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Advanced Detection Technology for Ion Mobility and Mass Spectrometry Advanced Detection Technology for Ion Mobility and Mass Spectrometry Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Knight, Andrew Keith Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 09/10/2021 09:43:56 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193700 ADVANCED DETECTION TECHNOLOGY FOR ION MOBILITY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY by Andrew K. Knight _____________________ Copyright © Andrew Keith Knight 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2006 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Andrew K. Knight entitled Advanced Detection Technology for Ion Mobility and Mass Spectrometry and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 12-11-06 M. Bonner Denton _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 12-11-06 Vicki Wysocki _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 12-11-06 Neal Armstrong _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 12-11-06 Robert Bates _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 12-11-06 Karl Schram Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: 12-11-06 Dissertation Director: M. Bonner Denton 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Andrew K. Knight 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge several people for all of their support during my time at the University of Arizona. I would like to thank my research advisor, M. Bonner Denton for all of his valued financial support as well as his valuable guidance and teachings. Much appreciation is given to the current members of the Denton group including all of the staff scientists for making each day a pleasant and productive place to conduct research as well as always having the time to help me. There are many associates that have encouraged me during this time and their friendship and support have allowed me to enjoy the years I have spent working on this project. A special mention must be made to a few people including Gavin Buttigieg, Kevin Toerne, Trevor Davis, Adam Simmonds, Mark Baker, Bill Fateley, Roger Sperline, Jim Glick, and all of those people who have sat with the TNPL and have taught me so much. I would also like to acknowledge the time that Joseph Knight spent on helping me improve this manuscript. 5 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my family, Ruth Ann, Jeremy, Timothy, Taylor, Jayden, and Joseph. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................... 10 LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................... 16 ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO ION DETECTORS.......................................... 19 1.1 Use of Solid-State Array Detectors in Chemistry................................... 19 1.2 Introduction to Ion Detectors................................................................... 20 1.3 General Ion Detector Considerations...................................................... 21 1.4 Single Channel Ion Detectors Used in Analytical Chemistry................. 22 1.4.1 Traditional Faraday Detectors............................................................. 22 1.4.2 Faraday Cup Detectors........................................................................ 23 1.4.3 Ion Multipliers..................................................................................... 27 1.4.3.1 Discrete Dynode Ion Multipliers................................................ 27 1.4.3.2 Continuous Dynode Ion Multipliers........................................... 30 1.4.3.3 Operating Characteristics of Electron Multipliers.................... 31 1.4.3.4 Multi-Channel Plates................................................................. 41 1.4.3.5 Daly Detectors........................................................................... 46 1.5 Ion Array Detectors Used in Analytical Chemistry................................. 49 1.5.1 Faraday Arrays..................................................................................... 50 1.5.2 Photographic Emulsions...................................................................... 51 1.5.3 Multi-Channel Plate Arrays................................................................. 53 1.6 Introduction to CTIA Faraday Array Detector Technology.................. 56 Chapter 1 References....................................................................................... 58 Chapter 2: CAPACITIVE TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLIFIER DETECTORS.. 64 2.1 Description of the CTIA-1 Detector........................................................... 64 2.2 Detector Response to Ion Beam.................................................................. 67 2.3 Effect of Input Capacitance........................................................................ 72 2.4 Detector Characterization........................................................................... 72 2.4.1 CTIA-1 Performance Characteristics.................................................... 72 2.4.2 Mean Variance...................................................................................... 75 2.4.3 Operating Modes of the CTIA-1 Detector............................................ 80 2.4.4 Full-Well Capacity................................................................................ 87 2.4.5 Dark Current......................................................................................... 89 2.4.6 Linear Response................................................................................... 90 2.4.7 Limit of Detection................................................................................ 90 2.5 Conclusions.................................................................................................. 93 Chapter 2 References........................................................................................ 95 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Chapter 3: APPLICATION OF THE CTIA DETECTOR TECHNOLOGY TO MASS SPECTROMETRY........................................................................................... 97 3.1 CTIA-1 Applied to Mass Spectrometry..................................................... 97 3.2 Introduction to Sector Mass Spectrometers.............................................. 99 3.3 Performance Characteristics...................................................................... 100 3.3.1 Limits of Detection............................................................................... 101 3.3.2 Isotope Ratio Accuracy......................................................................... 103 3.3.3 Isotope Ratio Precision......................................................................... 105 3.3.4 Resolution............................................................................................. 107 3.3.5 Mass Bias.............................................................................................. 110 3.4 Conclusions.................................................................................................. 112 3.5 Description of the CTIA-2........................................................................... 113 3.6 Characterization of the CTIA-2................................................................. 114 3.6.1 Frame-Rate and Read-Out Modes........................................................ 116 3.6.2 Mean Variance Characterization of the CTIA-2.................................. 120 3.7 Evaluation of the CTIA-2 on the Isoprobe Sector Mass Spectrometer.. 124 3.7.1 CTIA-2 Detection of Positive Ions on the Isoprobe............................. 124 3.7.2 CTIA-2 Detection of Negative Ions on the Isoprobe........................... 132 3.8 Conclusions................................................................................................... 136 Chapter 3 References.......................................................................................
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