DOCSLIB.ORG

Home Range and Spatial Organization by the Hoary Fox Lycalopex Vetulus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae): Response to Social Disruption of Two Neighboring Pairs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Home Range and Spatial Organization by the Hoary Fox Lycalopex Vetulus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae): Response to Social Disruption of Two Neighboring Pairs OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Home range and spatial organization by the Hoary Fox Lycalopex vetulus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae): response to social disruption of two neighboring pairs Julio C. Dalponte, Herson S. Lima, Stuart Klorfne & Nelton C. da Luz 26 May 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 6 | Pages: 11703–11709 10.11609/jot.3082.10.6.11703-11709 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Publisher & Host Partners Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2018 | 10(6): 11703–11709 Home range and spatial organization by the Hoary Fox Lycalopex vetulus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae): response Communication to social disruption of two neighboring pairs ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Julio C. Dalponte 1, Herson S. Lima 2, Stuart Klorfne 3 & Nelton C. da Luz 4 OPEN ACCESS 1 Insttuto para a Conservação dos Carnívoros Neotropicais (PRÓ-CARNÍVOROS), Avenida Horácio Neto, 1030, Parque Edmundo Zanoni, 12945-010, Atbaia, São Paulo, Brasil 2 Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Campus de Nova Xavantna, Av. Expedição Roncador Xingu, Nova Xavantna, Mato Grosso 78690-000, Brasil 3 SQN 215, Bloco B, 505, 70874-020, Brasília DF, Brasil 4 Insttuto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)- Centro Regional da Amazônia, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia do Guamá, Avenida Perimetral, 2651, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brasil 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected]; 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] Abstract: The Hoary Fox Lycalopex vetulus, is a small omnivore-insectvore canid inhabitng open environments/areas of the Brazilian savannah, whose spatal organizaton and territoriality is stll unknown. Space use and social organizaton of two breeding pairs with adjacent home ranges were determined through radio tracking from October 2002 to April 2003 in a mosaic of cultvated pastures and Cerrado vegetaton in eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Home ranges were 140–299 ha in size, with individual areas of the male and female in each breeding pair overlapping extensively. Afer the death of both individuals of one pair, the neighboring pair progressively occupied the vacant space, expanding markedly its range into about half the area originally occupied by the previous pair. Factors driving a pair of Hoary Foxes to expand their territory into a vacant area afer death of the neighboring pair were not clearly determined. Absence of territorial defence, however, could have contributed to the range shif observed. This is the frst tme that the response of neighboring foxes to social disrupton of an adjacent pair has been documented for Hoary Foxes. Keywords: Catle pastures, movement paterns, South American Canidae, territoriality. Portuguese Abstract: Resumo: A raposa-do-campo Lycalopex vetulus, é um pequeno canídeo insetvoro-omnívoro que habita ambientes abertos da savana brasileira, cuja organização espacial e territorialidade ainda é desconhecida. Uso do espaço e organização social de dois casais reprodutvos com áreas domiciliares adjacentes foram determinadas através de rastreamento por rádio telemetria de outubro de 2002 a abril de 2003 em um mosaico de pastagens e vegetação de Cerrado no leste de Mato Grosso, Brasil. As áreas de vida tnham 140–299 ha, com áreas individuais de machos e fêmeas de cada par reprodutvo sobrepondo-se extensivamente. Após a morte de ambos os indivíduos de um dos pares, o par vizinho ocupou progressivamente o espaço vago, expandindo marcadamente sua área em cerca de 50% da área originalmente ocupada pelo par anterior. Fatores que levaram um par de raposas para expandir seu território em uma área vaga após a morte do par vizinho não foram claramente determinadas. Ausência de defesa territorial, no entanto, pode ter contribuído para a mudança de área observada. Esta é a primeira vez que a resposta de raposas vizinhas à ruptura social de um par adjacente foi documentada para a raposa-do-campo. DOI: htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3082.10.6.11703-11709 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D5BA9563-9A43-4D8C-BF60-97B9D05B90D9 Editor: Brian L. Cypher, California State University ,Bakersfeld, USA. Date of publicaton: 26 May 2018 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 3082 | Received 03 October 2016 | Final received 31 October 2017 | Finally accepted 15 April 2018 Citaton: Dalponte, J.C., H.S. Lima, S. Klorfne & N.C. da Luz (2018). Home range and spatal organizaton by the Hoary Fox Lycalopex vetulus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae): response to social disrupton of two neighboring pairs. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(6): 11703–11709; htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3082.10.6.11703-11709 Copyright: © Dalponte et al. 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Funding: The Saint Louis Zoo’s Field Research for Conservaton Program funded this study (FRC #01-15). Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. For Author Details & Author Contributon see end of this artcle. Acknowledgements: We thank E.S. Lima for feld for assistance in the feld, and E.C. Rocha, W. Tomas, M.R. Pitman, and V. Queirogas by early manuscript revisions. 11703 Shif on spatal organizaton of the Hoary Fox Dalponte et al. INTRODUCTION vary in size depending on body size (Gitleman & Harvey 1982), and tend to be larger as animal size increases The Hoary Fox Lycalopex vetulus, is a non- (Ewer 1973). Ranges can also vary according to sex, cooperatve, solitary, small canid (3–4 kg body weight) habitat type distributon and availability (Ross et al. with a distributon restricted to Brazil (Dalponte 2009). 2012), and productvity of the habitats, as well as food It is classifed as a species of Least Concern (Dalponte & dispersion and availability (Macdonald 1983; Sandell Courtenay 2004) for conservaton purposes. In a more 1989). Considering food availability, for example, ranges recent assessment, however, it has been classifed as may be larger where prey density is lower (Zoellick Vulnerable to extncton in Brazil (Lemos et al. 2013). & Smith 1992), and smaller where food resources are The Hoary Fox inhabits open areas of Brazil, clumped (Eide et al. 2004). partcularly the herbaceous and sub-shrubland of the A territory is an area within an animal’s home range Cerrado (Brazilian savannah), transitonal areas, and over which the animal has exclusive or priority use, and catle pastures (Dalponte & Courtenay 2004; Rocha et al. it may comprise the animal’s entre home range (Powell 2008). It is an omnivore-insectvore consumer (Dalponte 2000). Territoriality is an important mechanism by which 1997). Although with no morphological adaptatons that social carnivores limit or exclude potental compettors enable them to gain access to the concealed termite of the same species from access to mates, food, space, galleries of hard exposed above-ground nests, such as and cover (Mech 1970; Gese 1998). those found in true myrmecophagous mammals, it is an Owners of territories usually win territorial disputes actve predator of leaf-feeding termites (Dalponte 1995; against intruders of the same species. Winners in the Dalponte 1997; Juarez & Marinho Filho 2002; Dalponte competton for territories achieve considerable direct 2003; Dalponte & Courtenay 2004; Jácomo et al. 2004; and indirect reproductve benefts (Alcock 2005). A Courtenay et al. 2006; Lemos & Facure 2011). Rich territory should provide all the key resources for an termite patches occur in catle pastures (mainly above- individual or group, allowing self-sufciency within ground concentratons of Syntermes and Cornitermes the smallest possible area (Vaughan 1978). Neighbors species) along with dung beetles, and these resources of the same species represent potental compettors are exploited on a seasonal and opportunistc basis for space, food and partners (Mech 1970; Gese 1998). (Ferreira-Silva & Lima 2006). Territoriality limits the number of animals competng In central Brazil, the Hoary Fox can subsist foraging for food resources, matng opportunites and formaton and breeding in catle pastures year-round (Juarez & of new social groups. Territorial behavior in carnivores Marinho-Filho 2002; Dalponte 2003; Courtenay et al. includes vocalizatons, postures and odoriferous marking 2006). Hoary Fox can reach densites of 1.5 foxes/km² at territory boundaries (Brown & Orians 1970; Kruuk (radio tracking; Courtenay et al. 2006). 1972; Peters & Mech 1975; Harrington & Mech 1978). The Hoary Fox has a monogamous
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Innovative Parental Care in a Myrmecophageous Mammal
    Innovative parental care in a myrmecophageous mammal Le Roux, A.1*, Beishuizen, R. 2, Brekelmans, W. 2, Ganswindt, A. 3,4, Paris, M. 2,5,6, Dalerum, F. 4,7 1 Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa, Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa 2 Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands 3 Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa 4 Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Private Bag x028, University of Pretoria, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa 5 Institute for Breeding Rare and Endangered Mammals, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 6 School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia 7 Centre for Wildlife Management, Hatfield Experimental Farm, Private Bag X028, University of Pretoria, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa * Corresponding author: email: [email protected]; Phone: +27 58 718 5327; Fax: +27 58 718 5034. Abstract Male bat-eared foxes, Otocyon megalotis, are known to contribute extensively to parental care. Yet, the exact roles that males and females play in raising offspring remain relatively unexplored. Here, we describe interactions between adult foxes and their presumed offspring based on a pilot study on 3 family groups of a wild population in South Africa. We report the first recorded instance of dung provisioning 1 observed in canids. A male bat-eared fox provided dung to his offspring during a foraging trip, presumably to give them access to the ensconced insects. Further, this male provisioned the young foxes with large, live insects.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the Abdominal Aorta in the Hoary Fox (Lycalopex Vetulus, Lund, 1842)
    1 Anatomy of the abdominal aorta in the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842) Anatomia da aorta abdominal em raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842) Dara Rúbia Souza SILVA1; Mônica Duarte da SILVA1; Marcos Paulo Batista de ASSUNÇÃO1; Eduardo Paul CHACUR1; Daniela Cristina de Oliveira SILVA2; Roseâmely Angélica de Carvalho BARROS1; Zenon SILVA1 1 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Catalão, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Catalão – GO, Brazil 2 Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Anatomia Humana, Uberlândia – MG, Brazil Abstract The hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842) is the smallest Brazilian canid, whose weight varies between 2 and 4 kg, has a slender body, a small head, and a short and blackened snout. Despite being considered an endemic species, little is known about the hoary fox as it is one of the seven less studied canids in the world. Thus, this study aimed to describe the anatomy of the abdominal aorta artery of the hoary fox and to compare it with the pre-established literature data in domestic canids. For this purpose, we used two adult hoary foxes without definite age. We collected the corpses of these animals along roadsides of Catalão-GO, being later fixed and conserved in a 10% formalin solution. The results showed that the abdominal aorta in hoary fox is at the ventral face of the lumbar region vertebral bodies, being slightly displaced to the left of the median plane. The first branch is visceral, named celiac artery, followed by a paired parietal branch: the phrenic abdominal arteries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Direct Observational Method and Possibilities for Neotropical Carnivores: an Invitation for the Rescue of a Classical Method Spread Over the Primatology
    ZOOLOGIA 26 (4): 587–593, December, 2009 OPINION The direct observational method and possibilities for Neotropical Carnivores: an invitation for the rescue of a classical method spread over the Primatology Primates and carnivores belong to phylogenetically dis- the Palaeotropic and Nearctic regions, and studies using direct tant mammal orders (MURPHY et al. 2001). Overall, carnivores observation in the Neotropical region are very rare, in spite of have developed some very particular and conservative charac- the existing possibilities. Indeed, it is exactly in this region that teristics during the process of evolution, whereas primates have the behavior, socioecology, and certain other aspects of the held to a more plesiomorphic bauplan that emphasizes adapt- biology of carnivores are poorly understood. The aim of the ability over adaptation (SIMPSON 1980). Such differences in the present study is therefore to address this gap in the Neotropics. history of each group have resulted in remarkable anatomical, The advantage of primates and the problem of ecological, and behavioral differences. carnivores in the Neotropics The most commonly studied interactions between pri- It has been possible to study the ecology and behavior of mates and carnivores are between predator and prey (e.g., TREVES primates by following and observing them directly in several 1999, ZUBERBÜHLER & JENNY 2002). While some interactions are locations in South and Central America, because they are con- of a competitive nature (e.g., ROSE et al. 2003, TREVES & PALMQVIST spicuous, and also because of their daily habits and the rela- 2007), mutual interactions are rare (e.g., SCHLEIDT & SHALTER 2003, tive ease with which they become habituated to the observer HAUGAASEN & PERES 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 Annual Report Conservation Science 1 TABLE of CONTENTS
    2012 Annual Report conservation science 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 Introduction 5 BACK FROM THE BRINK Blue Iguanas 8 SCIENCE SAVES SPECIES 10 FIELD CONSERVATION PROJECTS — International 13 RESTORING A FRESHWATER NATIVE Southern Appalachian Brook Trout 15 FIELD CONSERVATION PROJECTS — United States 56 A DISEASE-FREE FUTURE FOR ETHIOPIAN WOLVES A Wolf Vaccine in Sheep’s Clothing 58 JAVAN WARTY PIG Conservation and Recovery Cover Photo: Attwater’s Prairie Chicken © Stephanie Adams, Houston Zoo INTRODUCTION The 2012 Annual Report on Conservation Science Zoos and aquariums accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) serve as conservation centers that are concerned about ecosystem health, take responsibility for species survival, contribute to research, conservation, and education, and provide communities the opportunity to develop personal connections with the animals in their care. Whether breeding and reintroducing endangered species; rescuing, rehabilitating, and releasing sick and injured animals; maintaining far-reaching educational and outreach programs; or supporting and conducting in-situ and ex-situ research and field conservation projects, accredited zoos and aquariums play a vital role in maintaining our planet’s diverse wildlife and natural habitats while engaging the public to appreciate and participate in conservation. The 2012 Annual Report on Conservation Science (ARCS) focuses exclusively on those conservation projects that have a direct impact on animals in the wild. The report is based on survey data submitted by 179 of AZA’s 223 accredited zoos and aquariums and 15 certified- related facilities. Each of the more than 2,700 project submissions listed in this report were reviewed by at least one member of AZA’s Field Conservation Committee (FCC) to ensure that the project met the criteria of having a direct impact on animals in the wild.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Parasites of Domestic and Wild Canids in the Region of Serra Do Cipó National Park, Brazil
    Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ISSN: 0103-846X [email protected] Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária Brasil Costa Santos, Juliana Lúcia; Borges Magalhães, Noele; Andrade dos Santos, Hudson; Rio Ribeiro, Raul; Pezzi Guimarães, Marcos Parasites of domestic and wild canids in the region of Serra do Cipó National Park, Brazil Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, vol. 21, núm. 3, julio-septiembre, 2012, pp. 270-277 Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária Jaboticabal, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=397841485015 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Full Article Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet., Jaboticabal, v. 21, n. 3, p. 270-277, jul.-set. 2012 ISSN 0103-846X (impresso) / ISSN 1984-2961 (eletrônico) Parasites of domestic and wild canids in the region of Serra do Cipó National Park, Brazil Parasitos de canídeos domésticos e silvestres na região do Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó – Brasil Juliana Lúcia Costa Santos1,2*; Noele Borges Magalhães1; Hudson Andrade dos Santos1,3; Raul Rio Ribeiro4,5; Marcos Pezzi Guimarães1 1Laboratório de Helmintologia Veterinária, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil 2Superintendencia de Pesquisa,
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Human Threats to Three Canid Species of the Brazilian Cerrado
    EVALUATING HUMAN THREATS TO THREE CANID SPECIES OF THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO by Stacie M. Bickley A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Science and Public Policy Committee: ____________________________________________ Dr. Elizabeth Freeman, Dissertation Director ____________________________________________ Dr. Nucharin Songsasen, Committee Member ____________________________________________ Dr. Larry Rockwood, Committee Member ____________________________________________ Dr. Michael Gilmore, Committee Member ____________________________________________ Dr. Albert Torzilli, Graduate Program Director ____________________________________________ Dr. A. Alonso Aguirre, Department Chairperson _____________________________________ Dr. Donna Fox, Associate Dean, Student Affairs & Special Programs, College of Science ____________________________________________ Dr. Peggy Agouris, Dean, College of Science Date: __________________________________ Fall Semester 2016 George Mason University Fairfax, A EVALUATING HUMAN THREATS TO THREE CANID SPECIES OF THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University by Stacie M. Bickley Master of Science Georgia Southern University, 2008 Bachelor of Arts Luther College, 2005 Director: Elizabeth Freeman, Associate Professor School of Integrative Studies Fall Semester 2016 George Mason University Fairfax, VA COPYRIGHT 2016 STACIE M. BICKLEY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my Love, Ben Bickley. Ben, you have been by my side during this entire crazy journey. Every night while in the field, you patiently waited for my texts knowing I had to find the correct log to stand on in order to acquire a cellular signal. You fixed my car from 6,460 miles away and accompanied me into the field at 3:00 am to collect poop.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Presence of Wild Animals
    Report of the Presence of Wild Animals The information recorded here is essential to emergency services personnel so that they may protect themselves and your neighbors, provide for the safety of your animals, ensure the maximum protection and preservation of your property, and provide you with emergency services without unnecessary delay. Every person in New York State, who owns, possesses, or harbors a wild animal, as set forth in General Municipal Law §209-cc, must file this Report annually, on or before April 1, of each year, with the clerk of the city, village or town (if outside a village) where the animal is kept. A list of the common names of animals to be reported is enclosed with this form. Failure to file as required will subject you to penalties under law. A separate Report is required to be filed annually for each address where a wild animal is harbored. Exemptions: Pet dealers, as defined in section 752-a of the General Business Law, zoological facilities and other exhibitors licensed pursuant to U.S. Code Title 7 Chapter 54 Sections 2132, 2133 and 2134, and licensed veterinarians in temporary possession of dangerous dogs, are not required to file this report. Instructions for completing this form: 1. Please print or type all information, using blue or black ink. 2. Fill in the information requested on this page. 3. On the continuation sheets, fill in the information requested for each type of animal that you possess. 4. Return the completed forms to the city, town, or village clerk of each municipality where the animal or animals are owned, possessed or harbored.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoary and Crab-Eating Foxes in Brazil
    Lemos et al. Hoary and crab-eating foxes in Brazil Canid News Copyright © 2011 by the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. ISSN 1478-2677 The following is the established format for referencing this article: Lemos, F. G., Azevedo, F. C., Costa, H. C. M. and May Jr, J. A. 2011. Human threats to hoary and crab-eating foxes in central Brazil. Canid News 14.2 [online] URL: http://www.canids.org/canidnews/13/ Hoary_and_crab-eating_foxes_in_Brazil.pdf. Field Report Human threats to hoary and crab-eating foxes in central Brazil Frederico G. Lemos 1, 2 * , Fernanda C. Azevedo 2, Hugo C. M. Costa 3 and Joares A. 2, 4 May Junior 1 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP:75704-020, Campus Catalão, Catalão, Goiás, Brazil. Email: [email protected] 2 Programa de Conservação Mamíferos do Cerrado - Rua Vereador Nicomedes Nunes número 135 / casa 09, CEP: 38446-000, Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: [email protected] 3. Rua Acre número 1861, CEP: 38402-022, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: [email protected] 4 Programa de Pós-graduação do Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. * Correspondence author Keywords : carnivore conservation, Cerdocyon thous , cerrado , human-wildlife conflict, Lycalopex vetulus . Abstract Introduction We report threats to hoary Lycalopex vetulus The hoary fox Lycalopex vetulus is a small can- and crab-eating foxes Cerdocyon thous at cattle id, endemic of cerrado vegetation in Brazil farms in the southeast of Goiás State, Brazil, (Dalponte, 1995; Eisenberg and Redford, 1999), and on a federal road at Minas Gerais state, and considered by IUCN/Canid Specialist including the possible first documented crab- Group one of the seven less studied canids of eating fox intentionally poisoned in Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Selected Features of the Family Canidae with Reference to Its Fundamental Taxonomic Status Barnabas Pendragon
    Papers A review of selected features of the family Canidae with reference to its fundamental taxonomic status Barnabas Pendragon Dogs comprise 35 extant species in 14 genera. They belong to the order Carnivora, which has common morphological and karyotypic features. Within the order, member species can be grouped based on heterologous DNA melting temperatures. The family Canidae forms such a group. Selected features of the Canidae are reviewed here in order to examine the fundamental taxonomic status of this family. Hybrid relationships demonstrate that the family Canidae is a single, reproductively compatible group having the taxonomic status of basic type. As opposed to the various species in the family whose formation was accompanied by genetic change, establishment of the domestic dog was accompanied by almost no genetic change; genetically all domestic dogs are grey wolves. The remarkable variation observed among the various breeds of domestic dog reflects the potential for morphological change hard-wired into the canid genome. The basic type appears to be divided into two subfamilies in the Cenozoic strata; the extant Caninae and the extinct Borophaginae. The ‘oldest’ known canid species is Prohesperocyon, which is found in upper Eocene fossil deposits. Q*HRUJH9HVWD0LVVRXULODZ\HUJDYHXVWKHDGDJH for slicing muscle tissue. However, in the omnivorous I“A dog is a man’s best friend”. More so than any other carnivores such as the bears, true carnassial teeth do not animal, dogs represent friendship and companionship. develop. Nevertheless, dogs, the Canidae, are beasts of prey Interestingly, the carnivore order has a largely belonging to the order Carnivora. They have long slender conservative Karyotype.
    [Show full text]
  • Complex Traits: Dogs — a Model for Modern Genetics
    GGGGGGGGAAAA TTTTTTGGGGGG GGGTGTTTTTTT TTCTCTCTCCCC AAAAAAAACCCC GGGGGGGGGGGG CCCTCTCCTTTT Complex Traits DogsUsing — Dogs A Model as a Model for for Modern Modern GeneticsGenetics Nancy P. Moreno, Ph.D. CCTCCCCCCCCC GGGGGTGGGTGG AAAAAGAAAGAA CCCCCTCCCTCC GGGGGGGTGGGG TTTTCTTTCTTT AAAAATAAATAA AAAAGAGAGAAA TTTTGTTTGTTT CCCTCTCTCTCC © Baylor College of Medicine CTCTCTTTTTTT GAGAGAGAGGGG GAGAGAGAGGGG SOURCES We are grateful to the following individuals and institutions for generously providing us with permission to use their images and source materials in this publication. Pages 1–3: California Department of Fish and Wildlife. © 2017 by Baylor College of Medicine. All rights reserved. Distinguishing between Coyotes, Wolves and Dogs. Printed in the United States of America. Track patterns by Karen Converse. https://www. ISBN: 978-1-944035-08-2 wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Mammals/Gray-Wolf/ Identification Page 4: Wayne, R., and Ostrander, E. Lessons learned from the dog genome. TRENDS in Genetics. 23 (2007): 557-567. Licensed for use March 2, 2016: Elsevier and Copyright Clearance Center: License Number Teacher Resources from the Center for Educational Outreach at Baylor College of Medicine. 3820930088090. http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S0168952507003058# The mark “BioEd” is a service mark of Baylor College of Medicine. Page 5: African wild dog © Michael Gäbler, Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA 3.0. Dog (boxer) © Artman1, Development of Complex Traits educational materials was supported, in part, by a grant from licensed for use. Gray wolf © MacNeil Lyons, courtesy the Science Education Partnership Award Program Office of the Director, National Institutes of of the U.S. National Park Service. Arctic fox © Jason Health grant 5R25OD011134 (Principal Investigator, Nancy Moreno, Ph.D.). Activities described in Burrows; Bat-eared fox © Mike Cilliers; Black-backed this book are intended for middle school students under direct supervision of adults.
    [Show full text]
  • Global ICAP Workshop for Canids and Hyaenids Final Report.Pdf
    Global Integrated Collection Assessment and Planning Workshop for Canids and Hyaenids Omaha, NE, US, 19 – 20 March 2016 Final Report Workshop organized by: AZA Canid and Hyaenid Taxon Advisory Group; EAZA Canid and Hyaenid Taxon Advisory Group; ZAA Carnivore Taxon Advisory Group; IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Group; IUCN SSC Hyaenid Specialist Group; and the IUCN SSC Conservation Planning Specialist Group (CPSG). Workshop financial support provided by: Saint Louis Zoo and a private donation Photo credits (front cover, left to right): Row 1: African wild dog (Yorkshire Wildlife Park); Swift fox (M. Sovada); Darwin fox education (M. Zordan); Fennec fox research (Fitbit; R. Meibaum); Row 2: Culpeo fox (Zoologico Nacional – Parque Metropolitano de Santiago, Chile); spotted hyena (Colchester Zoo); bush dog (M. Jacob); maned wolf (Temaiken Foundation); Row 3: Dhole (B. Gupta); Mexican wolf (J. Fallon); striped hyena (T. Rehse); black‐backed jackal (Amersfoort Zoo) A contribution of the IUCN SSC Conservation Planning Specialist Group IUCN encourages meetings, workshops and other fora for the consideration and analysis of issues related to conservation, and believes that reports of these meetings are most useful when broadly disseminated. The opinions and views expressed by the authors may not necessarily reflect the formal policies of IUCN, its Commissions, its Secretariat or its members. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © Copyright CPSG 2018 Traylor‐Holzer, K., K.
    [Show full text]
  • Canids of the World Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes
    INTRODUCTION © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. RECOGNITION The Canid family is a lineage of terrestrial carnivorans, adapted for swift running, which includes Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, Foxes, Dogs, Dingoes, Dholes and other Dog-like mammals, with a total of 13 genera and at least 37 extant species. They are mostly social animals, living together in family units or small groups and behaving cooperatively. Most are seasonal breeders producing a single litter each year. They exhibit many reproductive and behavioral traits uncommon in other mammals, such as monogamy with paternal care, long-term incorporation of young adults into the social group, alloparenting, inhibition of reproduction in subordinate individuals, monoestrus, and a copulatory tie. They inhabit temperate and tropical forests, savanna, tundra and deserts throughout the world, with the exception of some oceanic islands and Antarctica. Most Canids feed on mammalian prey, but vegetable matter, carrion, and invertebrates are also an important source of food in many species. Size and body shape (fig. 1): Canids vary widely in size, from the Gray Wolf, which may be up to 160 cm long, and can weigh up to 80 kg, to the diminutive Fennec Fox, which may be as little as 24 cm in length, and weighs less than 1 kg. Most Fox species weigh 1.5 to 9.0 kg, while most other species are 5 to 27 kg. Body lengths (without tail) range between 35 and 160 cm, and tail lengths are approximately 12 to 56 cm.
    [Show full text]