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Nuclear Power Facilities in the Great Lakes Basin

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Nuclear Power Facilities in the Great Lakes Basin Nuclear Power Facilities in the Great Lakes Basin Background Report Compendium of information related to the current status and decommissioning of Great Lakes nuclear power facilities to support the development of a Great Lakes Water Quality Board report Prepared for the Great Lakes Water Quality Board to be submitted to the International Joint Commission September 2019 Acknowledgements Ryan C. Graydon – Author and Primary Researcher [email protected] Paisley A. Meyer – Research Assistant [email protected] Mark J. Burrows – Project Manager, COR [email protected] Suggested citation: Graydon RC, Meyer PA, and Burrows MJ. September 2019. Nuclear Power Facilities in the Great Lakes Basin: Background Report. Prepared for the International Joint Commission’s Great Lakes Water Quality Board. For more information on this report, please visit https://ijc.org/en/wqb. Permissions With the permission of Canadian Standards Association, (operating as “CSA Group”), 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, ON, M9W 1R3, material is reproduced from CSA Group’s standard CSA N294-09 – Decommissioning of facilities containing nuclear substances. This material is not the complete and official position of CSA Group on the referenced subject, which is represented solely by the Standard in its entirety. While use of the material has been authorized, CSA Group is not responsible for the manner in which the data is presented, nor for any representations and interpretations. No further reproduction is permitted. For more information or to purchase standard(s) from CSA Group, please visit store.csagroup.org or call 1-800-463-6727. With the permission of Natural Resources Canada: Uranium and Radioactive Waste Division, material is adapted and reproduced from Inventory of Radioactive Waste in Canada 2016. Natural Resources Canada. © 2018 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources. For information regarding reproduction rights, please visit https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/terms-conditions/10847 or contact Natural Resources Canada at [email protected]. Cover Photos Front Cover Photo: On the shore of Lake Michigan near Charlevoix, Michigan, a 300-foot- (91-meter)-tall crane is positioned to begin dismantling Big Rock Point’s 240-foot- (73- meter)-tall ventilation stack. Photo courtesy of Consumers Energy (2004). Used with permission. Back Cover Photo: A large steam generator is removed from the Zion Nuclear Power Station in Zion, Illinois. Large components were removed after the spent nuclear fuel was relocated to the ISFSI. All the large components were classified as Class A radioactive waste and shipped by rail to the EnergySolutions Clive disposal facility located 75 miles (121 kilometers) west of Salt Lake City, Utah, in the state’s West Desert. Photo courtesy of EnergySolutions (2016). Used with permission. i Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ ii List of Tables .................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures...................................................................................................................v List of Photos .................................................................................................................. vi Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................................... viii 1. Introduction and Background .....................................................................................1 1.1 The IJC Boards’ Nuclear Studies ..............................................................................1 1.2 Project Goal and Objectives......................................................................................2 1.3 Document Purpose ...................................................................................................2 1.4 Methods ...................................................................................................................2 2. Nuclear Energy Production and Projections ...............................................................7 2.1 Nuclear Energy Production and Projections in Canada .............................................7 2.2 Nuclear Energy Production and Projections in the United States ...............................8 3. Nuclear Power Regulators ......................................................................................... 11 3.1 Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission .................................................................... 11 3.2 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission .................................................................... 24 4. Radioactive Waste Management ............................................................................... 33 4.1 Radioactive Waste Management in Canada ............................................................ 33 4.2 Radioactive Waste Management in the United States .............................................. 44 4.3 Global Perspective on DGRs .................................................................................. 49 4.4 Radioactive Waste Estimates at Closure ................................................................. 51 5. Operating Nuclear Generating Stations .................................................................... 55 5.1 Bruce Nuclear Generating Stations ......................................................................... 59 5.2 Darlington Nuclear Generating Station ................................................................... 63 5.3 Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant ................................................................................ 67 5.4 Enrico Fermi Nuclear Station ................................................................................. 71 5.5 James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant & Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station ....... 74 5.6 Point Beach Nuclear Plant ...................................................................................... 78 5.7 Robert Emmett Ginna Nuclear Power Plant ............................................................ 81 ii 6. Early Closure Announcements .................................................................................. 84 6.1 Pickering Nuclear Generating Station ..................................................................... 85 6.2 Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station ........................................................................ 89 6.3 Perry Nuclear Power Plant ...................................................................................... 94 6.4 Palisades Nuclear Power Plant ................................................................................ 98 7. Permanently Shut Down Nuclear Reactors ............................................................. 101 7.1 Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant ........................................................................ 103 7.2 Douglas Point Nuclear Generating Station ............................................................ 106 7.3 Big Rock Point ..................................................................................................... 109 7.4 Zion Nuclear Power Station .................................................................................. 113 7.5 Kewaunee Power Station ...................................................................................... 116 8. Proposed New Nuclear Power Reactors .................................................................. 119 8.1 OPG’s Proposed New Reactors at Darlington ....................................................... 119 8.2 DTE’s Proposed New Reactor at Fermi ................................................................ 121 Appendix A – Background Report Objectives ............................................................ 122 Appendix B – Contact Information ............................................................................. 124 Contact Information for the Nuclear Operators ........................................................... 124 Contact Information for the Nuclear Regulators ......................................................... 129 iii List of Tables Table 2-1. Nuclear Energy Production in the Great Lakes Region in 2017 ....................... 10 Table 4-1. CNSC Radioactive Waste Classification ......................................................... 35 Table 4-2. NRC Radioactive Waste Classification ........................................................... 46 Table 4-3. High-Level Radioactive Waste Inventory at Canadian Nuclear Reactors in the Great Lakes Basin in 2016 ........................................................................ 52 Table 4-4. High-Level Radioactive Waste Projections at Canadian Nuclear Reactors in the Great Lakes Basin ..................................................................................... 53 Table 4-5. High-Level Radioactive Waste Inventory in Dry Storage at ISFSIs in the U.S.-Section of the Great Lakes Basin ............................................................ 54 Table 5-1. Operating Nuclear Generating Stations in the Great Lakes Basin .................... 57 Table 5-2. Estimated Volumes of L&ILW Generated During the Decommissioning of BNGS A & B .................................................................................................
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