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Article 515319 93D8ce0306839 ﻓﺼﻠ ﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 1 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1388، ( -177 183 ) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ اراك ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﭘﺎ -4668 2008 http://jer.entomology.ir ﺟﻠﺪ 1 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1388، ( -177 183) ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ (Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor, 1932 (Acari: Tydeidae) روي ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻧﺠﻴﺮ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺎوه * ﭘﺮاواﻧﻪ ﺑﺮادران1 ، ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ارﺑﺎﺑﻲ1 -1 ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﺎﻧﻮرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ، ﺗﻬﺮان ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻛﻨﻪ (Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor از دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻛﻨ ﻪﻫﺎي آﻓـﺖ درﺧﺘـﺎن اﻧﺠﻴـﺮ در اﻳـﺮان و ﺟﻬـﺎن اﺳـﺖ . ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻪ روي 11 رﻗﻢ اﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1379 و 1380 در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺎوه ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ. در اﺟﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ از ﻃﺮح آﻣﺎري ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ 4 ﺗﻜﺮار و ﻫﺮ ﺗﻜﺮار ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ درﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ . ﺷـﻤﺎرش ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻛﻨﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮار دادن ﻛﺎدر ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ در ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ رﮔﺒﺮگ اﺻﻠﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺑـﺮگ درﺧﺘـﺎن اﻧﺠﻴﺮ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري در ﻫﺮ دو ﺳﺎل از اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﺗﺎ آﺧﺮ آﺑﺎن ﻣﺎه در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ 15 روز اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ داده ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ روي ارﻗﺎم در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘـﻨﺞ درﺻـﺪ از ﻧﻈـﺮ آﻣـﺎري ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﺑ ﻪ ﻃﻮريﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ روي رﻗﻢ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌـﺪاد 82/9 و 11/32 ﻛﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ در ﺳﺎل اول و دوم و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي رﻗﻢ ﺳﻴﺎه وراﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 19/0 ﻛﻨﻪ در ﻫﺮ دو ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ رﺳﻴﺪ . اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻲ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ دﻣﺎ در ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري داﺷﺖ و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ در دو ﺳﺎل در اواﻳﻞ آﺑﺎن ﻣﺎه در ﮔﺮوه a آزﻣﻮن داﻧﻜﻦ ﺑ ﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ دﻣﺎ، ﻃـﻮل روز و ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺤـﺮك ﻃﻌﻤـﻪ، ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد . واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ، Pronematus ubiquitus، ارﻗﺎم اﻧﺠﻴﺮ، ﺳﺎوه ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺧ ﺎﻧﻮاده Tydeidae اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر در ﺳﺎل 1764 ﻣﻴﻼدي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ و Kramer در ﺳﺎل 1877 آن را ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﺠﺪد ﻧﻤﻮد ( Krantz, 1978; Sabelis, 1985 ; Kazmierski, 1998 ) . ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔ ﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه از اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ 411 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 51 ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ( Sepasgosarian, 1997; Kazmierski, 1998 ) . * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه راﺑﻂ، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ : [email protected] ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ (20/9/87) - ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ /3/6( 88) ١٧٧ ﺑﺮادران و ارﺑﺎﺑﻲ : ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ (Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor, 1932) (Acari: Tydeidae ... ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده داراي رژﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ از ﺷﻴﺮه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن، ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎ و رژﻳﻢ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .( Mainul-Haque & Kawai, 2003 ) ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ در زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺎك، ﻛﻮدﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ و ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻲ، ﺧﺰه ﻫﺎ، ﺟﻠﺒﻠﻚﻫﺎ، ﻗﺎرچﻫﺎ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز، ﺑﺮگ، ﻣﻴﻮه و ﺗﻨﻪ درﺧﺘﺎن، ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻛﺸﺎورزي ، ﻛﺎه و ﻛﻠﺶ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( Krantz, 1978 .) .) ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ . Orthotydeus lambi Baker ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑ ﻴﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎرﭼﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪك ﭘﻮدري اﻧﮕﻮر .Uncinula necator Schw در ﺗﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻋﻼم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( English-Loeb et al ., 1998 ). ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Tydeus caudatus Duges ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻮام ﻛﻨﻪ ﮔﺎل ﻧﻤﺪي ﻣﻮ .Columerus vitis Pgst و ﺑ ﻴﻤﺎري ﺳﻔﻴﺪك داﺧﻠﻲ اﻧﮕﻮر Plasmopara viticola Berk & Curtis ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( Duso et al ., 2005 ) . از ﻣﻴﺎن ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺪﻳ ﻴﺪه ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ Orthotydeus californicus Banks و T. caudatus از آﻓﺎت درﺧﺘﺎن ﺧﺮﻣﺎﻟﻮ در ﻛﺸﻮر زﻻﻧﺪﻧﻮ ( Tomkins et al ., 1997) و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Tydeus californicus Banks از آﻓﺎ ت ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت در اﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪاي آ ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ Abou-awad) (et al., 1999 . ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮي P. ubiquitus McGregor روي ﻛﻨﻪ آﻓﺎت در ﺧﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﻴﺮ در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮد ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ آﻓﺖ درﺧﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ دﺷﻤﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ د و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﻪ ارﻳﻮﻓﻴﺪ Aceria ficus Cotte و Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae Keifer درﺧﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﻴﺮ در اﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮر و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ,. Arbabi et al ., 1994; Abou-awad et al., 1999; Abou-awad et al) (2000 . ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ درﺑﺎره ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در اﻳﺮان ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ اي در ﺣﺪود ﺳﻪ دﻫﻪ دارد و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Pronematus sp. nr. anconai Baker در دﻫﻪ 1350 ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ از روي ﻛﻨﺠﺪ و اﻧﮕﻮر از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺮﻧﺪ و از روي ﮔﻞ رز از آذر ﺷﻬﺮ آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( Daneshvar, 1978 ). در اﻳﺮان ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر P. ubiquitus از روي درﺧﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﻴﺮ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻨﻮب و ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ ( Kamali & Shishehbor, 1989 ). ﻫﺪف اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ درﺑﺎره ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ .P ubiquitus روي 11 رﻗﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ درﺧﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺎوه ﺑﻮد و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ دﻳﮕﺮي را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻧﺪاد. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ Pronematus ubiquitus ﻃﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻬﺎر، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ روي ﻳ ﺎزده رﻗﻢ اﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ اول ، زرد ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ، آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ دوم ، زرد ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺳﺎوه، ﺳﻴﺎه وراﻣﻴﻦ، زرد ﭘﻴﺎ زي، اﻧﺠﻴﺮ وﺣﺸﻲ، آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺳـﻮم ، ﺳـﻴﺎه ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺳﺎوه، ﻣﺮﺑﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﺎر و زرد ﺳﻴﻠﺠﺮد ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1379 و 1380 در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺎوه ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ 15 روز در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح آﻣﺎري ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ 4 ﺗﻜﺮار و ﻫﺮ ﺗﻜﺮار ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳـﻚ درﺧـﺖ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ رﻗﻢ درﺧﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺑ ﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ و ﺑﺎ 4 ﺗﻜﺮار و ﻫﺮ ﺗﻜﺮار ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ درﺧـﺖ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﺗﻌﺪاد 16 ﺑﺮگ از ﻫﺮ رﻗﻢ از ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ و اﻃﺮاف درﺧﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪﻧ ﺪ. ﺷـﻤﺎرش ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺜﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻳـﻚ ﻛـ ﺎدر 4 ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘـﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌـ ﻲ، ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان واﺣـﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري، ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻓﻌﺎل و ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮار دادن در ﻃﺮﻓ ﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ رﮔﺒﺮگ اﺻﻠﻲ در ﭘـﺸﺖ ﺑـﺮگ و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ١٧٨ ﻓﺼﻠ ﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 1 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1388، ( -177 183 ) ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ داده ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه از آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺳﺎده ( One way ANOVA) و ﻣﺮﻛـﺐ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻧـﺮم اﻓـﺰار SAS اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ وﮔﺮوه ﺑﻨﺪي و ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ آزﻣﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ داﻣﻨﻪ اي داﻧﻜﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻫـﺮ رﻗﻢ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ( Khosrowshahi & Banihashemian, 1987) . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ و ﺑﺤﺚ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آﻣﺎري ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ P. ubiquitus روي ﻳـﺎزده رﻗـﻢ ا ﻧﺠﻴـﺮ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺳﺎوه اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري را در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻨﺞ درﺻﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد (ﺟﺪول 1)، ﺑ ﻪ ﻃﻮريﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 9/82 ﻛﻨﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ روي رﻗﻢ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ دوم در ﺳﺎل ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪ . ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ رﻗـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮاه رﻗـﻢ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ اول ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد32/ 11 و 58/11، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ را درﮔﺮوه a آزﻣـﻮن داﻧﻜﻦ در ﺳﺎل دوم داﺷﺘﻨﺪ . ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ آﻣﺎري دوﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ روي ﺑﺮگ ارﻗﺎم اﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻧﻤـﻮد ارﻗـﺎم ﻏﻴﺮﺑـﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ اول و دوم در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻏﻠﺐ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺎه وراﻣﻴﻦ ( 19/0 ﻛﻨﻪ ) و ﺳﻴﺎه ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺳـﺎوه (33/0 ﻛﻨـﻪ ) ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ رﻗﻢ زرد ﻣﺤﻠﻲ در ﺑﻴﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻮﻣﻲ از ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ در دو ﺳﺎل ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد . از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ و ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻨﺪي ارﻗﺎم اﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺷـﻜﺎرﮔﺮ، رﻗـﻢ ﺳـﻴﺎه وراﻣـﻴﻦ داراي ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ و دﻳﮕﺮ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه رﻗﻢ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻮم در ﺳﺎل اول و دوم ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ در ﮔـﺮوه ﻫـﺎي c و b آزﻣﻮن داﻧﻜﻦ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ . ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ دو ﺳـﺎل ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ ﻣﻌﻠـﻮم ﻧﻤـﻮد ﻛـﻪ در ﺳـﺎل دوم ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ . ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ از راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ رﻧﮓ ﺑﺪن ( idiosoma ) ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻛﻨﻪ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪﻃـﻮري ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﻳـﻪ از ﻛﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ارﻳﻮﻓﻴـﺪ Eriophys. Ficus Cotte و R. ficifoliae رﻧﮓ ﺑﺪن را ﺑﻪ ﻗﻬﻮه اي روﺷﻦ و ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ از ﻛﻨﻪ ﺗﺎرﺗﻦ اﻧﺠﻴﺮ Eotetranychus hirsti .P. & B و ﻳﺎ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ .Bemisia sp ﺑﻪ ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺗﻴﺮه ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺷﺪ . ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ دادهﻫﺎي آﻣـﺎر ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ اﻳـﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺎوه اﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ را ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻣﺎ در ﺳﺎل ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﺎدف ﺑﺎ آﺧﺮﻳ ﻦ ﺳﺎل دوره ﺧﺸﻚ ﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻮد اﺛـﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺪﺋﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آورد ( ﺟﺪول 1). ﺟﺪول -1 ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻛﻨﻪ Pronematus ubiquitus ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه از 4 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮگ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻧﺠﻴﺮ Table 1- Mean active stages of P. ubiquitus collected from 4 squares centimeters under side of Leaf of different fig varieties Saveh Saveh Siljerd Garmsar American Onion Varamine American Yellow American Var. black Wild fig yellow yellow morabai No, 3 yellow black No, 2 indigenous No, 1 indigenous indigenous 2000 0.28 +0.11 c 0.28 +0.08 c 0.31 +0.11 c 0.22 +0.05 c 0.26 +0.2 c 0.22 +0.12 c 0.19 +0.12 c 0.66 +0.19 c 9.82 +1.9 a 6.72 +1.34 b 8.69 +1.47 ab 2001 2.61 +0.44 b 2.5 2+0.49 b 0.33 +0.22 b 3.39 +0.64 b 1.41 +0.29 b 2+0.29 b 0.19 +0.12 c 0.35 +0.25 b 11.3 +1.44 a 8.29 +1.29 a 11.58 +1.92 a * Means with same letters in the columns are not significantly different at P>0.05 اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺴﺎرت زا در دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ از ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ آب ﺑﺪن ﺧـﻮد دارﻧـﺪ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﮔﻴـﺮي ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ در ﻣﺪت ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻛﻪ در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ 15 روز از ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ از اواﻳﻞ اردﻳﺒﻬـﺸﺖ ﺗﺎ اواﺧﺮ ﺧﺮداد ﻣﺎه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﻮد وﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﻌﻤﻪ در ﻣﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺮ و ﻣﺮداد ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ روي ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ .
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