DOCSLIB.ORG

LIFE CYCLE and GENETIC DIVERSITY of WILLOW RUSTS (Melampsora Spp.) in EUROPE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LIFE CYCLE and GENETIC DIVERSITY of WILLOW RUSTS (Melampsora Spp.) in EUROPE ACTA AGROBOTANICA Vol. 64 (1): 3–10 2011 LIFE CYCLE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF WILLOW RUSTS (Melampsora spp.) IN EUROPE Joanna Ciszewska-Marciniak, Małgorzata Jędryczka Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Received: 19.11.2010 Abstract energy (Szczukowski et al. 2005; T rybush et The paper is a review of classical and recent studies on al. 2008), the study of its pathogens is regarded as sig- willow rusts in Europe, with special reference to short rotation nificant. coppice willows used for biomass production, such as common osier willow (Salix viminalis L.). The review presents the taxo- CLASSIFICATION OF RUST FUNGI nomic classification of rust fungi from the genus Melampsora spp. We present a list of telial hosts (genus Salix) as well as ae- The rust fungi belong to the class Pucciniomyce- cial hosts for different rust species. The life cycle of this fungal tes and the order Pucciniales. They contain about 7,000 pathogen is described in detail from the epidemiological and species (Webster and Weber, 2007), which are genetic point of view. The DNA polymorphism of M. larici- grouped in more than 100 genera (Cummins and epitea, the rust species most responsible for severe yield losses Hiratsuka, 1983; Ono and Aime, 2006). The po- of plant biomass, is characterised based on RAPD, AFLP and pular name “rust fungi” refers to the reddish – brown RFLP-PCR methods. colour of urediniospores which are produced in dense pustules on the host plant surface (leaf or stem), giving Key words: willow, Salix sp., rust, Melampsora spp., life cyc- them a “rusted” appearance. le, genetic diversity, short rotation coppice The rust fungi are unique in many aspects. They are biotrophs, i.e., they can thrive only on the living INTRODUCTION tissue of plants. Their life cycle is complex, consisting of five spore stages (Fig. 1). They are either heteroe- The leaf rust, caused by Melampsora spp., is cious or autoecious. Heteroecoius species infect two the most widespread and frequent disease of biomass plant hosts which are taxonomically unrelated to each willows (Salix), planted for renewable energy, in other. Autoecious species, on the other hand, complete many parts of Europe (P e i et. al. 1999; Samils, their life cycle on the same plant host. A significant 2001; M c Cracken and Dawson, 2003; feature of these fungal species is their host specifici- Rönnberg-Wästljung et al. 2008; Przy- ty, i.e., a specific group of rust is capable of infecting borowski and Sulima, 2010). It can defoliate a certain range of plant species (P e i et al. 2005). willows and predisposes them to other diseases. In The rust fungi cause diseases on a wide range extreme cases, it can reduce yield as much as 40% of plant species, including trees (e.g., willow, poplar, (Parker et. al. 1993). The willow rust, one of the pine, apple, coffee), cereals (e.g., wheat, oats, barley), most important limiting factors for biomass producti- vegetables (e.g., bean, asparagus), other field crops vity, is well established in the UK, and all countries of (e.g., cotton, soybean), and ornamentals (e.g., carna- Western Europe – especially in Sweden where willow tion, chrysanthemum, snapdragon) (A g rios, 2005). biomass production fields are frequent. The fungi of The taxonomy of the rust fungi bases on te- the genus Melampsora are damaging agents for wil- liospore morphology, however it has been changing lows in Poland (R emlein-Starosta, 2007; J e - throughout the years. At first, four families were dist- dryczka et. al. 2008). As the green energy is pro- inguished within the order Uredinales (now: Puccinia- jected to make an important contribution to the future les). Later, the number of families was reduced to two: 4 Joanna Ciszewska-Marciniak, Małgorzata Jędryczka Melampsoraceae and Pucciniaceae. Cummins and and Henderson (1966), based on Hylander’s sy- Hiratsuka (1983, 2003) proposed a 13- to 14-fa- stem, gathers various species and races that are similar mily system. In their system, only the genus Melamp- in morphology, but alternate on hosts of different ge- sora is included in the family Melampsoraceae. nera, into one collective species – M. epitea Thüm. TAXONOMY OF WILLOW RUST HOST GENUS SALIX The genus Melampsora was established by Willows (Salix L.) belong to the family of Sa- Castagne in 1843 (cited by Pei, 2005). The main licaceae. The genus Salix is one of the largest in the characteristic of the genus Melampsora is the forma- northern hemisphere, as regards woody plants. The tion of a subepidermal crust of sessile, single-celled number of described willow species varies between teliospores, which are visible as black spots on the 300 – 500 worldwide, with 270 species in China, 120 host’s leaf surface (gr. melas – black, psora – scab). in the former Soviet Union, over 100 in North Ameri- The genus Melampsora contains 80-100 species and ca, and some 65 willow species in Europe (A rgus, more than half have been described on Salicaceae. Of 1997; Pei, 2005). Salix species are insect-pollinated the 51 species introduced by Sydow and S ydow dioecious plants, which hybridize relatively easily. (1915), 10 were found on poplars (Populus) and 22 on This is the most probable reason of taxonomic difficul- willows (Salix), both belonging to Salicaceae (P e i , ties. Willows are grouped into subgenera, such as Ve- 2005). The most of Melampsora species causing wil- trix (shrub willows), Chamaetia (dwarf willows), and low and poplar rusts are heteroecious. Heteroecious Salix (tree willows). As far as there is an agreement rust species alternate usually on conifers, but also on among taxonomists on the recognition of species ty- dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants (P e i , pically forming trees (Salix), the classification of wil- 2005). Alternate hosts for the genus Melampsora fun- lows of the subgenera Vetrix and Chamaetia is proble- gi have been described by Gäumman (1959), and matical, because they differ widely in their morpholo- they are as follows: Abies, Allium, Euonymus, Larix, gy. Almost all willows planted for biomass production Ribes, Saxifraga, Viola, and some species of Orchi- belong to the subgenus Vetrix, which consists of 1520 daceae. The majority of autoecious fungi of Melamp- species (P e i et al. 1996). sora spp. occur on dicotyledonous plants (e.g. Euphor- biaceae and Linaceae) (P e i et al. 2005), and there is LIFE CYCLE one autoecious species, M. amygdalinae Kleb., which occurs on willow plants (S ydow and Sydow, The life cycle of the fungi belonging to the ge- 1915; Gäumman, 1959). It was proved that the oc- nus Melamspora is complex, including five different currence of an alternate host adjacent to the primary spore stages, i.e., basidiospores, spermatia, aeciospo- willow host caused earlier and more severe rust attacks res, urediniospores, and teliospores (Fig. 1). It is pro- (Samils et al. 2001b). bably the most complex life cycle found anywhere in The taxonomy of fungal species belonging to nature (Webster and Weber, 2007). Melampsora spp. is unclear. Within willow rust spe- The spread of rust on a willow host takes place cies, special forms and pathotypes can occur, each ca- during the summer and includes several repeated cycles pable of infecting certain group of willow plants (P e i of clonal propagation of urediniospores. The uredinio- et al. 1996; Samils et al. 2003). Moreover, the oc- spores are capable to produce the next generation in 6-7 currence of these special forms and pathotypes may days (Pei et. al. 1996). The fungus develops telio- vary between geographical regions (P e i et al. 1999). spores in late summer and autumn, and overwinters on Many rust species were described in the late 19th to fallen willow leaves. In the spring, they germinate to early 20th century and they were established based on produce basidiospores which are capable to infect the their morphology, alternate host and the telial host alternate host – larch (Larix), on which asexual repro- range (Gäumman, 1959; L eppik, 1972; Savi- duction takes place. Fertilization between spermatia le, 1976; Cummins and Hiratsuka, 2003). and receptive hyphae results in the formation of recom- The fact that host ranges of different rust species often binant aeciospores. The aeciospores infect new willow overlap and that these species are indistinguishable in leaves in the early summer, and in this way the life morphology, causes many difficulties in proper identi- cycle is completed. The spore stages differ, according fication of Melampsora species. Gäumman (1959) to their nuclear condition. The basidiospores and sper- proposed a taxonomic system that regards rust fungi matia are monocarytotic, containing a single haploid with different alternate hosts as distinct species. H y - nucleus (1n), while aeciospores and urediniospores are lander et al. (1953) recognized Melampsora epitea dikaryotic, having two haploid nuclei (1n + 1n). The te- Thüm. as a complex species to include species of simi- liospores are dikaryotic in the early phase, but later the lar morphology. Another system created by Wilson two nuclei fuse (2n) forming a diploid cell (Fig. 2). Life cycle and genetic diversIty of willow rusts (Melampsora spp.) in Europe 5 Fig. 1. The life cycle of Melampsora spp. Fig. 2. Nuclei of Melampsora spp. at different stages of the fungus life cycle 6 Joanna Ciszewska-Marciniak, Małgorzata Jędryczka RUSTS SPECIES f.sp. larici – purpurea Schneid., f.sp. larici – retusae ON WILLOW PLANTS Fischer, f.sp. larici – reticulate (Sydow and Sy- dow, 1915; Gäumman, 1959). M. larici – epitea Of all willow species, the most popular in bio- was observed on several willow species, i.e. S. aurita, mass plantations is common osier willow S. viminalis S. caprea, S. cinerea, S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Melampsora Medusae
    European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization PM 7/93 (1) Organisation Europe´enne et Me´diterrane´enne pour la Protection des Plantes Diagnostics Diagnostic Melampsora medusae Specific scope Specific approval and amendment This standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Melampsora Approved in 2009–09. medusae1 Populus trichocarpa, and their interspecific hybrids (Frey et al., Introduction 2005). In Europe, most of the cultivated poplars are P. · eur- Melampsora medusae Thu¨men is one of the causal agents of americana (P. deltoides · P. nigra)andP. · interamericana poplar rust. The main species involved in this disease in Europe (P. trichocarpa · P. deltoides) hybrids. In addition, Shain (1988) on cultivated poplars are Melampsora larici-populina and showed evidence for the existence of two formae speciales within Melampsora allii-populina. All three species cause abundant M. medusae and named them M. medusae f. sp. deltoidae and uredinia production on leaves, which can lead to premature M. medusae f. sp. tremuloidae according to their primary host, defoliation and growth reduction. After several years of severe Populus deltoides and Populus tremuloides, respectively. Neither infection leading to repeated defoliation, the disease may predis- the EU directive, nor the EPPO make the distinction between pose the trees to dieback or even death for the younger trees. these two formae speciales but only refer to M. medusae.Not- Melampsora rust is a very common disease of poplar trees, which withstanding, since M. medusae was only reported in Europe on can cause severe economic losses in commercial poplar cultiva- poplars from the sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca,andin tion because of the emergence and spread of new pathotypes of respect with the host specialization, it can be stated that only M.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthase-Like Terpene
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Evolution of isoprenyl diphosphate synthase‑like terpene synthases in fungi Guo Wei1, Franziska Eberl2, Xinlu Chen1, Chi Zhang1, Sybille B. Unsicker2, Tobias G. Köllner2, Jonathan Gershenzon2 & Feng Chen1* Terpene synthases (TPSs) and trans‑isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDSs) are among the core enzymes for creating the enormous diversity of terpenoids. Despite having no sequence homology, TPSs and IDSs share a conserved “α terpenoid synthase fold” and a trinuclear metal cluster for catalysis, implying a common ancestry with TPSs hypothesized to evolve from IDSs anciently. Here we report on the identifcation and functional characterization of novel IDS-like TPSs (ILTPSs) in fungi that evolved from IDS relatively recently, indicating recurrent evolution of TPSs from IDSs. Through large-scale bioinformatic analyses of fungal IDSs, putative ILTPSs that belong to the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) family of IDSs were identifed in three species of Melampsora. Among the GGDPS family of the two Melampsora species experimentally characterized, one enzyme was verifed to be bona fde GGDPS and all others were demonstrated to function as TPSs. Melampsora ILTPSs displayed kinetic parameters similar to those of classic TPSs. Key residues underlying the determination of GGDPS versus ILTPS activity and functional divergence of ILTPSs were identifed. Phylogenetic analysis implies a recent origination of these ILTPSs from a GGDPS progenitor in fungi, after the split of Melampsora from other genera within the class of Pucciniomycetes. For the poplar leaf rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina, the transcripts of its ILTPS genes were detected in infected poplar leaves, suggesting possible involvement of these recently evolved ILTPS genes in the infection process.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Health Conditions in Alaska 2020
    Forest Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Alaska Region | R10-PR-046 | April 2021 Forest Health Conditions in Alaska - 2020 A Forest Health Protection Report U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, State & Private Forestry, Alaska Region Karl Dalla Rosa, Acting Director for State & Private Forestry, 1220 SW Third Avenue, Portland, OR 97204, [email protected] Michael Shephard, Deputy Director State & Private Forestry, 161 East 1st Avenue, Door 8, Anchorage, AK 99501, [email protected] Jason Anderson, Acting Deputy Director State & Private Forestry, 161 East 1st Avenue, Door 8, Anchorage, AK 99501, [email protected] Alaska Forest Health Specialists Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, http://www.fs.fed.us/r10/spf/fhp/ Anchorage, Southcentral Field Office 161 East 1st Avenue, Door 8, Anchorage, AK 99501 Phone: (907) 743-9451 Fax: (907) 743-9479 Betty Charnon, Invasive Plants, FHM, Pesticides, [email protected]; Jessie Moan, Entomologist, [email protected]; Steve Swenson, Biological Science Technician, [email protected] Fairbanks, Interior Field Office 3700 Airport Way, Fairbanks, AK 99709 Phone: (907) 451-2799, Fax: (907) 451-2690 Sydney Brannoch, Entomologist, [email protected]; Garret Dubois, Biological Science Technician, [email protected]; Lori Winton, Plant Pathologist, [email protected] Juneau, Southeast Field Office 11175 Auke Lake Way, Juneau, AK 99801 Phone: (907) 586-8811; Fax: (907) 586-7848 Isaac Dell, Biological Scientist, [email protected]; Elizabeth Graham, Entomologist, [email protected]; Karen Hutten, Aerial Survey Program Manager, [email protected]; Robin Mulvey, Plant Pathologist, [email protected] State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry 550 W 7th Avenue, Suite 1450, Anchorage, AK 99501 Phone: (907) 269-8460; Fax: (907) 269-8931 Jason Moan, Forest Health Program Coordinator, [email protected]; Martin Schoofs, Forest Health Forester, [email protected] University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service 219 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Whole Genome Comparative Analysis Of
    Whole genome comparative analysis of transposable elements provides new insight into mechanisms of their inactivation in fungal genomes Joelle Amselem, Marc-Henri Lebrun, Hadi Quesneville To cite this version: Joelle Amselem, Marc-Henri Lebrun, Hadi Quesneville. Whole genome comparative analysis of trans- posable elements provides new insight into mechanisms of their inactivation in fungal genomes. BMC Genomics, BioMed Central, 2015, 16 (1), pp.141. 10.1186/s12864-015-1347-1. hal-01142763 HAL Id: hal-01142763 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01142763 Submitted on 15 Apr 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Amselem et al. BMC Genomics (2015) 16:141 DOI 10.1186/s12864-015-1347-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Whole genome comparative analysis of transposable elements provides new insight into mechanisms of their inactivation in fungal genomes Joëlle Amselem1,2*, Marc-Henri Lebrun2 and Hadi Quesneville1 Abstract Background: Transposable Elements (TEs) are key components that shape the organization and evolution of genomes. Fungi have developed defense mechanisms against TE invasion such as RIP (Repeat-Induced Point mutation), MIP (Methylation Induced Premeiotically) and Quelling (RNA interference). RIP inactivates repeated sequences by promoting Cytosine to Thymine mutations, whereas MIP only methylates TEs at C residues.
    [Show full text]
  • 27. Poplar Leaf Rusts Michael E
    Hardwood Diseases 27. Poplar Leaf Rusts Michael E. Ostry and Jennifer Juzwik Hosts All Populus species are potential hosts of poplar leaf rust fungi, Melamp­ sora species. Distinguishing different leaf rust species is often problematic. Com­ plexity in leaf rust situations is related to the extensive planting of many poplar species and interspecific hybrids, natural or human­aided movement of Melampsora species into new geographic regions, and the occurrence of Melampsora races (formae speciales). Furthermore, mixed race infections on single leaves and the evolution of natural hybrids of rust fungi contribute to this complexity. A critical need exists for monitoring poplar rust Figure 27.1—Uredinia pustules with urediniospores of Melampsora medusae on poplar leaf. Photo by Michael E. populations in this intricate system. Two Ostry, USDA Forest Service. poplar leaf rusts are dominant in the United States. In the East, larch is the alternate host of M. medusae; in the West, Douglas­ fir is the alternate host for M. occidentalis. Infection of coniferous alternate hosts is confined to young needles and the damage is usually minor. Distribution Melampsora leaf rusts affect native and introduced hybrid poplars throughout North America. Damage Leaf rust can cause partial or com­ plete defoliation by midsummer, reducing Figure 27.2—Uredinia pustules with urediniospores of Melampsora occidentalis on poplar leaf. Photo by seedling vigor and quality. Premature Michael E. Ostry, USDA Forest Service. defoliation can predispose seedlings to environmental stresses and invasion by secondary damaging agents. rupture, large numbers of powdery and release powdery aeciospores. Aecia urediniospores are released. From late are preceded by an inconspicuous stage Diagnosis summer to autumn, yellowish crusts (pycnia) that produce their pycniospores (telia), darkening to brown, are produced in droplets (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes, Outline and Divergence Times of Basidiomycota
    Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,- volV) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota 1,2,3 1,4 3 5 5 Mao-Qiang He • Rui-Lin Zhao • Kevin D. Hyde • Dominik Begerow • Martin Kemler • 6 7 8,9 10 11 Andrey Yurkov • Eric H. C. McKenzie • Olivier Raspe´ • Makoto Kakishima • Santiago Sa´nchez-Ramı´rez • 12 13 14 15 16 Else C. Vellinga • Roy Halling • Viktor Papp • Ivan V. Zmitrovich • Bart Buyck • 8,9 3 17 18 1 Damien Ertz • Nalin N. Wijayawardene • Bao-Kai Cui • Nathan Schoutteten • Xin-Zhan Liu • 19 1 1,3 1 1 1 Tai-Hui Li • Yi-Jian Yao • Xin-Yu Zhu • An-Qi Liu • Guo-Jie Li • Ming-Zhe Zhang • 1 1 20 21,22 23 Zhi-Lin Ling • Bin Cao • Vladimı´r Antonı´n • Teun Boekhout • Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva • 18 24 25 26 27 Eske De Crop • Cony Decock • Ba´lint Dima • Arun Kumar Dutta • Jack W. Fell • 28 29 30 31 Jo´ zsef Geml • Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad • Admir J. Giachini • Tatiana B. Gibertoni • 32 33,34 17 35 Sergio P. Gorjo´ n • Danny Haelewaters • Shuang-Hui He • Brendan P. Hodkinson • 36 37 38 39 40,41 Egon Horak • Tamotsu Hoshino • Alfredo Justo • Young Woon Lim • Nelson Menolli Jr. • 42 43,44 45 46 47 Armin Mesˇic´ • Jean-Marc Moncalvo • Gregory M. Mueller • La´szlo´ G. Nagy • R. Henrik Nilsson • 48 48 49 2 Machiel Noordeloos • Jorinde Nuytinck • Takamichi Orihara • Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan • 50,51 52 53 Mario Rajchenberg • Alexandre G.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Record of a North American Poplar Leaf Rust Fungus, Melampsora Medusae, in China
    Article The First Record of a North American Poplar Leaf Rust Fungus, Melampsora medusae, in China Wei Zheng 1, George Newcombe 2 , Die Hu 3,4, Zhimin Cao 1, Zhongdong Yu 1,* and Zijia Peng 1 1 College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; [email protected] (W.Z.); [email protected] (Z.C.); [email protected] (Z.P.) 2 College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; [email protected] 3 College Life of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; [email protected] 4 College of Agricultural Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, ID 2570, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-137-7214-2978 Received: 5 January 2019; Accepted: 19 February 2019; Published: 20 February 2019 Abstract: A wide range of species and hybrids of black and balsam poplars or cottonwoods (Populus L., sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca) grow naturally, or have been introduced to grow in plantations in China. Many species of Melampsora can cause poplar leaf rust in China, and their distributions and host specificities are not entirely known. This study was prompted by the new susceptibility of a previously resistant cultivar, cv. ‘Zhonghua hongye’ of Populus deltoides (section Aigeiros), as well as by the need to know more about the broader context of poplar leaf rust in China. Rust surveys from 2015 through 2018 in Shaanxi, Sichuan, Gansu, Henan, Shanxi, Qinghai, Beijing, and Inner Mongolia revealed some samples with urediniospores with the echinulation pattern of M. medusae. The morphological characteristics of urediniospores and teliospores from poplar species of the region were further examined with light and scanning electron microscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights from Genomics and Transcriptomics Stéphane Hacquard, Benjamin Petre, Pascal Frey, Arnaud Hecker, Nicolas Rouhier, Sébastien Duplessis
    The poplar-poplar rust interaction: insights from genomics and transcriptomics Stéphane Hacquard, Benjamin Petre, Pascal Frey, Arnaud Hecker, Nicolas Rouhier, Sébastien Duplessis To cite this version: Stéphane Hacquard, Benjamin Petre, Pascal Frey, Arnaud Hecker, Nicolas Rouhier, et al.. The poplar- poplar rust interaction: insights from genomics and transcriptomics. Journal of Pathogens, 2011, EPUB 2011. hal-02642064 HAL Id: hal-02642064 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02642064 Submitted on 28 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research Journal of Pathogens Volume 2011, Article ID 716041, 11 pages doi:10.4061/2011/716041 Review Article The Poplar-Poplar Rust Interaction: Insights from Genomics and Transcriptomics Stephane´ Hacquard, Benjamin Petre, Pascal Frey, Arnaud Hecker, Nicolas Rouhier, and Sebastien´ Duplessis Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nancy Universit´e, Unit´e Mixte de Recherche 1136, “Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,” Centre INRA de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France Correspondence should be addressed to Sebastien´ Duplessis, [email protected] Received 6 April 2011; Accepted 28 June 2011 Academic Editor: Brett Tyler Copyright © 2011 Stephane´ Hacquard et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Melampsora Rust on Salix Elbursensis from Iran
    For. Path. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00699.x Ó 2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH A new species of Melampsora rust on Salix elbursensis from Iran By S. M. Damadi1,5, M. H. Pei2, J. A. Smith3 and M. Abbasi4 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran; 2Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK; 3School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; 4Plant Pests & Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; 5E-mail: [email protected] (for correspondence) Summary A rust fungus was found causing stem cankers on 1- to 5-year-old stems of Salix elbursensis in the north west of Iran. The rust also forms uredinia on leaves and flowers of the host willow. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the new rust is morphologically distinct from several Melampsora species occurring on the willows taxonomically close to S. elbursensis, but indistinguish- able from Melampsora larici-epitea. Examination of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA suggested that the rust fungus is phylogenetically close to Melampsora allii-populina and Melampsora pruinosae on Populus spp. Based on both the morphological characteristics and the ITS sequence data, the rust is described as a new species – Melampsora iranica sp. nov. 1 Introduction The genus Melampsora was established by Castagne in 1843 based on the rust on Euphorbia, Melampsora euphorbiae (Schub.) Cast. (Castagne 1843). The main character- istic of the genus Melampsora is the formation of ÔnakedÕ uredinia and crust-like telia that comprise sessile, laterally adherent single-celled teliospores. Of some 80 Melampsora spp.
    [Show full text]
  • New Reports of Melampsora Rust (Pucciniomycetes) on the Salix Retusa Complex in Balkan Countries
    (2020) 44 (1): 89-93 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/BOTSERB2001089S journal homepage: botanicaserbica.bio.bg.ac.rs Original Scientific Report New reports of Melampsora rust (Pucciniomycetes) on the Salix retusa complex in Balkan countries Miloš Stupar✳, Milica Ljaljević Grbić, Jelena Vukojević and Dmitar Lakušić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia ✳ correspondence: [email protected] Keywords: ABSTRACT: plant pathogen, distribution, Melampsora epitea, known to cause rust on the complex of Salix retusa prostrate Melampsora epitea, basidiomycete, willows distributed in the subalpine and alpine belt of the mountains of Central snow willows Europe, is here documented for the first time in Montenegro and North Macedonia growing at six localities. It is not new for Serbia, but the records come from a newly reported host, namely Salix serpyllifolia. The pathogen’s distribution presumably is UDC: 528.28:582.681.81(234.42) wider than initially believed, and further surveys need to be conducted. Received: 09 January 2020 Revision accepted: 04 February 2020 During field investigation of the complex of Salix retusa were collected, placed in bags and transported to a labo- (family Salicaceae) on the Balkan Peninsula, six popula- ratory in the Department of Algology, Mycology and Li- tions with many individuals infected with rust fungus chenology of Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade for were documented (Fig. 1). proper screening of symptoms, documented and used for The complex of Salix retusa includes S. retusa L. (s.str), further analyses by light and scanning microscopy. Symp- S.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Composition and Distribution of Rust Fungi in Zailisky Alatau (Kazakhstan)
    BIO Web of Conferences 24, 00069 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202400069 International Conferences “Plant Diversity: Status, Trends, Conservation Concept” 2020 Species composition and distribution of rust fungi in Zailisky Alatau (Kazakhstan) Yelena Rakhimova1*, Gulnaz Sypabekkyzy1, 2, Lyazzat Kyzmetova1, and Assem Assylbek1 1Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan 2al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan Abstract. Mycobiota of the Zailisky Alatau includes 176 species of rust fungi, the Microbotryomycetes class has 5 species, the Pucciniomycetes class is represented with 171 species. The largest number of species is characteristic of the genera Puccinia (98 species) and Uromyces (24 species). Others genera are represented with 1–13 species. The greatest number of species of rust fungi is noted for altitudes of 1700-1900 and 1900-2100 m above sea level, what correlates with the vegetation zone of dark coniferous forests and meadows. Great aridity does not allow fungi to develop intensively in the lower foothills and steppe zone, and low temperatures and intense solar insolation inhibit the development of rust fungi in the alpine and subalpine zones. 337 plant species from 165 genera are registered as host plants. The largest number of rust fungi species is noted in the Small and Big Almaty gorges (73 and 57 species, respectively), in the Talgar and Turgen gorges (57 and 63 species, respectively). The gorges of Karakastek, Ush-Konyr, Uzyn-Kargaly, Chemolgan, Small Kemin and Oi-Karagai are characterized by an insignificant diversity of rust fungi (from 3 to 8 species), which is associated with lower humidity of these gorges.
    [Show full text]