CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TODAY Ammonia NH4OH CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TODAY Southern Ionics Incorporated (SII) was founded in 1980 and is a privately owned organization. Our corporate headquarters and research facilities are located in West Point and Columbus Mississippi respectively. We also possess manufacturing facilities throughout the Gulf Coast, Southeast, and Mid Atlantic, including CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TODAY four Aqua Ammonia supply points in Augusta, Georgia, Baton Rouge and Lake Charles, Louisiana, and Pasadena, Texas. Southern Ionics offers its customers the advantages of multiple manufacturing locations combined with economical logistics and technical service. SII manufactures and markets the following products: CUSTOMER FOCUS AQUA-CAT® AQUA AMMONIA Southern Ionics is committed to building a team of motivated individuals who can advance the technology of our business, manufacture quality products, and provide our customers ALUMINUM CHLORIDE, POLYALUMINUM with the service and know-how to maximize the value of our products. For our customers, CHLORIDE, ALUMINUM CHLOROHYDRATE Southern Ionics provides comprehensive technical service and applications assistance for all ALUMINUM SULFATE SOLUTION, LOW products through our engineering, technical sales, and R&D personnel. Southern Ionics’ IRON AND COMMERCIAL GRADE quality management system is certified to ISO 9001 Standards. Potable water treatment products are NSF certified for use. Many of our products meet the FDA GRAS (Generally ACID ALUM AQUEOUS SOLUTION Recognized as Safe) requirements. Our Vision is to build a company that excels in safety, IRON FREE ACTIVATED ALUM reliability, quality, and service. We strive to be a company our customers and employees trust, have confidence in, and can depend upon recognizing that excellence is a way of life CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTION built on every action we take. CEMENT MANUFACTURING ADDITIVES CUSTOMER SERVICE SODIUM ALUMINATE Safely exceeding customer expectations is our number one priority. SII has a centrally located SODIUM BISULFITE Customer Service Department with toll free telephone (800 953-3585) and facsimile (800 SODIUM SULFITE 953-3588) numbers for customer convenience while ordering during business hours. We also have a toll free number for after hours and emergencies. The after-hours operator is equipped SODIUM THIOSULFATE with pertinent information to handle any customer request. This allows for 24 hour, 7 days a SODA ASH SOLUTION week, 365 days a year service to handle customer needs. MAGNESIUM SULFATE Inventory management is also available. SII personnel can monitor customer tank levels and usage rates by phone or automated phone and internet systems. SII then schedules VARIOUS ZIRCONIC® COMPOUNDS delivery based on the customer’s inventory targets and usage rates. PRODUCT INFORMATION Southern Ionics’ AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia is manufactured in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Distribution is also available from SII’s locations in Augusta, Georgia; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Lake Charles, Louisiana; and Pasadena, Texas. AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia is also known as ammonia solution. Southern Ionics manufactures our AQUA-CAT® ammonium hydroxide from purified anhydrous ammonia, and de-mineralized water. It is a colorless liquid with a strong odor. Concentrations up to a nominal 29% solution are available. The main uses forAQUA-CAT ® ammonia solution are: 1. SCR and SNCR for removal of nitrous oxides in stack emissions 2. Catalyst Manufacture 3. Pharmaceuticals 4. Specialty chemical manufacturing 5. Water treatment 6. Fiber manufacturing MANUFACTURING PROCESS AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia is manufactured from de-mineralized (de-ionized) water and high purity anhydrous ammonia. The manufacturing method consists of the rapid dissolution of anhydrous ammonia vapor into de-mineralized water. The use of ammonia vapor produces a superior quality Aqua Ammonia solution to that produced from liquid anhydrous ammonia. The different strengths of AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia are typically made in a step-wise process with successive additions of anhydrous ammonia. This is done to increase the concentration of the ammonia in the liquid and, at the same time, allows the removal of the excess heat of reaction. MANUFACTURING PROCESS Houston Ammonia Terminal (HAT) & Donaldsonville, Louisiana Primary Clarification via R/O or Clarifier, Vapor De-mineralized Cationic, Anionic, Mixed Anhydrous Packed Water Bed Demineralization Ammonia Bed and Polishing Absorber Truck AQUA-CAT® Rail MANUFACTURING PROCESS Lake Charles, Louisiana SOUTHERN IONICS: Truck Anhydrous Convertor AQUA-CAT® Ammonia Ammonium Hydroxide Rail AMMONIA HANDBOOK Reverse Osmosis and Cationic, Anionic, Mixed Demineralization De-mineralized and Polishing Water 4 PERSONAL SAFETY AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia (Ammonium Hydroxide) solution is a hazardous material. Contact with eyes, skin, or mucous membranes can cause irritation. To avoid irritation, AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia should SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL & REGULATORY be handled in open or well-ventilated areas. Appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety goggles, rubber boots, rubber gloves, rubber aprons, and face shields, should be worn. Respirators should be worn unless the ventilation is adequate enough to keep airborne concentrations below the exposure standards. Ingestion of AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia can be fatal. THE MSDS MUST BE READ, UNDERSTOOD AND FOLLOWED BEFORE HANDLING AQUA-CAT® AQUA AMMONIA. FIRST AID • EYES – Immediately flush with flowing water for at least 15 minutes with eyelids held apart. Obtain medical attention. • SKIN – Apply water immediately to exposed areas of skin and continue for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing while continuing to apply water. Do not apply salves or ointments to area. Obtain medical attention. • INHALATION – Remove victim to fresh air. Give oxygen if breathing is difficult. If breathing has stopped, start artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention. • INGESTION – DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If person is conscious, give large quantities of water and, if possible, diluted vinegar, lemon juice, orange juice, or other citric juices to neutralize the ammonia. Delay may cause perforation of esophagus or stomach. Obtain medical attention. FIRE PROTECTION FLASH POINT – N/A LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT – 15% of Ammonia Gas in Air by volume UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT – 28% of Ammonia Gas in Air by volume LIMITING OXYGEN CONCENTRATION – 15% O2 is the minimum to support combustion. Inert gas pad systems are recommended. Please see the data provided in the physical properties section of this handbook. AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE - 850ºC, 1560ºF EXTINGUISHING MEDIA – Water spray or fog type streams. Chemical extinguishers or CO2 extinguishers should be used on small fires only. SPECIAL FIREFIGHTING PROCEDURES – Stop the flow of liquid. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool and to protect personnel affecting the shut off. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Approach fire upwind and evacuate area downwind if needed. UNUSUAL FIRE & EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS – The presence of oil or other combustible materials will increase the fire hazard. The explosive (flammable) range of ammonia is broadened by a mixture AMMONIA HANDBOOK of oxygen replacing air and by temperature and pressure higher than atmospheric. Aqua Ammonia storage tanks that do not use inert gas pads potentially may contain explosive vapor mixtures. Sources of ignition should be avoided. REACTIVITY DATA STABILITY – Stable at temperatures below boiling point. SOUTHERN IONICS: CONDITIONS TO AVOID – Heat, open flames, and electrical equipment and fixtures which are not vapor proof or grounded. 5 INCOMPATIBILITY – Strong acids, most common metals, strong oxidizing agents, mercury, chlorine, bromine, iodine, calcium, silver oxide, hypochlorite, bronze, brass, copper, and aluminum. HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS – Ammonia is chemically reactive, easily undergoing oxidation, substitution, and additional reactions. Combustion of ammonia will yield small amounts of nitrogen and water. HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION – Will not occur. SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE AND TOXICITY SIGNS & SYMPTOMS – Burning of the eyes, conjunctivitis, skin irritation, swelling of the eyelids and lips, dry mouth and tongue, burning of the throat, and coughing. In more severe cases of exposure, difficulty breathing, signs and symptoms of lung congestions, and, ultimately, death from respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema may occur. EFFECTS – Irritation and possible burns of the skin and mucous membranes. Headache, salivation, nausea, and vomiting. Difficult or labored breathing and cough with bloody mucous discharge. Bronchitis, laryngitis, hemotysis, and pulmonary edema or pneumonities. Ulceration of the conjunctiva and cornea, and corneal and lenticular opacities. Damage to the eyes may be permanent. TOXICITY – Acute oral toxicity LD50 for rat is 350mg/kg ammonia. IDLH* Value is 300ppm. *Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health REGULATORY REGULATIONS – Please consult the proper regulatory authorities to determine the appropriate regulations that may apply. Suggested agencies to contact include, but are not limited to, OSHA, EPA, and local and state authorities. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANS – Concentrations of AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia of 20% or greater may be subject to EPA’s Risk Management Plans based upon the quantity maintained onsite. SPILL/EMERGENCY RESPONSE – HAZWOPER trained personnel should respond to AQUA-CAT® aqua ammonia spills. Appropriate spill/emergency response