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Lista Rossa Molluschi (Gasteropodi E Bivalvi)

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Lista Rossa Molluschi (Gasteropodi E Bivalvi) 2012 > Pratica ambientale > Liste Rosse / Gestione delle specie > Lista Rossa Molluschi (Gasteropodi e Bivalvi) Specie minacciate in Svizzera, stato 2010 > Pratica ambientale > Liste Rosse / Gestione delle specie > Lista Rossa Molluschi (Gasteropodi e Bivalvi) Specie minacciate in Svizzera, stato 2010 A cura dell’Ufficio federale dell’ambiente UFAM e del Centro Svizzero di Cartografia della Fauna CSCF Berna, 2012 Valenza giuridica della presente pubblicazione Nota editoriale Lista Rossa dell’UFAM secondo l’articolo 14 capoverso 3 Editori dell’ordinanza del 16 gennaio 1991 sulla protezione della natura e del Ufficio federale dell’ambiente (UFAM) paesaggio (OPN ; RS 451.1) www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/45.html L’UFAM è un ufficio del Dipartimento federale dell’ambiente, dei trasporti, dell’energia e delle comunicazioni (DATEC), Berna. La presente pubblicazione, elaborata dall’UFAM in veste di autorità di Centro Svizzero di Cartografia della Fauna (CSCF), Neuchâtel. vigilanza, è un testo d’aiuto all’esecuzione destinato in primo luogo alle autorità esecutive. Nel testo viene data concretezza a concetti Autori giuridici indeterminati, inclusi in leggi e ordinanze, nell’intento di Gasteropodi terrestri: Jörg Rüetschi, Peter Müller e François Claude promuoverne un’esecuzione uniforme. Essa costituisce un aiuto per le Molluschi acquatici: Pascal Stucki e Heinrich Vicentini, autorità esecutive, in particolare nella designazione dei biotopi degni in collaborazione con Simon Capt e Yves Gonseth (CSCF) di protezione (art. 14 cpv. 3, lett. d OP. N) Accompagnamento UFAM Francis Cordillot, divisione Specie, ecosistemi, paesaggi Indicazione bibliografica Rüetschi J., Stucki P., Müller P., Vicentini H., Claude F. 2012: Lista Rossa Molluschi (Gasteropodi e Bivalvi). Specie minacciate della Svizzera, stato 2010. Ufficio federale dell’ambiente, Berna, e Centro Svizzero di Cartografia della Fauna (CSCF), Neuchâtel. Pratica ambientale n. 1216: 148 pagg. Traduzione Antonietta Longo, Zurigo e Vita Iannella, Uster Grafica e impaginazione Ursula Nöthiger-Koch, Uerkheim Foto di copertina La trichia biconica (Trochulus biconicus), endemita svizzero con stato di minaccia «vulnerabile» (foto: Markus Baggenstos) Per ordinare la versione stampata e scaricare il PDF UFCL, Distribuzione pubblicazioni federali, CH-3003 Berna Tel. +41 (0)31 325 50 50, fax +41 (0)31 325 50 58 [email protected] Numero di ordinazione: 810.100.095i www.bafu.admin.ch/uv-1216-i La presente pubblicazione è disponibile anche in tedesco e francese. © UFAM/CSCF 2012 > Indice 3 > Indice Abstracts 5 6 Interpretazione e discussione della Lista Rossa Prefazione 7 dei gasteropodi terrestri 100 Riassunto 8 6.1 Il gruppo di specie in Svizzera 100 6.2 Confronto con la Lista Rossa del 1994 100 6.3 Il cambiamento climatico e le sue possibili influenze 103 1 Introduzione 9 7 Classificazione dei molluschi acquatici 105 2 Raccomandazioni sulle misure da adottare 11 7.1 Visione d’insieme 105 2.1 Ambienti acquatici 12 7.2 Estinto in Svizzera (RE) 106 2.2 Zone umide e prati bagnati 18 7.3 In pericolo d’estinzione (CR) 106 2.3 Rocce, ghiaioni, cave 19 7.4 Fortemente minacciato (EN) 108 2.4 Prati e pascoli 21 7.5 Vulnerabile (VU) 112 2.5 Boschi 24 7.6 Potenzialmente minacciato (NT) 115 2.6 Superfici edificate e ruderali 26 7.7 Non minacciato (LC) 116 2.7 Raccomandazioni per ulteriori ricerche 28 7.8 Dati insufficienti (DD) 117 7.9 Non valutato (NE) 118 3 Sintesi: stato dei molluschi 29 3.1 Grado di minaccia dei gasteropodi terrestri 8 Interpretazione e discussione della Lista Rossa e acquatici e dei bivalvi (molluschi) 29 dei molluschi acquatici 120 3.2 Minaccia secondo l’ambiente 30 8.1 Il gruppo di specie in Svizzera 120 8.2 Confronto con la Lista Rossa del 1994 120 8.3 Il cambiamento climatico e le sue possibili influenze 122 4 Lista delle specie con categorie di minaccia 44 4.1 Lista Rossa dei gasteropodi terrestri 45 4.2 Lista Rossa dei molluschi acquatici 48 Allegato 124 A1 Nomenclatura e tassonomia 124 A2 Procedura di elaborazione della Lista Rossa dei 5 Classificazione dei gasteropodi terrestri 50 Molluschi 127 5.1 Visione d’insieme 50 A3 Le Liste Rosse dell’UICN 135 5.2 Estinto in Svizzera (RE) 51 A4 Ringraziamenti 143 5.3 In pericolo d’estinzione (CR) 52 5.4 Fortemente minacciato (EN) 60 5.5 Vulnerabile (VU) 74 Bibliografia 145 5.6 Potenzialmente minacciato (NT) 86 5.7 Non minacciato (LC) 92 5.8 Dati insufficienti (DD) 93 5.9 Non valutato (NE) 97 > Abstracts 5 > Abstracts 101 (41%) of the evaluated 249 molluscs species found in Switzerland are categorised Keywords: as threatened on the basis of the IUCN criteria. A further 40 species (16%) are consid- Red List, ered to be near threatened. Moreover, 40% of the 181 land gastropods and 43% of the threatened species, 68 freshwater gastropods and bivalves are threatened. The most severely threatened species conservation, species are those found in wetlands and bound to sources, dry grasslands or transition snails, slugs, clams, habitats (ecotones, ruderal areas). In matter of conservation Switzerland assumes gastropods, responsibility on an international level for several of the critically endangered and bivalves, endangered species, which are considered to be local endemics. This revised Red List molluscs of molluscs replaces the first edition (Turner et al. in Duelli 1994). In der Schweiz werden 101 (41 %) der 249 bewerteten Weichtierarten gemäss den Stichwörter: IUCN-Kriterien als gefährdet eingestuft. 40 Arten (16 %) werden als potenziell gefähr- Rote Liste, det geführt. Dabei gelten 40 % der 181 Landschnecken sowie 43 % der 68 Wasser- gefährdete Arten, schnecken und Muscheln als bedroht. Am stärksten betroffen sind Arten der Feucht- Artenschutz, gebiete sowie der Quellen, der Trockenwiesen und der Übergangsgebiete (Säume, Schnecken, Ruderalfluren). Für das Überleben mehrerer der vom Aussterben bedrohten oder der Muscheln, stark bedrohten Arten trägt die Schweiz eine grosse Verantwortung, da sie lokal- Weichtiere, endemisch in der Schweiz vorkommen. Die vorliegende revidierte Rote Liste der Mollusken Weichtiere ersetzt die Erstausgabe (Turner et al. in Duelli 1994). En Suisse, 101 (41 %) des 249 espèces de mollusques évaluées sont considérées com- Mots-clés: me menacées selon les critères de l’UICN. 40 espèces (16 %) sont classées comme Liste rouge, potentiellement menacées. Plus précisément, 40 % des 181 gastéropodes terrestres ainsi espèces menacées, que 43 % des 68 gastéropodes aquatiques et bivalves évalués affichent un statut de conservation des espèces, menace. Les menaces les plus fortes pèsent sur les espèces des zones humides, des gastéropodes, sources, des prairies sèches et des milieux de transition (écotones, terrains rudéraux). bivalves, Parmi les espèces menacées d’extinction ou très menacées se trouvent des espèces mollusques endémiques, pour lesquelles la Suisse porte une grande responsabilité. La liste rouge des Mollusques révisée remplace la première édition (Turner et al. in Duelli 1994). In Svizzera, delle 249 specie di molluschi valutate secondo i criteri UICN, 101 (41 %) Parole chiave: sono state considerate minacciate. 40 specie (16 %) sono considerate come potenzial- Lista Rossa, mente minacciate. Più specificatamente, il 40 % delle 181 specie di gasteropodi terrestri specie minacciate, nonché il 43 % delle 68 specie di bivalvi e gasteropodi acquatici figurano nella Lista conservazione delle specie, Rossa. Le specie maggiormente colpite sono quelle delle zone umide nonché delle gasteropodi, sorgenti, dei prati secchi e degli ambienti di transizione (margini, zone ruderali). La bivalvi, Svizzera ha una grande responsabilità per la conservazione degli endemismi locali, in molluschi particolare nei confronti delle molte specie che sono a rischio d’estinzione o fortemente minacciate. La presente Lista Rossa dei Molluschi, aggiornata, sostituisce la prima edizione (Turner et al. in Duelli 1994). > Prefazione 7 > Prefazione I molluschi gasteropodi e i molluschi bivalvi sono un gruppo di animali molto vario, che svolge un ruolo importante per gli ecosistemi. La loro funzione non si limita a quella di demolire la sostanza organica morta o di servire quale nutrimento per nume- rose altre specie di animali. Sono organismi indicatori, sensibili alla qualità degli ambienti più disparati e pertanto si prestano in modo ideale per la verifica a lungo termine della varietà di specie nei nostri habitat acquatici e terrestri. Come tali sono per esempio impiegati nell’ambito del Monitoraggio della biodiversità in Svizzera (MBD- CH) o dei controlli dei corpi idrici effettuati dai Cantoni. Oggi, il concetto di Lista Rossa è noto non soltanto agli specialisti ma anche al vasto pubblico. Le Liste Rosse rappresentano dei campanelli d’allarme per lo stato della natura e possono essere impiegate come strumento di valutazione degli habitat. Questa loro funzione è contemplata anche nell’ordinanza relativa alla legge federale sulla protezione della natura e del paesaggio (art. 14 OPN) e nella legge sulla protezione delle acque (art. 31 LPAc). Le Liste Rosse possono anche essere utilizzate per verifica- re l’efficacia a lungo termine delle misure adottate per migliorare la qualità e la morfo- logia dei corpi d’acqua. Se si riuscirà a ridurre il numero di specie minacciate riportate in queste liste, vorrà dire che si sarà compiuto un grande passo verso la conservazione degli ecosistemi acquatici ancora intatti e il miglioramento di quelli ormai compro- messi. L’attuale Lista Rossa dei Molluschi, che sostituisce quella pubblicata nel 1994, traccia
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