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El Género Sphaerocavum Y Dominancia De S. Brasiliense Y Microcystis Wesenbergii (Microcystaceae, Cyanophyceae) En La Floración Algal De La Laguna Huacachina, Perú

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El Género Sphaerocavum Y Dominancia De S. Brasiliense Y Microcystis Wesenbergii (Microcystaceae, Cyanophyceae) En La Floración Algal De La Laguna Huacachina, Perú Revista Peruana de Biología ISSN: 1561-0837 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Perú Mendoza-Carbajal, Leonardo H. El género Sphaerocavum y dominancia de S. brasiliense y Microcystis wesenbergii (Microcystaceae, Cyanophyceae) en la floración algal de la laguna Huacachina, Perú Revista Peruana de Biología, vol. 23, núm. 1, abril, 2016, pp. 53-60 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima, Perú Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=195045766007 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Revista peruana de biología 23(1): 053 - 060 (2016) ISSN-L 1561-0837 SPHAEROCAVUM BRASILIENSE Y MICROCYSTIS WESENBERGII EN LA LAGUNA HUACACHINA doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v23i1.11835 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM NOTA CIENTÍFICA El género Sphaerocavum y dominancia de S. brasiliense y Microcystis wesenbergii (Microcystaceae, Cyanophyceae) en la floración algal de la laguna Huacachina, Perú The genus Sphaerocavum and the dominance of S. brasiliense and Microcystis wesenbergii (Microcystaceae, Cyanophyceae) in the algae bloom of Huacachina lagoon, Peru Leonardo H. Mendoza-Carbajal University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Branišovská 31, CZ– 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Departamento de Limnología, Museo de Historia Natural – UNMSM, Apartado 14-0434, Lima 14, Perú. Email Leonardo Mendoza-Carbajal: [email protected] ORCID Leonardo H. Mendoza-Carbajal: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-2772 Resumen En el presente trabajo se registra por primera vez a las cianobacterias Sphaerocavum brasiliense Azevedo y Sant’Anna y Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek) Komárek in Kondrateva (Microcystaceae, Cyanophyceae) en una floración algal de la laguna Huacachina (Ica), incluyendo el primer reporte del géneroSphaerocavum para el Perú. Se sugiere el monitoreo de estas cianobacterias por ser formadoras de floraciones algales. Palabras clave: Cianófitas; Microcystis; floraciones algales; Desierto costero; Ica. Abstract The present work registers for the first time the cyanobacteriaSphaerocavum brasiliense Azevedo y Sant’Anna and Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek) Komárek in Kondrateva (Microcystaceae, Cyanophyceae) in an algal bloom on Huacachina lagoon (Ica), including the first report ofSphaerocavum for Peru. We suggest the neces- sity of monitoring these bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Keywords: cyanophyta; Microcystis; algal blooms; coast desert; Ica. Citación: Mendoza-Carbajal L.H. 2016. El género Sphaerocavum y dominancia de S. brasiliense y Microcystis wesenbergii (Microcystaceae, Cyano- Presentado: 28/08/2015 phyceae) en la floración algal de la laguna Huacachina, Perú. Revista Aceptado: 28/03/2016 peruana de biología 23(1): 053 - 060 (Abril 2016). doi: http://dx.doi. Publicado online: 28/05/2016 org/10.15381/rpb.v23i1.11835 Journal home page: http://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/rpb/index © Los autores. Este artículo es publicado por la Revista Peruana de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), que permite el uso no comercial, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citadas. Para uso comercial, por favor póngase en contacto con [email protected]. Rev. peru. biol. 23(1): 053 - 060 (April 2016) 53 Mendoza-Carbajal Introducción Oscillatoria brevis Gomont, O. chalibea Gomont, O. maldona- Las cianobacterias son microorganismos fotosintéticos de doana Drouet, Spirulina subsalsa Gomont, S. major Gomont y naturaleza procariota capaces de colonizar numerosos ambientes Calothrix braunii Bornet ex Flahault (Aldave 1979). Thomas- acuáticos y terrestres (Castenholz 2001, UNESCO 2009). Su son (1960) hace referencia a un bloom de S. platensis Gomont fácil adaptación a ambientes de pH alcalino, alta radiación y (Geitler) (=A. platensis) en el año 1954, y Hegewald et al. (1976) elevadas temperaturas les ha permitido establecerse en diferentes registraron un bloom bacteriano producido por Lamprocystis cuerpos de agua alrededor del mundo (Chorus et al. 2000). Al- roseo-persicinum (Kützing) Schroeter, con unos pocos individuos gunas cianobacterias son capaces de formar floraciones algales en de A. platensis. ambientes lénticos, especialmente embalses y lagos eutrofizados, El presente estudio reporta por primera vez para el Perú a lo que ha conllevado a que se elaboren planes para su control y dos especies de cianobacterias formadoras de floraciones algales manejo (Chorus & Bartram 1999). pertenecientes a la familia Microcystaceae, Sphaerocavum brasi- Las floraciones algales, también llamadosblooms, son fenó- liense y Microcystis wesenbergii, en la laguna Huacachina (Ica). menos en los que una o unas pocas especies de algas dominan Material y métodos el fitoplancton de un ambiente acuático, mostrando un elevado Área de estudio. - La laguna Huacachina es un humedal número de células y/o colonias(UNESCO 2009). En los am- ubicado a 4 km al sur oeste de la ciudad de Ica y a 400 metros bientes acuáticos continentales las principales formadoras de sobre el nivel del mar. Sus aguas son salobres, alcalinas y de blooms son las cianobacterias (Paerl et al. 2001), que en muchos color verde, con predominancia de cloruro de sodio, carbonato casos pueden producir cianotoxinas, las cuales logran afectar las de sodio y bicarbonato de sodio (Maldonado 1943, Aldave cadenas tróficas acuáticas (Christoffersen 1996), e influenciar 1979). A pesar que su origen se debió a filtraciones de agua de la salud pública (Chorus & Bartram 1999, Codd et al. 2005, la capa freática, actualmente se considera un humedal de origen Falconer 1996, Jochimsen et al. 1998, Chorus et al. 2000). El artificial (ProNaturaleza 2010) debido a que se alimenta de agua conocimiento de las especies que forman blooms es considerado proveniente de pozos. de suma importancia, lo cual es reflejado en revisiones regionales sobre estos organismos (Sant’Anna et al. 2008, UNESCO 2009, La superficie total del cuerpo de agua ha disminuido con McGregor 2013). el tiempo de 3 ha (Maldonado 1943) a 1 ha (ProNaturaleza 2010). La vegetación circundante de la laguna Huacachina está Se han registrado numerosos taxa de cianobacterias planc- conformada principalmente de totorales (compuesto de Typha tónicas formadoras de floraciones algales en regiones tropicales domingensis Pers. “totora”), juncales (compuesto principalmen- y subtropicales. En Brasil (Komárek & Komárková 2002, te de Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz y R. Sant’Anna et al. 2004), Uruguay (UNESCO 2009), Argentina Keller) (Roque y Cano 1999), algunas especies leñosas propias (Otaño 2012) y Colombia (Palacio et al. 2015) se han realizado del desierto iqueño, como Prosopis pallida Humb. y Bonlp. ex importantes estudios sobre las cianofíceas formadoras de blooms. Willd., e introducidas, como Eucalyptus sp. y Ficus nitida Thunb. En Perú, estudios de cianobacterias potencialmente for- (ProNaturaleza, 2010). madoras de blooms se han realizado en humedales costeros Métodos.- Se colectaron 2 muestras de fitoplancton superfi- (Maldonado 1943; Montoya 1984, 2006; Montoya et al. 1995, cial en la laguna Huacachina, con coordenadas (14°05'17.7"S, 2012) y recientemente en el lago Titicaca (Montoya et al. 2014, 75°45'49.9"W, MUSML_PL_0059; 14°05'18.4"S, Komárková et al. 2015). Entre los humedales costeros, destaca 75°45'51.3"W, MUSML_PL_0061, 11 de julio de 2015). para los Pantanos de Villa el reporte de Microcystis aeruginosa Veinte litros de agua fueron filtradas con una red de plancton (Kütizing) Kützing (Montoya 1984, Montoya et al. 1995). En (20µm), y fijadas con formalina al 2%. los humedales de Puerto Viejo (Cañete) se tiene registro de Lyngbya hieronymusii Lemmermann [=Limnoraphis hieronymussi Las muestras fueron analizadas con un microscopio Nikon (Lemmermann) Komárek et al.], Anabaena sphaerica Bornet y Eclipse E2000. La toma de medidas morfométricas y microfo- Flahault, A. spiroides Klebahn [=Dolichospermum spiroides (Kle- tografías se realizó con la cámara Nikon DS-Fi2 acoplada con bahn) Wacklin, L. Hoffmann y Komárek], A. flos-aquaeBrébis- el software NIS Elements (version 4.10.01). Las mediciones son ex Bornet y Flahault [=D. flos-aquae(Brébisson ex Bornet celulares se realizaron en al menos 10 células por colonia ob- y Flahault) Wacklin, L. Hoffmann y Komárek], M. aeruginosa, servada, con un mínimo de 20 colonias por especie. Para una Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Ralfs ex Bornet y Flahault (Montoya mejor observación del mucílago colonial se agregó tinta china 2006), Romeria gracilis (Koczwara) Koczwara y R. leopoliensis en los preparados acuosos. (Raciborskii) Koczwara (Montoya et al. 2012). En el lago Titica- Se procuró la observación de diferentes estadios coloniales ca, Montoya et al. (2014) y Komárková et al. (2015) registran la para estudiar la variabilidad fenotípica de las especies. Las presencia de tres cianobacterias formadoras de floraciones algales: muestras fueron depositadas en la Colección de Plancton del M. aeruginosa, Limnoraphis robusta Nodularia Komárek et al. y Departamento
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