repressed and derepressed conditions and during ml, then 200 ,Ci of [3H]adenine (55 Ci/mmol, ICN Chemical repression. The results demonstrate that the expression of the and Radioisotope) was added to 2 ml of culture for the desig- cycl gene is subject to transcriptional regulation.
    [Show full text]
  • A Yeast Model for Batten Disease
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 96, pp. 11341–11345, September 1999 Cell Biology Phenotypic reversal of the btn1 defects in yeast by chloroquine: A yeast model for Batten disease DAVID A. PEARCE*, CARRIE J. CARR,BISWADIP DAS, AND FRED SHERMAN Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642 Contributed by Fred Sherman, July 27, 1999 ABSTRACT BTN1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes an that encode the protein, nor does the stored protein have a ortholog of CLN3, the human Batten disease gene. We have different encoded sequence from that for normal individuals reported previously that deletion of BTN1, btn1-⌬, resulted in (11, 12). Furthermore, slower degradation of mitochondrial a pH-dependent resistance to D-(؊)-threo-2-amino-1-[p- ATP synthase subunit c was found to occur in NCL fibroblasts nitrophenyl]-1,3-propanediol (ANP). This phenotype was compared with normal cells. Although initially located in the caused by btn1-⌬ strains having an elevated ability to acidify mitochondria, mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c accumu- growth medium through an elevated activity of the plasma lated in lysosomes of NCL cells, whereas the degradation of ؉ membrane H -ATPase, resulting from a decreased vacuolar another mitochondrial inner membrane protein, cytochrome pH during early growth. We have determined that growing oxidase subunit IV, was unaffected, with no lysosomal accu- btn1-⌬ strains in the presence of chloroquine reverses the mulation (13, 14). resistance to ANP, decreases the rate of medium acidification, Genes encoding predicted proteins with high sequence ؉ decreases the activity of plasma membrane H -ATPase, and similarity to Cln3p have been identified in mouse, dog, rabbit, elevates vacuolar pH.
    [Show full text]
  • In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae JOHN M
    MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, OCt. 1988, p. 4533-4536 Vol. 8, No. 10 0270-7306/88/104533-04$02.00/0 Copyright © 1988, American Society for Microbiology Efficiency of Translation Initiation by Non-AUG Codons in Saccharomyces cerevisiae JOHN M. CLEMENTS,'* THOMAS M. LAZ,2t AND FRED SHERMAN'2 Departments ofBiochemistry' and Biophysics,2 University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 Received 5 April 1988/Accepted 14 June 1988 The quantitative levels of initiation of protein synthesis at codons other than AUG were determined with a CYC7-lacZ fused gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AUG was the only codon which efficiently initiated translation, although some non-AUG codons allowed initiation at very low efficiency, below 1% of the normal level. Since translation initiates at codons other than AUG in at least two wild-type genes from eucaryotes, other factors presumably play a role in enhancing the activity of non-AUG codons. The codon AUG is used to initiate translation of most late reductase mRNA initiated from a mutant ACG codon proteins in procaryotes, eucaryotes, and organelles. Other with an efficiency as high as 5% when the ACG codon was in codons, GUG, UUG, and AUU, have been found to initiate an optimal context (18). Thus, eucaryotes can initiate trans- translation of a limited number of wild-type proteins in lation from non-AUG codons, sometimes at surprisingly Escherichia coli, and there are examples of mutant genes high levels. using AUA as an initiation codon (10). When GUG (12) or The sole use of the AUG codon for efficient initiation of UUG (19) initiator codons of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Fred Sherman (1932–2013)
    PERSONAL NEWS Fred Sherman (1932–2013) Fred Sherman, an internationally famous istry and Biophysics from 1982 to 1999 several hours at a stretch. These lectures yeast geneticist passed away on 16 Sep- (till his retirement). Even after retire- at Cold Spring Harbor were not only tember 2013 at the age of 81. He was ment, Sherman was quite active in sci- attended by students who had registered born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, in ence and used to serve the scientific for this course, but also by well-known 1932. Sherman enrolled at the University community with the same vigour and personalities such as Jim Watson, Alfred of Minnesota with chemistry major and energy as before. Hershey, Barbara McClintock, Max Del- earned his Bachelor’s degree (B A) in bruk and many others. 1954. Then he moved to the University Sherman published more than 250 of California, Berkeley, for graduate papers in reputed journals. He served on programme in biophysics. Here, he met the editorial board of numerous interna- one of the leading yeast geneticists, tional journals. Starting from 1962 to Robert K. Mortimer, who introduced 2013, during his long and successful ca- Sherman to the beauty of yeast genetics reer, Sherman taught a large number of and its power in unveiling complex bio- graduate (Ph D) students and also trained logical processes. Sherman worked with many postdoctoral fellows from several Mortimer on the induction of – mito- countries around the world. Almost all chondrial mutants at elevated tempera- the people trained by Sherman became ture in the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces leaders in their respective fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Genet Honors and Awards 719..72
    Copyright Ó 2006 by the Genetics Society of America The 2006 GSA Honors and Awards The Genetics Society of America annually honors members who have made outstanding contributions to genetics. The Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal recognizes a lifetime contribution to the science of genetics. The Genetics Society of America Medal recognizes particularly outstanding contributions to the science of genetics within the past 15 years. The George W. Beadle Medal recognizes distinguished service to the field of genetics and the community of geneticists. We are pleased to announce the 2006 awards. The 2006 Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal Masatoshi Nei Masatoshi Nei ASATOSHI Nei has been a major contributor to elegant statistic involving allele frequencies from two M population and evolutionary genetics theory populations that, under the infinite alleles mutation throughout his career. He is one of a select group to model, had an expected value proportional to the time have a statistic named for him: ‘‘Nei’s genetic distance’’ since those populations had diverged from an ancestral is a cornerstone of population genetic analyses. His body population. The measure therefore provided a natural of work includes two influential textbooks and a remark- basis for reconstructing phylogenies and it was quickly able 55 (of nearly 300) articles with over 100 citations adopted for distance-based methods for building evo- each, 9 of which have over 1100 citations and 1 of which lutionary trees. Nei provided further discussion of the has over 12,000. sampling properties of his distance statistic in Genetics When Nei received the International Prize for Biology in 1978. His most widely cited work is his 1987 article in 2002, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science with Saitou in Molecular Biology and Evolution, said: ‘‘Through these achievements, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • HERSCHEL L. ROMAN September 29, 1914–July 2, 1989
    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES HERSC H E L L . R OMAN 1914—1989 A Biographical Memoir by M ICH A E L S . E S P OSITO Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1996 NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON D.C. Courtesy of Caryl Roman HERSCHEL L. ROMAN September 29, 1914–July 2, 1989 BY MICHAEL S. ESPOSITO ERSCHEL L. ROMAN, PROFESSOR emeritus and founding chair- Hperson of the Department of Genetics at the Univer- sity of Washington, made fundamental contributions to studies of the nature of the gene and chromosome behavior in maize during the early phase of his career. Later he led the emergence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, budding yeast, as a premier unicellular organism for study of the basic genetics of eukaryotes. Hersch, as he preferred to be called, was a brilliant researcher, an inspired teacher, and a stalwart col- league of those who shared his love for genetic experimen- tation and his commitment to the welfare of genetic biol- ogy. An innovator of pace-setting tools for genetic analysis, Hersch was the recipient of numerous distinguished na- tional and international honors in addition to his election to the National Academy of Sciences: Guggenheim fellow, Paris; Fulbright research scholar, Paris; president, Genetics Society of America; American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Gold Medal, Christian Hansen Foundation, Copenhagen; Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal, Genetics Society of America; honorary doctorate, University of Paris; Doctor of Science, honoris causa, University of Missouri-Columbia; and presi- 349 350 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS dent of the International Congress of Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology.
    [Show full text]
  • OF Zys2 MUTATIONS in the YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVZSZAE
    PATTERNS OF GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC SUPPRESSION OF Zys2 MUTATIONS IN THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVZSZAE BHARAT B. CHATTOO', EDWARD PALMER, BUN-ICHIRO ON02 and FRED SHERMAN Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York 14642 Manuscript received April 19, 1979 ABSTRACT A total of 358 lys2 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been charac- terized for suppressibility by the following suppressors: UAA and UAG suppressors that insert tyrosine, serine or leucine; a putative UGA suppres- sor; an omnipotent suppressor SUP46; and a frameshift suppressor SUFI-1. In addition, the lys2 mutants were examined for phenotypic suppression by the aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin, for osmotic remediability and for temperature sensitivity. The mutants exhibited over 50 different patterns of suppression and most of the nonsense mutants appeared similar to nonsense mutants previously described. A total of 24% were suppressible by one or more of the UAA suppressors, 4% were suppressible by one or more of the UAG suppressors, while only one was suppressible by the UGA suppressor and only one was weakly suppressible by the frameshift suppressor. One mutant responded to both UAA and UAG suppressors, indicating that UAA or UAG mutations at certain rare sites can be exceptions to the specific action of UAA and UAG suppressors. Some of the mutants appeared to re- quire certain types of amino acid replacements at the mutant sites in order to produce a functional gene product, while others appeared to require sup- pressors that were expressed at high levels. Many of the mutants suppressi- ble by SUP46 and paromomycin were not suppressible by any of the UAA, UAG or UGA suppressors, indicating that omnipotent suppression and phe- notypic suppression need not be restricted to nonsense mutations.
    [Show full text]