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Projet SCANDIUM & TERRES RARES Invitation RESTITUTION de MISSION Projet SCANDIUM & TERRES RARES « Enrichissements en Scandium et Terres Rares dans les profils latéritiques de Nouvelle Calédonie : approches géochimiques, minéralogiques et tests d’extractibilité » Le vendredi 15/04/16 – à l’IRD salle 2 – à 9h Le CNRT vous invite à participer à la réunion du 15/04/2016 animée par Michel Cathelineau (CNRS, Georessources) Coordinateur du projet Objectif de la réunion Points forts du Projet Michel Cathelineau profite de sa présence en Nouvelle- L’étude proposée vise dʼune part à diversifier lʼoffre Calédonie pour présenter les travaux du Labex en ressources minérales proposée par la Nouvelle- Ressources21 (Laboratoire d’excellence : Calédonie, et dʼautre part, à contribuer à ème « Ressources métalliques stratégiques du 21 l’approvisionnement en métaux stratégiques à siècle ») et notamment le programme nickel 2014- haute valeur ajoutée. L’idée étant de travailler sur 2017. les métaux valorisables en sous-produits de Ni et L’équipe scientifique présentera ensuite : Co, les métaux stratégiques potentiellement présents dans ce contexte sont le Scandium, et - Le premier livrable du programme : le rapport dans une moindre mesure les terres rares. L’étude bibliographique va ainsi s’attacher à comprendre les processus de transport et de piège de ces métaux dans les - intitulé « La ressource scandium - Potentiel économique & gîtologique ». altérites, en lien avec les connaissances acquises sur Ni et Co, et d’établir le potentiel des différents Ce rapport sera diffusé lors de la restitution types de gisements en ces métaux. - Les résultats des premières analyses réalisées sur les échantillons existants Les sites d’échantillonnage - Un bilan de la 1ère mission de l’équipe scientifique en NC en faisant • notamment un point sur les sites sectionnés et Cap Bocage • Koniambo les échantillons prélevés. ; • Thiébaghi - La planification des tâches à venir • Nakéty – N’go Pour tous renseignements Contactez le CNRT Tél. : 28 68 72 [email protected] RESSOURCES 21 Strategic metal resources for the 21st century 9 years: 2011-2019 Funding: 9 millions Euros, Consolidated costs: € 36.7 millions Euros Administrative supervision Scientific laboratories (Geosciences and Bio-geosciences) pour prendre le repas ensemble Observatory Earth and Environment Of Lorraine 1 Labex Ressources 21 Carnot Carnot ICEEL IFREMER Labex Voltaire Carnot BRGM Carnot ISIFOR Evolution récente des besoins en raison! ! 1) dʼun Accroissement massif des besoins des pays émergents dont la Chine# 2)! de besoins d"Innovation industrielle rapide # (technologies « vertes », TIC, transport) ! + de 50 éléments chimiques différents dans les portables et ordinateurs Filière photovoltaîque Besoins en Ge, Ga, .. Eolienne : 500 kg terres rares (Nd, …) -" Assurer l’approvisionnement des grands groupes industriels -" Éviter les situations de monopole (terres rares, W, fluorine, Sb : > 90 % produits par la Chine) -" Importer des éléments chimiques produits dans des conditions sociales et environnementales correctes -" >>> car le recyclage sera insuffisant, beaucoup de difficultés techniques Context Nd, Dy Nd, La, Ce Ge, In, Sb Industry needs to ensure availability of strategic metals Supply risk Sc, Nb, Ta Rare Earth Elements Energy Transition Sc Photovoltaic sector, Eolian energy PGE Ge Mg Ga In F High Tech. Economic Be Materials Co importance Ta Cr 10 Li Re V Te Mo Zn Mn Cu Ni Projets du LabEx RESSOURCES21 PhD, post-doc, projects Supply Risks 3-year project Ni 3-year project REE 5 REE Ce, Eu, Gd Sc Platinoides Ge Mg Ga In F Economic Be importance 1 Co Ta Cr 10 5 Li Re V 10 Te Mo Zn Mn Co Ni OTELo - LaBex RESSOURCES 21 5 Objectives : Insufficient recycling, increasing demand >>> New mines Life cycle of strategic elements (REE, Ge, In, Nb, Ta, ….) Maintain sustainability Where are the resources for Numerous knowledge gaps the future? New prospection tools Understanding How to minimize concentration processes energy and mass fluxes Preserve the environment Evaluate the environmental Source rock Improve clean and efficient Impact and risks Transport extraction Remediate contaminated (fluid, magma) soils Concentration (ores) Exploitation (mine) Extraction (mill) Dispersion Separation (plant) transport Bio-concentration (waters) Bio-availability Geo-availability Eco-toxicity x 102 to 105 Concentrate Metal salt or alloy 6 Disciplines, skills A cross-disciplinary approach favored by LabEx • Geology, field work >> New integrated projects of the Geosciences and Bio-geosciences • In situ approaches in community Mineralogy Geochemistry • Ore processing, • Soil sciences including isotopes Flotation • Botany • Hydrometallurgy • Biology, ecotoxicology • 3D modeling,transfers • Aquatic chemistry • Phytomining • Thermodynamic modeling Agromining and experiments including biosphere (mesocosms) 7 Means High performance equipment In situ analysis at the disposal of all researchers: • LA-ICP-MS Analytical platforms All metals down to ppm, almost all matrices including • Experimentation High P and T biological material Modeling platform • Flotation unit • in situ dating (U-Pb) • 3D modeling (GOCAD) • Hydrometallurgy • transfer- discontinuous (in progress) Isotope geochemistry media (ion probe, MC-ICP-MS) • Mesocosm and • Thermodynamic • Ni and Ge isotopes effects on biosphere modeling including • dating : Re-Os, (ecotox tests) biological processes U-Pb, Sm-Nd • K-Ar laboratory In addition to Microscopies (LT, LR, Cathodo, UV) SEM (2), QEM XRD, X-ray tomography, IR, Raman spectroscopies Labex co-funding Organic geochemistry • Ion probe (Cameca1280) (GC-MS, Q-tof MS) • K-Ar lab. • New LA-ICPMS 8 Research Strategy • 2012-2013 : open calls (international: post-doc, chair, small projects) >> projects on Ge-In, Nb-Ta, and new methodologies (discontinuous media modeling, biosensors, ecotox risk evaluation, in situ measurements) preparation of large projects through post-docs • 2014-2019 : series of strategic workshops >> favoring a general synergy and cross-disciplinary projects >> two major projects gathering knowledge from all participants and promoting innovation The chemical element becomes the bridge between all approaches 2- REE 1- Ni, Co, Mn, Sc, Cr and associated metals (Nb-Ta, U-Th) program 2014-2017 program 2015-2019 9 Three-year project Nickel (Co, Sc) Where, Why, How ? 1- Life cycle of Ni Understanding the process and related chemical elements (Co, Sc, Mn) of natural enrichment In laterites (Fe-oxides and Case of laterites on ultrabasites silicates) (New Caledonia, Philippines) Ore processing of Ni-ores: the fine grained ore problem Extraction from soils and plants: Phytomining and agromining of Ni New Caledonia : Impact of Ni on • the only French production biosphere (except Au in French Guiana) • 10% of the world production of Ni • French mining operators : ERAMET (SLN) and small producers 11 Conceptual and numerical model of Ni enrichment in discontinuities (silicate ore) Eaux météoriques 25 °C 50 °C OTELo - LaBex RESSOURCES 21 Olivine (Dunite) Understanding the Laterite process of natural Ni-goethite enrichment Kerolite 2 Relationships laterite- tectonic Si, Mg, Ni activity - water movements A new model for Kerolite 1 the kerolite solid solution Qz, SiO2 am A new model of (Raman, TEM, QEMA) Ni redisribution J. Raman Spectroscopy, 2015 Magnesite as Ni silicate Min. Dep. 2015 The fate of magnesium in the vicinity 3650 3660 3700 of Ni rich laterites d=9,5 Å 3685 Syntectonic magnesite 3675 3670 3644 Geology 2013 3636 3626 Magnesite formation after Specific serpentine polymorphs Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 2013 13 Fig. 4 B A Tlc C Lz II Plg. Srp. 1 cm Tlc 1 cm Lz I Liz5980 I Plg.Srp. Ni-Mg krl 1 cm 3690 cm-1 4980 Lizardite I 1780 Tlc 1380 Lz II 3676 cm-1 1580 3980 Lizardite II 1180 Talc -1 3690 cm-1 3696 cm White) 1380 980 3706 cm-1 1180 Polygonal 2980 serpentine 780 980 780 1980 580 580 380 380 980 -1 180 3661 cm 180 -20 -20 -20 3600 3650 3700 3750 3600 3650 3700 3750 3600 3650 3700 3750 Mg3 Ni Mg3 Ni3 3 Mg2Ni MgNi2 Ni/ Ni+ Mg Calibration: Cathelineau et al., 2015, J. Raman Spectroscopy Cathelineau et al., Min Dep 2015 Numerical modeling of laterite formation- PhD Thesis Andrey Myagkiy 1-D Reactive Multicomponent Transport model: • 25oC with the code PHREEQC associated with the llnl thermodynamic database • Kinetically controlled olivine dissolution The obtained sequence is the following: Goethite/Hematite/Saponite-Mg/ Ni talc-like/Quartz/Kerolite/Magnesite. This sequence coincides in terms of main minerals with a qualitative diagram of decreasing solubility (Golightly, 2010). Weathering of a 1-D column of partially serpentinized peridotite due to the meteoric water flow Olivine Rainfall = 1500 mm/yr Mg1,82 Fe0,17 Ni0,01 Al0,006 SiO4 P(O2 , CO2 ) atm Kinetics of Sorption on Precipitation dissolution of olivine the goethite of secondary + surface + minerals Paragenesis: Goethite Hematite Pimelite Kerolite Dissolution rate in a Saponite model: Falcondoite 2/3 R=r * A0/V * (m/m0 ) Quartz Discharge = 1500 m/ yr a column of 20 m discretized in 40 cells of 0.5m each. Modelling results reproduce the mineral succession observed in the field. After about 300 years, serpentinized peridotite has been partially weathered. It should be noted that the content of olivine at each cell was intentionally reduced in order to reduce calculation time. # # degree of lateritisation# Post-doc Y. Teitler# Contrat CNRT-Labex# Behaviour of scandium# in laterite profile# Influence of prothore ORE Processing- Fine graine separation- The case of Ni-laterite L. Filippov, and Saeed
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