The Influence of Physical Transport and Nutritional Stress on the Zoeae of Estuarine Crabs

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The Influence of Physical Transport and Nutritional Stress on the Zoeae of Estuarine Crabs W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1997 The influence of physical transport and nutritional stress on the zoeae of estuarine crabs Lance Preston Garrison College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Garrison, Lance Preston, "The influence of physical transport and nutritional stress on the zoeae of estuarine crabs" (1997). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539616658. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-fy7n-rf95 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. 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Reproduced with with permission permission of the of copyright the copyright owner. owner.Further reproductionFurther reproduction prohibited without prohibited permission. without permission. THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL TRANSPORT AND NUTRITIONAL STRESS ON THE ZOEAE OF ESTUARINE CRABS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Lance Preston Garrison 1997 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9809819 Copyright 1998 by Garrison., Lance Preston All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9809819 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy . ----------------------------------- r ^ESnce P. Garrison Approved September, 1997 Romuald N. Lipcius, Ph. D. Committee Co-Chair/ Co-advisor Fu-lin E. Chu, Ph. D. Committee Co-Chair/Co-advisor <=W- ■%fann, Ph. D.Roger Jacques van Montfrans John Boon, Ph. D. Anson H. Hines, Ph. D. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater, MD Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Dedicated to Kimberly with grateful thanks for her constant love and support. “Why is the sea king of a hundred streams ? Because it lies below them. Therefore, it is the king of a hundred streams.” Lao Tsu Tao Te Ching Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................... vi FUNDING.....................................................................................................................vii LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................viii LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................... x ABSTRACT............................................................................................................ xii INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 2 Literature Cited.................................................................................................. 14 CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................. 17 Abstract............................................................................................................. 18 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 19 Materials and Methods ..................................................................................... 21 Results............................................................................................................... 31 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 65 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................. 71 Literature Cited ................................................................................................. 72 CHAPTER 2 .............................................................................................................. 76 Abstract............................................................................................................. 77 Introduction .........................................................................................................78 Materials and Methods ..................................................................................... 81 Results ............................................................................................................... 95 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 115 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................. 123 Literature Cited ................................................................................................ 124 CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................. 128 Abstract...............................................................................................................129 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 130 Materials and Methods .......................................................................................133 Results.................................................................................................................140 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Discussion ......................................................................................................... 174 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................180 Literature Cited ................................................................................................ 181 CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................................................. 185 Abstract............................................................................................................... 186 Introduction .........................................................................................................187 Materials and Methods ................................................................................... 190 Results............................................................................................................. 197 Discussion ...........................................................................................................226 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................ 230 Literature Cited .............................................................................................. 231 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......................................................................... 235 V ITA............................................................................................................................ 241 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. 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