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Home , Ammonia solution, Vapor pressure

CREATIVE TODAY

Ammonia NH4OH CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TODAY Southern Ionics Incorporated (SII) was founded in 1980 and is a privately owned organization. Our corporate headquarters and research facilities are located in West Point and Columbus Mississippi respectively. We also possess manufacturing facilities throughout the Gulf Coast, Southeast, and Mid Atlantic, including CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TODAY four Aqua supply points in Augusta, Georgia, Baton Rouge and Lake Charles, Louisiana, and Pasadena, Texas. Southern Ionics offers its customers the advantages of multiple manufacturing locations combined with economical logistics and technical service. SII manufactures and markets the following products: CUSTOMER FOCUS

AQUA-CAT® AQUA AMMONIA Southern Ionics is committed to building a team of motivated individuals who can advance the technology of our business, manufacture quality products, and provide our customers ALUMINUM CHLORIDE, POLYALUMINUM with the service and know-how to maximize the value of our products. For our customers, CHLORIDE, ALUMINUM CHLOROHYDRATE Southern Ionics provides comprehensive technical service and applications assistance for all ALUMINUM , LOW products through our engineering, technical sales, and R&D personnel. Southern Ionics’ IRON AND COMMERCIAL GRADE quality management system is certified to ISO 9001 Standards. Potable treatment products are NSF certified for use. Many of our products meet the FDA GRAS (Generally ACID ALUM AQUEOUS SOLUTION Recognized as Safe) requirements. Our Vision is to build a company that excels in safety, IRON FREE ACTIVATED ALUM reliability, quality, and service. We strive to be a company our customers and employees trust, have confidence in, and can depend upon recognizing that excellence is a way of life CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTION built on every action we take. CEMENT MANUFACTURING ADDITIVES CUSTOMER SERVICE SODIUM ALUMINATE Safely exceeding customer expectations is our number one priority. SII has a centrally located SODIUM BISULFITE Customer Service Department with toll free telephone (800 953-3585) and facsimile (800 SODIUM SULFITE 953-3588) numbers for customer convenience while ordering during business hours. We also have a toll free number for after hours and emergencies. The after-hours operator is equipped SODIUM THIOSULFATE with pertinent information to handle any customer request. This allows for 24 hour, 7 days a SODA ASH SOLUTION week, 365 days a year service to handle customer needs.

MAGNESIUM SULFATE Inventory management is also available. SII personnel can monitor customer tank levels and usage rates by phone or automated phone and internet systems. SII then schedules VARIOUS ZIRCONIC® COMPOUNDS delivery based on the customer’s inventory targets and usage rates.

PRODUCT INFORMATION Southern Ionics’ AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia is manufactured in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Distribution is also available from SII’s locations in Augusta, Georgia; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Lake Charles, Louisiana; and Pasadena, Texas. AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia is also known as ammonia solution. Southern Ionics manufactures our AQUA-CAT® from purified anhydrous ammonia, and de-mineralized water. It is a colorless liquid with a strong odor. Concentrations up to a nominal 29% solution are available. The main uses forAQUA-CAT ® ammonia solution are: 1. SCR and SNCR for removal of nitrous oxides in stack emissions 2. Catalyst Manufacture 3. Pharmaceuticals 4. Specialty chemical manufacturing 5. Water treatment 6. Fiber manufacturing MANUFACTURING PROCESS AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia is manufactured from de-mineralized (de-ionized) water and high purity anhydrous ammonia. The manufacturing method consists of the rapid dissolution of anhydrous ammonia into de-mineralized water. The use of ammonia vapor produces a superior quality Aqua Ammonia solution to that produced from liquid anhydrous ammonia. The different strengths of AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia are typically made in a step-wise process with successive additions of anhydrous ammonia. This is done to increase the concentration of the ammonia in the liquid and, at the same time, allows the removal of the excess heat of reaction.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS Houston Ammonia Terminal (HAT) & Donaldsonville, Louisiana

Primary Clarification via R/O or Clarifier, Vapor De-mineralized Cationic, Anionic, Mixed Anhydrous Packed Water Bed Demineralization Ammonia Bed and Polishing Absorber Truck AQUA-CAT® Rail

MANUFACTURING PROCESS Lake Charles, Louisiana SOUTHERN IONICS:

Truck Anhydrous Convertor AQUA-CAT® Ammonia Ammonium Hydroxide Rail AMMONIA HANDBOOK

Reverse Osmosis and Cationic, Anionic, Mixed Demineralization De-mineralized and Polishing Water

4 CONDITIONS TO AVOID STABILITY REACTIVITY DATA UNUSUAL FIRE&EXPLOSIVEHAZARDS SPECIAL FIREFIGHTINGPROCEDURES EXTINGUISHING MEDIA AUTO IGNITIONTEMPERATURE LIMITING OXYGENCONCENTRATION UPPER EXPLOSIVELIMIT LOWER EXPLOSIVELIMIT FLASH POINT FIRE PROTECTION • • INHALATION • SKIN • EYES FIRST AID AQUA-CAT THE MSDSMUSTBEREAD,UNDERSTOOD ANDFOLLOWED BEFOREHANDLING concentrations below theexposure standards. Ingestion ofAQUA-CAT should beworn.Respirators shouldbewornunlesstheventilation isadequateenoughtokeepairborne gloves, boots,rubber aprons,rubber andfaceshields, rubber personal protective equipment, including safety goggles, be handledinopenorwell-ventilated areas. Appropriate avoid irritation, AQUA-CAT eyes, skin, or mucousmembranescancauseirritation. To AQUA-CAT PERSONAL SAFETY vapor proof orgrounded. Sources ofignitionshouldbeavoided. gaspadspotentiallymaycontainexplosive vaporstorage tanksthatdonotuseinert mixtures. of replacing airandby andpressure higherthanatmospheric.Aqua Ammonia increase thefire hazard. Theexplosive (flammable)rangeofammoniais broadened byamixture and fullprotective clothing.Approach fire upwind andevacuate area downwind ifneeded. containers coolandtoprotect personnelaffectingtheshutoff. Wearself-contained breathing apparatus extinguishers shouldbeusedonsmallfires only. systems are recommended. Please seethedataprovided sectionofthishandbook. inthephysicalproperties ofesophagusorstomach.Obtainammonia. Delay medicalattention. maycauseperforation and, ifpossible,dilutedvinegar, lemonjuice,orangeorothercitricjuicestoneutralize the INGESTION – artificial respiration. stopped, start Obtain medicalattention. to area. Obtain medicalattention. Remove contaminatedclothingwhilecontinuingtoapplywater. Do notapplysalves orointments Obtain medical attention. –Apply waterimmediatelytoexposedareas ofskinandcontinueforatleast15minutes. –Immediately flushwithflowing waterforatleast15minuteswith eyelids heldapart. –Stable attemperatures below boilingpoint. ® ® AQUA AMMONIA. aqua ammonia (Ammonium Hydroxide) solution is a hazardous material. Contact with –N/A –Remove victim tofresh air. Give oxygen ifbreathing isdifficult. If breathing has DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING –Heat, open flames,andelectricalequipment andfixtures which are not – Water sprayorfogtypestreams. ChemicalextinguishersorCO –28%ofAmmoniaGas inAirby volume –15%ofAmmoniaGas inAirby volume ® aqua ammonia should aquaammoniashould -850 – 15% O º C, 1560 – Stop theflow ofliquid. – Use watertokeepfire-exposed –Thepresence ofoilorothercombustible materialswill 2 . If person is conscious, give large quantities of water is the minimum to support combustion. Inert gas pad combustion. Inert gaspad is theminimum to support º F SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL ®ULATORY ® aqua ammonia can be fatal. aquaammoniacanbefatal. 2 5

SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK INCOMPATIBILITY – Strong acids, most common metals, strong oxidizing agents, mercury, chlorine, bromine, iodine, calcium, silver oxide, hypochlorite, bronze, brass, , and aluminum. HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS – Ammonia is chemically reactive, easily undergoing oxidation, substitution, and additional reactions. Combustion of ammonia will yield small amounts of and water. HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION – Will not occur.

SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE AND TOXICITY SIGNS & SYMPTOMS – Burning of the eyes, conjunctivitis, skin irritation, swelling of the eyelids and lips, dry mouth and tongue, burning of the throat, and coughing. In more severe cases of exposure, difficulty breathing, signs and symptoms of lung congestions, and, ultimately, death from respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema may occur. EFFECTS – Irritation and possible burns of the skin and mucous membranes. Headache, salivation, nausea, and vomiting. Difficult or labored breathing and cough with bloody mucous discharge. Bronchitis, laryngitis, hemotysis, and pulmonary edema or pneumonities. Ulceration of the conjunctiva and cornea, and corneal and lenticular opacities. Damage to the eyes may be permanent. TOXICITY – Acute oral toxicity LD50 for rat is 350mg/kg ammonia. IDLH* Value is 300ppm. *Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health

REGULATORY REGULATIONS – Please consult the proper regulatory authorities to determine the appropriate regulations that may apply. Suggested agencies to contact include, but are not limited to, OSHA, EPA, and local and state authorities. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANS – Concentrations of AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia of 20% or greater may be subject to EPA’s Risk Management Plans based upon the quantity maintained onsite. SPILL/EMERGENCY RESPONSE – HAZWOPER trained personnel should respond to AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia spills. Appropriate spill/emergency response plans should be used. These plans should be updated on a regular basis based on process and regulatory changes. SOUTHERN IONICS:

TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS DOT Proper Shipping Name: Ammonia Solution or Ammonium Hydroxide, with more than 10% but not more than 35% as ammonia. DOT Classification: 8

AMMONIA HANDBOOK UN/NA Identification Number: UN 2672 Packing Group: III Other Labels: Corrosive DISPOSAL REQUIREMENTS Consult the proper federal, state, or local authorities for the proper disposal procedures. Reportable Quantities - 1000 lbs.

6 PLASTICS Vinyls LININGS Neoprene EPDM ELASTOMERS METALS Swagelok orParker. less than1inch,canbemadewithstainlesssteeltubingandcompression fittingssuchas size because of the difficulty in obtaining vapor tight connections. Small process connections, using appropriate methods.Threaded pipingisdiscouraged,especiallyinthelarger, 2-inch for tankfillingand vapor return lines. Piping assembliesshouldbe welded construction Southern Ionics recommends goodquality, seamless,low carbon,stainlesssteelpipebeused PROCESS PIPING&FITTINGS isnotanissuesuchaswithcarbonsteelstoragevessels. preservation surface if alow iron contentquality is tobemaintained.Interior passivation andexterior surface Southern Ionics recommends thatstainlesssteel beusedforproduct storagevessels, especially STORAGE TANKS AQUA-CAT the CAT check valves, gaugecocks, gauges,etc.AQUA- as pipeunionseats,relief valves, pumppackingglands, material canbepresent infittingssuch unobtrusively with copperalloys includingbrassandbronze. This is that AQUA-CAT facttokeepinmind,whenspecifyingmaterialsofconstruction, The singlemostimportant GENERAL ® aqua ammonia is incompatible with zinc contact such as galvanized steel fittings. See Epoxies

® Aqua Ammonia Materials Guide below forspecific recommendations. ® aqua ammonia is incompatible aqua ammonia is incompatible AQUA AMMONIAMATERIALS GUIDE Butyl PVDF, PPS,TFE PFA, PET, PE,PP, PVC Hypalon 20 Cb3 Zirconium Titanium Aluminum Cast Iron,HighSilicon Steel Stainless Steelsuchas304,316 Hastelloys USE CPVC, E-CTFE,FEP, Nylon MATERIALS OFCONSTRUCTION Silicates Natural Rubber Acetal Saran Polysulfides Hard Rubber Monel Aluminum Bronz Silver Cadmium Zinc Bronze Brasses, All Copper DO NOTUSE Isophtalic Polyster 7

SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION Southern Ionics’ AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia stainless-steel tank trailers are specially equipped to ensure safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly deliveries. Southern Ionics uses the pump ® AQUA-CAT AQUA AMMONIA DELIVERY delivery off-loading method, shown in the drawing, “SII AQUA-CAT® Aqua Ammonia Delivery Connection.” • The tank trailers have a stainless steel sliding vane type pump which functions as both unloading pump and vapor compressor to clear the unloading line. This operation is described in Procedure.

• The tank trailer is equipped with a vapor return valve, which operates in concert with the internal product valve on the trailer. displaced from the customer’s storage tanks are routed back into Southern Ionics’ tank trailer.

• With the tank trailer are dry-disconnect style product and vapor return hoses. These hoses eliminate product spillage and vapor leakage when hoses are disconnected after a load is delivered. PROCEDURE A trained Southern Ionics’ driver, after checking in with the customer and verifying that the storage tank will hold a product load, puts on personal protection equipment and prepares his equipment for product offloading. Hoses with dry disconnects are used to make the product connection and the vapor recovery connection.

The appropriate storage tank valves are opened. The external trailer valve is opened last. The driver then engages the tractor powered pump drive and delivers product to the storage tank. As product fills the storage tank, air and vapors in the tank are displaced. The interconnecting vapor line between the SII tank trailer and storage tank allows displaced vapors to flow back to the truck trailer. The Southern Ionics’ driver carefully oversees the

AQUA-CAT® AQUA AMMONIA DELIVERY CONNECTION SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK

A DOT Pressure Relief Valve H Grounded B Vapor Recovery Valve I Positive Displacement Pump with 180gpm@75psig max C DOT Relief Valve J 2” Chemical Hose with Standard 2” Cam & Groove Fittings D 2” Cam & Groove Male K Pressure/Vacuum Relief Valve E 2” Cam & Groove Male with Shut-off Valve L Flow/Pressure Controller F 2” Cam & Groove Female with Shut-off Valve M Nitrogen Source G 2” Cam & Groove Female

8 These tanks,builttotheAMSE Pressure Vessel Code,are rated for25psigservice. AQUA-CAT PRESSURE STORAGE provisions shouldbemade. ammonia vapor. Aweak ammoniawatersolutionisgeneratedinthescrubber, anddisposal valve using water may shouldbecontained,a vaporemployed scrubber to re-absorb the offloading. Iflocalconditionsduring truck require that releases from the pressure relief ammonia vapors inthetankandenablesvapor return hook-uptooperateproperly relief/vacuum relief vent valve onthetankisrecommended. Thisspecial valve helpskeep type storagetanksare builttotheAPI 650standard. Installation ofacombinationpressure storage becauseofitsrelatively low vapor pressure ofaround 7psiaat80ºF. Typically, these AQUA-CAT 19% ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE pressure dataare provided sectionofthismanual. inthephysicalproperties collapse thetankwhenvapors are rapidlyabsorbedintothewater. Additional vapor ammonia storagetanks. Water flushingan “empty” tankcontainingammonia vapor can processes, and lines. Special notes apply to all types of AQUA-CAT cautionary should belocatedawayfrom sources of heat suchasdirect sunlight,elevated temperature “29% AQUA-CAT AQUA-CAT Schematics ofthesethree methodsare provided inthismanual,“19% • Pressure Storage • Storage There are twowaystosafelystore STORAGE METHODS maintained toanabsoluteminimum. disconnectfeature,are product disconnected.Because losstotheenvironment ofthedry is The pumpisthenshutdown, thestorage valves closed,andtheproduct and vapor hoses the trailerandblows theproduct unloadinghoseclear. momentslonger.for afew Thepump, now functioningasacompressor, takes vapors from appears thatthepumphasemptiedtanktrailer, thedriver willallow thepumptorun entire operationtoensure thatequipmentandconnectionsfunctionproperly. When it ® ® 29%Aqua Ammoniaisbeststored inapressure vessel typestoragetank. Aqua AmmoniaAtmospheric Pressure Storage,” and ® ® Aqua Ammoniaisideallysuitedforatmospheric(Non Pressure Rated) Aqua Ammonia Pressure Storage.” Whatever method,thestoragetank AQUA-CAT ® Aqua Ammonia: AQUA-CAT ® aqua aqua ® AQUAAMMONIASTORAGE 9

SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK ® SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK

10 ® 11

SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS

VAPOR SCRUBBERS STORAGE TANK Integrated Flow Solutions, LLC Branch Environmental DESIGN STANDARDS 9807 Whithorn Dr. P.O. Box 5265 American Petroleum Institute Houston, TX 77095 Somerville, NJ 08876 1220 L. Street, Northwest 281-858-2390 908-526-1114 Washington, DC 20005 www.ifsolutions.com www.branchenv.com 202-682-8000 www.api.org Savannah Tank & Mfg. , Inc. Severn Trent Services 1517 Telfair Rd. 3000 Advance Lane API 650 – Welded Steel Tanks Garden City, GA 31415 Colmar, PA 18915 for Oil Storage 912-233-8902 215-997-4000 www.savannahtank.com www.severntrentservices.com API 653 – Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Gulf Coast Alloy Welding Duall Division Reconstruction P.O. Box 1327 Met-Pro, EAS Corp Humble, TX 77338 1550 Industrial Drive API 2000 – Venting 281-821-0543 Owosso, MI 48867 Atmospheric and Low-Pressure www.gcaw.com 989-725-8184 Storage Tanks www.mpeas.com LOW NPSH Bionomic Industries Inc. American Society of 777 Corporate Drive Mechanical Engineers REQUIREMENT PUMPS Mahwah, NJ 07430 3 Park Avenue Roth Pump Company 201-529-1094 New York, NY 10016 P.O. Box 4330 www.bionomicind.com 800-843-2763 Rock Island, IL 61204 www.asme.org 888-444-7684 (ROTH) Pollution Systems www.rothpump.com 2170 Buckthorne Place Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Suite 160 Pressure Vessels, Section VIII Goulds Pumps The Woodlands, TX 77380 240 Fall Street 713-574-6661 Seneca Falls, NY 13148 www.pollutionsystems.com STORAGE TANKS 800-734-7867 (PUMP) AND AQUA AMMONIA www.gouldspumps.com SYSTEMS COMPRESSION Flowserve Corporation

SOUTHERN IONICS: FITTINGS Reco USA Pump Division P.O. Box 4147 3900 Cook Boulevard Swagelok West Columbia, SC 29171 Chesapeake, VA 23323 29500 Solon Road 803-794-3360 757-485-8000 Solon, OH 44139 www.recousatanks.com www.flowserve.com www.swagelok.com Paul Mueller Company Blackmer Pumps Tube Fittings Division P.O. Box 828 1809 Century Avenue S.W. AMMONIA HANDBOOK 3885 Gateway Blvd. Springfield, MO 65801 Grand Rapids, MI 49503 Columbus, OH 43228 800-683-5537 616-241-1611 www.parker.com www.muel.com www.blackmer.com

12 www.cashco.com 785-472-4461 Ellsworth, KS67439 P.O. Box 6 607 W 15thSt. Cashco Inc. www.oceco.com 800-844-3543 Tiffin, OH44883 1616 South CountyRd1 P.O. Box 159 OCECO www.ljtechnologies.com 708-236-6000 Hillside, IL60162 5911 Butterfield Road (Shand &Jurs) L&J Technologie www.grothcorp.com 800-552-2960 77477 Stafford,TX 13650 North Promenade Blvd Groth Corporation www.protectoseal.com 630-595-0800 Bensenville, IL60106 225 West Foster Avenue The Protectoseal Company VENT/BREATHER CONSERVATION STORAGE TANK s

www.mt.com 800-352-8763 Bedford, MA 01730 Middlesex Turnpike36 METTLER-TOLEDO www.us.yokogawa.com 800-258-2552 Newnan, GA30265 Road2 Dart YOKOGAWA www.gesensing.com 978-437-1000 Billerica, MA01821 1100 Technology Park Drive GE-SENSING OXYGEN ANALYZERS www.ernstflow.com 800-992-2843 Farmingdale, NJ07727 116 Main Street P.O. Box 925 Ernst Flow Ind www.jogler.com 800-223-8469 77064 Houston, TX 9715 Derrington Jogler www.ktekcorp.com 225-673-6100 Prairieville, 70769 LA 18321 Swamp Road K-Tek www.isemagtech.com 281-488-0788 77584 Pearland, TX 3902 Magnolia Street ISE –Magtech MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT TANK LEVEL Honeywell Instrumentation Honeywell International www2.emersonprocess.com 800-999-9307 Chanhassen, MN55317 8200 Market Blvd. Rosemount Inc. Emerson Process Management www.abb.com 800-435-7365 ABB (Fisher &Porter) PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT TANK LEVEL www.vega-americas.com 800-367-5385 Cincinnati, OH45209 4170 Rosslyn Drive Vega Americas www.honeywell.com 800-822-7673 13

SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK

VAPOR PRESSURE OF AQUA-CATTM® AQUA-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS

19% 29% deg F psia mm Hg psig psia mm Hg psig 32 1.6 83 4.4 228 40 2.0 103 5.5 285 50 2.6 135 7.2 372 60 3.5 181 9.1 471 70 4.6 238 11.7 605 80 6.0 310 14.6 755 ~0 90 7.4 383 18.2 3.5 100 9.3 481 22.8 8.1 110 11.6 600 27.8 13.1 120 14.4 745 ~0 130 21.4 6.7

Partial Vapor Pressure Of Ammonia Over AQUA-CAT TM® Aqua Ammonia (Pressure indicated in psia)

Weight % C oncentration Of A mmonia In Aqua mmonia Temp ºF 4.74 9.50 14.29 19.10 23.94 28.81 33.71 38.64 43.59 48.57 53.58 58.62 63.69 68.79 73.91 79.07 84.26 89.47 94.72 32 0.26 0.52 0.90 1.51 2.67 4.27 6.54 8.93 14.13 19.36 25.12 31.13 36.74 42.69 45.92 49.26 52.13 54.89 58.01 40 0.33 0.66 1.14 1.92 3.16 5.13 7.98 11.98 17.14 23.33 30.15 37.15 43.69 49.56 54.40 58.31 61.62 64.77 68.31 50 0.47 0.89 1.50 2.53 4.16 6.63 10.24 15.24 21.56 29.17 37.46 45.86 53.79 60.82 66.63 71.26 75.22 79.05 83.40 60 0.62 1.19 2.00 3.21 5.36 8.48 13.06 19.15 26.92 36.14 46.12 56.22 65.81 73.99 80.90 86.44 91.04 95.67 100.65 70 0.83 1.52 2.60 4.28 6.87 10.76 16.33 23.84 33.20 44.25 56.29 68.32 79.42 89.26 97.42 104.01 109.55 114.83 120.61

80 1.04 1.98 3.34 5.45 8.69 13.52 20.29 29.40 40.69 53.84 67.97 82.36 95.52 107.06 116.42 124.20 130.57 136.35 143.70 90 1.36 2.52 4.25 6.88 10.89 16.76 25.04 35.94 49.45 64.99 81.61 98.35 113.79 127.22 138.18 147.02 154.46 161.74 169.73 100 1.72 3.20 5.34 8.60 13.53 20.68 30.57 43.57 59.49 77.85 97.27 116.81 134.70 150.23 162.94 173.22 181.97 190.13 199.17 110 2.14 4.00 6.65 10.64 16.65 25.21 37.01 52.43 71.20 92.59 115.16 137.62 158.42 176.18 190.85 203.02 212.71 222.22 232.79 120 2.67 4.95 8.21 13.09 20.30 30.54 44.56 62.62 84.44 109.40 135.48 161.44 185.14 205.81 222.28 236.05 247.14 258.24 270.02

130 3.28 6.09 10.05 15.93 24.58 36.74 53.16 74.27 99.69 128.45 158.45 188.16 215.14 238.70 257.87 272.88 286.08 298.46 311.80 140 3.97 7.41 12.21 19.23 29.43 43.77 62.97 87.53 116.72 149.93 184.17 218.18 248.70 275.33 297.12 314.45 328.99 342.93 358.46 150 4.78 8.92 14.70 23.09 35.09 51.91 74.28 102.51 136.15 173.64 212.91 251.24 286.00 316.24 340.82 360.39 376.57 392.45 409.62 160 5.68 10.70 17.57 27.45 41.56 61.03 86.91 119.37 157.71 200.45 244.98 288.38 327.82 361.75 389.08 411.30 429.73 447.35 466.38 170 6.75 12.67 20.85 32.41 48.89 71.48 101.09 138.30 181.95 230.36 280.54 329.42 373.61 411.59 442.28 466.67 487.85 507.63 528.50

180 7.90 14.96 24.56 38.13 57.19 83.07 116.97 159.37 208.66 263.43 319.89 374.25 424.10 466.26 500.63 528.08 551.24 190 9.23 17.55 28.78 44.49 66.49 96.22 134.89 182.72 238.39 299.86 363.11 424.15 479.40 526.15

SOUTHERN IONICS: 200 10.70 20.45 33.49 51.58 76.90 110.85 154.58 208.56 270.94 340.02 410.17 478.62 539.79 210 12.26 23.68 38.76 59.65 88.48 126.83 176.24 236.97 307.08 383.99 462.36 537.56 220 14.02 27.15 44.61 68.43 101.24 144.74 200.46 268.30 346.07 431.43 518.19

230 15.95 31.09 51.06 78.14 115.45 164.17 226.67 302.53 389.29 483.53 240 17.92 35.40 58.00 89.02 130.94 185.79 255.26 339.72 435.78 540.44 250 20.12 40.09 65.74 100.69 147.66 209.67 286.89 380.42 486.73

Fr om Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook , 4th Edition

AMMONIA HANDBOOK

14

F ro m m ro F Fr om om Fr Temp ºF Temp emp T ºF 250 240 230 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 220 250 200 240 230 90 80 70 60 50 40 32 10 2 30 13 40 14 00 10 50 15 90 19 20 12 60 16 70 17 80 18 110 50 40 90 80 32 70 60 P erry's C hemical E ngineering Handbook ngineering E hemical C erry's P Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook Engineering Chemical Perry's 29.83 24.97 20.78 17.19 14.12 11.53 29.83 24.97 20.78 0.00 0.70 0.51 0.36 0.26 0.18 0.12 0.09 9.34 7.51 5.99 4.74 3.72 2.89 2.22 1.69 1.27 0.95 7.19 . 17 12 . 14 1 3 5 11. 0.00 2.22 2.89 0.95 0.70 0.09 3.72 9.34 0.36 4.74 5.99 0.26 18 . 0 12 . 0 .69 6 1. 7 2 1. 0.51 7.51 30.27 48.32 35.59 25.61 41.52 18.06 21.60 15.00 4.74 0.16 . 10 12.41 5.38 6.70 0.64 0.45 2.62 4.27 3.34 2.02 0.34 8.29 0.86 .52 5 1. 0.115 0.084 28.20 23.60 19.64 16.25 13.35 10.90 .17 1. 4.74 0.66 0.48 0.34 0.24 0.17 8.83 7.10 5.66 4.48 3.51 2.73 2.10 1.60 1.20 0.90 42.47 36.26 66.67 57.65 25.87 30.72 49.60 12.23 14.92 21.65 9.50 18.01 8.07 9.98 0.77 4.05 6.46 2.43 0.60 .05 0 1. 14 . 5 15 . 3 4 8 1. .42 4 1. 0.108 0.079 26.58 22.25 18.51 15.32 12.58 10.27 9.50 0.63 0.45 0.32 0.23 0.16 8.32 6.69 5.34 4.22 3.31 2.57 1.98 1.51 1.14 0.85 59.00 50.58 90.74 36.60 68.46 30.86 25.87 78.91 14.63 43.14 14.29 21.54 17.81 1 1 9 11. 9.63 7.72 4.83 3.76 2.90 0.97 .65 6 1. 4 2 1. 13 . 6 2.21 Partial AQUA-CAT Vapor Water Of Over Pressure 14.29 0.101 0.074 25.00 20.91 17.40 14.39 11.82 0.58 0.42 0.30 0.21 0.15 7.82 6.30 5.02 3.97 3.11 2.42 1.86 1.42 1.07 0.79 9.65 124.08 108.60 70.72 60.62 94.43 44.02 26.00 17.67 14.42 21.49 81.91 51.81 9.10 . 19 1 4 6 11. .16 1. 3 37.11 7.43 5.85 4.56 2.67 9.34 2.01 .58 5 1. 3.51 19.10 0.095 0.070 23.39 19.58 16.29 13.48 11.07 4h dition E 4th , 0.55 0.40 0.28 0.20 0.14 7.32 5.89 4.70 3.71 2.91 2.26 1.74 1.33 1.00 0.74 9.04 Total Vapor Pressure of AQUA-CAT of Pressure Vapor Total 169.48 149.20 130.64 98.80 26.20 85.33 73.32 23.94 62.68 45.02 53.27 1 1 8 . 113 21.54 17.58 31.54 14.22 37.81 1 0 4 11. 3.25 9.06 4.29 2.60 5.55 13 . 7 Weight % In Concentration Of Aqua Ammonia Ammonia , 4th Edition 4th , Weight % In Concentration Of Aqua Ammonia Ammonia 23.94 0.089 0.065 21.82 18.26 15.19 12.57 10.32 0.51 0.37 0.26 0.19 0.13 6.83 5.49 4.38 3.46 2.72 2.11 1.62 1.24 0.93 0.69 8.43 229.62 202.74 136.42 102.56 178.28 1 8 6 . 118 156.41 38.25 26.07 45.73 64.25 54.43 75.55 28.81 17.23 31.69 13.86 88.17 21.32 6.75 4.20 8.65 1 1 0 11. 5.21 28.81 0.083 0.060 20.25 16.95 14.11 11.67 0.47 0.34 0.25 0.17 0.12 6.34 5.10 4.07 3.22 2.52 1.96 1.51 1.15 0.86 0.64 9.59 7.83 305.60 270.92 239.70 140.75 104.84 85.10 . 5 18 1 4 2 11. 2 21 8 6 1. 12 25.48 45.62 54.55 64.78 89.88 61 1 8 1. 16 33.71 37.81 20.61 16.56 10.35 76.61 13.22 (Pressure indicated inpsia) indicated (Pressure .16 1. 3 8.06 6.54 (Pressure indicated in psia) in (Pressure indicated 33.71 0.076 0.056 18.71 15.66 13.03 10.78 0.44 0.32 0.23 0.16 0.11 5.86 4.71 3.75 2.97 2.33 1.81 1.39 1.06 0.80 0.59 8.86 7.23 397.60 278.20 245.10 354.10 215.20 163.70 314.50 104.65 88.10 . 8 18 22.10 . 2 12 41 5 7 1. 14 38.64 36.34 29.69 24.05 63.59 75.55 12.05 53.16 15.34 89.19 44.12 19.30 9.93 38.64 0.070 0.051 17.18 14.38 11.97 502.40 448.90 277.00 243.30 400.20 0.40 0.29 0.21 0.15 0.10 5.38 4.33 3.45 2.73 2.14 1.66 1.28 0.97 0.73 0.55 9.90 8.13 6.64 314.50 355.10 100.86 212.60 160.20 1 4 2 . 118 38.10 . 8 13 85.10 . 5 18 43.59 49.82 40.96 33.39 85.33 59.99 27.05 17.20 71.87 21.65 4.18 . 14 43.59 0.064 0.047 15.67 13.12 10.91 0.094 390.70 552.30 345.50 304.30 493.40 439.60 267.00 202.70 233.20

129.50 175.40 0.37 0.27 0.19 0.13 4.91 3.94 3.15 2.49 1.95 1.52 1.17 0.89 0.67 0.50 9.03 7.42 6.06 1 0 2 . 110 51 0 3 1. 15 48.57 65.32 54.08 44.42 23.39 78.30 29.26 36.26 19.40 93.19 48.57 0.058 0.042 11.86 0.085 468.40 525.50 247.00 367.10 136.20 159.00 185.40 323.10 214.50 283.10 0.33 0.24 0.17 0.12 4.44 3.57 2.84 2.25 1.76 1.37 1.05 0.80 0.60 0.45 9.87 8.17 6.71 5.48 5.10 . 15 4 1 0 7 . 115 53.58 56.44 30.20 97.68 37.54 46.23 68.19 25.16 81.91 ® TM Aqua Ammonia Aqua 53.58 0.052 0.038 0.076 542.90 483.00 427.70 252.65 162.08 189.00 219.28 377.10 290.18 331.70 38.10 . 8 13 58.62 82.55 68.46 37.20 45.93 56.32 0.30 0.22 0.15 0.11 3.99 3.21 2.56 2.02 1.59 1.23 0.95 0.72 0.54 0.41 7.31 6.04 4.93 1 17 . 117 98.61 .16 1. 3 543.60 482.50 249.66 426.60 329.40 287.24 375.60 58.62 0.046 0.034 0.097 0.068 185.70 215.88 158.84 1 2 0 . 114 135.01 63.69 95.69 79.54 36.77 43.73 53.85 65.90 0.26 0.19 0.14 3.55 2.85 2.28 1.80 1.41 1.10 0.84 0.64 0.48 0.36 5.34 4.38 ® TM Aqua Ammonia 206.29 239.33 528.80 468.40 63.69 0.040 0.030 0.085 0.059 127.42 107.20 276.15 363.10 150.50 176.54 317.30 413.30 68.79 89.36 42.72 49.60 60.87 74.06 0.23 0.17 0.12 3.10 2.50 1.99 1.58 1.24 0.96 0.74 0.56 0.42 0.31 3.81 222.68 258.40 502.40 390.20 443.70 138.34 297.81 341.70 68.79 0.035 0.025 0.073 0.051 1 4 5 . 116 63.16 . 3 16 45.94 54.43 66.67 80.96 91 15 1. 19 73.91 97.51 0.20 0.14 0.10 2.65 2.14 1.71 1.35 1.06 0.82 0.63 0.48 0.36 0.27 236.37 273.30 529.50 203.26 467.80 315.00 124.30 104.08 412.20 173.40 47.15 . 7 14 .10 1. 6 3 73.91 0.086 0.029 0.021 0.061 0.042 58.33 49.28 79.07 86.49 71.29 0.16 0.12 1.77 1.42 1.12 0.88 0.69 0.53 0.40 0.30 0.22 247.38 286.40 329.40 552.30 430.40 488.70 154.56 130.64 109.60 212.89 377.10 82.10 . 2 18 84.26 75.25 79.07 0.096 0.069 0.023 0.017 0.049 0.034 61.64 52.14 91.08 0.13 1.42 1.13 0.90 0.71 0.55 0.42 0.32 0.24 0.18 258.40 298.67 343.20 222.34 392.80 447.80 508.20 136.40 190.22 1 6 8 . 114 64.78 54.90 89.47 95.69 79.07 61 1 8 1. 16 84.26 0.100 0.072 0.052 0.015 0.013 0.180 0.130 0.037 0.025 1.06 1.85 0.67 0.53 0.41 0.32 0.24 358.60 232.85 409.80 466.60 528.80 169.76 270.10 143.72 120.63 199.22 100.66 1 0 9 11. 3 68.32 94.72 58.01 83.41 89.47 0.066 0.048 0.034 0.012 0.008 0.570 0.450 0.350 0.270 0.210 0.160 0.120 0.090 0.024 0.017 286.40 330.30 247.00 432.20 492.80 558.40 180.60 379.10 100.00 153.00 128.80 107.60 1 0 9 11. 2 73.32 62.29 89.19 94.72 0.033 0.024 0.017 0.006 0.004 0.300 0.220 0.180 0.140 0.100 0.081 0.061 0.045 0.012 0.008

15

SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK

16

17

SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK

AQUA-­‐CAT®TM Aqua Ammonia Solution at 15.6°C (60°F)

Conversion Chart: Weight % NH3 to Specific Gravity to Degrees Baumé

Weight % Sp.Gr. Degrees Weight % Sp.Gr. Degrees Weight % Sp.Gr. Degrees Weight % Sp.Gr. Degrees

NH3 15.6°C/60°F Baumé NH3 15.6°C/60°F Baumé NH3 15.6°C/60°F Baumé NH3 15.6°C/60°F Baumé 16.0 0.9390 19.09 20.0 0.9258 21.22 24.0 0.9133 23.29 28.0 0.9013 25.33 16.1 0.9387 19.14 20.1 0.9255 21.27 24.1 0.9130 23.34 28.1 0.9010 25.38 16.2 0.9384 19.19 20.2 0.9252 21.32 24.2 0.9127 23.39 28.2 0.9007 25.43 16.3 0.9380 19.25 20.3 0.9249 21.37 24.3 0.9124 23.44 28.3 0.9004 25.49 16.4 0.9377 19.30 20.4 0.9246 21.42 24.4 0.9121 23.49 28.4 0.9001 25.54 16.5 0.9374 19.35 20.5 0.9242 21.48 24.5 0.9118 23.54 28.5 0.8998 25.59 16.6 0.9371 19.40 20.6 0.9239 21.53 24.6 0.9115 23.59 28.6 0.8995 25.64 16.7 0.9367 19.46 20.7 0.9236 21.58 24.7 0.9112 23.64 28.7 0.8992 25.69 16.8 0.9364 19.51 20.8 0.9233 21.63 24.8 0.9109 23.69 28.8 0.8989 25.75 16.9 0.9361 19.56 20.9 0.9230 21.68 24.9 0.9106 23.74 28.9 0.8986 25.80 17.0 0.9357 19.62 21.0 0.9227 21.73 25.0 0.9103 23.80 29.0 0.8983 25.85 17.1 0.9354 19.67 21.1 0.9223 21.79 25.1 0.9100 23.85 29.1 0.8980 25.90 17.2 0.9351 19.72 21.2 0.9220 21.84 25.2 0.9097 23.90 29.2 0.8977 25.95 17.3 0.9348 19.76 21.3 0.9217 21.89 25.3 0.9094 23.95 29.3 0.8974 26.01 17.4 0.9344 19.83 21.4 0.9214 21.94 25.4 0.9091 24.00 29.4 0.8972 26.04 17.5 0.9341 19.88 21.5 0.9211 21.99 25.5 0.9088 24.05 29.5 0.8969 26.09 17.6 0.9338 19.93 21.6 0.9208 22.04 25.6 0.9085 24.10 29.6 0.8966 26.15 17.7 0.9335 19.97 21.7 0.9205 22.09 25.7 0.9082 24.15 29.7 0.8963 26.20 17.8 0.9331 20.04 21.8 0.9202 22.14 25.8 0.9079 24.20 29.8 0.8960 26.25 17.9 0.9328 20.09 21.9 0.9198 22.21 25.9 0.9076 24.25 29.9 0.8957 26.30 18.0 0.9325 20.13 22.0 0.9195 22.26 26.0 0.9073 24.30 30.0 0.8954 26.35 18.1 0.9322 20.18 22.1 0.9192 22.31 26.1 0.9070 24.36 30.1 0.8951 26.41 18.2 0.9318 20.25 22.2 0.9189 22.36 26.2 0.9067 24.41 30.2 0.8948 26.46 18.3 0.9315 20.30 22.3 0.9186 22.41 26.3 0.9064 24.46 30.3 0.8945 26.51 18.4 0.9312 20.34 22.4 0.9183 22.46 26.4 0.9061 24.51 30.4 0.8942 26.56 18.5 0.9309 20.39 22.5 0.9180 22.51 26.5 0.9058 24.56 30.5 0.8939 26.62 18.6 0.9305 20.46 22.6 0.9177 22.56 26.6 0.9055 24.61 30.6 0.8937 26.65 18.7 0.9300 20.54 22.7 0.9173 22.62 26.7 0.9052 24.66 30.7 0.8934 26.70 18.8 0.9297 20.59 22.8 0.9170 22.67 26.8 0.9049 24.71 30.8 0.8931 26.76 18.9 0.9293 20.65 22.9 0.9167 22.72 26.9 0.9046 24.76 30.9 0.8928 26.81 19.0 0.9290 20.70 23.0 0.9164 22.77 27.0 0.9043 24.82 31.0 0.8925 26.86 19.1 0.9287 20.75 23.1 0.9161 22.82 27.1 0.9040 24.87 31.1 0.8922 26.92 19.2 0.9284 20.80 23.2 0.9158 22.87 27.2 0.9037 24.92 31.2 0.8919 26.97 19.3 0.9281 20.85 23.3 0.9155 22.92 27.3 0.9034 24.97 31.3 0.8916 27.02 SOUTHERN IONICS: 19.4 0.9277 20.91 23.4 0.9152 22.97 27.4 0.9031 25.02 31.4 0.8913 27.07 19.5 0.9274 20.96 23.5 0.9149 23.02 27.5 0.9028 25.07 31.5 0.8910 27.13 19.6 0.9271 21.01 23.6 0.9146 23.07 27.6 0.9025 25.12 31.6 0.8908 27.16 19.7 0.9268 21.06 23.7 0.9143 23.12 27.7 0.9022 25.18 31.7 0.8905 27.22 19.8 0.9265 21.11 23.8 0.9140 23.17 27.8 0.9019 25.23 31.8 0.8902 27.27 19.9 0.9261 21.17 23.9 0.9136 23.24 27.9 0.9016 25.28 31.9 0.8899 27.32

AMMONIA HANDBOOK *Refer to procedure in the back of this handbook for testing. *A Hydrometer does not have the accuracy required and shall not be used when reporting assay.

18 T S e m G 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 53 5 5 5 63 6 6 6 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 73 7 7 7 p @ 9 8 7 6 5 6 5 4 2 1 0 2 1 0 9 8 7 9 8 7 6 5 4 5 4 2 1 0 ° T F A S m 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. G . m 8 8 8 8 87 87 8 87 87 87 87 8 87 87 8 8 8 8 87 87 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 @ 735 793 839 832 715 761 741 819 891 871 0 on 6 285 20 09 025 740 675 54 480 130 065 0 870 805 58 520 45 260 975 845 780 650 . 0° 8 i 8 0 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 a S S 0 0 0 0. 0. 0 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. o G ...... l 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 89 89 8 8 8 8 89 89 89 89 8 89 89 89 89 89 89 @ u 834 936 930 81 81 91 91 6 0. t 28 2 70 64 58 52 46 40 06 0 94 8 82 76 54 48 42 24 90 84 78 72 6 60 i 0° on 60 0 20 80 8 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s : S 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. G S 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 893 9 9 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 903 903 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 891 891 901 901 @ p 928 92 970 964 958 952 946 940 06 0 94 98 982 976 054 048 042 024 09 084 078 072 06 06 60 0. e c 90 40 60 0 60 0 20 80 i ° f 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i c S 0 0. 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. G G ...... 9 903 903 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 91 91 91 91 91 91 9 91 91 91 91 91 91 r @ 04 02 07 07 06 06 05 05 04 09 09 08 08 13 13 avi 1 1 60 0 05 0 45 40 25 20 75 70 65 60 5 50 . 0 50 50 0 50 0 50 0 50 50 0 50 0 50 0 9 50 0 0 5 ° t 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y at S 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. G 920 920 920 92 92 92 92 92 926 925 925 924 924 924 91 91 91 91 T 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 92 92 @ e 60 0. 360 320 52 48 4 40 80 76 72 68 46 60 56 96 92 8 84 16 12 m 92 80 40 0 80 40 0 0 60 20 80 40 0 ° p 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e S r 0 0 0 0. 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. at G ...... 93 93 93 936 932 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 931 931 @ u 0. 6 r 08 04 0 280 240 20 60 560 520 480 40 40 520 480 40 40 80 760 720 680 640 60 560 960 920 80 840 0 e 93 60 20 ° , 0 0 T , S 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. C G . . 935 938 937 937 936 94 93 943 943 9 935 9 9 9 9 94 94 9 93 9 94 94 94 9 9 94 94 94 94 94 9 @ o 360 350 380 376 367 396 386 41 41 439 r 0. 6 03 06 0 29 26 231 13 09 49 46 42 r 0° 03 98 65 63 30 9 71 01 e 4 4 8 5 5 2 9 6 0 7 6 0 7 4 8 7 4 2 9 5 2 9 6 c t e S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0 0. 0. 0. 0. d G ...... 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 953 953 953 953 9 9 951 951 951 951 t @ o 470 467 465 462 487 485 482 480 47 475 472 50 502 50 497 495 492 490 5 520 507 527 52 0. 60 2 60° 95 75 50 25 0 75 50 25 0 ° 0 5 0 5 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 0 5 5 0 5 F 19

SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK + o NH3,aq, NH4 Speciation vs. pH for 19% Aqua Ammonia at 25 C + - NH3,aq + H2O = NH4 + OH (Equilibrium Constant = Kb; pKb=4.75) 25.00 Ammonium ion, NH4+ Aqueous NH3

20.00

15.00 Weight % 10.00

5.00

0.00 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SOUTHERN IONICS: pH

Southern Ionics Incorporated, 2/13/2008 AMMONIA HANDBOOK

20 the Air The LimitingOxygen ConcentrationLineandtheLimitingAmmonia ConcentrationLineintersectwith resulting fromthemixing air. ofammoniavaporwith The Air There areseveralfeaturesdepictedonthegraphthatnoteworthy: Amonia UperFlbty non-continuous oxygen monitoring. depending onhow oxygen concentration ismeasured. Thealternatives are continuous and Concentration Reduction” inthereferenced standard. Two alternatives are presented prevention methods canbeimplemented.Refer to“Deflagration Prevention by Oxidant of 14.5% presents a control point from which one of the NFPA 69 standard explosion 14.5% oxygen, themixture cannotbeignited.TheLimitingOxygenConcentration value with nitrogen, so thattheresulting Ammonia-Oxygen-Nitrogen mixture is reduced to Experimentally, ithasbeendeterminedthat iftheoxygen contentoftheairisdiluted intersect withtheAir-AmmoniaMixture Lineattwounique points: The LimitingOxygenConcentrationLineandthe Ammonia ConcentrationLine and nitrogen resulting from themixingofammoniavapor withair. The Air-Ammonia Mixture Linepresents allpossible concentrationsofammonia, oxygen, There are several features depictedonthegraphthatare noteworthy: AMMONIA VAPOR FLAMMABILITYDIAGRAM operating pressure for29%aquaammoniastoragetank,are presented thefollowing graph. mixed withair. CombustibleAir-Ammoniamixtures compressed to10psig,atypical the vapor from aquaammoniasolutionscanformcombustibleorexplosive mixtures when While aquaammoniasolutionsthemselves are conditions, notflammable,undercertain Concetrai L Limtng Aoa 2. 1. 3. 2. 1. 2. 1. 3. 2. 1. Limt nPureOxyg

the UpperExplosive Limit(UEL)at28% byvolumeNH Explosivthe Lower Limiting AmmoniaConcentrationLine. Limiting Oxygen ConcentrationLine,and Air - Ammonia Mixture uniquepoints: Lineattwo - Ammonia Mixture Linepresentsallpossibleconcentration the Upper Explosive Limit(UEL)at28%by volume NH₃inAir. the Lower Explosive Limit(LEL)at15%by volume NH₃inAir, and Limiting AmmoniaConcentrationLine. Limiting OxygenConcentrationLine,and Air-Ammonia Mixture Line, - Ammonia Mixture Line, Concetrai L Limtng Oxye

e Limit(LEL)at15%by volumeNH Oxygen

Nitrogen

₃ ₃

Air-mona MxtueL in Air,and in Air. s ofammonia,oxygen, andnitrogen

a i n o m m A AMMONIA VAPOR FLAMMABILITY

Mixture Zon Air-mona Combustile

21

SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK ASSAY OF AQUA-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS

NH3 content may be by one of two methods, either by a specific gravity vs. concentration table or by a volumetric titration. • The specific gravity vs. concentration table requires a density meter with a readability of at least 0.0001 units. Since the concentration of aqua-ammonia can change several tenths percent with respect to the fourth decimal place a hydrometer does not have the required accuracy and shall not be used when reporting assay, however, a hydrometer may be used as a rough check. • In the titration, a sample is weighed directly into an excess of standardized ~1N HCl solution, the un-reacted HCl is then backtitrated with standardized ~1N NaOH solution to a Methyl Red endpoint. Before undertaking any analytical procedure, personnel should first read and understand the MSDS for the chemicals involved. When working with Aqua Ammonia, the use of a hood should be employed.

PROCEDURES: 1.0 Determination of Assay via Specific Gravity 1.1. Collect a sample of aqua-ammonia into a narrow-mouthed bottle and cap immediately; let equilibrate to room temperature (<75°F). 1.2. Open the bottle and insert a disposable 3-ml syringe below the surface. 1.3. Quickly draw 2.5 ml (±0.5) of sample into the syringe and recap the bottle. 1.4. Insert the syringe into the injection port of a density meter that has a readability of at least 0.0001 units. 1.5. Flush at least 1.5 ml (±0.1) of sample through the measurement loop before stopping the syringe plunger. 1.6. Measure the specific gravity at 15.6°C and record to the nearest 0.0001 units. 1.7. Using the “Specific Gravity vs. %NH3 of Aqua-Ammonia at 15.6°C (60°F)” table, determine the %NH3 concentration. SOUTHERN IONICS: 2.0 Alternate Method – Determination of Assay via Titration 2.1. Using a volumetric pipet, transfer 50 ml of standardized ~1.0N HCl into a clean 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask. 2.2. Tare the flask on an analytical balance capable of weighing at least 200 g. 2.3. Add 2 ml (±0.2) of sample and record the weight to the nearest 0.01 mg.

AMMONIA HANDBOOK 2.4. Add 25 ml (±5) DI water and a stirring bar. 2.5. Add 4-5 drops of ~0.1% Methyl Red Indicator. The sample should turn a pinkish red color, if not use a smaller sample weight. 2.6. Titrate with standardized ~1.0N NaOH to a yellow endpoint. 2.7. Calculate the assay using the following formula: %NH3 = [(mls HCl)(N of HCl) – (mls NaOH)(N of NaOH)]x1.70 Sample Weight

22 REAGENT STANDARDIZATION: grade chemicalsonly. Reagents fortheassayofAqua-Ammonia solutionsare tobemanufactured withA.C.S. REAGENTS: 2.0 1NHCl 1.0 1NNaOH 1.0 1.2.1. 1.2. 1.1.3. 1.1.2. 1.1.1. 1.1. 2.5 Run thetestinduplicateandaverage theresults. 2.4. 2.3. 2.2. solutionintoa250-mlErlenmeyer flask. 2.1. 1.6 1.5. 1.4. mixtodissolve thestandard. 1.3. 0.1mg. Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate intotheflaskand record the weight tothenearest 1.2. 120°C(±5°)foratleast2hours.Letcoolinadessicator. 1.1. supplier’s bottle. 1.4.1. 1.4. supplier’s bottle. 1.3.1. 1.3. supplier’s bottle. Preparation

Purchased solutionwithaCOA asacertified anduseddirectly from the 1.2 ~95% Transfer toastoragebottle. Add 100ml(±5)of~95%Ethanol andmixuntil dissolved. Weigh 0.1g(±0.005)ofMethyl Red Powder intoatared 250-mlbeaker. ~0.1% Methyl Red Indicator Calculate thenormalityofHCl usingthefollowing equation: Titrate withthe1NHCltoacolorlessendpoint. Add 100ml(±5)DIwaterand2-3drops of~1%w/vPhenolphthalein indicator. Using aburet orvolumetric pipet,transfer10mlofstandardized 1N NaOH Run thetestinduplicateandaverage theresults. Calculate thenormalityofNaOH usingthefollowing formula: Titrate with1NNaOH tothefirstpermanentfaintpinkendpoint. Add 100ml(±5)DIwaterand2-3drops of~1%w/vPhenolphthalein and Tare 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask. a clean, dry Weigh 4.0 g (±0.2) of the dried ~9gacidimetricstandardDry gradePotassium Hydrogen Phthalate at Purchased solutionwithaCOA asacertified and used directly from the 1N NaOH Purchased solutionwithaCOA asacertified anduseddirectly from the 1N HCl

N NaOH =gPotassium Hydrogen Phthalate (0.20423)(ml NaOH from step3.1.4) N HCl=(10xNaOH) ml HCl

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SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK AQUA-CAT® AQUA AMMONIA PRODUCT BULLETIN

CAS NUMBER: 1336-21-6

CHEMICAL FORMULA: Aqueous solution of ammonia. (NH3 in water)

DESCRIPTION: Clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor.

NSF CERTIFICATION: Aqua ammonia manufactured at Lake Charles, LA is NSF-60 certified. Maximum use in potable water is 10 mg/l.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Percent by weight on product basis unless indicated otherwise.

19% 25% **29% *NH3 in water, wt% 18%-20% 24%-26% 28%-30% Specific Gravity @ 25°C 0.926 0.906 0.892 Heavy Metals, as Pb, ppm 0.5 max 0.5 max 0.5 max Iron, as Fe, ppm 0.2 max 0.2 max 0.2 max Chloride, as Cl, ppm 0.5 max 0.5 max 0.5 max Sodium, as Na, ppm 2.0 max 2.0 max 2.0 max

Phosphate, as PO4, ppm 2.0 max 2.0 max 2.0 max

Total Sulfur, as SO4, ppm 2.0 max 2.0 max 2.0 max

Carbon Dioxide, as CO2, wt% 0.002 max 0.002 max 0.002 max Residue after Ignition, wt% 0.002 max 0.002 max 0.002 max

*Normal Certificate of Analysis Properties ** AQUA-CAT™ 29% meets or exceeds all requirements for Reagent Grade

SOUTHERN IONICS: Aqueous Ammonia and the Commercial Item Description for Ammonium Hydroxide Technical Grade (A-A-59370).

PACKAGING: 6500+ gallon stainless-steel tank trucks and lined railcars. AMMONIA HANDBOOK

24 MARKINGS: DOT and POINTS: SHIPPING Pasadena, Texas SAFETY: STORAGE: HANDLING &

Ammonia Solution orAmmoniumHydroxide, withmore than10%but Augusta, Georgia; Baton Rouge, Louisiana;LakeCharles, Ammonia, 1000lbs/454kg),Placarded Corrosive not more than 35% as ammonia, 8, UN2672, PG III, RQ (Aqua understood, andrequired safetyprecautions are followed. vapors. Do notusethisproduct untiltheMSDShasbeenread, should be removed with copious amounts of water. Avoid inhalationof protective clothing,andgloves. Contactwithaquaammoniasolution is prevented through theuseofsafetyglasses,goggles,faceshield, Should behandledinopenorwell ventilated areas. Eye andskincontact oxidizers. Provide controlled venting forscrubber of bulkstoragetanks. alloy equipment.Avoid storingincloseproximity tostrong acidsand and storinginconfinedspaces. Avoid contactwithcopperbearing sunlight, ifpossible;freeze protection isnotanissue.Avoid heating Storage Temperature Piping –304/316/347Stainless Steel Pumps –304/316/347Stainless Steel Storage tanks–304/316/347Stainless Steel Materials ofConstruction:

: Keep storage containerscoolandoutofdirect

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SOUTHERN IONICS: AMMONIA HANDBOOK VENDOR INFORMATION

CORPORATE ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBERS:

Southern Ionics Incorporated 201 Commerce Street P.O. Drawer 1217 West Point, MS 39773 Telephone (662) 494-3055 Facsimile (662) 495-2590

CUSTOMER SERVICE AND PLACING ORDERS: Telephone (800) 953-3585 Facsimile (800) 953-3588 E-mail [email protected]

EMERGENCY AFTER HOURS OPERATOR: 888-610-2379

E-MAIL: [email protected]

WEBSITE: www.southernionics.com

REMITTANCE ADDRESS: Southern Ionics Incorporated PO Box 934557 SOUTHERN IONICS: Atlanta, GA 31193-4557

PAYMENT TERMS: Net 30 days

FEDERAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: 63-0800759 AMMONIA HANDBOOK

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