Volunteer Monitoring Manual
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VOLUNTEER MONITORING MANUAL for <' Alewife/Mystic River Advocates . May 5, 1997 . Volunteer Monitoring Manual Preface The habitat use and water quality information presented in this document is an aid for volunteer monitoring activities and habitat management. The purpose of this manual is to make it easier for concerned citizens of Massachusetts to get involved in monitoring and protecting of the . ecological health of the Mystic River and of the alewife and blueback herring run within the Mystic River watershed. Recognizing that river and stream corridors are a vital part of the Massachusetts environment, we hope that this manual will serve as an effective tool for citizen stewardship of the Mystic River. This manual was created by Tufts University graduate students in the Urban and Environmental Policy Department, in gonjunction with the Alewife Mystic River Advocates (AMRA). For more information or comments please contact Lisa Brukilacchio at (617) 776-4160. Introduction The Volunteer Monitoring Manual is designed to help you protect the Mystic River and its local herring run through a series of observation charts on water quality, habitat, and population estimates. Using this manual, volunteers should be able to recognize and document the presence of alewife and blueback herring, as well as the habitat and water quality conditions required for spawning. Participants of the volunteer monitoring program will be an integral part of a larger community effort to develop and implement a water quality monitoring program and to promote education and public river stewardship. The Alewife/Mystic RiverAdvocates (AMRA) is a multi-community advocacy group working to promote public awareness of the Mystic River system. The goals of the AMRA are to I restore ecological integrity and vitality and to enhance recreational opportunities through watershed- based management. AMRA, in conjunction with several other local community organizations, is currently working with the Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Environmental Law Enforcement to participate in the Adopt-A-Stream Program on behalf of the lower Mystic River. This manual will serve as a working guide to provide a starting point for citizens to get involved with the stewardship of the Mystic River through the monitoring and observation of the annual herring run. The manual is divided into three major sections: • Section I, the background section, describes the specific objectives of the manual; gives a general explanation of the herring run; delineates/maps the study area; and provides a summary of the issues regarding barriers to spawning. • Section II, the survey section, provides two observation charts for recording 1) easily observable physical aspects of the river, and 2) habitat characterization and relative I abundance of herring. • Section III, the resource section, lists resource and reporting information, and other ways to get involved with the protection of the Mystic River. 5 Issues WaterQuality The Mystic River is regulated by the national and Massachusetts Clean Water Acts, which designate the Mystic as a Class B water body. The Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards define the goal for Class B waters as suitable habitat for both fish and recreational activities. State authorities are responsible for preventative and enforcement measures related to protecting, maintaining, or improving the water quality of the river. Federal and state budgetary pressures however, coupled with community growth and pollution sources, make it difficult to achieve the clean water goals. This makes it all the more important for citizens to get involved in the monitoring process and assume community responsibility for the health of the river. As mentioned above in the explanation of the herring run, the life requirements of herring entail a minimum level of water quality to be maintained for each of its life stages: egg, larvae, juvenile, and adult. Water quality conditions vary daily, seasonally, with the level of stream flow, and between stream segments, thus the survival of a herring in each of its life stages depends on the water quality conditions meeting a general range suitable for herring habitat. There are two types of pollution which can degrade the water quality of a river: point and non-point sources. Point sources are described as pipes from dischargers such as industries or sewage plants, and these sources are regulated under the federal Clean Water Act. Non-point sources are more diffuse sources, resulting from stormwater running over land and picking up different pollutants. Examples of non-point sources are stormwater runoff, oil from roads and parking lots, agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, and eroded soils causing increased sediment loads in the river (Adopt-A-Stream, 1992, p. 63). Most 0 non-point sources are not regulated or monitored because of their indirect nature. Yet both pollution sources are significant contributors to water quality problems, making it necessary to determine the general health of the stream through water quality indicators. These indicators will be listed in tlieStream Walk Survey provided in Section II. Other Barriers to Spawning There are several other barriers to spawning in addition to poor water quality. These include physical obstructions such as dams, stream blockage, debris in the water, or inadequate spawning habitat. The herring need a suitable passageway to spawning grounds in order to maintain a viable population. While the primary effect of sedimentation and pollution on the herring is the fact that it decreases optimal spawning habitat, the primary effect of dams and physical obstructions is that it keeps the herring from reaching their natal rivers and tributaries. There are two significant physical barriers to herring spawning habitat in the Mystic River: the Amelia Earhart Dam and the Upper Mystic Lake Dam. The Amelia Earhart dam lies near the head 6 of the Mystic, but it is not a completely impassable barrier to the herring migration because the locks are frequently opened to allow passage to the upstream spawning areas. The Upper Mystic Lake dam 0 lies between the Upper and Lower Mystic Lakes, and represents the end of the herring's migration on the Mystic River. This dam is currently without a fish ladder and is impassable. These two dams are the major barriers to migrating herring. D 7 Section II--Mystic River Walk Survey* 0 This survey provides a form for easily observable physical characteristics of the Mystic River as an indicator for water quality and general river health. Use a separate copy of the form for each river observation point, as indicated on the attached maps. Because conditions vary temporally and spatially, you may want to sample more than once at each observation point throughout the year. Observation Point # Date Time of day Temperature Water Temperature pH . Water Appearance: Stream Bed Coating: Odor: 0 scum 0 orange to red coating 0 rotten egg 0 foam 0 yellowish coating 0 musky 0 muddy 0 black coating 0 none 0 clear 0 brown coating 0 milky 0 none 0 colored sheen (oily) 0 brownish 0 other Covering : Goodcover Faircover Poor cover (70%-100% of bank (30%-70% of bank (< 30% covered soil covered by rocks, soil covered by rocks, by rocks, logs, logs, and plants) logs, and plants) and plants) I River bank 0 0 0 Top of bank 0 0 0 Stability of river bank: Did the river bank sink beneath your feet in 0 no spots, 0 a few spots, 0 many spots 8 Mystic River Walk Survey--p.2 Approximate Width of River at Observation Point Land Use Profile Type of development along shore: * 0 urban 0 industrial 0 mixed use 0 suburban 0 commercial 0 rural 0 residential 0 agricultural 0 institutional . Presence of: 0 discharge pipes 0 construction activity 0 lawns 0 park/open space 0 parking lots 0 highways 0 other, please describe . Draw a simple diagram to identify the land uses and types of pollution relative to your observation point. * This survey was taken from the Adopt-A-Stream workbook, Massachusetts Dept. of Fisheries, Wildlife & Environmental Law Enforcement, 1992 edition, p. 65-66. 9 Description of Mystic River Observation Points in Figures 2,3 and 4. Point 1*: Amelia Earhart Dam. Easy access to the water and good visibility of the run as itt migrates from Boston Harbor. Point 2: Torbert MacDonald Park, Mystic River Reservation. Directly off route 16 east, the parking lot is across from Sentry Ford. After parking, turn right onto the footpath and follow the path to the left for access to the river. Point 3 : Torbert MacDonald Park, Mystic River Reservation. Walk farther down the main footpath for a second monitoring site upstream from Point 2. Perform survey along any point of access to the river. Point 4*: Auburn Street Bridge. At the intersection of Auburn Street and route 16 in Medford. Good visibility of the run from a path on the bridge, as well as easy access to the . riverbank. Park on Auburn St., or at Wild Harvest. Point 5*: Alewife Brook Bridge. Where the Mystic Valley Parkway crosses Alewife Brook. Difficult parking, but a good bridge for viewing the run and easy access to the river. Point 6*: High Street Bridge. Proceed on Mystic Valley Parkway going north and cross the Mystic River at High St. Park on the north side of the Mystic Valley Parkway, where there is easy access to the water and the bridge. Point 7: Lower Mystic Lake. Follow the Mystic Valley Parkway heading north along the river for easy access to the lake. Park at the MDC pumping station (a green building on the left side on the road) and survey nearby. Point 8: Upper Mystic L£ike Dam. Follow the Mystic Valley Parkway farther north along the river to the Tufts Boathouse. Parking lot available, with easy places to survey along the shore. Point 9: Upper Mystic Lake.