Memorial to Robert F. Black 1918-1983 CAMPBELL CRADDOCK Department o f Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Many attending the 1983 Annual Meeting of the Geo­ logical Society of America in Indianapolis learned to their sorrow that a good friend and respected colleague. Robert F. Black, had passed away during the previous week. Bob was on a sabbatical leave during the fall semester, and he and his wife, Nelda, had been travel­ ing. His unexpected death occurred in Parkersburg. West Virginia, on October 25, 1983. A memorial service was held on November 19 at the Storrs Congregational Church in Connecticut; the Robert F. Black Fund has been established at the University of Connecticut Foundation. He is survived by his wife. Nelda; sons. John and Dean; two granddaughters; five sisters; and a brother. Bob Black was born February 1, 1918. in Dayton, Ohio. When he was two years old the family moved to Norwalk, Ohio, where his father opened an optometry practice. With his brother and friends Bob enjoyed the outdoors; the Huron River was the focus of their activities in all the seasons. An avid reader with a retentive mind. Bob had timein high school for athletics, playing in a dance band, and a term as class president. In the summers he worked on highway construction in Ohio (for thirty-five cents per hour) and as a redcap at West Yellowstone, where he climbed all the accessible mountains. He entered college intending to become a civil engineer, but he soon declared geology as his major. He received his B.A. from the College of Wooster in 1940. his M.A. from Syracuse University in 1942. and his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1953. He spent the 1942-43 academic year at the California Institute of Technology. Bob regarded himself as a glacial and Quaternary geologist and geomorphologist, and he considered the polar and alpine regions as his natural habitat for research. He held assistantships at Wooster. Syracuse, and Caltech, and in the year 1941-42 he was a geologist for the New' York State College of Forestry. He was a field assistant for the U.S. Geological Survey in Nevada in 1943, and a geologist for the USGS in Alaska beginning in 1943. In the year 1945-46 he was geologist-in-charge at the USGS office in Fairbanks. Alaska. In 1946 he moved to the USGS office in Washington. D.C.. serving for three years as chief, Alaska Terrain and Section, and then for four years as a research geologist. From 1953 to 1956 he was a foreign exchange scientist in Mexico, attached to the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Embassy in Mexico City. He joined the faculty of the University of Wisconsin-Madison as an associate professor in 1956 and was promoted to professor in 1959; he taught courses in glacial geology, geomorphology, engineering geology, general geology, and field geology. He accepted a position as professor at the University of Connecticut in 1970 and remained there until his death. He taught six summers at the Juneau Icefield Institute in Alaska between 1966 and 1978. 2 THE GEOLOGICA! SOCIETY OF AMERICA

Bob was a charter member and Fellow of the Institute of North America and a Fellow of the Geological Society of America and the American Geographical Society. He was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Geophysical Union, the American Society of Photogrammetry. the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, the American Institute of Professional Geologists, the American Polar Society, the Association of Engineering Geologists, the Geological Society of Washington, the International Glaciological Society, and the Society of Economic Geologists. He served at various times as a consultant to the National Science Foundation, the National Research Council, the Department of Defense, and the Atomic Energy Commission. He was an architect of the Ice Age National Scientific Reserve in Wisconsin, and its establishment was a source of great satisfaction for him. An important factor in Bob’s research career was his early work in Alaska on permafrost and periglacial features, fields in which he achieved an international repu­ tation. After the establishment of the U.S. Antarctic Research Program, he developed a project to study ice-wedge and sand-wedge polygons, and he made numerous trips to between 1959 and 1982 to record their growth rates. While in Wisconsin he investigated the glacial deposits of the region with characteristic vigor, and he developed the unconventional hypothesis that the so-called driftless area of southwestern Wisconsin had been glaciated during Pleistocene time. Bob worked more than 20 years, often in collaboration with archeologists, on the geology and prehistory of the Aleutian-Kodiak Island region; he made a major contribution by developing a system for dating archeo­ logical sites from volcanic ash layers. Bob was concerned about the possible effects of a slow, long-term warming trend in world climate, and in 1978 he organized an A A AS symposium on that subject. In recognition of his achievements. Bob Black earned listing in Who's Who in the World. Who's Who in America, Dictionary of International Biography, and other volumes. From 1960 to 1972 he served as U.S. representative on the Commission on Periglacial Geomorphology of the International Geographical Union. He was an associate editor of the Geological Society of America Bulletin between 1965 and 1969, and chairman of the GSA Geomorphology Group in 1966. Syracuse University presented him the Alexander Winchell Distinguished Alumnus Award in 1978. Black in Ant­ arctica was named in his honor by the United States government. While working at the U.S. Geological Survey, Bob met Hernelda R. Lone, another USGS employee, and they were married on February 12, 1944. Nelda, as she is known to all, and Bob were well suited to each other, and they enjoyed a close and happy marriage. They liked to travel together to professional meetings whenever possible. Many col­ leagues, students, and visitors enjoyed the warm hospitality of their home. Bob Black was a unique character with many fine qualities. He was totally dedicated to his work and drove himself very hard. He was independent and self-reliant, quite capable of working alone even in remote areas. In an interview, he once described himself as a loner, but his colleagues and students found him both friendly and supportive. Bob believed in physical fitness, to be maintained by regular exercise and proper nutrition. He was a well-known bicyclist in both Madison and Storrs, commuting many miles each day in his coat and tie. He liked climbing mountains, including Popocatepetl in Mexico, and he usually was among the first in a group to reach the top of the hill. He once escaped from a sow grizzly in the Alaska Range by furiously pumping his railroad handcar. He seemed immune to cold—once swam in the water off Kodiak Island and preferred to MEMORIAL TO ROBERT F BLACK 3

sleep without pajamas in Antarctica. He disliked attending meetings where smoking was permitted. He was a licensed pilot, an enthusiastic hunter, and a skillful photographer. Bob will be remembered as a talented geologist and a warm human being. He had a good eye for the subtle feature in the field, and he organized and led many field trips. He taught and inspired a great number of students; to some he seemed an almost mystical, larger-than-life figure. He had only kind words to say about others, and he enjoyed helping new faculty colleagues to get started in their work. An active researcher, prolific publisher, and independent thinker, his unorthodox views were at times a provocative stimulant to his fellow Quaternary geologists. He was full of ideas and always looking ahead enthusiastically to the next project. He maintained contact with many foreign geologists, and he was an effective ambassador for United States science in his inter­ national activities. For many of us the future annual meetings of the GSA will lack a pleasant ingredient of those past. We will miss Bob, his friendly greeting, his hearty laugh, and the lively twinkle in his eye. The published works of Robert F. Black total more than 180; they are cited in the following Bibliography.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF R. F. BLACK 1943 Geology of the Huntington Forest: New York State College of Forestry and Roosevelt Wildlife Commission, New York, 220 p. 1944 (with R. E. Van Alstine) Mineral deposits at Orange Hill, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report. 1945 (with H. R. Gault) Trace elements investigations in Sweepstakes Creek area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Report 21 (classified). 1946 Permafrost investigations at Point Spencer, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Permafrost Program Progress Report 2, 20 p. (classified). ------(with R. E. Van Alstine)Copper deposits of the Kotsina-Kuskulana district, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 947G, p. 121-141. 1948 Terrain and permafrost, Umiat Area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Permafrost Program Progress Report 5, 23 p. (classified). ------Review of: ‘Permafrost or permanently frozen ground and related engineering problems,’by Siemon W. Muller: Geography Review, v. 38, no. 4, p. 686-687. ------Discussion of: ‘The study of permanently frozen ground and intensive -action.’ by Kirk Bryan: Military Engineering, v. 40, no. 273, p. 306. 1949 (and W. L. Barksdale) Oriented lakes of northern Alaska: Journal of Geology, v. 57. no. 2, p. 105-118. 1950 Perm afrost, in Applied sedimentation, P. D. Trask, ed.: John Wiley & Sons, Chap. 14, p. 247-275. 1951 Permafrost. Annual report for 1950: Smithsonian Institution, p. 273-301. ____ Eolian deposits of Alaska: Arctic, v. 4. no. 2, p. 89-111. ____ Some techniques and equipment for the study of ground ice and permafrost [abs.]: American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 32, p. 330-331. ____ Structures in ice wedges of northern Alaska [abs.]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 62, no. 12. p. 1423-1424. ____ Graphs for visual comparison of several factors in heat exchange near Barrow. Alaska [abs.]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 62. no. 12, p. 1546-1547. 4 THF GEOI.OG1CAI. SOCIETY OF AMERICA

1952 Polygonal patterns and ground conditions from aerial photographs: Photogram m etric Engineering, v. 18, n o .l, p. 123-134. ____ Growth of ice-wedge polygons in permafrost near Barrow, Alaska [abs.]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 63, no. 12, p. 1235-1236. 1953 Fabrics of ice wedges [Ph.D . dissertationl: Johns Hopkins University, 83 p. ____ Ice-wedge polygons, permafrost and geomorphology of the Arctic Coastal plain. northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 788 p. ____ Permafrost—a review: New York Academy of Science, Ser. 2, v. 15, no. 5, p. 126-131. 1954 Precipitation at Barrow, Alaska, greater than recorded: American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 35, no. 2, p. 203-206. ____ Permafrost—a review: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 65, p. 839-856. 1955 Arctic slope, in Permafrost and ground water in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 264F, p. 118-119. 1956 Permafrost and water supply of Point Spencer Spit. Seward Peninsula, Alaska [abs.]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 67, p. 1672. ____Permafrost as a natural phenomenon. Part 1, Book II. The dynamic north: United States Navy, p. 1-25. 1957 Pleistocene climactic change recorded by ice-wedge polygon casts of Cary age at River Falls, Wisconsin [abs.]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 68, p. 1888-1889. ____ Some problems in engineering geology caused by permafrost in the Arctic Coastal Plain, northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 10, p. 230-240. ____ Gubik formation of Quaternary age in northern Alaska [abs.]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 68, p. 1701. 1958 Glacial geology of Lake Geneva area, southeast Wisconsin [abs.]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 69, p. 1536. ____ Wrangell Mountains, Copper River Plateau, and Lowlands and Plains of interior and western Alaska, in Landscapes of Alaska: University of California Press, p. 30-33. 34-37, 76-81. ____ Permafrost, water-supply, and engineering geology of Point Spencer spit, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Arctic, v. 11, p. 103-116. ____ (with C. Wahrhaftig) Engineering geology along part of the Alaska railroad: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 293B, p. 69-116. 1959 Geology of Raddatz rockshelter, Sk5, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Archeology, v. 40. p. 69-82. ____ Current research in glacial geology and geomorphology in west-central Wisconsin [abs.]: Institute on Lake Superior Geology, p. 21. ____ Friends of the Pleistocene: Science, v. 130, p. 172-173. ____ (and W. Wittry) Pleistocene man in south-central Wisconsin [abs.]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 70. p. 1570-1571. ____ Glacial geology of west-central Wisconsin: 10th Annual Field Conference. Midwestern Friends of the Pleistocene, 14 p. (mimeo.). ____ (with L. M. Cline) Guidebook for the 23rd Annual Field Conference, southwestern Wisconsin. Tri-state Geological Field Conference (includes geological sketch map): University of Wisconsin. Madison. 1960_Pleistocene history of Wisconsin [abs.]: Institute on Lake Superior Geology, p. 13. ____ Frost action: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science, p. 540-541. MEMORIAL TO ROBERT F. BLACK 5

1960 Permafrost: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science, p. 21-22. ------Driftless area of Wisconsin was glaciated [abs.]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 71, p. 1827. ------Ice wedges in northern Alaska: International Geological Congress, Section IV. Geomorphology, p. 26. 1961 Periglacial phenomena of Wisconsin, north-central United States [abs.]: Inter­ national Quaternary Association, 6th Congress, p. 87-88. ------(with A. R. Geyne, C. Fries, Jr., K. Segerstrom. and I. F. Wilson) Pachuca mining district. Hidalgo, Mexico, Article 368: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424-D, p. D221-D222. 1962 Glaciation in Wisconsin [abs.]: Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, Annual Meeting. ------Pleistocene chronology of Wisconsin [abs.]: Geological Society of America Special Paper 68, p. 137. 1963 Pleistocene history of Bering Sea-Alaska coast and man [abs.]: 28th Annual Meeting, Society of American Archaeologists, p. 23-24. ------(and T. E. Berg) Dating with , Victoria Land, Antarctica [abs.]: American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 44, p. 48. ------Les Coins de glace et le gel permanent dans le Nord de L’Alaska: Ann. Geographie, no. 391. p. 257-271. ------(and T. E. Berg) Hydrothermal regimen of patterned ground, Victoria Land. Antarctica: 13th General Assembly, International Union Geodesy and Geophysics. Commission on Snow and Ice, Publication 61. p. 121-217. ------(and T. E. Berg) Glacier fluctuations recorded by patterned ground, Victoria Land [abs.]: Polar Record, v. 11, no. 75, p. 752-753. (Also in SCAR Bulletin no. 15.) ------(and T. E. Berg) Glacial fluctuations recorded by patterned ground, Victoria Land, in Antarctic geology: North Holland Publishing Company, Chap. 111:1, p. 107-122. ------(and A. R. Geyne, C. Fries. Jr., K. Segerstrom, and I. F. Wilson) Geology and mineral deposits of the Pachuca-Real del Monte District, State of Hidalgo, Mexico: Consejo de Recursos Naturales no Renovables, Mexico, Publication 5E, 203 p. (Also translated into Spanish, 222 p.) 1964 Physical geography of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Bluebook. p. 171-177. ------Periglacial studies in the United States— 1959-1963: , no. 14. p. 5-29. ------Gubik formation of Quaternary age in northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 302-C, p. 59-91. ------Periglacial phenomena of Wisconsin, north-central United States: 6th International Congress on the Quaternary, Report 12, p. 21-28. ------(and T. E. Berg) Patterned ground in Antarctica. Bulletin United States Antarctic Projects Officer, v. 5. no. 10. p. 109-110. ------(with T. E. Berg) Validity of C14 dates in Victoria Land. Antarctica [abs.]: Geological Society of America Special Paper 76. p. 12-13. ------(and W. S. Laughlin) Anangula: A geologic interpretation of the oldest archeologic site in the Aleutians: Science, v. 143. p. 1321-1322. ------Potholes and associated gravel of Devils Lake State Park: Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters Transactions, v. 53. p. 165-175. 1965 (and T. E. Berg) Saline discharge from Taylor Glacier, Victoria Land, Antarctica [abs.]: Geological Society of America Special Paper 82. p. 12-13. 6 THF GEOLOGICAL SOC1FTY OF AMERICA

1965 (and M. L. Jackson and T. E. Berg) Saline discharge from Taylor Glacier, Victoria Land, Antarctica: Journal of Geology, v. 73, p. 175-181. ____ Ice-wedge casts of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Academy of Sciences. Arts and Letters Transactions, v. 54. p. 187-222. ____ Some contributions of Wisconsin’s geologists and scientists: Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters Transactions, v. 54. pt. A, p. 107-117. ____ Paleoclimatologic implications of ice-wedge casts of Wisconsin [abs.]: International Quaternary Association, p. 37. ____ (and F. E. Hole, I.. J. Maher, and J. E. Freeman) Guidebook for field conference. Upper Mississippi Valley: 7th International Quaternary Association Congress, University of Nebraska Press, Wisconsin part, p. 56-81. ____ (with J. C. Frye and H. B. Willman) Outline of glacial geology of Illinois and Wisconsin, in Quaternary of the United States, H. E. Wright and D. G. Frey, eds.,: Princeton University Press, p. 43-61. 1966 (and T. E. Berg) Patterned ground in Antarctica: Proceedings of Permafrost International Conference, National Research Council, Publication 1287, p. 121-127. ____ Patterned ground studies in Antarctica: Antarctic Journal of the United States, v. 1, no. 4. p. 137. ____ Late Pleistocene to Recent history of Bering Sea-Alaska coast and man: Arctic Anthropology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 7-22. ____ Geology of the Ice Age National Scientific Reserve of Wisconsin: U.S. National Parks Service R eport, 176 p. ____ Comments on periglacial terminology: Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, no. 15, p. 329-333. ____ Valders glaciation in Wisconsin and Upper Michigan—a progress report: Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan, Publication 15. p. 169-175. ____ (with T. E. Berg) Preliminary measurements of growth of nonsorted polygons. Victoria Land, Antarctica: American Geophysical Union, Antarctic Research Series, v. 8. p. 61-108. ____ Permafrost: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, p. 21-22. ____ Frost action: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, p. 540-541. 1967 (with C. J. Bowser) Mirabilite deposits neat the Hobbs Glacier, McMurdo Sound area, Antarctica [abs.]: Annual Meeting of Geological Society of America, p. 20-21. ____ (and C. J. Bowser) Patterned ground studies in Victoria Land: Antarctic Journal of the United States, v. 2, p. 116-118. 1967-68 Geomorphology of Devils Lake area, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Academy of Sciences. Arts and Letters Transactions, v. 56, p. 117-148. ____ (and M. Rubin) Radiocarbon dates of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters Transactions, v. 56, p. 99-115. 1968 (and T. E. Berg) Ventifacted. cavernously weathered, perched stones of Taylor Valley, Antarctica, and the glacial chronology [abs.]: Geological Society of America Special Paper 101, p. 18-19. ____ (and C. J. Bowser) Salts and associated phenomena of the termini of the Hobbs and Taylor . Victoria Land, Antarctica: International Association of Scientific Hydrology Publication 79, p. 226-238. ____ (and J. C. Frye, H. B. Willman. and M. Rubin) Definition of Wisconsin Stage: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1274-E. 22 p. MEMORIAL TO R. F. BLACK 7

1968 (and D. L. Clark and T. E. Hendrix) Two Creeks buried forest project— CIC Instructional Improvement Program: Journal of Geological Education, v. 16, no. 4, p. 139-140. .------Glacial features of the Kettle Interlobate Moraine, eastern Wisconsin [abs.]: Regional Meeting, Geological Society of America, p. 18-19. ------(with A. A. Twomey) Patterned ground studies in Victoria Land: Antarctic Journal of United States, v. 3. p. 106-107. ------Ice-stagnation features of the Bloomer Moraine, northwest Wisconsin [abs.]: 14th Annual Institute on Lake Superior Geology, p. 44. ------(with C. J. Bowser) Mirabilite deposits near the Hobbs Glacier, McMurdo Sound area, Antarctica [abs.]: Geological Society of America Special Paper 115, p. 20-21. 1969 Q uaternary paleoecology—a review: Geotimes, v. 14, no. 2, p. 34. ------Glacial geology of Northern Kettle Moraine State Forest, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters Transactions, v. 57, p. 99-119. ------(and A. A. Twomey) Patterned ground studies in Victoria Land: Antarctic Journal of United States, v. 4, p. 129. ------Valderan glaciation in western Upper Michigan: Proceedings of 12th Conference Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, p. 116-123. ------Saline discharges from Taylor Glacier. Victoria Land, Antarctica: Antarctic Journal of United States, v. 4, p. 89-90. ------Geology, especially geomorphology, of northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 22, p. 283-299. ------Slopes in southwestern Wisconsin. U.S.A.—periglacial or temperate?: Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, no. 18, p. 69-82, 523-524. ------Thaw depressions and thaw lakes—a review: Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, no. 19, p. 131-150. ------Climatically significant fossil periglacial phenomena in north central United States: Biuletyn Peryglacjalny. no. 20, p. 225-238. 1970 (with C. J. Bowser and T. A. Rafter) Geochemical evidence for the origin of mirabilite deposits near Hobbs Glacier, Victoria Land, Antarctica: Mineral Society of America Special Paper 3, p. 261-272. ------Glacial geology of Two Creeks Forest Bed, Valderan type locality, and Northern Kettle Moraine State Forest: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Information Circular no. 13, 40 p. ------Glacial geology, in Geology of the Baraboo District: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Information Circular no. 14, p. 65-77. ------(and N. K. Bleuer. F. D. Hole, N. P. Lasca, and L. J. Maher, Jr.) Field trip guide. in Pleistocene geology of southern Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Information Circular no. 15. p. A1-A38. ------Cross Plains Terminal Moraine and related features, in Pleistocene geology of southern Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Information Circular no. 15. p. G I-G I5 . ------Blue Mounds and the erosional history of southwestern Wisconsin, in Pleistocene geology of southern Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Information Circular no. 15, p. H l-H l 1. ------Residuum and ancient of southwestern Wisconsin, in Pleistocene geology of southern Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Information Circular no. 15, p. 11-112. 8 THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

1970 Patterned-ground studies in Antarctica: Antarctic Journal of the United States, v. 5. p. 104-105. ____ Review, l.andforms of cold climates, by J. I.. Davies: American Scientist, v. 58, p. 556. ____ Chronology and climate of Wisconsin and Upper Michigan— 14,000 to 9,000 radiocarbon years ago [abs.]: American Quaternary Association, p. 12. ____ (with A. R. Geyne, C. Fries, Jr., K. Segerstrom, and I. F. Wilson) The Pachuca- Real del Monte mining district: Rocks and Minerals, no. 364. v. 45, no. 1, p. 3-7. ____ Review. The periglacial environment, edited by T. L. Pfewfe: Journal of Geology. v. 79, p. 252. ____ (with J. S. Aignerand W. S. Laughlin) Early racial and cultural identifications in southwestern Alaska: Science, v. 171. p. 87-88. ____ (and D. L. Clark and T. E. Hendrix) Two Creeks Buried Forest—Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin. 37 p. ____ Permafrost: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, v. 10. p. 27. ____ Frost action: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, v. 5. p. 580. 1972 Geologic evidence pertaining to the migration of the Paleo-Aleuts [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 4, no. 7, p. 452. 1973 l ate Quaternary sea-level changes, southwest Umnak Island, Aleutians [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 5, no. 7, p. 552. ____ (with J. R. Mackay) Origin, composition, and structure of perennially frozen ground and ground ice: a review, in Permafrost: North American contribution. Second International Conference: Genesis. Composition, and Structure of Frozen Ground and Ground Ice: National Academy of Sciences. Washington. D C., p. 185-192. ____ Growth of patterned ground in Victoria Land, Antarctica, in Permafrost; North American contribution. Second International Conference; Genesis, Composition, and Structure of Frozen Ground and Ground Ice: National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., p. 193-203. 1974 Geology of ice age national scientific reserve of Wisconsin: National Park Service Scientific Monograph no. 2, 234 p. ____ (with I. S. Allison, J. M. Dennison. R. K. Fahnestock, and S. M. White) Geology: The science of a changing Earth (sixth edition): McGraw-Hill Book Company, 498 p. ____Glacial Lake Wisconsin, in Late Quaternary environments of Wisconsin, J. C. Knox and D. M. Mickelson. eds.: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, p. 58-68. ____ Cryomorphic processes and micro-relief features, Victoria Land, Antarctica, in Research in polar and alpine geomorphology. B. D. Fahey and R. D. Thompson, eds.: Proceedings 3rd Guelph Symposium on Geomorphology, p. 11-24. ____ Wetland geology: Proceedings Wetlands Conference. Institute for Water Resources. University of Connecticut Report, v. 21, p. 42-63, 160-161. ____ Holocene glacier fluctuations in Aleutians and Antarctica [abs.]: American Quaternaiy Association, p. 73. ____ Dating the late Quaternary geomorphic events in the McMurdo Sound region [abs.]: Dry Valley Drilling Project Bulletin, no. 4. p. 12-14. ____ Ice wedges and soil wedges [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 6, no. 7. p. 656-657. M EM O R IA L TO RO BERT F. BLACK 9

1974 Late Pleistocene shorelines and stratigraphie relations in the Lake Michigan basin: Discussion: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 85, p. 659-660. ____ (with L. C. Conant and J. W. Hosterman) Pots in deposits of upland gravels in Maryland and Virginia [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program s, v. 6, no. I, p. 15. 1975 (and T. D. Hamilton) Mass-movement studies near Madison, Wisconsin: Geo­ morphology Symposium Series 2, Quantitative Geomorphology, p. 121-179. ____ Late-Quaternary geomorphic processes: Effects on the ancient Aleuts of Umnak Island of the Aleutians: Arctic, v. 28, no. 3, p. 159-169. ------Glacial geology of Wisconsin and Upper Michigan [abs.]: Quaternary stratigraphy symposium, Toronto. York University Publication, p. 24-26. 1976 Features indicative of permafrost: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 4, p. 75-94. ____ Quaternary geology of Wisconsin and contiguous Upper Michigan, in Quaternary stratigraphy of North America, W. C. Mahoney, ed.: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, p. 93-117. ____ Geology of Umnak Island, eastern Aleutian Islands as related to the Aleuts: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 8, no. 1, p. 7-35. ____ Periglacial features indicative of permafrost: Ice and soil wedges: Quaternary Research, v. 6, p. 3-26. ____ (with L. C. Conant and J. W. Hosterman) Sediment-filled pots in upland gravels of Maryland and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 4, no. 3, p. 353-358. ____ Late-Quaternary glacial events, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, in International Geological Correlation Project Report: Quaternary glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere, Prague: v. 3, p. 285-301. ____ (and L. Frankel) Deglaciation of the Shetucket River Basin, northeastern Connecticut: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 8. no. 2, p. 135-136. ____ Holocene history of Aleutian Islands, Alaska and Aleuts: 25th International Geological Congress Abstracts, v. 2. p. 490. ____ (and J. F. Campbell) Holocene geomorphic events. Adak Island, Aleutian Islands: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 8, no. 6, p. 781. ____ (and J. F. Campbell) Holocene climatic changes in the Aleutian Islands. Alaska: EOS (American Geophysical Union Transactions) v. 57, no. 4, p. 254. ____ Thaw depressions and thaw lakes, a review, in Periglacial process, C.A.M. King. ed.: Dowden. Hutchinson, and Ross. p. 148-163. 1977 W eathering down under: Geotimes, v. 22, no. 3, p. 18-19. ------Influence of Holocene climatic changes on Aleut expansion into the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Anthropology Papers, University of Alaska, v. 18, no. 1. p. 31-42. ____ Regional stagnation of ice in northeastern Connecticut: An alternative model of deglaciation for part of New England: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 88, p. 1331-1336. ____ Isostatic, tectonic, and eustatic movements of sea level in the Aleutian Islands. Alaska, in Earth rheology and late Cenozoic isostatic movements: Stockholm. Sweden, p. 12-14. 10 THE GF.OI.OCilCAI. SOCIETY OF AMERICA

1977 Holocene tephrochronology of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, no. 7, p. 899-900. 1978 Strandflats: Must all be prc-Holocene and cut with the aid of ice-flows? American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Meeting Abstracts, p. 114. ____ Historical wind fluting and ventifacting, Adak Island. Aleutian Islands. Alaska: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 10. no. 2. p. 33. ____ Holocene sea level in the Aleutian Islands: Plate tectonics vs. eustatic and isostatic causes: EOS (American Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 59, no. 4, p. 298-299. ____ Discussion, Greatlakean Substage: A replacement for Valderan Substage in the Lake Michigan Basin: Quaternary Research, v. 9, no. 1. p. 119-123. ____ Fabrics of ice wedges in central Alaska, in Proceedings, Third International Conference on Permafrost: National Research Council of Canada, v. I, p. 247-253. ____ Comparison of some permafrost features on Earth and Mars: Some cautions and restrictions, in Proceedings, Second Colloquium on Planetary Water and Polar Processes: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, p. 127-129. ____ Aleut occupation sites and strandflats were controlled primarily by Holocene sea level in the Aleutian Islands. Alaska: American Quaternary Association Abstracts, 5th Biennial Meeting, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, p. 186. 1979 Late-Quaternary sea-level changes along the Connecticut coast: Effects of sea level on ancient archaeologic sites: 45th Annual Conference Abstracts. Archaeological Society of Connecticut. ____ Reply. Regional stagnation of ice in northeastern Connecticut: An alternative model of deglaciation for part of New England: Geological Society of America Bulletin. Part 1. v. 90. p. 118-120. ____ The Valders Till is most likely post-Twocreekan as originally defined: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 11, no. 7, p. 389. ____ Clastic dikes of the Pasco Basin, southeastern Washington: Rockwell International Report RHO-BWI-C-64, 65 p. ____ Holocene sea level and climate in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: 30th Alaskan Science Conference, Fairbanks, Alaska, Proceedings, p. 45. ____Late Quaternary climatic changes in the Aleutian Islands. Alaska, in Abstracts with Programs and Field Guide, Symposium on Quaternary Climatic Change: York University, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, p. 25-26. 1980 Modes of deglaciation of Connecticut: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 12, no. 2. p. 24. ____ Isostatic, tectonic, and eustatic movements of sea level in the Aleutian Islands. Alaska, in Earth rheology. isostasy and eustasy. Nils-Axel Morner, ed.: John Wiley and Sons, p. 231-248. ____ Evidence of Permafrost during the latest Wisconsin ice advance and retreat in Connecticut: American Quaternary Association Abstracts and Program, p. 25. ____ Valders—Two Creeks. Wisconsin, revisited: The Valders Till is most likely post- Twocreekan. Geological Society of America Bulletin. Part 1. v. 91. p. 713-723. ____ (Review) Winters of the world— Earth under the Ice Ages: Geophysics, v. 45, no. 7, p. 1210-1211. MEMORIAL TO ROBERT F. BLACK II

1981 (Review) Antarctic glacial history and world palaeoenvironments: Zeitschrift fur Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie. ------I.ate-Quaternary climatic changes in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, in Quaternary paleoclimate, W. C. Mahaney, ed.: Geology Abstracts. Norwich, England, p. 47-62. ____ Timing of Holocene geomorphic events on Atka Island, Aleutian Islands: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 13, no. 7, p. 410-411. 1982 Modes of deglaciation of Connecticut: A review, in Late Wisconsinan glaciation of New England, G. J. Larson and B. D. Stone, eds.: Kendall/ Hunt Publishing Co., p. 77-100. ____ Holocene sea-level changes in the Aleutian Islands: new data from Atka Island, in Holocene sea-level fluctuations, magnitude and causes, D. J. Colquhoun. organizer: I.G.C.P. 61. The Sea Level Program, and INQUA, Symposium volume, p. 1-12. ____ Origin of pseudo-ice-wedge casts of Connecticut: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 14. no. 1-2. p. 6. ____ Rate of growth of patterned ground in Victoria Land, Antarctica, has diminished: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 14, no. 7, p. 445. ____ Patterned ground studies in Victoria Land: Antarctic Journal of the United States, v. 17, no. 5. p. 53-54. ____ (and S. M. Clebnik) Mode of deglaciation of Shetucket River Basin: New England Intercollegiate Geological Confernce, October 2-3, p. Q3-1-20. ____ Mode of deglaciation of the Shetucket River Basin: New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, October 2-3, p. Q3-21-28. 1983 Pseudo-ice-wedge casts of Connecticut, northeastern United States: Quaternary Research, v. 20, no. 1, p. 74-89. ____ Late Woodfordian and Greatlakean history of the Green Bay Lobe. Wisconsin: Discussion: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, no. 7, p. 936-937. ____ Permafrost studies in Alaska [abs.]: U.S. Geological Survey Polar Research Symposium, Abstracts with Program. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 911, p. 53. ____ Three superposed systems of ice wedges at McLeod Point, northern Alaska, may span most of the Wisconsinan Stage and Holocene: Permafrost, 4th International Conference, Proceedings, p. 68-73. ____ Clastic dikes of basal till, southern Connecticut, attributed to thick stagnant ice: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 15. no. 3, p. 125. ____ Glacial chronology of the Aleutian Islands, in Glaciation in Alaska. R. M. Thorson and T. D. Hamilton, eds.: Alaskan Quaternary Center. Fairbanks, Occasional Paper no. 2, p. 5-10. ____ Ice-wedge diapirs. northern Alaska, are produced mainly by horizontal compression: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 15, no.6. p. 527. ------(with T. G. Welling, K. Savino. and M. Gragnolati) Environmental impact of waste disposal sites is documented by heavy metals in soils at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, Ct: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 15. no. 6. p. 716-717.

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