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A Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana E O Estado Brasileiro Estratégias De

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A Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana E O Estado Brasileiro Estratégias De UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SOCIAIS CAMPUS DE FRANCA LILIAN RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA ROSA A Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana e o Estado Brasileiro Estratégias de inserção política da Santa Sé no Brasil entre 1920 e 1937 FRANCA – SP 2011 LILIAN RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA ROSA A Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana e o Estado Brasileiro Estratégias de inserção política da Santa Sé no Brasil entre 1920 e 1937 Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História da Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais da Universidade Estadual Paulista – “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, para obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Área de concentração: História e Cultura Social Orientador : Prof. Dr. Ivan Aparecido Manoel. FRANCA – SP 2011 Rosa, Lilian Rodrigues de Oliveira A Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana e o Estado Brasileiro : estratégias de inserção política da Santa Sé no Brasil entre 1920 e 1937 / Lilian Rodrigues de Oliveira Rosa. –Franca : [s.n.], 2011 286 f. Tese (Doutorado em História). Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais. Orientador: Ivan Aparecido Manoel 1. Igreja Católica – Política. 2. Catolicismo – História – Brasil. I. Título CDD – 282.0981 LILIAN RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA ROSA A Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana e o Estado Brasileiro Estratégias de inserção política da Santa Sé no Brasil entre 1920 e 1937 Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, para obtenção do título de Doutor em História. BANCA EXAMINADORA PRESIDENTE: PROF. DR. IVAN APARECIDO MANOEL 1º. EXAMINADOR: PROF. DR. ARTUR CESAR ISAIA 2º. EXAMINADOR: PROF. DR. DANILO JOSÉ ZIONI FERRETTI 3º. EXAMINADOR: PROF. DR. UBALDO SILVEIRA 4º. EXAMINADOR: PROFA. DRA. VANIA DE FÁTIMA MARTINO FRANCA, 06 de Julho de 2011 Dedico aos pilares da minha vida: minhas filhas, Helena e Vitória, pelos sorrisos e olhares de carinho; meu marido, Izaquel, pelo companheirismo incondicional; meus pais, Célia e Aguinaldo, pelas tempestades que enfrentamos, sempre juntos. AGRADECIMENTOS Como no fazer histórico, também nos agradecimentos é preciso realizar escolhas, afinal, uma única página é inevitavelmente pequena para render tributo a todos que contribuíram para a nossa trajetória de vida, condicionada por uma relação constante de ensino e aprendizagem com as pessoas com as quais se convive. Por isso, iniciarei agradecendo a todos que ao longo do tempo me trouxeram até aqui, principalmente aos meus amados, Izaque, Helena, Vitória, Célia e Aguinaldo; à minha única irmã, Linete e minha avó Zaira. Todo o meu reconhecimento e admiração ao prof. Dr. Ivan A. Manoel, meu orientador, que mesmo nos momentos mais difíceis sempre encontrou tempo e paciência para me conduzir até este momento. Também devo agradecimentos aos amigos que direta ou indiretamente contribuíram para a conclusão desta tese: Benedita Luiza da Silva, minha grande amiga de todas as horas; Marlene de Cássia T. Ferreira, pela amizade e pelo carinho; Nainôra Maria Barbosa de Freitas, minha grande professora, pela leitura crítica e apoio em todos os momentos; Cícero Barbosa do Nascimento, pela leitura e pela ajuda na compreensão do “mundo da Igreja”; Cristiane F. Bezerra, pela revisão e palavras de incentivo; Antônio Alfieri, pelo profissionalismo com o qual trabalhou comigo nas traduções; Adriana Silva, pela confiança num momento crucial deste trabalho; Michelle Cartolano de Castro Silva e Tânia Cristina Registro, pelas discussões teóricas, pela parceria e carinho com o qual me ouviram tantas vezes. Meu reconhecimento a todos os meus companheiros do curso de História do Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá e da Secretaria da Cultura de Ribeirão Preto. Muito obrigada aos funcionários do Arquivo Secreto Vaticano, da Biblioteca Vaticana, do Arquivo Público e Histórico de Ribeirão Preto, do Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo, das bibliotecas da UNESP, do Seminário Maria Imaculada da Arquidiocese de Ribeirão Preto e da pós-graduação da UNESP de Franca. Meus agradecimentos para três instituições: a UNESP-Franca, onde realizei meus estudos desde o mestrado; ao Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, onde realizei minhas duas graduações e onde hoje trabalho como docente; e à Secretaria Municipal da Cultura de Ribeirão Preto, local dos meus afazeres diários na área de preservação histórica. Termino agradecendo a Deus, com o qual me reencontrei no percurso trilhado nesta pesquisa acadêmica. ROSA, Lilian Rodrigues de Oliveira. A Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana e o Estado Brasileiro. Estratégias de inserção política da Santa Sé no Brasil entre 1920 e 1937. 2011. 278 f. Tese (Doutorado em História) – Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Franca, 2011. RESUMO Esta tese descreve e analisa as estratégias de inserção política da Igreja Católica no Estado Brasileiro, com ênfase no período compreendido entre 1920 e 1937, tendo como base teórico-metodológica a história política e eclesiástica. Realiza a análise a partir dos documentos produzidos pela Secretaria de Estado da Santa Sé e a sua 2ª. Seção, a antiga Sacra Congregazione degli Affari Ecclesiastici , resultantes das suas relações com o Estado Brasileiro e com a alta hierarquia eclesiástica local. Identifica e explica os posicionamentos políticos da Santa Sé e da liderança eclesiástica brasileira diante da laicização estatal, à luz da política de Estado pontifícia, que já vinha sendo implantada desde o final do século XIX, com Leão XIII, sendo mantida e intensificada no período que é foco deste estudo. Busca compreender e elucidar a atuação da Secretaria de Estado da Santa Sé como órgão responsável pela implantação da política externa pontifícia e pela gestão do plano de expansão e de fortalecimento internacional da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana no Brasil. Analisa a romanização a partir de uma visão política, como uma forma de alinhamento institucional e doutrinário das Igrejas locais às orientações da Santa Sé, no concernia às relações com o Estado Brasileiro. Pragmaticamente, tal processo de romanização envolvia a consolidação de um modelo organizacional com características homogêneas, com procedimentos comuns e uniformizados, com o objetivo de “cerrar fileiras” contra a contínua laicização das instituições públicas e civis e contra o avanço do comunismo. Identifica e relaciona a influência da Igreja Católica na política interna brasileira. Palavras-chave: Igreja Católica. Estado Brasileiro. Estratégias políticas. ROSA, Lilian Rodrigues de Oliveira. Roman Catholic Church The and the Brazilian State. Strategies of political insertion of the Holy See in Brazil, between 1920 and 1937. Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Franca, 2011. ABSTRACT This study describes and analyzes the political insertion strategies of the Roman Catholic Church in the Brazilian State, particularly between 1920 and 1937, with political and ecclesiastic history as its theoretical-methodological base. The analysis was performed upon documents produced by the Secretariat of State of the Holy See and its 2nd Section, the former Sacra Congregazione degli Affari Ecclesiastici, resulting from its relations with the Brazilian State and the higher echelons of the local ecclesiastic hierarchy. The paper identifies and explains the political stands of the Holy See and the Brazilian ecclesiastic leadership regarding the secularization of the state, according to the pontifical state policy, which had been implanted since the late 19th century, with Pope Leo XIII, and maintained and intensified during the period focused in this study. It also attempts to comprehend and elucidate the workings of the Secretariat of State of the Holy See as the organ in charge of implanting the pontifical foreign policy, managing the plans of international expansion and strengthening the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil. This study analyzes the Romanization according to a political perspective, as a form of institutional and doctrinal alignment of the local churches to the orientation provided by the Holy See, according to its relations with the Brazilian State. Pragmatically, this process of Romanization involves the consolidation of an organizational model with homogenous characteristics, with uniform and standardized procedures, aiming to “close ranks” against the continuous secularization of the public and civil institutions. The study also identifies and relates the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in the internal affairs of Brazilian politics. Key Words: Roman Catholic Church. Brazilian State. Political strategies. ROSA, Lilian Rodrigues de Oliveira. La Chiesa Cattolica e lo Stato brasiliano . Le strategie della politica di inclusione della Santa Sede in Brasile tra il 1920 e il 1937. 2011. 278 f. Tesi (dottorato in Stória) – Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Franca, 2011. RIASSUNTO Questa tesi accademica analizza Le strategie di inclusione politica della Igreja Católica nello Stato Brasiliano, com particolare attenzione al período tra Il 1920 e Il 1937, é affiliata agli teorici e metodologici della storia politica ed ecclesiastica. Esegue l'analisi di documenti prodotti dal Segretaria di Stato della Santa Sede e la tua seconda sezione, l'antica Sacra Congregazione degli Affari Ecclesiastici, derivanti dalla sua relazione con lo Stato Brasiliano e com l'alta gerarchia ecclesiastica locale.
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