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Zambia FINAL REPORT EUROPEAN UNION ELECTION OBSERVATION

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Zambia FINAL REPORT EUROPEAN UNION ELECTION OBSERVATION Zambia FINAL REPORT GENERAL ELECTIONS 20 SEPTEMBER 2011 EUROPEAN UNION ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSION This report was produced by the European Union Election Observation Mission to Zambia and presents the mission’s findings on the 20 September 2011 general elections. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved or should not be relied upon as a statement of the European Union. The European Union does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. European Union Election Observation Mission to Zambia Page 2 of 26 Final Report on the General Elections, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 3 II. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 6 III. POLITICAL BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................... 6 A. Political Context ................................................................................................................................. 6 B. Key Political Actors ........................................................................................................................... 6 IV. LEGAL ISSUES .............................................................................................................................. 7 A. Legal Framework ................................................................................................................................ 7 B. Universal and Regional Obligations and Commitments .................................................................... 7 C. Election Legislation ............................................................................................................................ 8 D. The Electoral System ......................................................................................................................... 8 E. Delineation of Constituency Boundaries ............................................................................................ 8 V. ELECTION ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................................. 9 A. Structure and Composition of the Election Administration ............................................................... 9 B. The Administration of the Elections ................................................................................................... 9 VI. VOTER REGISTRATION .......................................................................................................... 10 A. The Right to Vote ............................................................................................................................. 10 B. Voter Registration Procedures .......................................................................................................... 11 VII. REGISTRATION OF CANDIDATES AND POLITICAL PARTIES ................................... 11 A. Registration of Political Parties ........................................................................................................ 11 B. Registration of Candidates ............................................................................................................... 12 VIII. ELECTION CAMPAIGN AND PRE-ELECTION ENVIRONMENT ................................ 13 A. Background to the Election Campaign ............................................................................................. 13 B. Overview of the Election Campaign ................................................................................................ 13 C. Campaign Finance and Use of State Resources ............................................................................... 13 D. Voter Education ................................................................................................................................ 14 IX. MEDIA AND ELECTIONS ......................................................................................................... 14 A. Media Environment .......................................................................................................................... 14 B. Legal Framework for the Media and Elections ................................................................................ 15 C. Monitoring of Media Coverage of the Elections .............................................................................. 15 X. PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES .............................................................. 17 A. Participation of Women .................................................................................................................... 17 B. Participation of Minorities and Special Needs Voting ..................................................................... 17 XI. PARTICIPATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY .................................................................................. 18 XII. COMPLAINTS AND APPEALS ............................................................................................... 18 A. Electoral Offences ............................................................................................................................ 18 B. Complaints and Appeals ................................................................................................................... 19 C. Petitions ............................................................................................................................................ 19 XIII. ELECTION DAY ....................................................................................................................... 20 A. Overview of Voting .......................................................................................................................... 20 XIV. RESULTS .................................................................................................................................... 21 A. Counting, Aggregation and the Announcement of Results .............................................................. 21 B. Political Overview of the Election Results ....................................................................................... 22 XV. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................ 22 European Union Election Observation Mission to Zambia Page 3 of 26 Final Report on the General Elections, 2011 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The elections held on 20 September 2011 for presidential office, parliamentary seats in 150 constituencies and local government were the fifth general elections in Zambia following the reintroduction of a multiparty system in 1991. The European Union Election Observation Mission (EU EOM) was present in Zambia between 12 August and 8 October 2011 following an invitation from the President of the Republic of Zambia. The EU EOM was led by Ms. Maria Muñiz de Urquiza, Member of the European Parliament (MEP). It was also joined by a delegation from the European Parliament headed by David Martin, MEP. The mission deployed 120 observers from 27 European Union member states, Canada and Norway across the country to assess the electoral process against international and regional obligations and commitments related to holding genuine and periodic elections as well as the laws of Zambia. The EU EOM is independent in its findings and conclusions and adheres to the Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation commemorated at the United Nations in October 2005. These presidential and parliamentary elections were organised in a transparent and credible manner. Regional principles and international commitments to hold periodic and genuine elections have been mostly respected, but reform of key aspects of the electoral framework is required for future elections. Election day was generally calm and well managed. The election campaign has taken place in a highly competitive environment with key freedoms including those of assembly, expression and speech respected throughout the country during the campaign period. However, unequal access to resources has meant there has not been a level playing field for candidates or political parties to campaign. Despite this the change of president and government resulting from these elections represents an opportunity to further advance civil and political rights and strengthen the foundations of multiparty democracy. The legal framework governing the presidential and parliamentary elections in Zambia provides an adequate basis for the holding of genuine elections in accordance with international and regional commitments and obligations adopted by Zambia. The constitution guarantees, and the courts are open to protect, fundamental rights and freedoms including the freedoms of assembly, association, conscience, expression and movement. Other fundamental rights related to genuine and periodic elections are protected including the right to be elected to public office by secret ballot and the right to vote according to the principles of equality and universal suffrage. The Electoral Commission has acted with impartiality organising these elections in a transparent and professional manner in accordance with its mandate. It has demonstrated competence in planning for key stages of the electoral process and this has been reflected in its delivery and
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