The Xewkija Parish MARK ZERAFA A Historical Perspective may have contributed to the Xewkijans’ desire to establish their own parish. According to an ancient tradition, St. Paul’s voice reached the area that is today occupied by the Bishop Michele de Molina made a pastoral visit village of Xewkija as he proclaimed the new faith to Gozo in November 1678; four Xewkijans in Mdina. The inhabitants immediately embraced - Giovanni Maria Azzopardo, Giovanni Maria the teachings of Christ and demolished an ancient Mercieca, Domenico Xuereb and Giovanni Maria pagan temple to make room for a Christian church. Pisano seized the opportunity to promote the cause Another legend claims that it was Paul himself and petitioned the Bishop to declare Xewkija a who recommended that the new church should be parish on account of an ever growing population erected in honour of the Precursor of Christ – St. which had soared to 650 by then. They also John the Baptist. Whilst these accounts must be reassured the Bishop that the necessary funding to fictional, the remains of a prehistoric temple were cater for the chaplain’s subsistence and the erection indeed unearthed in Xewkija in 1647. of a new temple would be made available, as each family pledged an annual contribution of two tari. Figures from a census carried out in 1667 show The Bishop agreed that the request was justified that the hamlet of Xewkija was then the fastest and on November 27th, Xewkija was proclaimed a growing community in Gozo, with 403 inhabitants parish, making the community the first village in in 90 households. The fertile soil in the area Gozo. Dun Grezz Farrugia was selected to be the and a proximity to the Citadel that would have first Parish Priest. provided instant refuge in the event of an invasion must have made the Xewkija area particularly The Old Church attractive. Notwithstanding a swelling population, the community was still dependant on the Rabat The first Xewkija parish church was constructed Parish. Practicality and a growing sense of identity in 1726 under Dun Dumink Abela (1694-1734) on Xewkija Parish Church. THE GOZO OBSERVER (No.28) - June 2013 11 The Rotunda. the design of Ġużeppi Azzopardi from Birgu. The within the Episcopal Archives of Gozo. The chief mason was Ferdinandu Valletta, a Gozitan. technique employed by Gallucci strayed from the Ten years later the belfry was constructed and the standard fresco methodology as the oil paint was church would be consecrated in 1755 by Bishop applied directly onto the stone. Sadly this work Paul Alpheran de Bussan. The plan was a standard was lost when the old church was demolished. cruciform layout, and had eight side altars with Fragments of it still survive however and are devotions as follows: to the left hand side of the exhibited in the museum of sculpture annexed main altar - Souls in Purgatory; the Holy Crucifix; to the present day Rotunda. It seems likely that the Immaculate Conception; and St. Andrew the sculpture within the church was created by respectively; whilst to the right of the main altar the brother of the celebrated Maltese Painter were altars to Our Lady of the Rosary; St. Elijah; Francesco Zahra, who himself created many of the Holy Family; and St. Anthony respectively. the paintings. The first bell to crown the church was a donation by Can. A. Gourgion. The temple received its The main painting in the church’s choir was a dome in 1830. representation of St. John the Baptist, clad in camel skin, preaching in the desert. This painting Giovanni Gallucci (1815-1882) was commissioned has traditionally been attributed to Mattia Preti, but to create the painting on the dome half a century Falzon (2005) postulates that this is in error and is later. This painting depicted the Glory of St. more likely to have been created by Gioacchino John the Baptist and showed the Saint, with open Loretta, a close colleague of Preti. It was donated arms, being crowned by God the Father. Gallucci to the Xewkija church by Bishop Molina whilst the received 625 scudi for his work and this is lateral paintings in the choir were donated by the documented in a receipt that has been conserved Cassar family in 1788 and represented the Birth 12 THE GOZO OBSERVER (No.28) - June 2013 and the Martyrdom of the titular saint, loosely that of the Gozo Cathedral. The facade may have based on originals by Caravaggio. been built on a design by Ġużè Diacono. The Rotunda Amongst the reasons for the delay in granting the necessary permits for the erection of the new The Rotunda of Xewkija is an impressive church were a concern that priceless art may be construction; internally, it measures 64 metres lost during the demolition of the old structure; and long and 43 metres wide. The internal diameter of that the Xewkijans may be left without a church to the dome is 24.5 metres. The dome is supported on meet their religious needs whilst work on the new eight ferroconcrete columns of height 13.5 metres. one was in progress. The columns represent the eight beatitudes. The church has six transeptal chapels, designed by Rev. Joseph Grech was installed as the new Parish Ġużè Galea. Priest of Xewkija on August 9th 1947. He brought with him renewed enthusiasm and energy and spared The need for a larger church to accommodate no effort so that the much coveted project would an ever growing population became evident and see the light of day in the shortest time possible. from time to time, renovations were carried out He met on various occasions with the Bishop of in an attempt to address this problem. Parish Gozo, Mons. Ġużeppi Pace; on the Sunday prior to Priest Pietru Pawl Ciantar (1865-1908) petitioned the feast of St. John of 1948, he proudly broke the the ecclesiastical authorities to approve the joyous news to his congregation, announcing that construction of a new church. This request was all stumbling blocks had finally been overcome. turned down however and in order to mitigate the He requested that all parishioners help in any way situation, the nave was extended and the church that they could, in the form of prayer, voluntary was given a new facade which was reminiscent of work and financial assistance. The interior of the Xewkija Parish Church. THE GOZO OBSERVER (No.28) - June 2013 13 Ġużè D’Amato was born in Sfax, Tunisia in In order to ensure that the people of Xewkija would 1886; he designed several churches in Malta, but always have a church to cater for their religious the Xewkija Rotunda must be his magnum opus; needs, the new church was built around the old sadly he died on May 26th 1964 and did not live to one. Until 1953, a chapel dedicated to St. Paul was witness the completion of this monumental work. annexed to the old church but this was demolished to make room for the new construction. Work on the foundations of the Rotunda started on November 19th 1951, on the insistence of Rock for the construction was initially quarried architect D’Amato, saying that his major projects from Barriera tal-Bur, limits of Għajnsielem; this always commenced on that date. A cross where was found to be of unsatisfactory quality so stone the choir of the new church was to be located was then quarried from St. Elizabeth Street in was ceremoniously placed on May 3rd 1952 after Sannat. Again, this yielded unsatisfactory results having been processionally carried through the so another source was sought. A quarry in Għarb main streets of Xewkija. The foundation stone, was the source of material until the temple was weighing approximately one tonne, was blessed completed. and laid by the Bishop of Gozo, Mgr. Joseph Pace a day later. Within a hollow in this stone were A project of such sheer magnitude would placed some silver and gold coins, relics of saints certainly require a steady stream of funding; and a parchment bearing the following words: yet the zeal and determination of the Xewkijans would not be dampened. The construction took AD MAJOREM DEI GLORIAM eighteen years to complete and at no point did AMPLIOREMQUE S.J. BAPTISTAE the process come to a standstill due to a dearth of PATR. cash. Devout parishioners contributed generously HONOREM in cash and gold items, whilst members of the EXCEL. IOS. PACE D.D. PH.D. I.C.D. clergy conducted door-to-door collections, with GAUDISIENSIS EPUS. households each donating a weekly shilling. On HUNC LAPIDEM ANGULAREM New Year’s Day, the Archpriest would receive AQUA LUSTRALI SPARGENS AC the strina – a cash gift. Farmers and fishermen PONENS used to donate a portion of their produce, such as AUSPICATUR ILLUD TAM turkeys, rabbits, eggs and roosters, which would EXPOTATUM ET EXPECTATUM have been put on sale alongside various household NOVA FORMA AC MIRUM SPLENDORE items on New Year’s Day, the Feast of St. John XEUKIANUM TEMPLANUM and the Feast of the Martyrdom of St. John. Two QUOD AFFABRE DESIGNAVIT major collections used to be held annually; one IOS. DAMATO INSIGNIS AC DE S.M. at end of the Lenten talks and another at the ECCLESIA conclusion of talks held on the occasion of the VALDE MERITUS ARCHITECTUS Immaculate Conception. Xewkijan emigrants ADM. REV. IOS GRECH from various countries also sent generous cash ARCHIPRESBYTERO gifts. The eight ferroconcrete columns were each PIO XIII PONT. MAX. ELIZABETHA funded by individual benefactors. The whole BRIT. REGINA construction cost £100,000; were it not for the FELICITER REGNANTIBUS untiring voluntary effort of the parishioners, a.d.