DOCSLIB.ORG

Immunocytocheniical Localization of the a Subspecies of Protein Kinase

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Immunocytocheniical Localization of the a Subspecies of Protein Kinase Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 87, pp. 3195-3199, April 1990 Neurobiology Immunocytocheniical localization of the a subspecies of protein kinase C in rat brain (in situ hybridization histochemistry) ATSUKO ITO*, NAOAKI SAITO*, MIDORI HIRATA*, AKIKO KOSE*, TAKESHI TsUJINO*, CHIKA YOSHIHARA*, Kouji OGITAt, AKIRA KISHIMOTOt, YASUTOMI NISHIZUKAt, AND CHIKAKO TANAKA** Departments of *Pharmacology and tBiochemistry, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe 650, Japan Contributed by Yasutomi Nishizuka, January 2, 1990 ABSTRACT The distribution ofthe a subspecies ofprotein types, with limited intracellular localization. The present kinase C (PKC) in rat brain was demonstrated immunocy- studies were undertaken to identify a-PKC in the rat brain by tochemically by using polyclonal antibodies raised against a using immunocytochemistry, and the results show that this synthetic oligopeptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal PKC subspecies is enriched in particular cell types. sequence of a-PKC. The a-PKC-specific immunoreactivity was widely but discretely distributed in both gray and white MATERIAL AND matter. The immunoreactivity was associated predominantly METHODS with neurons, particularly with perikaryon, dendrite, or axon, Preparation of Antibodies Against a-PKC. The carboxyl- but little was seen in the nucleus. Glial cells expressed this PKC terminal portion of a-PKC (residues 662-672; Gln-Phe-Val- subspecies poorly, if at all. The highest density of immuno- His-Pro-Ile-Leu-Gln-Ser-Ala-Val) was selected as a se- reactivity was seen in the olfactory bulb, septohippocampal quence specific to a-PKC. The oligopeptide was coupled to nucleus, indusium griseum, islands of Calleja, intermediate keyhole limpet with m-maleimidobenzoic acid N-hydrox- part of the lateral septal nucleus, and Ammon's horn. A ysuccinimide ester. Rabbits were immunized with the immu- moderately high density of the immunoreactivity was seen in nogen by the method described (23, 24) and were bled 1 week the anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior commissure, cingulate after the third booster administration. The IgG fraction was cortex, dentate gyrus, compact part of the substantia nigra, obtained from the antisera by affinity chromatography on interpeduncular nucleus, inferior olive, and olivocerebeilar Sepharose CL-4B coupled to goat anti-rabbit IgG, and the tract. This distribution pattern was consistent with that ob- fraction was used as a-PKC-specific antibodies. tained by in situ hybridization histochemistry. The distribution Immunoblotting Analysis. Specificity of the antibodies was of a-PKC immunoreactivity was different from that of P(,- examined by immunoblotting analysis using the three sub- (,B-I and y-PKC immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that types of rat brain PKC (types I, II, and III) and four a-PKC is involved heavily in the control ofspecific functions of subspecies of PKC (a-, 13-, 1I-, and -PKC). These subspe- some restricted neurons. cies were purified from COS-7 cells transfected with the respective cDNA-containing plasmids as described (3, 4). Protein kinase C (PKC) was once thought to be a single The enzyme samples were subjected to NaDodSO4/7.5% entity, but molecular cloning and enzymatic studies have polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis as described by revealed that the enzyme is a large family with multiple Laemmli (25) and transferred to nitrocellulose paper. The subspecies. At least seven subspecies of PKC (a, 81, 813, y, paper was incubated with the a-PKC-specific antibodies, and 8, E, and D have been identified from analysis ofthe rat brain immunoreactive bands were visualized by the peroxidase- cDNA library (reviewed in ref. 1). Early enzymatic studies antiperoxidase method. have shown that rat brain PKC can be separated into three Immunocytochemical Staining. Frontal sections of the rat distinct fractions, types I, II, and III, by hydroxyapatite brain were prepared as described (21) by using a periodate/ column chromatography (2), which correspond to y-, ,1- and lysine/paraformaldehyde fixative containing 0.05% picric 813,-, and a-PKC, respectively (3, 4). These PKC subspecies acid. The sections were preincubated for 20 min with 0.3% are subtly different from one another in their kinetic prop- H202 and 5% normal goat serum in phosphate-buffered saline erties, mode of activation, and most likely substrate speci- (pH 7.4) containing 0.03% Triton X-100 (PBS-T), then incu- ficity (1, 5-8). Early analysis of the mRNA levels has bated for 18 hr at 4°C with the purified antibodies diluted indicated that a-, 1I-, and 81,-PKC are expressed in a variety 1:500 in PBS-T, washed, incubated for an additional 4 hr with of tissues, whereas y-PKC is expressed only in the central goat anti-rabbit IgG (MBL) diluted 1:500, washed, and incu- nervous system (9-12). Enzymatic and immunochemical bated for an additional 90 min with rabbit peroxidase-anti- analysis has also shown that a-PKC (type III) is most peroxidase complex (ICN) diluted 1:500. After three rinses, commonly distributed in many tissues and cell types (13, 14). the sections were developed with 0.02% 3, 3'-diaminobenzi- On the basis of these studies, it has been suggested that dine (Sigma) and 0.2% nickel ammonium sulfate in 50 mM a-PKC plays a role of crucial importance in the control of Tris-HCI (pH 7.4) with 0.005% H202. All sections were common processes in cell functions (1). observed and photographed under a Zeiss microscope. The Several laboratories have carried out immunocyto- pattern ofimmunostaining was analyzed on an IBAS II image chemical studies using antibodies specific to each type of analyzer (Zeiss). PKC (15-19). In earlier reports (20-24), with subspecies- In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry. A synthetic oligode- specific antibodies, it was shown that in the rat brain 1,-, 1I-, oxynucleotide complementary to the rat a-PKC sequence and y-PKC are differentially distributed in particular cell described by Ono et al. (26) was prepared with an Applied Biosystems DNA sythesizer (model 381A). The probe was The publication costs ofthis article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" Abbreviation: PKC, protein kinase C. in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. tTo whom reprint requests should be addressed. 3195 Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 31% Neurobiology: Ito et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87 (1990) buffer (pH 7.4), and the brains were dissected. Frozen sections 15 pim thick were thaw-mounted on poly-L-lysine- 204.9 * coated glass slides. The sections were treated with 0.25% acetic anhydride in 0.1 M triethanolamine/0.9%o NaCl (pH 8.0) and transferred through graded alcohols (70-100%) and 103.2w chloroform. After a 3-hr prehybridization in buffer containing 40% (vol/vol) formamide, 10% (wt/vol) dextran, 4x SSC (1x 67.5 SSC = 0.15 M sodium chloride/0.015 M sodium citrate, pH 7), 0.02 M Tris HCI (pH 7.4), 1 x Denhardt's solution (0.02% 41.8 x polyvinylpyrrolidone/0.02% Ficoll/0.02% bovine serum al- bumin), salmon sperm DNA (20 mg/ml), and yeast tRNA (0.25 mg/ml), hybridization was carried out at 440C for 24 hr 17.8 )m- in the same buffer containing 106 cpm of labeled probe. The section was washed three times in 1 x SSC/20% formamide a b C d e f g h at 460C and exposed to x-ray film for 3-7 days. FIG. 1. Immunoblot analysis with antibodies against a-PKC. Samples were subjected to NaDodSO4/7.5% polyacrylamide slab gel RESULTS electrophoresis. The proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose Characterization of Antibodies. Purified antibodies against paper, incubated with antibodies against the a-PKC-specific oligo- peptide (1:500 dilution), and visualized by the peroxidase- the oligopeptide specific to a-PKC detected a protein in the anti-peroxidase method. Lanes: a, marker proteins; b, crude soluble rat brain soluble fraction that corresponded to PKC with a fraction ofthe whole rat brain; c, type I PKC; d, type II PKC; e, type molecular mass of =80 kDa (Fig. 1, lane b). It was also shown III PKC; f, a-PKC; g, ,/3-PKC; h, ,/11-PKC; i, y-PKC. Molecular sizes that the antibodies detected the 80-kDa band only in the (in kDa) of marker proteins are indicated on the left. fraction of type III but not of type I or II PKC (Fig. 1, lanes c-e). The antibodies stained only a-PKC and not other complementary to bases 2257-2301, present in the 3' non- subspecies encoded by sequence f31, 1I,, or y (Fig. 1, lanes coding region of a-PKC cDNA. The probe was labeled at the f-i). 3' end by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and Immunocytochemical Localization of a-PKC. General dis- [a-35S]dATP. Anesthetized rats were perfused with ice-cold tribution of a-PKC immunoreactivity. Fig. 2 shows the fixative containing 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate patterns of immunostaining of a-PKC that were analyzed FIG. 2. Color images of the distribution of a-PKC immunoreactivity in frontal sections of rat brain [rostral (A) to caudal (G)]. The a-PKC immunoreactivity was localized by peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunocytochemistry. Relative density of the immunoreactivity is shown according to the color scale (highest density, red; lowest density, black). The highest density of immunoreactivity (red) was seen in the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb (A), indusium griseum (B), islands of Calleja (B), intermediate part of the lateral septal nucleus (B), and Ammon's horn (C). A moderately high density of immunoreactivity (yellow) was seen in the anterior olfactory nucleus (A), anterior commissure (B), dentate gyrus (C), cingulate cortex (C and D), compact part of the substantia nigra (D), interpeduncular nucleus (D), inferior olive (F), and olivocerebellar tract (F).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 10041.Full.Pdf
    The Journal of Neuroscience, July 23, 2014 • 34(30):10041–10054 • 10041 Systems/Circuits Frontal Cortical and Subcortical Projections Provide a Basis for Segmenting the Cingulum Bundle: Implications for Neuroimaging and Psychiatric Disorders Sarah R. Heilbronner and Suzanne N. Haber Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642 The cingulum bundle (CB) is one of the brain’s major white matter pathways, linking regions associated with executive function, decision-making, and emotion. Neuroimaging has revealed that abnormalities in particular locations within the CB are associated with specific psychiatric disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder. However, the fibers using each portion of the CB remain unknown. In this study, we used anatomical tract-tracing in nonhuman primates (Macaca nemestrina, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta)toexaminetheorganizationofspecificcingulate,noncingulatefrontal,andsubcorticalpathwaysthroughtheCB.Thegoalswere as follows: (1) to determine connections that use the CB, (2) to establish through which parts of the CB these fibers travel, and (3) to relate the CB fiber pathways to the portions of the CB identified in humans as neurosurgical targets for amelioration of psychiatric disorders. Results indicate that cingulate, noncingulate frontal, and subcortical fibers all travel through the CB to reach both cingulate and noncin- gulate targets. However, many brain regions send projections through only part, not all, of the CB. For example, amygdala fibers are not present in the caudal portion of the dorsal CB. These results allow segmentation of the CB into four unique zones. We identify the specific connections that are abnormal in psychiatric disorders and affected by neurosurgical interventions, such as deep brain stimulation and cingulotomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans Ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai
    Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai To cite this version: Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai. Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Frontiers, 2018, 12, pp.93. 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093. hal-01929541 HAL Id: hal-01929541 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01929541 Submitted on 21 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. REVIEW published: 19 November 2018 doi: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093 Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans J. ten Donkelaar 1*†, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer 2† and Jürgen K. Mai 3† 1 Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2 IMN Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, 3 Institute for Anatomy, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany The gyri and sulci of the human brain were defined by pioneers such as Louis-Pierre Gratiolet and Alexander Ecker, and extensified by, among others, Dejerine (1895) and von Economo and Koskinas (1925).
    [Show full text]
  • Connection Interfaces Between Neuronal Elements and Structures Inside Greater Limbic System
    Rom J Leg Med [21] 137-148 [2013] DOI: 10.4323/rjlm.2013.137 © 2013 Romanian Society of Legal Medicine Connection interfaces between neuronal elements and structures inside greater limbic system. Evaluation in forensic psycho-affective pathology Gheorghe S. Dragoi1, Petru Razvan Melinte2, Liviu Radu3 _________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: The authors achieved a macroanatomic analysis on the location and relations of neuronal structures and elements inside transitional mesocortex and archicortex in order to visualize the connection interfaces of greater limbic system. The analysis was performed on human encephalon using subsystems generally homologated by neuroanatomists: lobus limbicus, hippocampal formation, prefrontal cortex, lobus insularis and subcortical structures. Equally, they performed a research of the literature on the implication of connection interfaces from paralimbic, limbic and archicortex areas, into forensic psycho-affective ortology and pathology. The study draws the attention to time and space development of terminology and homologation of some new concepts bound to multifunctional subsystems such as: medial temporal lobe memory system, prefrontal cortex and limbic midbrain area. Key Words: greater limbic system, transitional mesocortex, archicortex euroanatomy registered remarkable progress (proneocortical or paralimbic zone and periarchicortical or by the diversity of morph-functional and limbic zone); hippocampal formation (with two regions: N anatomic-clinical
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Structure of the Spinal Cord. White and Grey Matters of the Spinal Cord
    Internal structure of the spinal cord. White and grey matters of the spinal cord. A 30 years old patient has been arrived in the neurosurgical department with stab wounds in the area of lowthoracic spine. During the examination was found that the knife blade passed between the procesus spinosus of 10th and 11th thoracic vertebrae and damaged posterior spinal cord. The fibers of which pathways have been damaged in this case? fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus fasciculus cuneatus fasciculus gracilis spinocerebellaris dorsalis spinocerebellaris ventralis A. skier dosen’t have knee-jerk after after spinal cord injury. Which segments of the spinal cord were injured? 2-4 lumbar segments of the spinal cord 1-2 cervical segments of the spinal cord 8-9 thoracic spinal cord segments 10-11 thoracic spinal cord segments 5-6 cervical segments of the spinal cord A patient has lost tactile sensitivity, body position sense and vibrations sense. Which pathways were damaged? fasciculus cuneatus et gracilis tractus reticulospinalis tractus spinocerebellares lateralis et ventralis tractus rubrospinalis tractus tectospinalis A 65 years old patient has been diagnosed with bleeding in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Which, by the function are anterior horns? Motional Sensitive Sympathetic Parasympathetic Mixed A patient has meningitis. The puncture of the arachnoid area was proposed. Determine shells between which it is located: Arachnoid and pia maters. The periosteum and arachnoid membrane. The solid and the arachnoid membranes. The periosteum and dura mater. The dura mater pia mater. A patient has severe headache, stiffness in the neck muscles, repeated vomiting, pain on skull percussion, increased sensitivity to light stimuli.
    [Show full text]
  • The Efferent Fibres of the Hippocampus in the Monkey by D
    J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 1952, 15, 79. THE EFFERENT FIBRES OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN THE MONKEY BY D. A. SIMPSON Fr-om the Department ofHuman Anatomv, University of Oxford Speculations upon the functions of the hippo- reviewed in some detail, for they appear to demon- campus have been numerous in the last few years strate significant phylogenetic variations in the and have led to some important experimental destiny of these fibres. studies. In the critical review by Brodal (1947) the obscurity surrounding the afferent connexions of the Material hippocampal complex was stressed. Since the Numerical Examination of Fornix Fibres.-As a publication of this paper, the hippocampal afferents preliminary to a detailed investigation of the destiny of from the cingulate cortex have been examined the fornix fibres, an attempt was made to estimate what experimentally in the rabbit (Adey, 1951) and in proportion of these fibres reach the mamillary body. the monkey (Adey and Meyer, 1952) by Glees' An approximate indication of this may be obtained by silver method, and Pribram, Lennox, and Dunsmore counting and comparing the number of fibres in the (1950) have presented electro-neuronographic experi- fornix before and after the departure of its precommis- ments on the connexions of the entorhinal sural component. and Selected portions of the fornix of a young, healthy prepiriform areas in the macaque. macaque were embedded in paraffin wax, cut trans- The efferent projection of the hippocampus has versely at 5[±, and stained with Bodian's protargol. Two been the subject of some recent experimental levels were examined quantitatively: the fomix beneath studies, notably those of Sprague and Meyer (1950) the corpus callosum, just behind the caudal extremity of on the rabbit, employing the Glees method, and of the septum lucidum, and the descending column of the Allen (1944, 1948) upon the dog, using both the fornix in the hypothalamus (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Cerebellar Histology & Circuitry
    Cerebellar Histology & Circuitry Histology > Neurological System > Neurological System CEREBELLAR HISTOLOGY & CIRCUITRY SUMMARY OVERVIEW Gross Anatomy • The folding of the cerebellum into lobes, lobules, and folia allows it to assume a tightly packed, inconspicuous appearance in the posterior fossa. • The cerebellum has a vast surface area, however, and when stretched, it has a rostrocaudal expanse of roughly 120 centimeters, which allows it to hold an estimated one hundred billion granule cells — more cells than exist within the entire cerebral cortex. - It is presumed that the cerebellum's extraordinary cell count plays an important role in the remarkable rehabilitation commonly observed in cerebellar stroke. Histology Two main classes of cerebellar nuclei • Cerebellar cortical neurons • Deep cerebellar nuclei CEREBELLAR CORTICAL CELL LAYERS Internal to external: Subcortical white matter Granule layer (highly cellular) • Contains granule cells, Golgi cells, and unipolar brush cells. Purkinje layer 1 / 9 • Single layer of large Purkinje cell bodies. • Purkinje cells project a fine axon through the granule cell layer. - Purkinje cells possess a large dendritic system that arborizes (branches) extensively and a single fine axon. Molecular layer • Primarily comprises cell processes but also contains stellate and basket cells. DEEP CEREBELLAR NUCLEI From medial to lateral: Fastigial Globose Emboliform Dentate The globose and emboliform nuclei are also known as the interposed nuclei • A classic acronym for the lateral to medial organization of the deep nuclei is "Don't Eat Greasy Food," for dentate, emboliform, globose, and fastigial. NEURONS/FUNCTIONAL MODULES • Fastigial nucleus plays a role in the vestibulo- and spinocerebellum. • Interposed nuclei are part of the spinocerebellum. • Dentate nucleus is part of the pontocerebellum.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Groningen Ultrastructural Localisation and Functional
    University of Groningen Ultrastructural localisation and functional implications of Corticotropin releasing factor, Urocortin and their receptors in cerebellar neuronal development Swinny, Jerome Dominic IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2003 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Swinny, J. D. (2003). Ultrastructural localisation and functional implications of Corticotropin releasing factor, Urocortin and their receptors in cerebellar neuronal development. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 04-10-2021 CHAPTER 2 The expression of Corticotropin releasing factor in the developing rat cerebellum: a light and electron microscopic study J.
    [Show full text]
  • Brain-Wide Genetic Mapping Identifies the Indusium Griseum As a Prenatal Target of Pharmacologically Unrelated Psychostimulants
    Brain-wide genetic mapping identifies the indusium griseum as a prenatal target of pharmacologically unrelated psychostimulants Janos Fuzika,b, Sabah Rehmana,1, Fatima Giracha,1, Andras G. Miklosia,1, Solomiia Korchynskaa, Gloria Arquea, Roman A. Romanova, János Hanicsc,d, Ludwig Wagnere, Konstantinos Meletisb, Yuchio Yanagawaf, Gabor G. Kovacsg, Alán Alpárc,d, Tomas G. M. Hökfeltb,2, and Tibor Harkanya,b,2 aDepartment of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; bDepartment of Neuroscience, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden; cSE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; dDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; eUniversity Clinic for Internal Medicine III, General Hospital Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; fDepartment of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan; and gNeurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Contributed by Tomas G. M. Hökfelt, October 10, 2019 (sent for review March 11, 2019; reviewed by Antonello Bonci, Beat Schwaller, and Carsten T. Wotjak) Psychostimulant use is an ever-increasing socioeconomic burden, circuitry to trigger addiction (2). Therefore, any brain region that including a dramatic rise during pregnancy. Nevertheless, brain-wide receives significant dopamine input is at risk upon excess exposure effects of psychostimulant exposure are incompletely understood. to psychoactive substances. Here, we performed Fos-CreERT2–based activity mapping, correlated The consumption of illicit or legal drugs during pregnancy is a for pregnant mouse dams and their fetuses with amphetamine, primary health concern.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Groningen Ultrastructural Localisation and Functional
    University of Groningen Ultrastructural localisation and functional implications of Corticotropin releasing factor, Urocortin and their receptors in cerebellar neuronal development Swinny, Jerome Dominic IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2003 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Swinny, J. D. (2003). Ultrastructural localisation and functional implications of Corticotropin releasing factor, Urocortin and their receptors in cerebellar neuronal development. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 01-10-2021 CHAPTER 3 The localisation of urocortin in the adult rat cerebellum: A light and electron microscopic study J.
    [Show full text]
  • Medulla Oblongata and Pons 1
    Brainstem: Medulla oblongata and pons 1. Overview of the brainstem – subdivisions 2. Embryonic development of the brainstem 3. Medulla oblongata – external features 4. Internal structure of the medulla oblongata 5. Pons – external anatomy 6. Internal structure of the pons 7. Fourth ventricle. Reticular formation Brain stem General organization 3 subdivisions: medulla oblongata pons midbrain 10 cranial nerves attached (with the exception of nn . I and II) motor and sensory innervation: face&neck pathway for: all fiber tracts passing up and down 3 laminae: tectum, tegmentum, basis neurological functions: survival breathing digestion heart rate blood pressure arousal being awake and alert Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 2 Brain stem Embryologic development Embryonic origin: mesencephalon midbrain rhombencephalon: metencephalon pons&cerebellum myelencephalon medulla oblongata Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 3 Medulla oblongata Medulla oblongata – external features synonyms: bulbus, myelencephalon shape – pyramidal or conical size: 3 cm longitudinally 2 cm transversally 1.25 cm anteroposteriorly 2 parts: lower, closed part upper, open part functions: relay station of motor tracts contains respiratory, vasomotor and cardiac centers controls reflex activities such as coughing, gagging, swallowing and vomiting Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 4 Medulla oblongata Medulla oblongata – anterior aspect anterior median fissure pyramid pyramidal decussation olive anterolateral sulcus hypoglossal nerve (XII) retroolivar sulcus
    [Show full text]
  • The UNC5C Netrin Receptor Regulates Dorsal Guidance of Mouse Hindbrain Axons
    The Journal of Neuroscience, February 9, 2011 • 31(6):2167–2179 • 2167 Development/Plasticity/Repair The UNC5C Netrin Receptor Regulates Dorsal Guidance of Mouse Hindbrain Axons Doyeun Kim and Susan L. Ackerman Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609 The cerebellum receives its input from multiple precerebellar nuclei located in the brainstem and sends processed information to other brain structures via the deep cerebellar neurons. Guidance molecules that regulate the complex migrations of precerebellar neurons and the initial guidance of their leading processes have been identified. However, the molecules necessary for dorsal guidance of precerebellar axons to the developing cerebellum or for guidance of decussating axons of the deep nuclei are not known. To determine whether Unc5c playsaroleinthedorsalguidanceofprecerebellaranddeepcerebellaraxons,westudiedaxonaltrajectoriesoftheseneuronsinUnc5c Ϫ/Ϫ mice. Our results show that Unc5c is expressed broadly in the precerebellar and deep cerebellar neurons. Unc5c deletion disrupted long-range dorsal guidance of inferior olivary and pontine axons after crossing the midline. In addition, dorsal guidance of the axons from the medial deep cerebellar and external cuneate neurons was affected in Unc5c Ϫ/Ϫ mice, as were anterior migrations of pontine neurons. Coincident with the guidance defects of their axons, degeneration of neurons in the external cuneate nucleus and subdivisions of the inferior olivary nucleus was observed in Unc5c Ϫ/Ϫ mice. Lastly, transgenic expression of Unc5c in deep neurons and pontine neurons by the Atoh1 promoter rescued defects of the medial deep cerebellar and pontine axons observed in Unc5c Ϫ/Ϫ embryos, demonstrating that Unc5c acts cell autonomously in the guidance of these axons.
    [Show full text]
  • Optokinetically Evoked Expression of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Inferior Olivary Neurons of Rabbits
    The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1993, 13(11): 46474659 Optokinetically Evoked Expression of Corticotropin-releasing Factor in Inferior Olivary Neurons of Rabbits N. H. Barmackl and P. Erricolv* ‘Devers Eye Institute and R. S. Dow Neurological Sciences Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97209 and *lstituto di Fisiologia Umana, Universith Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy, I-00168 We investigated the influence of both binocular and monoc- ferior olivary nucleus (Fox et al., 1967; Desclin, 1974). Each ular optokinetic stimulation on the expression of corticotro- cerebellarPurkinje cell receivesa projection from a singleclimb- pin-releasing factor (CRF), a neuropeptide, in inferior olivary ing fiber terminal that evokes a large EPSP, which in turn evokes neurons. Rabbits were placed at the center of a cylindrical multiple Purkinje cell action potentials (Granit and Phillips, optokinetic drum that rotated at a constant velocity of 5 1956; Eccleset al., 1966). One of the subdivisions of the inferior degrees/set, stimulating one eye in the posterior + anterior olive, the dorsal cap of Kooy, consistsof a group of 1500-2000 direction and the other eye in the anterior --t posterior di- neurons that encode visual stimulation in a three-dimensional rection. After 48 hr of optokinetic stimulation, rabbits were coordinate system that resemblesthat of the semicircular canals killed and the brains were prepared for immunohistochem- of the vestibular system (Simpsonet al., 1981). The most caudal istry. An antiserum to rat/human CRF was used to label brain- 500-600 pm of the dorsal cap consistsof a compact cluster of stem sections of optokinetically stimulated rabbits.
    [Show full text]