Kongur Shan Il Gigante Sconosciuto a Cura Di Mauro Penasa Momenti Di Alpinismo Momenti Di Alpinismo

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Kongur Shan Il Gigante Sconosciuto a Cura Di Mauro Penasa Momenti Di Alpinismo Momenti Di Alpinismo Momenti di Alpinismo Momenti di Alpinismo I formidabili contrafforti settentrionali visti da Kashgar Kongur Shan Il gigante sconosciuto a cura di Mauro Penasa Momenti di Alpinismo Momenti di Alpinismo Le Montagne di Kashgar Sedici ghiacciai scendono dal duomo del I versanti sud-occidentali sono costiera, si origina al centro del bacino Le propaggini orientali del Pamir sono Muztagh-Ata, il più grande dei quali, il tipicamente più secchi, mentre sul lato del Tugralkuluxi. A meridione il ghiacciaio caratterizzate da una serie di alte catene Koksel, si estende per ben 21 km. Sono settentrionale si osserva una maggiore Qimgan centrale è racchiuso tra lo montuose, con andamento tipicamente invece quasi una trentina i ghiacciai sul umidità tanto che su alcuni pendii si sono sperone sudorientale, diretto alla cuspide trasversale da occidente ad oriente, che Kongur Shan, ed alcuni di loro preservati rari boschi di conifere. principale, e quello sudoccidentale, che culminano in una colossale barriera al di raggiungono la lunghezza di 15 km. A porta al Karayaylak Peak. Quest’ultimo, sopra delle oasi di Kashgar e del deserto sud-ovest i piedi della catena si collocano Il Kongur Shan con soli 2000 m di dislivello, risulta di Takla Makan. a circa 3800-4000 metri di quota, con Il massiccio del Kongur Shan, più grande essere relativamente breve, se Questa serie impressionante di cime pendii all’apparenza dolci e tondeggianti e posto a nord del Muztagh-Ata, è confrontato con le altre creste che inizia al limite orientale della catena di ma caratterizzati da dislivelli imponenti e costituito da una possente dorsale raggiungono altezze di quasi 4000 metri Zaalaisky e, curvandosi verso sud-est, repentini. Su questo versante i ghiacciai semicircolare concava verso nord-est. con sviluppo e complessità notevoli. passa nel gruppo del King-Tau, con la terminano a circa 4500 metri. I pendii Alle sue propaggini nordoccidentali sua vetta maggiore, il Chakragil di 6670 meridionali del Kongur sono invece più questo immenso arco si avvicina ai Storia antica (su alcune mappe indicato come ripidi con scivoli e creste che precipitano settemila metri nei pressi dell’Aklangam Questi territori sono abitati da tempi Karabektertag). Le montagne del King- per quasi 4000 metri nelle valli che li Peak (m 6978) per poi subito superarli antichi: si tratta infatti di una storica via di Tau sono separate dal resto della catena contornano in direzione orientale. Verso con il Kokodak Peak (m 7210) e commercio, che ha ovviamente perso di Kashgar dalla profonda valle del fiume settentrione queste montagne mantenerli quindi per oltre 20 km, l’importanza di un tempo, senza per Gezdaria. Il fiume Tashkurgandaria presentano ancora alte pareti di roccia e passando per le cime del Kongur Jiubie questo vedere diminuito il suo fascino di separa a sua volta a est le cime del ghiaccio, anch’esse di 3000-4000 metri, (m 7530), del Jangmanjiar Peak (m porta verso l’oriente per il viaggiatore Kashgar dalle costiere di Tashkurgan e a chiudere vallate profondamente 7229), del Karayalak Peak (m 7245), del occidentale. Chon-Kyr, che continuano la catena intagliate da ghiacciai che possono Kongur Tagh (m 7719, la vetta massima) La popolazione delle montagne di montuosa fino alla sua confluenza con il scendere fino a 3000-3200 metri. e del Dongbei Peak (m 7625), fino alla Kashgar è oggi costituita da Kirghisi, Kun-Lun occidentale. Così le vette La regione risente di un clima spalla est, quotata 7204 metri. Unica sebbene nelle aree più meridionali vivano principali del Kashgar, il Muztagh-Ata continentale con inverno (ottobre – debolezza di quota sulla grande cresta è comunità Tashkurgan e Badakhanian. Le (7546 metri) e la costiera del Kongur marzo) molto secco, freddo e ventoso e il Kongur Col, poco al di sotto dei popolazioni più antiche erano invece di Shan (culminante a 7719 metri), sono di con un periodo estivo (aprile – settemila, a 6982 metri. origini Indoeuropea (Indo-Iraniane) e gli fatto separate dal dedalo di cime e settembre) più temperato ma sempre Questa formidabile costiera è origine di scavi condotti dimostrano che i locali vallate che degradano verso oriente, poco piovoso in pianura. Tuttavia alle numerosi bacini glaciali, di dimensioni mantennero stretti contatti con le tanto che i ricercatori si dividono spesso quote più elevate la barriera montuosa piuttosto variabili. A settentrione un unico popolazioni dell’Asia Centrale, India, nel collocarle nell’area orientale del provoca precipitazioni molto più grande bacino suddiviso in tre bracci, il Siberia meridionale e Mongolia, e solo in Pamir o piuttosto nel Kun-Lun importanti, concentrate nel periodo Karayaylak, fa da collettore all’intero modo marginale con il Tibet e la Cina. Lo occidentale. estivo. versante, mentre a nord est scende il Xinjiang venne infatti controllato dai Tugralkuluxi, di dimensioni assai più cinesi solo saltuariamente ed in genere modeste. A meridione i diversi rami del per periodi piuttosto brevi prima del XX° Qimgan alimentano un ampio bacino secolo, ma va ricordato come la prima collettore delimitato ad ovest dalla cresta invasione della regione risalga addirittura che scende dal Karayaylak Peak in al 138 AC. Una delle campagne militari direzione sud: essi si dirigono verso più drammatiche avvenne nel 747 DC, oriente con una grande curva su cui quando le armate cinesi, occupata incombe l’enorme versante meridionale Kashgar ed il Pamir, cacciarono i tibetani della montagna. Ad occidente infine che al tempo controllavano i territori l’intera catena è costellata di ghiacciai più occidentali. Dopo di ciò l’area fu fuori dal piccoli, che la curva della dorsale tende a controllo cinese per circa 1000 anni, fino far divergere, ma che si addensano verso a quando cioè il generale manchù la cresta sud del Karayaylak Peak (che Tsjanlun conquistò la Dzungaria ed il separa i bacini sud-ovest e sud-est), Turkestan orientale nel 1758. tanto da formare un unico grande Tra il IV ed il VII secolo, monaci buddisti ghiacciaio, il Jangmanjiar. ripetutamente attraversarono la regione, Alcune creste poderose si individuano tanto che sono giunte fino a noi note di chiaramente, in particolar modo sul viaggio scritte da Fa Xian (399) e Xuan versante meridionale e settentrionale, Zang (624); entrambi valicarono il passo mentre ad ovest i contrafforti sono più di Chikchiklik a sud-est del Muztagh-Ata, arrotondati. Tra queste vanno ricordate la sulla strada per l’India. Nella seconda cresta nord-est del Kongur Jiubie e la metà del XIII secolo fu Marco Polo ad cresta nord del Kongur Tagh, che attraversare il Pamir, questa volta verso delimitano il ghiacciaio principale del oriente, lungo quella che veniva definita L’intera zona ha una significativa Karayaylak, mentre la cresta nord-est del Via della Seta. Nel 1603 Benedict de superficie glaciale (circa 2258 km2). Kongur Est, anticima orientale della Goes, missionario gesuita portoghese, La costiera dei Kongur vista dai laghi Karakul Momenti di Alpinismo Momenti di Alpinismo transitò nell’area sulla via dall’India alla passi e delle vie di comunicazione, per ordine del governatore locale Valikhan- Trotter, non c’è menzione del Muztagh- Cina. Non ci sono altre notizie di visite di ovvie ragioni militari, ed infine lo sviluppo Tyurey. Ata anche se egli aveva intuito che si occidentali nella regione per oltre 200 di rapporti commerciali e soprattutto Dal 1873 la presenza britannica nell’area trattasse della montagna anni, quando nel 1820 il viaggiatore diplomatici con le popolazioni locali. divenne più regolare. Durante questo precedentemente scoperta da Kostenko. americano Alexander Gardiner fu Nonostante le innegabili motivazioni periodo lo Xinjiang si liberò nuovamente Hayward aveva battezzato Tagarma la probabilmente il primo a ritornare nella politiche, gli incaricati europei erano però del controllo cinese, grazie alle rivolte cima di misurata da Trotter in 7620 m, zona. spinti più dalla sete di avventura e Dungan e Jakub-Beck (1867-1878). La seguendo la tradizione popolare che Fu quindi solo con l’inizio del cosiddetto dall’amore per i viaggi, e muoversi nella missione diplomatica britannica a dava in quella direzione la valle del fiume “Big Game” tra Russia e Gran Bretagna regione significava essere dei veri Kashgar, condotta da T.D.Forsyth, arrivò Tagarma – un grande affluente dello per il controllo dell’Asia centrale che pionieri. ad essere costituita da 350 persone, ed è Yarkand-Daria. Ney Elias trasferì questo l’interesse per l’area decollò. Nel febbraio 1838 il tetto del mondo fu la più numerosa che si sia mai vista in nome al Muztagh-Ata e, nel tentativo di Dal 1820 al 1880 le ricerche russe ed visitato dal primo britannico, il tenente Xinjang. L’obiettivo era di fornire introdurre nomi inglesi sulla carta, inglesi sulle regioni del Pamir e Kun-Lun, John Wood, che ebbe occasione di supporto politico e militare ai moti rinominò il picco scoperto da Trotter con e quindi anche sui massicci del Kongur confermare le descrizioni di Marco Polo. separatisti di Jakub-Beck, in modo da il nome di Dufferin Peak (in onore del Shan e del Muztagh-Ata, si incrociarono, Nel suo viaggio in Pamir passò però poter trattare nei negoziati con la Russia precedente viceré dell’India). Dagli assumendo nella maggior parte dei casi molto a sud-ovest della catena del da un punto di vantaggio, ma ovviamente schizzi fatti al tempo da Elias, è una valenza politica. Kongur e del Muztagh-Ata. l’esplorazione del territorio restava un comunque chiaro che il Dufferin era il aspetto molto importante. Kongur Jiubie (Kongur I) e che egli non ebbe percezione che il vero punto Avventurieri e diplomatici sul tetto del massimo della cresta fosse un altro, il mondo Kongur Tagh (Kongur II). Elias utilizzò i Solo nel 1868 Hayward, costeggiando il suoi nomi fino al 1985, mentre i membri deserto di Takla Makan in direzione di della Commissione Russo-Britannica sul Kashgar, aveva riportato dell’alta cima a Pamir furono subito d’accordo sud della città.
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