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Diplomová Práce JANÁ ČKOVA AKADEMIE MÚZICKÝCH UM ĚNÍ V BRN Ě Hudební fakulta Katedra zp ěvu Studijní obor: Zp ěv Rozbor postavy Madam Flory z opery Giana Carla Menottiho Médium Diplomová práce Autor práce: BcA. Markéta Viterová Vedoucí práce: doc. Alena Va ňáková Oponent práce : PhDr. Alena Borková Brno 2011 Bibliografický záznam VITEROVÁ, Markéta. Rozbor postavy Madam Flory z opery Giana Carla Menottiho Médium [Character analysis of Madame Flora in opera Medium by Gian Carlo Menotti]. Brno: Janá čkova akademie múzických um ění v Brn ě, Hudební fakulta, Katedra zp ěvu, 2011, 52 s. Vedoucí diplomové práce doc. Alena Va ňáková. Anotace Diplomová práce Rozbor postavy Madam Flory z opery Giana Carla Menottiho Médium se zabývá dramatickým i hudebním rozborem postavy Madam Flory p řevážn ě v uvedení opery v roce 2009 Komorní operou HF JAMU a porovnává je s dalšími zpracováními tohoto nám ětu, jakožto i okolnostmi vedoucími ke vzniku tohoto díla a reáliemi ze života autora. Annotation Diploma thesis Character analysis of Madame Flora in opera Medium by Gian Carlo Menotti deals with the dramatic and musical analysis of the character Madame Flora mainly in the 2009 opera introduction by the Komorní opera HF JAMU and compares it with other adaptation of this theme, as well as the circumstances leading to the creation of this work and the realities in the life of the author. Klí čová slova Médium, Menotti, Madam Flora, Americká opera, Verismus, Powers, Höngen, Forrester. Keywords Medium, Menotti, Madame Flora, American opera, Verismo, Powers, Höngen, Forrester. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatn ě a uvedla v ní veškerou literaturu a další zdroje informací, které jsem p ři práci použila. V Brn ě, 20. srpna 2011 Markéta Viterová 3 Pod ěkování Na tomto míst ě bych ráda pod ěkovala doc. Alen ě Va ňákové, která mi byla při psaní této diplomové práce velice nápomocná svými p řipomínkami i trp ělivostí. 4 OBSAH Úvod …………………………………………………………………………...…6 1. Gian Carlo Menotti ………………………………………………….…..….7 2. Opera Médium ……………………………………………………………..10 2. 1 Okolnosti vzniku opery ……………………………………………....10 2. 2 Obsah opery …………………………………………………………..11 3. Inscenace Komorní opery HF JAMU, režie K. Belcredi, 2009 ……14 3. 1 Překlad ………………………………………………………… ……..15 3. 2 Režie… ………………………………………………………………...15 3. 3 Scéna ……………………………………………………………….….18 3. 4 Kostýmy a lí čení ………………………………………………………19 4. Dramatický rozbor role Madam Flory …………………………………21 4. 1 Madam Flora v pr ůběhu opery ……………………………………..21 4. 2 Vztah Madam Flory k ostatním postavám …………………………24 4. 2. 1 Madam Flora a Toby………………………………………….24 4. 2. 2 Madam Flora a Monika ……………………………………….26 4. 2. 3 Madam Flora a zákazníci……………………………………. 27 4. 3 Moje pojetí role Madam Flory v inscenaci Komorní opery HF JAMU…………………………………………………………………………28 5. Hudební rozbor partu Madam Flory a problémové pasáže………..31 6. Filmové zpracování, režie G. C. Menotti, 1951……………………….35 7. Televizní inscenace, režie O. Schenk, 1964…………………………..39 8. Televizní produkce, režie P. Morin, 1977.……………………………..42 Záv ěr…………………………………………………………………………….44 Soupis informa čních zdroj ů……….………………………………….…….46 Seznam ilustrací………………………………………………………………47 Seznam p říloh……………………………………………………………….…48 Přílohy…………………………………………………………………….……..49 5 ÚVOD Dílo Giana Carla Menottiho nepat ří u nás k hudební klasice tak, jak je tomu na západ od našich hranic. Ale oproti let ům d řív ějším se za čínají - alespo ň na programech operních recitál ů - stále čast ěji části jeho hudebních titul ů objevovat. Jsem dodnes velice vd ěč ná, že jsem se mohla blíže seznámit alespo ň s jednou jeho operou, a to práv ě s Médiem. Téma této diplomové práce jsem si zvolila proto, že se mi období práce na Médiu stalo jedním z nejhez čích. A č tato inscenace p ůvodn ě měla být absolventským projektem pro Veroniku Demelovou v roli Madam Flory, kterou jsem m ěla alternovat, nakonec všechna p ředstavení i poslední týdny zkoušek se musely obejít bez její ú časti. V pr ůběhu příprav Veronika ze zdravotních d ůvod ů projekt opustila a pro mne se tak Médium stalo sice velice náro čným a vy čerpávajícím úkolem, ale především velkou zkušeností. Nemoc kolegyn ě všem p řinesla spoustu problém ů, ale hlavn ě mi poskytla jednu velkou výhodu v podob ě intenzivních zkoušek. V dnešní usp ěchané a finan čními prost ředky zna čně limitované dob ě není obvyklé, aby si p ěvci či herci mohli roli perfektn ě zažít ješt ě p řed premiérou, tak jak se to pošt ěstilo mn ě. Nezapomenutelná práce se mi stala novým koní čkem v podob ě vlastního objevování Menottiho dalších oper i podrobností z jeho života. Touto diplomovou prací jsem cht ěla nabídnout bližší pohled na Madam Floru jako na skv ěle napsanou postavu, plnou úzkostí a traumat tak, jak jsem si ji p ředstavovala já ve zpracování, ve kterém jsem m ěla možnost ú činkovat, a porovnat ji s pojetím trojice interpretek téže postavy v rozmezí šedesáti let. 6 1. GIAN CARLO MENOTTI U skladatele, narozeného 7. července 1911 v italském m ěste čku Cadegliano, se již v raném d ětství projevilo výrazné hudební nadání. Krom ě psaní písní se v jedenácti letech pokusil i o svou první operu . Ve třinácti byl p řijat na milánskou konzervato ř a z té pak pokra čoval získávat znalosti do USA na Curtis Institute of Music 1 ve Philadelphii u Rosaria Scalera, kde po dostudování v roce 1933 i sám vyu čoval. Jeho první významná opera buffa Amelia al ballo ( Amélie jde na ples, 1937 ) vzbudila po premié ře ve Philadelphii takový ohlas, že o necelý rok pozd ěji ji uvedla slavná Metropolitní opera v New Yorku. Její úsp ěch vynesl autorovi zakázku na zkomponování rozhlasové opery pro NBC. Tak vzniklo jednoaktové dílko The Old Maid and the Thief ( Stará panna a lupi č, 1939 ). Po ope ře The Island God ( Bůh ostrova, 1942 ) si u Menottiho objednává Alice M. Ditson Foundation Columbia University operu pro komorní obsazení The Medium ( Médium, 1946 ). Toto dvouaktové drama se v newyorkském Ethel Barrymore Theatre do čkalo v sezón ě 1947/48 skv ělých 211 repríz. Nadšení divák ů se ješt ě zv ětšilo, když byla vedle Média jako protipól hrána komická opera o jednom aktu The Telephone, or L’Amour a Trois ( Telefon aneb láska ve třech, 1947 ). Jedním z dalších velmi cen ěných Menottiho d ěl je hudební drama ve t řech d ějstvích, inspirované byrokratickou mašinérií The Consul (Konzul, 1950 ). Opera obdržela dv ě významná vyznamenání – Pulitzerovu cenu za rok 1949 a cenu Drama Critics‘ Circle v roce 1950. Konzul nebyl jedinou operou, která p řinesla skladateli slavnou Pulitzerovu cenu. Jako další bylo v roce 1955 ocen ěno i drama s náboženským motivem The Saint of Bleecker Street ( Svatá z Bleecker Street, 1954 ). Menottiho opery dále jsou nap ř. Maria Golovin ( 1958 ), Labyrinth (Labyrint, 1963 ), L’ultimo selvaggio ( Poslední divoch, 1963 ), Tamu-Tamu (1973 ), The Hero ( Hrdina, 1976 ), La loca ( Cár, 1979 ), Goya ( 1986 ), The Wedding ( Svatba, 1988 ). 1 Na doporu čení A. Toscaniniho, který byl rodinným p řítelem 7 Menottiho dílo neoslovovalo jen dosp ělého diváka, ale i publikum dětské. Váno ční pohádkový p říb ěh o chromém pasá čkovi a t řech králích Amahl and the Night Visitors ( Amahl a no ční návšt ěvníci, 1951 ) se stal první americkou televizní operou. I v dalších letech skladatel stále pokra čoval ve tvorb ě pro d ěti. Za zmínku ur čit ě stojí Help, help, the Globolinks! ( Pomoc, pomoc, Globolinkové!, 1968 ) o obyvatelích vesmíru nebezpečných jenom lidem, kte ří nemají rádi hudbu. Dále pak nap ř. The Trial of the Gypsy ( Cikánova zkouška, 1978 ), Chip and his Dog ( Chip a jeho pes, 1979 ), The Bride from Pluto ( Nev ěsta z Pluta, 1982 ) a The Boy who Grew too Fast ( Chlapec, který rostl p říliš rychle, 1982 ). Opera nebyla jediným Menottiho zájmem, ale v ěnoval se nap ř. i komponování orchestrálních skladeb, kantát a písní. Ke všem svým operám a i pro jiné autory (nap ř. pro Samuela Barbera) psal libreta, vyzkoušel práci scénáristy, producenta a dokonce režiséra 2. Dále pak více než dvacet let p ůsobil jako pedagog a osv ědčil se i jako schopný organizátor a ředitel hudebního festivalu Due Mondi v italském Spoletu, který pomáhal k uvedení díl ům novým i již zapomenutým. Zatímco nep řestával tvo řit pro jevišt ě, rozhlas či televizi, rozší řil festival o další dv ě místa konání - USA a Austrálii. Jeho napln ěný život se uzav řel 1. února 2007 3 v devadesáti p ěti letech v Monte Carlu. I p řesto, že za sv ůj život obdržel dvakrát cenu kritik ů, byla Menottiho hudba často jejich ter čem. Kritikou byla posuzována jako p říliš sentimentální a líbivá. Sou časní skladatelé k ní byli ješt ě p řísn ější. Igor Stravinskij se k Menottiho hudební řeči stav ěl velmi odmítav ě a skladatel Luigi Nono dokonce odmítl uvést své skladby s ním na stejném programu. Ale ani tehdejší kritika Menottimu nemohla up řít zásluhu na popularizaci sou časné americké opery. V Menottiho operách, které nem ůžou zap řít vliv italského verismu, proti sob ě stojí často až obludn ě vedené charaktery - je zvláštní, že je většinou p ředstavují ženy - karikující p ředevším mravy americké spole čnosti, 2 Nap ř. v roce 1974 Menotti režíroval mnichovské uvedení Média v hlavní roli se So ňou Červenou. 3 Datum úmrtí v programu k inscenaci KO JAMU je chybn ě uvedeno jako 1. 2. 1997. 8 a čistý pohled dít ěte. T řeba práv ě proto, že v každém z nás je kus ďábla i and ěla, se Menotti drží mezi nej čast ěji uvád ěnými autory 20. století. Je velká škoda, že české operní scény se mu stále vyhýbají. Nejblíže uvedeným představením Menottiho opery bylo uvedení Konzula v Bratislav ě v roce 1966 4. 4 Premiéra 2. 6. 1966 Slovenské národné divadlo Bratislava Dostupné z WWW: http://www.theatre.sk/uploads/files/THEISA%20subory/Inscenacie.htm 9 2.
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