PERMAFROST Bob Carson June 2007

LAKE LINNEVATNET

THE IS FROZEN ACTIVE LAYER

PERMAFROST

YUKON TERMS • PERMAFROST • PERIGLACIAL • \ • • POLYGONS • PALS • • ROCK •

YAKIMA HILLS PROCESSES

• FREEZE-THAW • CRACK • FROST SHATTER • FROST HEAVE • FROST SHOVE • FROST SORT • CREEP • • BEARTOOTH MOUNTAINS FROST CRACK

• LOW-TEMPERATURE CONTRACTION

ALASKA PHOTO BY RUTH SCHMIDT FROST SHATTER

• WATER EXPANDS DURING FREEZING

VATNAJOKULL KHARKHIRAA UUL FROST HEAVE

FROST PUSH vs. FROST PULL

CAIRNGORM FROST SHOVE

GREENLAND PHOTO BY W.E. DAVIES

FROST SORT

SWEDISH LAPLAND PHOTO BY JAN BOELHOUWERS C R E E P

SHARPE 1938 SOLIFLUCTION SOLIFLUCTION LOBES

HANGAY NURUU NIVATION NIVATION HOLLOWS

PALOUSE HILLS LANDFORMS WITH ICE

ALASKA PHOTO BY SKIP WALKER

KHARKHIRRA UUL

HANGAY NURUU ICE WEDGES

sis.agr.gc.ca/.../ground ICE-WEDGE POLYGONS res.agr.canada PALSEN

HANGAY NURUU PALSEN FIELD OGILVIE MOUNTAINS PINGOES

BEAUFORT COAST ALASKA PHOTO BY H.J.A. Berendsen ougseurope.org/rockon/surface/img

PINGOES IN CANADIAN

www.rekel.nl www.mbari.org

www.arctic.uoguelph.ca

VICTORIA ISLAND PHOTO BY A. L. WASHBURN ROCK

GALENA CREEK ROCK GLACIERS

GALENA CREEK ROCK GLACIERS

GRAYWOLF RIDGE THERMOKARST

YUKON THERMOKARST

ALASKA ICE-WEDGE TRENCH

YUKON ICE-WEDGE TRENCH

ALASKA PHOTO BY JOE MOORE BEADED DRAINAGE

ALASKA PHOTO BY RUTH SCHMIDT THAW LAKES

PRUDOE BAY THAW LAKES

ALASKA PHOTO BY ART REMPEL MORE PERIGLACIAL LANDFORMS

SPITSBERGEN PHOTO BY BEN SCHUPACK WHITMAN ‘07 BLOCK FIELDS

RINGING ROCKS BLOCK SLOPES

BLOCK FIELD

TALUS BLOCK SLOPE

ELKHORN MOUNTAINS BLOCK STREAMS

SAN FRANCISCO MOUNTAINS 11 June 2007 BLOCK STREAMS

HANGAY NURUU TERRACES

HANGAY NURUU CRYOPLANATION TERRACES

NIVATION TOR

SOLIFLUCTION

HANGAY NURUU PATTERNED GROUND: COMPONENTS

FINES

STONES

HANGAY NURUU STONES: PEBBLES COBBLES BOULDERS FINES: CLAY, SILT, SAND

PATTERNED GROUND:

HANGAY COMPONENTS NURUU PATTERNED GROUND: CLASSIFICATION • SLOPE: HORIZONTAL± vs. SLOPING • SORTING: SORTED vs. NONSORTED

KHARKHIRAA UUL BEARTOOTH MOUNTAINS SORTED STONE SLOPES STRIPES

YAKIMA HILLS NONSORTED STONE STRIPES

SEWARD PENINSULA PHOTO BY RUTH SCHMIDT STONE STEPS = TERRACETTES

• GEOLOGIC? ? • BIOLOGIC? LARGE MAMMALS?

IMNAHA PAT O’HARA MOUNTAIN DARHAD DEPRESSION WALLULA GAP TUCANNON VALLEY HORIZONTAL± GROUND

NON-SORTED CIRCLES

AMMASSALIK KHARKHIRAA UUL SORTED CIRCLE

COTOPAXI

SVALBARD PHOTO BY BERNARD HALLET YAKIMA HILLS SORTED POLYGONS BEARTOTH PASS BEARTOOTH PASS NON-SORTED POLYGONS

GREENLAND PHOTO BY W.E. DAVIES MIMA PRAIRIE MIMA PRAIRIE

BEN SHUPACK WHITMAN ’07 THANK YOU! ON SPITSBERGEN