Análisis De Registros De Aceleraciones Verticales En Caja De Grasa Y Correlación Con La Infraestructura Tesis Doctoral

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Análisis De Registros De Aceleraciones Verticales En Caja De Grasa Y Correlación Con La Infraestructura Tesis Doctoral UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID ETSI CAMINOS CANALES PUERTOS ANÁLISIS DE REGISTROS DE ACELERACIONES VERTICALES EN CAJA DE GRASA Y CORRELACIÓN CON LA INFRAESTRUCTURA TESIS DOCTORAL MARÍA JOSÉ CANO ADÁN INGENIERA DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS DIRIGIDA POR: RICARDO INSA FRANCO DR. INGENIERO DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS VICENTE CUELLAR MIRASOL DR. INGENIERO DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS 2015 DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL: TRANSPORTE Y TERRITORIO ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS DE MADRID TESIS DOCTORAL ANÁLISIS DE REGISTROS DE ACELERACIONES VERTICALES EN CAJA DE GRASA Y CORRELACIÓN CON LA INFRAESTRUCTURA Autor: María José Cano Adán Ingeniera de Caminos, Canales y Puertos Directores: Ricardo Insa Franco Dr. Ingeniero de Caminos, Canales y Puertos Vicente Cuellar Mirasol Dr. Ingeniero de Caminos, Canales y Puertos TESIS DOCTORAL ANÁLISIS DE REGISTROS DE ACELERACIONES VERTICALES EN CAJA DE GRASA Y CORRELACIÓN CON LA INFRAESTRUCTURA Autor: María José Cano Adán Directores: Ricardo Insa Franco Vicente Cuellar Mirasol Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 2015. TRIBUNAL CALIFICADOR Presidente D.: ……………………………………………………….. Vocal D.: ...…………………………………………………….. Vocal D.: ...…………………………………………………….. Vocal D.: ...…………………………………………………….. Secretario D.: .….....………………………………….…….…….. Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 2015 en Madrid. Calificación: …………………………………………………………… EL PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO No tengo talentos especiales, solo soy apasionadamente curioso. Albert Einstein Agradecimientos AGRADECIMIENTOS Quería en este espacio agradecer a todas las personas y organismos que de un modo u otro habéis participado en la realización de esta tesis y me habéis echado una mano para conseguir este reto que empecé ya hace unos años. Afortunadamente no he estado sola y me habéis apoyado, sobre todo en esos momentos donde las cosas no estaban saliendo como esperaba y sentía como todo el esfuerzo no iba a servir para nada. Espero no dejarme a nadie en el tintero y si así fuera, mil disculpas, todos sabéis, incluso del que me pueda olvidar, que estaré eternamente agradecida. En primer lugar me gustaría agradecer al profesor Manuel Melis por haber dispuesto a mi alcance los medios de la Cátedra para sacar adelante esta tesis doctoral, pero sobre todo su valioso tiempo y su dedicación. Su conocimiento en esta materia así como su orientación han sido fundamentales a la hora de elaborar este trabajo. He intentado reflejar en él aparte de los resultados obtenidos, el sentido de la responsabilidad académica que me has transmitido así como la pasión por el ferrocarril que ambos compartimos. Igualmente a mi director de tesis Ricardo Insa por ayudarme a sacar adelante este trabajo así como la divulgación científica de los resultados obtenidos y a mi codirector, Vicente Cuellar, por tu colaboración en el contraste de todos los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo y gracias también por tu amabilidad. Gracias a Renfe Operadora, que en el Convenio suscrito por la Cátedra, permite que estudiantes como yo nos adentremos en el conocimiento del ferrocarril. Rafa, gracias también a ti, por tu tiempo y tu paciencia. Nos hemos conocido en este trabajo y eso me ha permitido aprender mucho junto a ti pero sobre todo tú ejemplo a la hora de trabajar. Gracias por apoyarme y animarme en tantos momentos y gracias por ensañarme tanto, sin ti, este trabajo no hubiera podido salir adelante. Ha sido un privilegio contar con las lecciones magistrales del profesor Puy. Hace unos años, como profesor en las asignaturas de cálculo numérico y ahora profesor cercano para resolver los misterios de las ondas wavelet. Muchas gracias por compartir tu tiempo y tus conocimientos y sobre todo por tu trato cercano y personal. Agradecimientos En la Escuela, quisiera agradecer su colaboración al profesor Valiente, al profesor Albajar y a los compañeros del departamento de Puertos. Gracias por vuestra colaboración. Y también a mis compañeros durante unos años de la Cátedra de Ferrocarriles que de un modo u otro siempre me habéis ayudado y sobre todo a ti Pepe, gracias por compartir tu conocimiento, por tu ánimo constante y gracias por apoyarme en tantos momentos a lo largo de todo el proceso. Fuera de la Escuela quisiera agradecer la colaboración fundamental de Moisés Gilaberte y Cecilio Hernández. Gracias por el interés mostrado en este trabajo y por el siempre interesante contraste de investigaciones y sobre todo, gracias por vuestro tiempo. A mi familia, que espero que con este trabajo, estén un poquito más orgullosos de mí. A mis padres y hermanos, que me brindaron su apoyo incondicional desde el primer día de mi formación y me han ayudado durante toda mi vida, y sobre todo a ti Luis, fuente inagotable de paciencia y a mis pequeños, a Luis, a Pablo Nicolás y a la pequeña Almudena, que sois mis soles cada día. A vosotros como esposa y madre, mil perdones, pues habéis llevado el peso pesado de tantas horas de ausencia. Esta tesis es también vuestra en parte y os la dedico con todo el cariño. A todos os quiero agradecer vuestra ayuda, apoyo y comprensión que me ha hecho más fácil conseguir terminar esta tesis. Índice ÍNDICE RESUMEN 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. Conceptos básicos y ámbito de estudio. 1.2. Objetivos. 1.3. Metodología y fases de la Investigación. 1.4. Justificación de esta tesis. 2. LAS REDES FERROVIARIAS DE ALTA VELOCIDAD 2.1. Planes de desarrollo en Infraestructuras ferroviarias en España. 2.1.1. Plan Estratégico de Infraestructuras y Transporte, PEIT (Periodo vigencia 2005–2020). 2.1.2. Contrato Programa Administración General del Estado (Periodo 2007–2010). 2.1.3. Plan de Infraestructuras, Transporte y Vivienda, PITVI (Periodo 2012-2024). 2.1.4. La política europea de transportes. 2.1.4.1. Primeras Directivas europeas en materia ferroviaria. 2.1.4.2. Libro Blanco de la Comisión, de 30 de julio de 1996. 2.1.4.3. El Primer paquete ferroviario. 2.1.4.4. Libro Blanco de la Comisión, de 12 de septiembre de 2001. 2.1.4.5. El Segundo paquete ferroviario. 2.1.4.6. El Tercer paquete ferroviario. 2.2. El desarrollo de la Alta Velocidad Ferroviaria a nivel Mundial. 2.2.1. Los comienzos de la alta velocidad. Japón. 2.2.2. Los comienzos de la alta velocidad en Europa. Francia. 2.2.3. Alemania. 2.2.4. Italia. 2.2.5. Otros Países Europeos. 2.2.6. La alta velocidad en China. 2.2.7. La alta velocidad en Taiwán. 2.2.8. La alta velocidad en Corea. 2.2.9. La alta velocidad en América. Estados Unidos. Página - I - Índice 2.3. El desarrollo de la Alta Velocidad en España. 2.3.1. Descripción de la red. 2.3.2. Condiciones de explotación. 2.3.3. Características del material rodante que circula por las líneas de alta velocidad españolas. 3. LA SUPERESTRUCTURA EN LA LÍNEA DE ALTA VELOCIDAD MADRID- VALENCIA 3.1. Vía sobre balasto. 3.1.1. El carril. 3.1.2. Las traviesas. 3.1.3. Las sujeciones. 3.1.4. El balasto. 3.2. Vía en placa Rheda 2000. 3.2.1. Traviesa bibloque B355.3 PR U 60M. 3.2.2. Sujeción Vossloh IOARV 300-1. 3.2.3. Secciones tipo del Sistema Rheda 2000. 3.2.4. Proceso de montaje del Sistema Rheda 2000. 3.2.4.1. Replanteo y piqueteado de vía. 3.2.4.2. Colocación de las traviesas. 3.2.4.3. Hormigonado. 3.2.4.4. Soldadura aluminotérmica. 3.3. Vía en placa AFTRAV. 3.4. Traviesas con suela. 3.5. Vía en placa OBB in situ 4. INSPECCIONES Y AUSCULTACIONES 4.1. Control del estado de la vía. 4.2. Metodología de medición de la calidad geométrica y dinámica de la vía. 4.2.1. Inspecciones visuales, recorridos a pie y en cabina. 4.2.2. Auscultación geométrica. Parámetros de control. 4.2.3. Cuantificación de la calidad geométrica de la vía. 4.2.4. Auscultación dinámica. 5. MODELOS DINÁMICOS DEL BOGIE Y LA VÍA 5.1. Dinámica de vía básica. 5.2. Modelo de una masa. 5.2.1. Vibraciones libres. Amortiguamiento nulo. Página - II - Índice 5.2.2. Vibraciones libres. Amortiguamiento no nulo. 5.2.3. Soluciones por la transformada de Fourier. 5.3. Modelo de dos masas. 5.4. Modelo de tres masas. 5.5. Características mecánicas y frecuencias de vibración. 5.5.1. Frecuencia propia del eje montado (masa no suspendida). 5.5.2. Frecuencias propias de las masas semi- suspendidas y suspendidas, bogie y caja. 5.6. Comportamiento del eje montado. 5.6.1. Modelo de una sola masa. 5.6.2. Modelo de una sola masa. Vibraciones forzadas. 5.6.3. Estudio de amplitudes. 6. ESTADO DEL ARTE. ESTUDIOS DE LA ELASTICIDAD DE LA VÍA. 6.1. Coeficiente de balasto. 6.2. Módulo de la vía. 6.3. Rigidez vertical. 7. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA METODOLOGÍA EMPLEADA PARA LA AUSCULTACIÓN Y TOMA DE DATOS. 7.1. Material móvil. 7.1.1. Reseña histórica. 7.1.2. Principio tecnológico de los trenes TALGO. 7.1.3. Talgo 350. Serie 102- 112. 7.2. Metodología de auscultación y toma de datos. 7.2.1. Características y especificaciones de los acelerómetros. 7.2.1.1. Características de los sensores piezoeléctricos. 7.2.1.2. Características de los sensores capacitivos. 7.2.2. Instalación de los aparatos de medida. 7.2.2.1. Sensores. 7.2.2.2. Sistema GPS. 7.2.2.3. Sistema de adquisición de datos. 7.3. Documentación. 8. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA METODOLOGÍA EMPLEADA PARA EL TRATAMIENTO Y ANÁLISIS DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS. 8.1. Criterios de elección de las zonas de estudio. Página - III - Índice 8.1.1. Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid- Castilla la Mancha- Comunidad Valenciana- Región de Murcia.
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