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Ang Rebolusyong Pilipino: Isang Pagtanaw Mula Sa Loob

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Ang Rebolusyong Pilipino: Isang Pagtanaw Mula Sa Loob ANG REBOLUSYONG PILIPINO: ISANG PAGTANAW MULA SA LOOB Unang Kabanata Mga Taon ng Pagbubuo Mga Bagay-bagay Hinggil sa Kapanganakan T1: Kailan at saan ka ipinanganak? Maaari bang ilahad mo sa amin ang ilang bagay tungkol sa pinagmulan ng iyong pamilya? Sinu-sino ang iyong mga magulang? Ano ang katayuang panlipunan ng iyong pamilya? S: Ipinanganak ako noong Pebrero 8, 1939 sa Cabugao, Ilocos Sur sa Hilagang Luzon. Ang aking amang si Salustiano Serrano Sison ay namatay noong 1958 sa gulang na limampu't siyam na taon. Ang aking inang si Florentina Canlas ay mahigit na walumpung taon na ngayon. Ang aking pamilya ay kabilang sa uring panginoong maylupa at siyang prinsipal na pamilyang pyudal sa aking bayan. Ang aking ama ay kabilang sa ikatlong henerasyon ng ninunong lalaki ng pamilya, si Don Leandro Serrano, na nakapag- ipon ng pinakamalawak na lupain sa Hilagang Luzon noong huling kwarto ng ikalabinsiyam na siglo. Ang aking lolo sa ama, si Don Gregorio Sison, ang kahuli-hulihang gobernadorsilyo (punong ehekutibo ng isang munisipyo) noong kolonyal na rehimeng Espanyol at kauna-unahang presidente munisipal sa ilalim ng kolonyal na paghahari ng Estados Unidos. Hinawakan niya ang posisyong ito hanggang sa kamatayan niya noong maagang bahagi ng dekadang treynta. Ang pinagbuklod na mga pamilyang Serrano at Sison ay nangibabaw sa ekonomya at pulitika sa buong probinsya ng Ilocos Sur hanggang noong dekadang kwarenta. Minsan ay dalawa sa mga tiyo ko, sina Jesus Serrano at Sixto Brillantes, ang panabay na naging konggresista ng dalawang distrito ng aking probinsya. Isang lolo ko, si Don Mena Crisologo, ang naging unang gobernadorsilyo sa ilalim ng kolonyal na rehimeng Amerikano. Minsan naman, isang tiyo ang naging gobernador ng probinsya pagkaraan ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig. Ang aking ina ay mula sa pamilyang Lacsamana na kabilang din sa uring panginoong maylupa sa Mexico, Pampanga. Pero ang bahaging mamanahin ng ama ng aking ina ay kinamkam ng administrador ng pamilya, kaya bumagsak sa katayuang petiburges ang sanga ng kanyang ama. Sa kabila ng kanyang mataas na pinag-aralan, ang aking ama ay namuhay na isang maginoong taga-probinsya pagkaraang tanggapin niya ang kanyang mana. Ang aking ina ay tumulong sa aking ama sa pag-asikaso sa lupa, taimtim na tumupad ng kanyang mga obligasyon sa relihiyon, at nag-asikaso ng kanyang mga anak. Mga Ninuno T2: Sa abot ng makakaya mo, mangyaring tuntunin mo ang pinagmulan ng mga pamilyang Sison at Serrano. Batid kong isang piling pamilya ang mga Sison sa probinsya ng Pangasinan sa Gitnang Luzon. Paano nito natagpuan ang pamilyang Serrano sa Hilagang Luzon? Paano nagsanib ang pyudal na kayamanan ng dalawang pamilya? S: Ayon sa kasaysayan ng pamilya, ang unang Sison ay kapitan ng barko sa pangkalakal na plotang Fukienes na pag-aari ni Lin Tao-Kien noong ikalabing-anim na siglo. Ang kanyang mga inapo ay yumaman sa pamamagitan ng pagbibili ng bigas at bulak sa mga komersyanteng Tsino na kalahok sa kalakalang Maynila-Acapulco, at nanatiling mga Tsino hanggang sa unang kwarto ng ikalabingwalong siglo nang magparehistro ang unang Sison bilang isang mestisong sangley (isang komersyanteng Tsino-Malayo) sa talaan ng simbahan ng paroko ng Lingayen, Pangasinan. Noong 1810, ang aking lolo-sa-talampakang Sison ay nagpunta sa Vigan, Ilocos Sur mula sa Lingayen bilang isang komersyanteng mapaglibot at nakapangasawa sa pamilyang Espiritu na may uring komersyante-panginoong maylupa at lahing Espanyol-Tsino-Malayo. Ginaya niya ang halimbawa ng iba pang Sison na nakapangasawa sa piling angkan ng mga maylupa at nakapag-ipon din ng sariling lupa sa di-kukulangin sa sampung bayan ng Pangasinan. Sa kalahatian ng ikalabinsiyam na siglo, pinakasalan ng aking lolo-sa-tuhod at ng dalawa sa kanyang mga kapatid na lalaki ang mga anak na babae ng pamilyang Soller, na noon ay siyang prinsipal na pamilya ng panginoong maylupa sa aking bayan. At sa huling hati ng ikalabinsiyam na siglo ay naulit ito nang pakasalan naman ng aking lolo at ng dalawa niyang kapatid na lalaki ang tatlong anak na babae ni Don Leandro Serrano, na noon ay siyang pinakamalaking panginoong maylupa hindi lamang sa aking bayan kundi sa buong rehiyon ng Ilokos. Ang aking lolo-sa-tuhod na Serrano ay anak ng isang komersyanteng creollo (mestisong Espanyol-Indio) mula sa Amerika Latina at ni Dominga Serrano, isang dalaga mula sa isang pamilya ng menor na panginoong maylupa. Siya ang naging alaga at sakristan ng Espanyol na kurang Agustino ng aking bayan at sa napakaagang edad ay naging piskal o sekretaryo ng paroko. Tiyak na marami siyang natutunan sa kanyang mga maestrong pari tungkol sa mga kaparaanan ng sistemang kolonyal-pyudal. Sa sarili niya'y nakapag-ipon siya ng lupa sa pamamagitan ng usurang komersyante at pagkamkam ng mga lupang publiko. Matagal siyang nanungkulan bilang gobernadorsilyo; nagpautang sa mga cabeza de barangay (mga pinuno ng nayon) na hindi nakapangolekta ng buwis sa mga mamamayuan; at sa bandang huli'y nang-embargo ng kanilang mga lupain at namili ng mga ito sa mga subastang publiko. Ang lupaing may pribadong titulo ng aking lolo-sa-tuhod na Serrano ay sumaklaw sa humigit-kumulang sa 80 porsyento ng aking bayan at sa malalaking bahagi ng apat pang munisipyo, at ang may deklarasyon sa buwis ay sumaklaw naman sa kalakhan ng baybayin ng sampung bayan mula sa Badoc, Ilocos Norte hanggang sa Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur. Ang mga produkto ng kanyang lupain ay bigas, tabako, indigo at magey. Mga Impluwensya sa Kamusmusan T3 Paano ka naimpluwensyahan ng pagiging panginoong maylupa ng pamilya mo hanggang sa pagbibinata o gulang na labindalawang taon? Mangyaring maging bukas ka sa pagtukoy sa iba pang dagdag o salungat na impluwensya, tulad ng mula sa simbahan, paaralan, o kung ano pa. S: Mga panuntunang pyudal ang lumaganap sa pamilya. At ang mga ito'y madalas na isiksik sa utak ko. Kitang-kita ang mataas na amor propyo ng pamilya kahit na hindi ito banggitin pa ninuman. Ang mga bahay namin at ng mga pinsan ko ang tanging dalawang pribadong gusaling nasa paligid ng plasa, kasama ng simbahang Katoliko, gusali ng munisipyo at lokal na paaralang publiko. Ang henerasyon ng mga magulang ko ay nagsalita ng Espanyol. Araw-araw ang dating ng mga kasamang magsasaka para magbayad ng upa sa lupa, humingi ng binhi, magtrabaho sa palibot ng bahay, o kaya'y magdulog ng ilang natatanging pakiusap. Nasa pamilya ang pinakamahuhusay na upuan sa simbahan. Tuwing pista ng bayan, reserbado sa amin ang mga espesyal na likmuang pandangal dahil sa ang alkalde ay madalas na isang malapit na kamag-anak at umaasa sa mga siguradong boto ng mga kasama. Hanggang sa mga unang bahagi ng dekadang singkwenta, nasaksihan ko ang pagdulog ng mga kandidatong pulitiko sa aming bahay para manghingi ng mga botong ito. Bago siya naging bagong panginoon ng Ilocos Sur noong dekadang sesenta, ipinanawagan ni Floro Crisolo go ang pagiging magkamag-anak namin, gaano man kalayo, para makakuha ng boto. Ang malaking bahagi ng pagtuturo ng mga kapyudalan ay idi naan sa mga kwento tungkol sa aking lolo-sa-tuhod na sinasabing yumaman bunga ng pagod, talino, at banal na karapatan sa pribadong pagmamay-ari ng lupa at iba pang propyedad. Mula sa pagkabata, ginanyak akong mag-aral ng abogasya at maging abogado para maipagtanggol ko ang ari-arian ng pamilya, maging isang lider sa pulitika at panauliin ang kumukupas na dangal ng pamilya. Pinangangambahan na noon ng pamilya ang patuloy na pagkakahati-hati ng lupa sa bawat henerasyon at ang masiglang paglitaw sa pulitika ng mga propesyonal mula sa burgesya ng kanayunan na sinagisag ni Presidente Elpidio Quirino. Bunga ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig ay nasira ang malalaking bahay na bato at bodega ng mga magulang at kamag-anak ko. Ang mga ito ay pinagbobomba ng mga eroplanong Amerikano kahit umatras na ang mga tropang Hapones mula sa poblasyon. Kasunod nito, isang kalaban ng pamilya sa pulitika na nasa War Damage Commission ang nangharang ng aplikasyon ng pamilya para sa bayad-pinsala sa digma. Malaki ang gastos sa konsumo at ang gastos sa pagpapaaral ng mga anak sa mga mamahaling paaralan sa Maynila at aka sa mga kursong panggradwado sa Estados Unidos, kaya laging kapos sa pera ang pamilya at napilitang magbili ng lupa sa mga mayamang magsasaka, komersyante at burukrata. Hindi ako gaanong napahanga sa mga kwento ng pagpapakapagod at pag-iipon ng lupa ng aking lolo-sa-tuhod. Ito'y dahil sa ang mga kaklase at kalaro ko sa lokal na paaralang publiko ay mga anak ng aming mga kasama at ng lokal na panggitnang uri, at ikinwento nila sa akin kung paanong ang sarili nilang mga lolo at lolo- sa-tuhod ay inagawan ng lupa ng sarili kong lolo-sa-tuhod. Kinatuwaan ko nang iuwi at gamitin ang mga kwentong ito upang pagbiruan naman ang mga kwento ng pagmamapuri sa bahay. Itinuturing kong magandang kapalaran na nakapag-aral ako hanggang sa ikanim na baytang ng lokal na paaralang publiko dahil sa nakasalamuha ko ang mga anak ng mula sa mababang uri. Taliwas ito sa tradisyon ng pamilya na ipinapasok ang mga anak kapag pitong taong gulang na bilang interno o nangangasera sa mga eskwela ng kumbento na pinamamahalaan ng mga pari o madre para sa mga anak ng mga pamilyang mula sa mataas na uri o mataas na panggitnang uri. Naiwasan ko ang paaralang kumbento. Pero sa bahay at sa simbahan ay hindi maiwasan ang instruksyong relihiyoso. Natutuhan ko ang katesismo at mga dasal. At isa sa mga maagang nagawa ng utak ko noong siyam na taong gulang ako ay nang mamemorya ko sa loob ng tatlong araw ang mga sagot na Latin ng sakristan sa pari kapag nagmimisa. Kaya, nagsisilbi ako sa misa nang hindi ko nauunawaan ang dinadasal ko sa Latin.
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