DOCSLIB.ORG

Waders in Agricultural Habitats of European Russia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Waders in Agricultural Habitats of European Russia Lebedeva:Waders in agriculturalhabitats of EuropeanRussia Wadersin agricultural habitats of EuropeanRussia E.A. Lebedeva Lebedeva,E.A. 1998. Wadersin agriculturalhabitats of EuropeanRussia. International Wader Studies 10: 315-324. Analysisof dataon the occurenceof waderspecies in varioustypes of agriculturalhabitats of EuropeanRussia shows that 63% of all waderspecies and 41%of breedingwaders in this area inhabitagricultural landscapes. Waders prefer natural meadows, used for hay-harvesting,various kindsof openpastoral habitats, and ricefields (in southernRussia). In recentyears many waders havepopulated other arable lands, especially cereal crops and varioustypes of fallowlands. Due to the abilityof wadersto useagricultural areas for breeding,some species have expanded northwardsin recentdecades following an increasein the extentof agriculturalareas in the northernpart of EuropeanRussia. Crude indices of vulnerabilityfor waderspecies breeding in agriculturalareas of EuropeanRussia has made it possibleto identifythree broad groups of species requiringdifferent types of attentionfrom ornithologistsand agriculturalworkers. Specieswhose occurenceon farmlandis mostimportant in termsof conservationinclude: Great Snipe Gallinago media,Sociable Plover Chettusia gregaria, Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola, Curlew Nurnenius arquata,Stone Curlew Burhinusoedicnernus (Group I), with Black-tailedGodwit Lirnosalirnosa, Marsh SandpiperTringa stagnalis, Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni, Lapwing Vandlus vanellus, CommonSnipe Gallinago gallinago and RedshankTringa totanus in Group2. E.A. Lebedeva,Russian Bird Conservation Union, Shosse Entusiastov, 60, building1, Moscow,Russia. Ae0e/;esa,E.A. t998. Ky.•srs na cea•,croxo3s•cTsenm•x yro/•,sx EBponefic•ofi Poccss. Interrational Wader Studies 10: 315-324. Introduction The majorpart of non-forestedEuropean Russia is analyzethe role of agriculturalhabitats in currentlyused for agriculture.Given the extentof supportingpopulations of wadersfor European human activitiesin suchareas it is extremely Russia.As wadersare typical open-nesting birds, importantto evaluatetheir effecton natureand on theycan be consideredas good models for the birdsin particular.For suchpurposes, however, the studies of interrelations between birds and necessityof large-scalegeneralizations concerning agriculture.Owing to ecologicalpeculiarities of this speciescomposition, numbers, responses to group,one can observedifferent effects of agriculturalactivities etc. is obvious.Unfortunately agriculturalchange on birds:whilst somewaders no suchsummary data have yet beenpublished for sufferfrom drastichabitat changes and continuous our country. disturbanceby human activities,others can benefit from the appearenceof new typesof openareas In thispaper we havemade the first attemptto whichincrease ecological possibilities. 315 International Wader Studies 10: 315-324 Study areasand methods Extent and typology of agriculturalhabitats in European Russia Agriculturalhabitats occupy approximately half of the whole territoryof EuropeanRussia and coverin total about 114 m hectares(data for 1986;Kibalchich 1991). They havebeen traditionally separated by agriculturalistsinto the followingtypes: arable lands (c. 78.5m ha), hay meadows(c. 8.1 m ha) and pastures(c. 27.3 m ha). Within arablelands we have separatedsix different subtypes for thisanalysis: - barefallow - ploughedareas, left unsowedin summer; - other kinds of fallow lands, such as fields, left for oneor moreyears unploughed after harvesting; - winter cereals; - springcereals; - rice fields; - variouscultivated crops, such as potatoes,sugar beet,other vegetables, maise, sunflowers etc., - fieldswith perennialcrops, i.e. alfalfa, clover, medical herbs etc. The extentof the first two subtypes(bare fallow and otherfallow) in 1986was 7.98m ha; all cerealcrops (winterand springcereals with rice)occupied 38.0 m ha with winter cerealbeing most abundant; variouscultivated crops and perennialcrops were plantedrespectively on 22.45and 9.66m ha (Kibalchich 1991). :.. Hay meadowsshould be currentlysubdivided into at leasttwo groups,as traditionalnatural meadows are currentlybeing changed to artificiallysown, • t -'t,-'• high-productiveleys; consequently, the areaof natural meadows has decreased in the latest 30 , yearsby 41.7%(Kibalchich 1991). Figure1, •revalenceof different•es of agricul•ral habitatson •e territoryof Europe• Ru•ia accord•g to With respectto pastures,in the northernparts of T•h•ov (1983). EuropeanRussia they are representedmostly by b•s or othercoastal sites; 3) censusesof re•lar or intensivelygrazed tussocky types, while in central tempora• plots (•clud•g re•lar •anse•s) which and especiallysouthern Russia they are either we conside•to be the o•y acceptablemethod for highly overgrazeddry pastures,or moderately wader s•dies. grazedpastures with a mediumheight of grass- cover. Unfortunately,lack of agreementbetween ornithologistsworking on wadersin European Figure1 showsthose areas of EuropeanRussia Russia and elsewhere in Russia as to which kind of whereagricultural habitats prevail over other methods should be used for waders means that the habitattypes. numerousdispersed data on wadernumbers or densitiesare oftenincomparable. For thispaper we Methods used for wader censuses in have selectedonly thoseestimates that were either agriculturalhabitats of EuropeanRussia presentedin the form of densities,or couldbe Several traditional methods have been used in transformedinto similardensity estimates if the Russiafor bird censusesincluding wader counts: authorhas given the total surveyedarea. 1) censusesof regularor temporaryroutes with futher calculationsto give densitiesvalues. The Results and discussion mostwidespread methods are those of Ravkin Statusof different wader speciesin (1967) and Naumov (1963) with some later agriculturalhabitats of EuropeanRussia modifications.Although these methods have been workedout mostlyfor forestbirds, they arewidely A total of 48 wader species,including vagrants, usedin many wader counts;2) countsalong linear havebeen recorded in EuropeanRussia. Thirty- routes, often made in studies of waders on river- nine of thesespecies have been confirmed as breeding(Kozlova 1961-1962;Stepanyan 1990). 316 Lebedeva:Waders in agriculturalhabitats of EuropeanRussia Table 1. Statusof differentwader speciesin agriculturalhabitats of EuropeanRussia. Burhinusoedicnemus • OvergrazedBelik & Bakhtadze1982 drypasture Pluvialissquatarola •/ • Zinoviev1980 Pluvialisapricaria •/ Winter • • Belik1990; Zinoviev 1980 Charadriusdubius •/ ß • Kazakovetal. 1984; Butiev & Lebedeva 1990 Charadriusmorinellus •/ • Zin•)viev1980; Tilba 1990 Vanellusvanellus •/ Numerousdata, almost allhabitat types Chettusiagregaria Spring • ModeratelyFornin 1977; Davygora eta/.1989; grazed Khokhlov& Vitovich 1990 pastures Khokhlov1987; Himantopushimantopus •/ • ModeratelyKazakov etal. 1984,1988 grazed pastures Recurvirostraavocetta • • Kazakovet al. 1984 Haematopusostralegus •/ • Belik&Bakhtadze 1982 longipes Tringaochropus •/ • ß Kazakovetal. 1984; Zinoviev 1980; Butiev & Ezhova 1987 Tringaglareola •/ • • • Arable Kazakovet al. 1984; Zinoviev 1980 Tringanebularia •/ ß • • • Kazakovet al. 1984; Zinoviev 1980, Vinogradov1985 Tringatotanus Zinoviev1980; Kazakov et al. 1984 Tringaerythropus Kazakov et al. 1984 Tringastagnatilis $emagoetal. 1993 Actitishypoleucos Butiev & Lebedeva 1990 Xenuscinereus our data Philomachuspugnax Priklonsky1977; Zinoviev 1980; Belik 1990 Lymnocryptesminimus Ochapovsky1973; our data Gallinagogallinago Kazakovet al. 1984; Zinoviev 1980; ButievEzhova 1987; Konstantinov& Kutjin 1993 Gallinagomedia Kazakovet al. 1984; Zinoviev 1980; Nikiforov & Gibet 1987 Scolopaxrusticola Arable Tilba1990; Kazakov et al. 1984 Calidrisminutus Kazakovet al. 1984 Calidrisalpina ß Belik 1990 Numeniusarquata • Winter, Kazakovet al. 1984,1990;Butiev sprig & Lebedeva 1990 Limosalimosa Kazakovet al. 1984;Zinoviev 1980 Phalaropuslobatus Kazakov et al. 1984 Glareolapratincola Sprig Kazakovet al. 1984; Kazakov 1973 Glareolanordmanni Sprig ModeratelyKazakov et al. 1984;Denisov & grazed Frolov 1991 pastures Amongthese species 30 (63%of Europeanwader The breedingof somewader speciesin agricultural fauna)use various types of agriculturalhabitats, 16 habitatshas not yet beenproved, but seemsquite (41%of breedingfauna) nest in farmlandhabitats. possible.For example,Ringed Plovers Charadrius Data on the statusof wadersin agriculturalareas of hiaticulawere recordedas breeding in the wet EuropeanRussia are summarisedin Table1. tussockypastures of the Pripyatriver flood-plain, Belarus(the southernmost breeding area of the In somecases waders can also use rather untypical speciesin the whole of the formerUSSR; Nikiforov agriculturalsites, i.e. for StoneCurlew Burhinus et al. 1991),and thereforeit seemsprobable that it oedicnemusnesting in the orchardshas been proved canalso occur in similarhabitats in European in Saratovregion (Mezhnev 1990). Suchunusual Russia. records have not been included in Table 1. 317 International Wader Studies 10: 315-324 Table2. Dataon the densitiesof wadersbreeding in maintypes of farmlandhabitats in differentparts of EuropeanRussia. Little Ringed Vologdaregion 1970-1987 Butiev& Lebedeva(1990) Arable 0.004 Plover Oka valley Polyakova& Radetsky Springcereals 2.0 (OkskyNature Reserve) (1973) Lapwing WesternManych Lakes, earlyJune Kazakovet al. (1984) Ricefields 9.4-13.7 1974 Western Manych late lune Kazakovet al. (1984) Ricefields 3.04.0 Lakes 1975 Vologdaregion 1970-1985
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Russia: the Impact of Climate Change to 2030: Geopolitical Implications
    This paper does not represent US Government views. This page is intentionally kept blank. This paper does not represent US Government views. This paper does not represent US Government views. Russia: The Impact of Climate Change to 2030: Geopolitical Implications Prepared jointly by CENTRA Technology, Inc., and Scitor Corporation The National Intelligence Council sponsors workshops and research with nongovernmental experts to gain knowledge and insight and to sharpen debate on critical issues. The views expressed in this report do not reflect official US Government positions. CR 2009-16 September 2009 This paper does not represent US Government views. This paper does not represent US Government views. This page is intentionally kept blank. This paper does not represent US Government views. This paper does not represent US Government views. Scope Note Following the publication in 2008 of the National Intelligence Assessment on the National Security Implications of Global Climate Change to 2030, the National Intelligence Council (NIC) embarked on a research effort to explore in greater detail the national security implications of climate change in six countries/regions of the world: India, China, Russia, North Africa, Mexico and the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Island States. For each country/region we have adopted a three-phase approach. • In the first phase, contracted research explores the latest scientific findings on the impact of climate change in the specific region/country. For Russia, the Phase I effort was published as a NIC Special Report: Russia: Impact of Climate Change to 2030, A Commissioned Research Report (NIC 2009-04, April 2009). • In the second phase, a workshop or conference composed of experts from outside the Intelligence Community (IC) determines if anticipated changes from the effects of climate change will force inter- and intra-state migrations, cause economic hardship, or result in increased social tensions or state instability within the country/region.
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Energy Reserves, Pipeline Routes and the Legal Regime in the Caspian Sea
    3. Energy reserves, pipeline routes and the legal regime in the Caspian Sea John Roberts I. The energy reserves and production potential of the Caspian The issue of Caspian energy development has been dominated by four factors. The first is uncertain oil prices. These pose a challenge both to oilfield devel- opers and to the promoters of pipelines. The boom prices of 2000, coupled with supply shortages within the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), have made development of the resources of the Caspian area very attractive. By contrast, when oil prices hovered around the $10 per barrel level in late 1998 and early 1999, the price downturn threatened not only the viability of some of the more grandiose pipeline projects to carry Caspian oil to the outside world, but also the economics of basic oilfield exploration in the region. While there will be some fly-by-night operators who endeavour to secure swift returns in an era of high prices, the major energy developers, as well as the majority of smaller investors, will continue to predicate total production costs (including carriage to market) not exceeding $10–12 a barrel. The second is the geology and geography of the area. The importance of its geology was highlighted when two of the first four international consortia formed to look for oil in blocks off Azerbaijan where no wells had previously been drilled pulled out in the wake of poor results.1 The geography of the area involves the complex problem of export pipeline development and the chicken- and-egg question whether lack of pipelines is holding back oil and gas pro- duction or vice versa.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Arctic Cities
    ? chapter one Russia’s Arctic Cities Recent Evolution and Drivers of Change Colin Reisser Siberia and the Far North fi gure heavily in Russia’s social, political, and economic development during the last fi ve centuries. From the beginnings of Russia’s expansion into Siberia in the sixteenth century through the present, the vast expanses of land to the north repre- sented a strategic and economic reserve to rulers and citizens alike. While these reaches of Russia have always loomed large in the na- tional consciousness, their remoteness, harsh climate, and inaccessi- bility posed huge obstacles to eff ectively settling and exploiting them. The advent of new technologies and ideologies brought new waves of settlement and development to the region over time, and cities sprouted in the Russian Arctic on a scale unprecedented for a region of such remote geography and harsh climate. Unlike in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of other countries, the Russian Far North is highly urbanized, containing 72 percent of the circumpolar Arctic population (Rasmussen 2011). While the largest cities in the far northern reaches of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland have maximum populations in the range of 10,000, Russia has multi- ple cities with more than 100,000 citizens. Despite the growing public focus on the Arctic, the large urban centers of the Russian Far North have rarely been a topic for discussion or analysis. The urbanization of the Russian Far North spans three distinct “waves” of settlement, from the early imperial exploration, expansion of forced labor under Stalin, and fi nally to the later Soviet development 2 | Colin Reisser of energy and mining outposts.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia and Ukraine: Military-Strategic Options, and Possible Risks, for Moscow
    Russia and Ukraine: Military-strategic options, and possible risks, for Moscow Johan Norberg & Fredrik Westerlund A further Russian military intervention in Ukraine would long-term strategic buffer zone against NATO without not only be damaging to the security of both Ukraine and taking significant military-strategic risks. Russia’s armed Europe. It could also entail significant military-strategic forces are nominally impressive in size, but are spread risks for Russia, reducing its military options in other thinly over the country’s enormous territory in peacetime, strategic directions such as Central Asia and the Caucasus. based on Russia’s current threat assessments. While Russian officials still claim they have a one- Russian strategic and doctrinal documents reveal a million-strong army, it may still face military-strategic world view that sees military threats and dangers from overstretch should the Kremlin decide to launch extended all directions. Apart from NATO expansion to Russia’s combat operations in Ukraine. What are the reasons for west, instability looms in the Caucasus and Central Asia this? What military options are available to secure Russia to the south. Furthermore, Russia’s force posture in the from perceived threats in its western strategic direction? Eastern Military District (MD) clearly shows that China What risks do operations beyond Crimea entail? A closer is a military concern, requiring preparations to augment look at the military-strategic issues is warranted, beginning Russian forces there. Although the armed forces are with the Russian threat assessment and peacetime military geographically dispersed, Russia can concentrate forces for posture, however other Russian rationales for intervention offensive operations to seize and hold territory but only in in Ukraine – such as political and economic considerations one strategic direction at a time.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 FIFA WORLD CUP RUSSIA'n' WATERWAYS
    - The 2018 FIFA World Cup will be the 21st FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It is scheduled to take place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018,[2] 2018 FIFA WORLD CUP RUSSIA’n’WATERWAYS after the country was awarded the hosting rights on 2 December 2010. This will be the rst World Cup held in Europe since 2006; all but one of the stadium venues are in European Russia, west of the Ural Mountains to keep travel time manageable. - The nal tournament will involve 32 national teams, which include 31 teams determined through qualifying competitions and Routes from the Five Seas 14 June - 15 July 2018 the automatically quali ed host team. A total of 64 matches will be played in 12 venues located in 11 cities. The nal will take place on 15 July in Moscow at the Luzhniki Stadium. - The general visa policy of Russia will not apply to the World Cup participants and fans, who will be able to visit Russia without a visa right before and during the competition regardless of their citizenship [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup]. IDWWS SECTION: Rybinsk – Moscow (433 km) Barents Sea WATERWAYS: Volga River, Rybinskoye, Ughlichskoye, Ivan’kovskoye Reservoirs, Moscow Electronic Navigation Charts for Russian Inland Waterways (RIWW) Canal, Ikshinskoye, Pestovskoye, Klyaz’minskoye Reservoirs, Moskva River 600 MOSCOW Luzhniki Arena Stadium (81.000), Spartak Arena Stadium (45.000) White Sea Finland Belomorsk [White Sea] Belomorsk – Petrozavodsk (402 km) Historic towns: Rybinsk, Ughlich, Kimry, Dubna, Dmitrov Baltic Sea Lock 13,2 White Sea – Baltic Canal, Onega Lake Small rivers: Medveditsa, Dubna, Yukhot’, Nerl’, Kimrka, 3 Helsinki 8 4,0 Shosha, Mologa, Sutka 400 402 Arkhangel’sk Towns: Seghezha, Medvezh’yegorsk, Povenets Lock 12,2 Vyborg Lakes: Vygozero, Segozero, Volozero (>60.000 lakes) 4 19 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 1 2 3 6 7 10 14 15 4,0 MOSCOW, Group stage 1/8 1/4 1/2 3 1 Estonia Petrozavodsk IDWWS SECTION: [Baltic Sea] St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Liquidation of Denikin and Yudenich October 1919 – March 1920
    The Liquidation of Denikin and Yudenich October 1919 – March 1920 “. Победить Деникина, уничтожить его, сделать невозможным повторение подобного нашествия – таков коренной интерес и Великорусских, и Украинских рабочих и крестьян.” “. To defeat Denikin, to annihilate him, to have made impossible for a similar invasion to recur – this is the main interest of the Great Russians, and the Ukrainian workers and peasants.” 45 Map 7 The Liquidation of Denikin and Yudenich // October 1919 – March 1920 Colored lithographic print, 99 x 64 cm. Compilers: A. N. de-Lazari and N. N. Lesevitskii Artist: N. D. Kazantsev Historical Background and Thematic Design The seventh map in the series depicts the Red Army’s defeat of the White counterrevolutionary forces of Gen- erals Denikin and Yudenich in the fall and winter of 1919-20. The map’s dominant visual image is the surge of Red Army soldiers, including soldiers with rifles and bayo- nets or cavalry with lances, who pursue White opposition forces into southern Russia and Ukraine, northern Russia, the Trans-Caspian, Crimea, Caucasus, Estonia, and Galicia, where they are illustrated as either hold- ing defensive positions, in flight, wounded, or killed. Bold red spearheads depict the movements of Red Ar- my forces, while green arrows indicate the defensive movement and retreat of White forces. Red is the dominant color and identifies the territory under control of the Red Army and the Soviet govern- ment. Green identifies territory remaining under White control, whereas gray indicates the area still being contested. Defeat of White Forces Overextended, outnumbered, and without local or international support, the White forces in southern Russia fell into a general retreat approximately 240 miles short of Moscow.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia and Asia: the Emerging Security Agenda
    Russia and Asia The Emerging Security Agenda Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI is an independent international institute for research into problems of peace and conflict, especially those of arms control and disarmament. It was established in 1966 to commemorate Sweden’s 150 years of unbroken peace. The Institute is financed mainly by the Swedish Parliament. The staff and the Governing Board are international. The Institute also has an Advisory Committee as an international consultative body. The Governing Board is not responsible for the views expressed in the publications of the Institute. Governing Board Professor Daniel Tarschys, Chairman (Sweden) Dr Oscar Arias Sánchez (Costa Rica) Dr Willem F. van Eekelen (Netherlands) Sir Marrack Goulding (United Kingdom) Dr Catherine Kelleher (United States) Dr Lothar Rühl (Germany) Professor Ronald G. Sutherland (Canada) Dr Abdullah Toukan (Jordan) The Director Director Dr Adam Daniel Rotfeld (Poland) Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Signalistg. 9, S-1769 70 Solna, Sweden Cable: SIPRI Telephone: 46 8/655 97 00 Telefax: 46 8/655 97 33 E-mail: [email protected] Internet URL: http://www.sipri.se Russia and Asia The Emerging Security Agenda Edited by Gennady Chufrin OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1999 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Different Factors on the Sediment Yield of the Oka Basin Rivers (Central Russia)
    Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems (Proceedings of a symposium held in 28 Dundee, UK, July 2006). IAHS Publ. 306, 2006. Influence of different factors on the sediment yield of the Oka basin rivers (central Russia) VALENTIN GOLOSOV Laboratory for Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, GSP-2, 119992, Moscow, Russia [email protected] Abstract In order to investigate links between basin/land-use characteristics and sediment fluxes of rivers within the Oka River basin, a database has been compiled from observations obtained at 25 gauging stations located in different parts of the basin. Relatively high correlations have been found between sediment yield from basin hillslopes and river sediment yield for: (i) rivers of the forest and northern part of forest-steppe zones (r2 = 0.50); and (ii) rivers of forest-steppe zones (r2 = 0.52). A linear positive relationship (r2 = 0.71) has been found between sediment delivery ratio and weighted average gradient of river channel separately for the large river basins and small river basins of the forest zone. A negative relationship between sediment delivery ratio and forested area within basins is found separately for the small (S < 2500 km2) rivers and large rivers of the Oka River basin. The influence of other factors as well as the problem of small river aggradation is also discussed. Key words erosion; gauging station; river aggradation; Russia; sediment yield INTRODUCTION Under natural conditions, the contribution of the basin-derived sediment yield component decreases and the channel-derived component increases slowly from the upper parts of fluvial systems to the large river basins (Dedkov & Mozzerin, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • CABRI-Volga Report Deliverable D2
    CABRI-Volga Report Deliverable D2 CABRI - Cooperation along a Big River: Institutional coordination among stakeholders for environmental risk management in the Volga Basin Environmental Risk Management in the Volga Basin: Overview of present situation and challenges in Russia and the EU Co-authors of the CABRI-Volga D2 Report This Report is produced by Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering and the International Ocean Institute with the collaboration of all CABRI-Volga partners. It is edited by the project scientific coordinator (EcoPolicy). The contact details of contributors to this Report are given below: Rupprecht Consult - Forschung & RC Germany [email protected] Beratung GmbH Environmental Policy Research and EcoPolicy Russia [email protected] Consulting United Nations Educational, Scientific UNESCO Russia [email protected] and Cultural Organisation MO Nizhny Novgorod State University of NNSUACE Russia [email protected] Architecture and Civil Engineering Saratov State Socio-Economic SSEU Russia [email protected] University Caspian Marine Scientific and KASPMNIZ Russia [email protected] Research Center of RosHydromet Autonomous Non-commercial Cadaster Russia [email protected] Organisation (ANO) Institute of Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Accounting "Cadaster" Ecological Projects Consulting EPCI Russia [email protected] Institute Open joint-stock company Ammophos Russia [email protected] "Ammophos" United Nations University Institute for UNU/EHS Germany [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Organic Matter Temporal Dynamics in the Klyazma Basin Using Remote Sensing and Qgis Trends.Earth
    ISSN-E 1995-9516 Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería COPYRIGHT © (UNI). TODOS LOS DERECHOS RESERVADOS http://revistas.uni.edu.ni/index.php/Nexo https://doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i02.11624 Vol. 34, No. 02, pp. 973-992/Junio 2021 Assessment of organic matter temporal dynamics in the klyazma basin using remote sensing and qgis trends.earth Evaluación de la dinámica temporal de la materia orgánica en la cuenca de klyazma utilizando monitoreo remoto y qgis trends.earth Tatiana A. Trifonova1, Natalia V. Mishchenko2,*, Pavel S. Shutov2 1 Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation 2 Institute of Biology and Ecology, Vladimir State University, Vladimir, Russian Federation * [email protected] (recibido/received: 15-febrero-2021; aceptado/accepted: 05-abril-2021) ABSTRACT The article addresses the dynamics of biological processes in various landscapes within a holistic natural geosystem—a catchment area. The Klyazma river (the fourth order tributary to the Volga) was selected as the object of study. The natural complex of the Klyazma river basin is a combination of different landscapes, each marked by a diverse composition of geomorphological and soil-vegetation structures. The study is based on remote sensing data and the Trends.Earth Land Degradation Monitoring Project (Land Cover Dataset, European Space Agency 2015, 300 m spatial resolution) implemented using the open-source Quantum GIS 2.18. Four landscape provinces and eight site were identified in the studied catchment area according to the geomorphological structure and the soil and vegetation cover. The ecosystem parameters Gross Primary Productivity, Net Primary Productivity, and Ecosystem Respiration were measured in the identified sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Imperial Encounter with Armenians, 1801-1894
    CLAIMING THE CAUCASUS: RUSSIA’S IMPERIAL ENCOUNTER WITH ARMENIANS, 1801-1894 Stephen B. Riegg A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Louise McReynolds Donald J. Raleigh Chad Bryant Cemil Aydin Eren Tasar © 2016 Stephen B. Riegg ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Stephen B. Riegg: Claiming the Caucasus: Russia’s Imperial Encounter with Armenians, 1801-1894 (Under the direction of Louise McReynolds) My dissertation questions the relationship between the Russian empire and the Armenian diaspora that populated Russia’s territorial fringes and navigated the tsarist state’s metropolitan centers. I argue that Russia harnessed the stateless and dispersed Armenian diaspora to build its empire in the Caucasus and beyond. Russia relied on the stature of the two most influential institutions of that diaspora, the merchantry and the clergy, to project diplomatic power from Constantinople to Copenhagen; to benefit economically from the transimperial trade networks of Armenian merchants in Russia, Persia, and Turkey; and to draw political advantage from the Armenian Church’s extensive authority within that nation. Moving away from traditional dichotomies of power and resistance, this dissertation examines how Russia relied on foreign-subject Armenian peasants and elites to colonize the South Caucasus, thereby rendering Armenians both agents and recipients of European imperialism. Religion represented a defining link in the Russo-Armenian encounter and therefore shapes the narrative of my project. Driven by a shared ecumenical identity as adherents of Orthodox Christianity, Armenians embraced Russian patronage in the early nineteenth century to escape social and political marginalization in the Persian and Ottoman empires.
    [Show full text]
  • European River Lamprey Lampetra Fluviatilis in the Upper Volga: Distribution and Biology
    European River Lamprey Lampetra Fluviatilis in the Upper Volga: Distribution and Biology Aleksandr Zvezdin AN Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Aleksandr Kucheryavyy ( [email protected] ) AN Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-5736 Anzhelika Kolotei AN Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Natalia Polyakova AN Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Dmitrii Pavlov AN Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Research Keywords: Petromyzontidae, behavior, invasion, distribution, downstream migration, upstream migration Posted Date: February 12th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-187893/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/19 Abstract After the construction of the Volga Hydroelectric Station and other dams, migration routes of the Caspian lamprey were obstructed. The ecological niches vacated by this species attracted another lamprey of the genus Lampetra to the Upper Volga, which probably came from the Baltic Sea via the system of shipways developed in the 18 th and 19 th centuries. Based on collected samples and observations from sites in the Upper Volga basin, we provide diagnostic characters of adults, and information on spawning behavior. Silver coloration of Lampetra uviatilis was noted for the rst time and a new size-related subsample of “large” specimens was delimited, in addition to the previously described “dwarf”, “small” and “common” adult resident sizes categories. The three water systems: the Vyshnii Volochek, the Tikhvin and the Mariinskaya, are possible invasion pathways, based on the migration capabilities of the lampreys. Dispersal and colonization of the Caspian basin was likely a combination of upstream and downstreams migrations.
    [Show full text]