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International Journal of Science Academic Research Vol. 01, Issue 07, pp.401-408, October, 2020 Available online at http://www.scienceijsar.com ISSN: 2582-6425 Research Article CONSTRAINTS ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND HUMAN EXCRETA IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF AGUÉGUÉS *Toussaint Cokou Dan, Bénoît N’Bessa, Thierry Azonhe, Boko Dominique and Tchinkoun Carine 1Faculté des Sciences Humaines et Sociales (FASHS) de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin Received 20th August 2020; Accepted 25th September 2020; Published online 15th October 2020 Abstract The management of solid household waste and human excreta remains an area that has not yet been completely successful in developing countries and particularly in lake areas. Many constraints hinder the implementation of an adequate management policy for this waste. This is the case of the Lacustrine Municipality of Aguégués, whose geographical location and sociological contexts do not favor good management of solid household waste and human excreta. This is what justifies this research, the objective of which is to determine the constraints linked to the implementation of a management policy for solid household waste and human excreta. The methodological approach adopted consisted in collecting the perceptions of resource people from the Municipality of Aguégués on the state of health of their living environments, the sociological and economic constraints to good waste management. Cartographic data was collected and made it possible to produce a geomorphological map of the study environment, in order to determine the natural constraints that lead populations to behave unfriendly towards their waste. Thus, it was discovered that throughout the Municipality of Aguégués, there is no formal system for the management of household waste and excreta. The results from household surveys on the constraints linked to the establishment of an adequate waste and excreta management system show that the physical setting (65%), the types of latrines (20%) and the appearance culture (15%) are the main constraints to the establishment of a sanitation system in the municipality of Aguégués. Regarding the geographical aspect, the Municipality does not have road infrastructure to ensure the transport of waste by heavy machinery. Likewise, the nature of the soils in the municipality of Aguégués (hydro morphs) is the most important limiting factor for the hygiene and sanitation sub-sector. This type of soil does not favor the construction of sanitation infrastructure such as waste collection points and latrines that meet ecological standards. Keywords: Waste management, Constraints, Aguégués. INTRODUCTION The results of the study on the pollution of water bodies show that in general, a high proportion of the lake population dumps Many wetlands are open-air receptacles for illegal dumpsites garbage into Lake Nokoué. Likewise, a few private pre- of waste Most of these dumps are uncontrolled and open-air collection structures in some districts of Cotonou also dump dumps, waste is rejected there in a mixed form (household, waste (household and biomedical) on the shore of Lake industrial and hospital) and without any treatment. prior. They Nokoué in Ahouansori, Agbato, Gankpodo, Ladji and cause serious damage to the environment and to human health. Minontchou (Dovonou, 2013). The lakeside town of Aguégués Among these nuisances, we can cite the problems of has undergone strong population growth in recent years. This degradation of underground and surface water, soil, the urban dynamic has not been accompanied by the establishment atmosphere and public health risks (Landéou et al., 2019). The of infrastructure, basic services and an adequate waste increase in various nuisances and the resurgence of disasters management policy. In addition, the municipality of Aguégués, have led to a progressive awareness of the usefulness of due to its proximity to the various rivers, the outcrop of the preserving the environment. Thus, world conferences and water table and the non-existence of intermediate and final summits: London (1933), Algiers (1968), Brundtlnad (1987), landfills, faces a real waste management challenge. The Stockhol (1972), Rio de Janeiro (1992), Johannesburg (2002), hygiene and sanitation diagnostic report in 2015 shows that the New York (2015), have contributed to the adoption of town is flooded each year by water from the Ouémé River conventions and treaties to resolve the pressing issue of (July-November) except for the village of Agbodjèdo, the only environmental management (Koné, 2008 and Seibou, 2016). In one spared from the flooding phenomenon. The erosion of the Benin, this concern has been paramount in government banks and the filling of water bodies seriously threaten the policies. To this end, the country has ratified international environment of the town. Public and family latrines are almost agreements (Rio de Janeiro in 1992, NEPAD in 2002), signed non-existent. The problem of defecation management is acute conventions (Ramsar convention), promulgated laws, and and constitutes the fundamental element of pollution and the taken practical measures in order to promote a healthy primary source of water-borne diseases. No household waste environment for all its citizens (Gbinlo, 2010). Despite the management structure exists and the problem of public and various laws, the issue of the environment in general and of domestic insalubrityarises with acuity (wandering animals, waste management in particular is an inescapable reality and a invasion of grasses, etc.). topical issue, because it constitutes a burden for the populations who live mainly in lakeside areas. Indeed, lake Material framework and study methods environments are dumping grounds for waste. Study framework: The commune of Aguégués is located *Corresponding Author: Toussaint Cokou Dan between 6 ° 24'04 "and 6 ° 33'24" north latitude and 2 ° 27'12 Faculté des Sciences Humaines et Sociales (FASHS) de l’Université "and 2 ° 35'56" east longitude. Covering an area of 103 km², d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin. 402 International Journal of Science Academic Research, Vol. 01, Issue 07, pp.401-408, October, 2020 Figure 1. Geographical location of the municipality of Aguégués i.e. 8.04% of the area of the Department of Ouémé (1,281 Materials and study methods km²), it is bounded to the north by the Communes of Dangbo and AkproMissérété, to the south by Lake Nokoué and the Type of studies: This is a descriptive study that took place in Municipality of SèmèKpodji, to the east by the Municipality of the Municipality of Aguégués. It aims to describe the natural Porto-Novo and to the west by the Municipality of So-Ava. It constraints that condition the establishment of an adequate is divided into 21 villages spread over 3 districts namely: waste and excreta management system. Avagbodji, Houédomè and Zoungamè (figure 1). Its population was estimated at 50,998 inhabitants in 2013. The Study population: The study population involved the resource commune of Aguégués has hydromorphic soils with black clay persons of the Municipality. Their perceptions of the state of suitable for agriculture. These soils receive alluvial deposits health of their living environments and the causes of the waste during the flood which maintain its fertility. The Municipality management methods observed were collected from them. enjoys a humid tropical climate characterized by the Apart from these resource persons, this study also focused on alternation of two rainy seasons and two dry seasons. The politico-administrative officials, the services of the whole Municipality is flooded from July to October except the departmental management of the living environment, the village of Agbodjèdo in the district of Zoungamè. The relief is executives of the town hall, with whom the efforts made within characterized by two levels of elevation gradually running the framework were collected. Sanitation of the study from south to north. In the Municipality of Aguégués, we find environment and obstacles related to good waste management. plains made up of floodplains crossed by the Ouémé river and its tributaries, the edges of which constitute swells of land Data typology: The data used within the framework of this where the populations live. study concern the soil, geomorphological and hydrographic 403 International Journal of Science Academic Research, Vol. 01, Issue 07, pp.401-408, October, 2020 maps. These different maps made it possible to analyze the soil As shown in figure 2, the physical framework (65%), the types conditions of the environment. In addition, it was collected of latrines (20%) and the cultural aspect (15%) constitute the from the administrative services, the types of hygiene and main constraints to the establishment of a sanitation system in sanitation infrastructure installed in the study environment. the municipality. of the Aguégués. Data collection tools and techniques: The cartographic data Physical setting of the environment were collected at the National Center for Remote Sensing (CENATEL). An interview guide was also developed and Geographical position: The Municipality of Aguégués is a administered to resource persons. flood area located in the valley of the Ouémé river, the water level of which rises every year during the flood period Data processing (August-September-October). The variation in the water level in one place can reach coasts with variations of between 1 m The first step was to georeference the landfills in the