The Cryosphere, 10, 2865–2886, 2016 www.the-cryosphere.net/10/2865/2016/ doi:10.5194/tc-10-2865-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Rock glaciers on the run – understanding rock glacier landform evolution and recent changes from numerical flow modeling Johann Müller, Andreas Vieli, and Isabelle Gärtner-Roer Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8004, Switzerland Correspondence to: Johann Müller (
[email protected]) Received: 4 February 2016 – Published in The Cryosphere Discuss.: 29 February 2016 Revised: 8 July 2016 – Accepted: 5 October 2016 – Published: 23 November 2016 Abstract. Rock glaciers are landforms that form as a result 1 Introduction of creeping mountain permafrost which have received con- siderable attention concerning their dynamical and thermal Rock glaciers and their dynamics have received much atten- changes. Observed changes in rock glacier motion on sea- tion in permafrost research and beyond, most prominently sonal to decadal timescales have been linked to ground tem- by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the perature variations and related changes in landform geome- context of impacts of a warming climate on high mountain tries interpreted as signs of degradation due to climate warm- permafrost (IPCC, 2014). Time series of rock glacier move- ing. Despite the extensive kinematic and thermal monitoring ment in the European Alps indicate that acceleration in per- of these creeping permafrost landforms, our understanding mafrost creep in recent decades is related to an increase of the controlling factors remains limited and lacks robust in ground temperatures (Delaloye et al., 2010; PERMOS, quantitative models of rock glacier evolution in relation to 2013; Bodin et al., 2015).