A Nuclear Option for the Digital Age
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MARSHALL LEGACY SERIES: WEAPONS of WAR Suggested Reading List
MARSHALL LEGACY SERIES: WEAPONS OF WAR Suggested Reading List WEAPONS • Couffer, Jack. Bat Bomb: World War II’s Other Secret Weapon. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1992. • Lockwood, Jeffrey. Six-Legged Soldiers: Using Insects as Weapons of War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. • O’Connell, Robert L. Of Arms and Men: A History of War, Weapons, and Aggression. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. PROPAGANDA • Balfour, Michael. Propaganda in War 1939-1945. London: Routledge and Kegan, 1979. • Darracott, Joseph. The First World War in Posters: From the Imperial War Museum. New York: Dover Publications, 1974 • Dewar, Michael Colonel. The Art of Deception in Warfare. New York: Sterling Publishing, 1989. • Dipaolo, Marc. War, Politics and Superheroes: Ethics and Propaganda in Comics and Film. North Carolina: McFarland, 2011. • Ellul, Jacques. Propaganda: The Formation of Men’s Attitudes. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965. • Fyne, Robert. The Hollywood Propaganda of World War II. Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2008. • Gregory, G.H. Posters of World War II. New York: Gramercy Books, 1993. • Hertzstein, Robert Edwin. The War that Hitler Won: The Most Infamous Propaganda Campaign in History. New York: Putnam, 1978. • Laswell, Harold. Propaganda Techniques in World War I. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1971. • Laurie, Clayton. The Propaganda Warriors: America’s Crusade Against Nazi Germany. Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1996. • Rendell, Kenneth W. With Weapons and Wits. Lincolnshire: Overlord Press, 1992. • Rhodes, Anthony. Propaganda: The Art of Persuasion World War II. Minneapolis: Book Sales, 1988. • Rutherford, Ward. Hitler’s Propaganda Machine. New York: Grosset and Dunlop, 1978. • Stanley, Peter. What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? A Visual History of Propaganda Posters. -
The Making of an Atomic Bomb
(Image: Courtesy of United States Government, public domain.) INTRODUCTORY ESSAY "DESTROYER OF WORLDS": THE MAKING OF AN ATOMIC BOMB At 5:29 a.m. (MST), the world’s first atomic bomb detonated in the New Mexican desert, releasing a level of destructive power unknown in the existence of humanity. Emitting as much energy as 21,000 tons of TNT and creating a fireball that measured roughly 2,000 feet in diameter, the first successful test of an atomic bomb, known as the Trinity Test, forever changed the history of the world. The road to Trinity may have begun before the start of World War II, but the war brought the creation of atomic weaponry to fruition. The harnessing of atomic energy may have come as a result of World War II, but it also helped bring the conflict to an end. How did humanity come to construct and wield such a devastating weapon? 1 | THE MANHATTAN PROJECT Models of Fat Man and Little Boy on display at the Bradbury Science Museum. (Image: Courtesy of Los Alamos National Laboratory.) WE WAITED UNTIL THE BLAST HAD PASSED, WALKED OUT OF THE SHELTER AND THEN IT WAS ENTIRELY SOLEMN. WE KNEW THE WORLD WOULD NOT BE THE SAME. A FEW PEOPLE LAUGHED, A FEW PEOPLE CRIED. MOST PEOPLE WERE SILENT. J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER EARLY NUCLEAR RESEARCH GERMAN DISCOVERY OF FISSION Achieving the monumental goal of splitting the nucleus The 1930s saw further development in the field. Hungarian- of an atom, known as nuclear fission, came through the German physicist Leo Szilard conceived the possibility of self- development of scientific discoveries that stretched over several sustaining nuclear fission reactions, or a nuclear chain reaction, centuries. -
The Secret Hans2.Doc Italicized Paragraphs Not Presented September 19, 2005
091805 The Secret Hans2.doc Italicized paragraphs not presented September 19, 2005 The Secret Hans Richard L. Garwin at Celebrating an Exemplary Life September 19, 2005 Cornell University I recount1 some early interactions I had with Hans, beginning in 1951. Hans had led the Theoretical Division at Los Alamos from 1943 to 1945, and despite his antagonism to the hydrogen bomb, was willing to turn his talents to learning whether it could be done or not, which was his role when we interacted in the summer of 1951. In May of 1951 my wife and I and our infant son went to Los Alamos for the second summer, where I would continue to work mostly on nuclear weapons. I was at that time an Assistant Professor at the University of Chicago and had spent the summer of 1950 at the Los Alamos Laboratory, sharing an office with my colleague and mentor Enrico Fermi—Hans Bethe's mentor in Rome as well. When I returned in 1951, and asked Edward Teller, another University of Chicago colleague, what was new and what I could do, he asked me to devise an experiment to confirm the principle of "radiation implosion," then very secret, that he and Ulam had invented that February. In May 1951, the young physicists Marshall Rosenbluth and Conrad Longmire were trying to do actual calculations on this method for using the energy from an ordinary fission bomb to compress and heat fusion fuel-- that is, heavy hydrogen (deuterium). I decided that the most convincing experiment would be a full-scale hydrogen bomb, so I set about designing that. -
Emerging Missile Challenges and Improving Active Defenses
Emerging Missile Challenges and Improving Active Defenses Jeffrey A. Larsen and Kerry M. Kartchner US Air Force Counterproliferation Center 25 Future Warfare Series No. 25 EMERGING MISSILE CHALLENGES AND IMPROVING ACTIVE DEFENSES by Jeffrey A. Larsen Kerry M. Kartchner The Counterproliferation Papers Future Warfare Series No. 25 USAF Counterproliferation Center Air University Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Emerging Missile Challenges and Improving Active Defenses Jeffrey A. Larsen Kerry M. Kartchner August 2004 The Counterproliferation Papers Series was established by the USAF Counterproliferation Center to provide information and analysis to assist the understanding of the U.S. national security policy-makers and USAF officers to help them better prepare to counter the threat from weapons of mass destruction. Copies of No. 25 and previous papers in this series are available from the USAF Counterproliferation Center, 325 Chennault Circle, Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6427. The fax number is (334) 953- 7530; phone (334) 953-7538. Counterproliferation Paper No. 25 USAF Counterproliferation Center Air University Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6427 The internet address for the USAF Counterproliferation Center is: http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/awc-cps.htm Contents Page Disclaimer................................................................................................... ii The Authors ............................................................................................... iii I. The Rationale for Missile Defense..........................................................1 -
―Basically a True Story:‖ the Beginning Or the End, Fat Man and Little Boy, and American Remembrance of the Atomic Bomb
―Basically a True Story:‖ The Beginning or the End, Fat Man and Little Boy, and American Remembrance of the Atomic Bomb By Theresa Lynn Verstreater B.A. in History, December 2008, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville A Thesis submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of the George Washington University in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts January 31, 2015 Thesis directed by Charles Thomas Long Assistant Professor of History Abstract of Thesis ―Basically a True Story:‖ The Beginning or the End, Fat Man and Little Boy, and American Remembrance of the Atomic Bomb The impact of film as a vehicle for dissolution of information should not be discounted because it allows the viewer to experience the story alongside the characters and makes historical moments more relatable when presented through the modern medium. This, however, can be a double-edged sword as it relates to the creation of collective memory. This thesis examines two films from different eras of the post-atomic world, The Beginning or the End (1947) and Fat Man and Little Boy (1989), to discover their strengths and weaknesses both cinematically and as historical films. Studied in this way, the films reveal a leniency toward what professional historians might consider to be historical ―truth‖ while emphasizing moral ambiguity about the bomb and the complex relationships among the men and women responsible for its creation. While neither film boasts outstanding filmmaking, each attempts to educate the viewer while maintaining entertainment value through romantic subplots and impressive special effects. -
Un Dioparama Du Regroupement Pour La Surveillance Du Nucléaire
l’Uranium un dioparama du Regroupement pour la surveillance du nucléaire (Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility) presenté par Gordon Edwards, Ph.D., président du RSN, aux commissaires du BAPE, le 17 novembre, 2014 Regroupement pour la surveillance du nucléaire www.ccnr.org/index_f.html PART 1 Uses for Uranium 1. Nuclear Weapons 2. Fuel for Nuclear Reactors A Model of the Every atom has a Uranium Atom tiny “nucleus” at the centre, with electrons in orbit around it. Uranium is special. It is the key element behind all nuclear technology, whether military or civilian. Photo: Robert Del Tredici A Monument to the Splitting of the Atom Splitting of the Atom When the uranium nucleus is “split” enormous energy is released. And the broken pieces of uranium atoms are extremely radioactive. iPhoto: Robert Del Tredici Canadian Uranium for Bombs 1941-1965 The Quebec Accord CANADA – USA - UK Prime Quebec City President Prime Minister 1943 of the U.S.A. Minister of Canada of Britain Quebec Agreement Uranium from Canada to be used in WWII Atomic Bomb Project Fat Man – made from plutonium (a uranium derivative) Fat Man and Little Boy Little Boy – made from Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Models of the two Atomic Bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 iPhoto: Robert Del Tredici Destruction of the City of Hiroshima caused by Little Boy, August 6, 1945 The Yellowcake Road (Canada) Yellowcake Road All uranium goes to Port Hope on Lake Ontario for Map by G. Edwards conversion to uranium hexafluoride or uranium dioxide & Robert Del Tredici Uses of Uranium UnGl 1945, all Canadian uranium was sold to the US military for Bombs. -
APUSH) SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 2014/2015 Ms
AP US HISTORY (APUSH) SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 2014/2015 Ms. Young [email protected] SUGGESTED READINGS *Remember you really should read one of these books in addition to Founding Brothers. You will thank me later! The Killer Angels – by Michael Shaara Undaunted Courage – by Stephen Ambrose Confederates in the Attic – by Tony Horwitz Andrew Jackson, His Life and Times – by H. W. Brands 1776 – by David McCulloch Seabiscuit: An American Legend- Laura Hillenbrand Water for elephants – by Sara Gruen Under the Banner of Heaven – John Krakauer March – by Geraldine Brooks The Help – by Kathryn Stockett Baseball’s Great Experiment: Jackie Robinson and His Legacy – by Jules Tygiel Somebody Knows My Name – by Lawrence Hill The Last Boy: Mickey Mantle and the End of America’s Childhood – by Jane Leavy Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption by Laura Hillendbrand Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee – Dee Brown Founding Mothers – by Cokie Roberts Team of Rivals – by Doris Kearns Goodwin Lies My Teacher Told Me – by James W. Loewen Narrative of the Life of Frederick Dougalss – by Frederick Douglass The Greatest Generation – by Tom Brokaw Devil in the White City – by Erik Larson In the Garden of Beasts – by Erik Larson The Rape of Nanking – by Iris change Triangle: the Tire that Changed America – by David von Drehle We Were Soldiers Once…and Young – by Harold G. Moore and Joseph L. Galloway A Rumor of War – by Philip Caputo Lonesome Dove – by Larry McMurtry At the Hands of Persons Unknown – Phillip Dray Fire in a Canebrake: The Last Mass Lynching in America – Laura Wexler SUGGESTED MOVIES *The movies are divided by historical eras. -
National Missile Defense—Your Army Protecting Our Homeland
No. 83 AUSA Background Brief November 1999 An Institute of Land Warfare Publication Space and Missile Defense Challenges: National Missile Defense- your Army Protecting Our Homeland (First in a series of three Background Briefs based on information obtained from U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command) We are affirming that there is a threat, and the threat is growing, and that we expect it will soon pose a danger not only to our troops overseas but also to Americans here at home. On August 3]51, North Korea launched a Taepo Dong I missile .... The Taepo Dong I test was another strong indicator that the United States in fact will face a rogue nation missile threat to our homeland against which we will have to protect the American people. William S. Cohen, Secretary of Defense, 20 January 1999 Next summer, our nation's leadership will make a critical defense decision that will affect our defense posture well into the next millennium. After fifty years of research and development of ballistic missiles and missile defense systems, and many aborted attempts to field systems designed to provide a limited missile defense for the homeland, our nation's leadership will decide whether or not to deploy a national missile defense (NMD) system to meet the growing threat to the homeland from ballistic missile attack. If the President decides to deploy, a limited NMD system with ground-based elements manned by the Army could be operational in 2005. A historical perspective. The defense of the United States is and always has been a soldier's most sacred responsibility. -
A Blast from the Past Program Areas: Engineering and Technology, Metals Technology, Transportation
Class Starters and Enders help utilize the last minutes of class when a lesson ends but there is not enough time to start another, or for an interest approach at the beginning of class. Mini-lessons correlate to GPS in the programs areas below. A Blast from the Past Program Areas: Engineering and Technology, Metals Technology, Transportation Instructions: Read the material and make notes of important points, answer questions, and be ready to discuss this topic. Fat Man and Little Boy were two of the three bombs that were developed under the Manhattan Project, a secret U.S military project to create the first nuclear atomic weapons. Thought to be named for their size, some believe “Fat Man” was named for Winston Churchill, while “Thin Man” (the third bomb) was named for Franklin Roosevelt, and “Little Boy” was named after developers realized Thin Man could be made shorter. During the final chapter of World War II in August 1945, the United States conducted two bombings on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Little Boy was dropped on the city of Hiroshima and was responsible for the deaths of 90,000-160,000 people and Fat Man was dropped on the city of Nagasaki and killed 60,000-80,000 people. Six days after Fat Man was dropped over Nagasaki, Japan surrendered to the Allied Forces. Fat Man and Little Boy were both implosion type devices, or devices that contained such high explosives it caused the mass to compress, made of the isotope plutonium-239 which gave them sensitive and very reactive properties. -
Nuclear-Dynamics-In-A-Multipolar-Strategic-Ballistic-Missile-Defense-World
NUCLEAR DYNAMICS In a Multipolar Strategic Ballistic Missile Defense World by Charles D. Ferguson and Bruce W. MacDonald July 2017 ABOUT FAS Founded in November 1945 by many of the scientists who built the first atomic bombs, the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) is devoted to the belief that scientists, engi- neers, and other technically trained people have the ethical obligation to ensure that the technological fruits of their intellect and labor are applied to the benefit of humankind. The founding mission was to prevent nuclear war. While nuclear security remains a major objective of FAS today, the organization has expanded its critical work to address urgent issues at the intersection of science and security. FAS publications are produced to increase the understanding of policymakers, the public, and the press about urgent issues in science and security policy. Individual authors who may be FAS staff or acknowledged experts from outside the institution write these reports. Thus, these reports do not represent an FAS institutional position on policy issues. All statements of fact and expressions of opinion contained in this and other FAS Reports are the sole responsibility of the author or authors. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Charles D. Ferguson is the President of FAS and has worked on nuclear policy issues for almost 20 years. In addition, as a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and the Naval Nuclear Power School, he had served at the end of the Cold War as an officer on a ballistic missile submarine; after that service, he earned a Ph.D. in physics from Boston University. -
Nuclear Testing Continues
Nuclear testing continues The actual transfer of the responsibility for atomic energy research and weapons production from the Army to the Atomic Energy Commission did not take place until January, 1947. However, the later part of 1945 and the entire year of 1946 was a time of transition and turmoil amid the continuing demand to produce more nuclear weapons. While in Oak Ridge Y-12 continued to produce uranium 235 in ever increasing purity and quantity assisted by the increased production of K-25, Los Alamos faced ever increasing production demands. Last week we noted that many of the Special Engineer Detachment stayed at the sites when the war was over and continued working, however, most of them who had been drafted out of college and graduate school, were very eager to get back and finish their education. This hit Los Alamos hard as a large part of the technical staff left. According to Hewlett and Anderson’s The New World, throughout 1946, General Groves received several letters from Norris Bradbury, the Director of Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory expressing concern for the large numbers of technical staff who were leaving the laboratory and the vital need the nation had to keep the laboratory viable. He also included a plan of action that laid out what needed to be done a the laboratory to assure its future. Many of the Special Engineer Detachment who had been drafted out of college and graduate school were anxious to get back and finish their education. Many scientists were leaving who had been on a loaned status anyway from various teaching positions and other scientific work they were doing before the Manhattan Project brought them to Los Alamos. -
STANLEY R. MICKELSEN SAFEGUARD COMPLEX Nekoma
STANLEY R. MICKELSEN SAFEGUARD COMPLEX HAER No. ND-9 Nekoma vicinity Cavalier County North Dakota WRITIEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA REDUCED COPIES OF MEASURED DRAWINGS HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD MIDWEST SUPPORT OFFICE National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 1709 Jackson Street Omaha, NE 68102 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD STANLEY R. ldICKELSEN SAFEGUARD COMPLEX ·· HAER No. ND.::.9 L INTRODUCTION NOTE: For shelving purposes at the Library of Congress, Nekoma vicinity in Cavalier County was chosen as the "official" location for all SRMSC HAER documentation. Location: The Stanley R. Mickelsen Safeguard Complex (SRMSC) consists of six individual facilities located in extreme northeastern North Dakota, in Pembina, Ramsey, Walsh, and Cavalier counties. The Missile Site Radar (MSR) is located 102 miles northwest of Grand Forks, North Dakota, and 12 miles south of Langdon, North Dakota, close to the small town of Nekoma, North Dakota. The Perimeter Acquisition Radar (PAR) is located 145 miles northwest of Grand Forks and 24 miles east of Langdon. The four Remote Sprint Launch (RSL) sites are located within an approximately 20 mile radius of the MSR. Quad/UTM: RSL-1 Alsen S.E. 14/5307 53750 RSL-2 Langdon West 14/5409 54105 RSL-3 Hanks Comer 14/5744 54103 RSL-4 EdmoreN.E. 14/5553 53703 PAR Concrete 14/5805 53973 MSR Nekoma 14/5472 53819 Date of Construction: April 1, 1970 - January 1, 1973 Present Owner: U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command Huntsville, Alabama Present Use: The PAR is leased to the U.S. Air Force as Cavalier Air Force Station and remains in use as a radar sensor for the North American Air Defense Command and Satellite Surveillance Network.