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The New York Botanical Garden Vol. I MARCH, 1900 No. 3 JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden EDITOR DANIEL TREMBLY MACDOUGAL Director of the Laboratories CONTENTS The Herbarium (with Plate II. and two figures) Page 33 The Ellis Collection of Fungi 3» Mosses in March (with two figures) 4° Forest Conditions in the Klondike 44 Accessions 46 Notes, ews and Comment 4* PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN AT 41 NORTH QUEEN STREET, LANCASTER, PA. BY THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY OKPIOERS, 1900. PRESIDENT—D. O. MILLS, VICE-PRESIDENT—ANDREW CARNEGIE, TREASURER—CHARLES F. COX, SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON. BOARD OF MANAGERS. 1. ELECTED MANAGERS. ANDREW CARNEGIE, D. O. MILLS, CHARLES F. COX, J. PIERPONT MORGAN, W. BAYARD CUTTING, JAMES A. SCRYMSER, WILLIAM E. DODGE, SAMUEL SLOAN, JOHN I. KANE, W. GILMAN THOMPSON, SAMUEL THORNE. Z. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS. THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS, HON. GEO. C. CLAUSEN. THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, HON. R. A. VAN WYCK. 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS. HON. SETH LOW, CHAIRMAN. HON. ADDISON BROWN, PROF. J. F. KEMP, PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, HON. J. J. LITTLE, PROF. L. M. UNDERWOOD. GARDEN STAFF. DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief. DR, D. T. MACDOUGAL, First Assistant. DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Curator of the Museums. DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Assistant Curator. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Head Gardener. GEORGE V. NASH, Curator of the Plantations. ANNA MURRAY VAIL, Librarian. DR. H. H. RUSBY, Curator of the Economic Collections. COL. F. A. SCHILLING, Superintendent. WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant. II s s •a s a -- JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden VOL. I. MARCH, 1900. No. 3. THE HERBARIUM. WITH PLATK IT. As soon as the museum building was sufficiently advanced towards completion, in October, 1899, the oak herbarium cases were put together and placed in their permanent positions. Thereupon the accumulation of mounted material forming the Garden herbarium was removed from the temporary office in Bedford Park Village and installed in these cases. In 1896 it was decided by an agreement between the Mana­ gers of the Garden and the Trustees of Columbia University, to deposit the Columbia herbarium in the museum building at the Garden, and shortly after the installation of the Garden herba­ rium, the removal of that large and historic collection, from Morn- ingside Heights to Bronx Park was begun and accomplished without incident. The frontispiece will give an adequate idea of the main herba­ rium room. (The photograph from which Plate II. was repro­ duced was made before the herbarium was completed and shows museum seats and material temporarily stored here.) This room is in the east wing of the museum building on the top floor ; it is eighty-five feet long, forty-seven feet wide and fully fifteen feet high. Illumination is effected by numerous windows in all four walls and four large sky-lights along the middle of the roof. The light thus admitted is thoroughly diffused by the pure white walls and ceil­ ing. There are two rows of pillars through the length of the room ; between the west wall and one row of pillars stand the forty-two cases made up into ten sets, containing the flowering 33 34 plants of the Columbia herbarium, while between the east wall and the other row of pillars range the forty-five cases containing the Garden herbarium, with which is incorporated, though readily separable, the Columbia cryptogams and gymnosperms, thus making possible a complete arrangement of the orders and fami­ lies from the lowest to the most highly organized forms of plant life. The admirable relation between the room itself and the cases may easily be realized by a glance at the accompanying diagram. The blocks of cases are placed so as to permit walking completely around them, no case being immedi­ ately against the wall or pillar at any point. In addition to the herba­ rium cases, there is ample table accommodation, a mat­ ter of the first importance in connection with herbarium work. The arrangement of the tables is also shown on the diagram. At the north­ ern end of the room, facing the three large windows stand three oak tables, each four feet wide and eight feet long. Ranging through the middle FlG. 7.—Floor plan of main herbarium room. of the room beneath the sky­ lights and between the two rows of pillars, stand a series of oak tables, some four, some six and others eight feet in length, and all within reasonable distance of both series of herbarium cases. The walls of the room are adapted to an elastic arrangement of stationary or book cases, and small tables for the prosecution of special work. At conve­ nient points there are such duplicate books as are constantly needed by those using the herbarium, thus effecting a saving of considerable time and energy that would be unnecessarily wasted, if the main library had to be constantly consulted. An important feature in contemplation is a series of cabinets with drawers and closets, to alternate with the tables through the middle of the room. In these are to be placed specimens too bulky to be mounted on herbarium sheets, such as fruits, certain kinds of fungi and specimens preserved in alcohol and formal- dehyd. These cabinets will also aid materially in the general operations of the herbarium; being higher than the tables they will furnish a place to work in a standing position, while they will facilitate to a great degree, the sorting and distribution of the constantly accumulating herbarium sheets. The less bulky specimens of fruits belonging to specimens mounted on herba­ rium sheets, and certain fungi, such as the myxomycetes, that will not stand pressure are mounted in cardboard boxes of mul­ tiple sizes and placed in drawers. The Garden herbarium is especially rich in the fungi. In It is incorporated the collection of Mr. J. B. Ellis, in itself the largest accumulation of fungi in America and one of the largest in ex­ istence. This series is represented by about 100,000 specimens. The remainder of the Garden herbarium is for the most part composed of flowering plants, the number of cryptograms, exclu­ sive of the fungi, being relatively small. The flowering plants have been derived from available collections made during the past few years in all parts of the world, and many rare sets and miscellaneous specimens acquired through the accession of the following herbaria : The John J. Crooke herbarium, including various collections of North American and West Indian plants and a set from the herbarium of the United States Exploring Expedition. The F. M. Hexamer herbarium, consisting mainly of European and North American plants. The H. E. Hasse herbarium, including plants from all parts of North America, including Greenland and Mexico; especially rich in specimens from the central United States and California. The Per A. Rydberg herbarium, consisting of specimens from the Rocky Mountain region and Sweden. 36 The Lewis R. Gibbes herbarium, representing the flowering plants of the southeastern United States and many of the sea­ weeds of the Atlantic coast. The Peter V LeRoy herbarium, consisting of North American and European plants. The Harry Edwards herbarium, mainly Californian. The Anna M. Vail herbarium, made up chiefly of plants from the eastern United States. The Francis E. Lloyd herbarium, consisting of specimens from the Pacific slope, and some plants from eastern North America. In addition to the foregoing, many thousand specimens have been secured by exchanges of duplicate material with institutions and individuals. The total number of herbarium specimens secured by the Garden since its inception, exclusive of the Ellis fungi, amounts to fully 98,000. The Columbia University herbarium, one of the oldest, and in itself one of the largest in America, contains over 600,000 speci­ mens. This herbarium was begun early in the century by Dr. John Torrey, and contains the material upon which his classic bo­ tanical writings, extending over half a century, were based. Upon his death, in 1873, this collection came into the possession of Columbia College. On this as a foundation the present Colum­ bia herbarium was built. Mr. John J. Crooke presented two valuable collections to Columbia ; the one that of Professor C. F. Meisner, of Basle, Switzerland, one of the world's leading botanists, the other that of the late Dr. A. W. Chapman, of Apalachicola, Florida, in which are contained the specimens upon which Dr. Chapman founded his " Flora of the Southern United States." A few years later the mosses, and many of the hepatics and lichens accumulated by Mr. C. F. Austin, came into the pos­ session of Columbia, while the latest acquisition of great size and importance, secured through the kindness of friends of the uni­ versity, was the famous collection of mosses brought together from all parts of the world by the late Dr. J. G. Jaeger, of Switz­ erland. To this ample nucleus, Dr. Torrey's successor, Dr. N. L. Britton, while professor at Columbia, and his associates, added continually by securing collections from all parts of the globe, and by special collecting trips to various parts of North America. The most complete sets o'f specimens secured on two note­ worthy South American journeys of exploration are here pre­ served ; the one trip was that made by Dr. Rusby through the Andes of Bolivia, the other that of Mr. Morong in Paraguay and Chili. It is to be seen that the Columbia and Garden herbaria supple­ ment each other admirably and together form the largest collec­ tion in America. FIG. 8.—Floor plan of herbarium suite. The herbarium room has about 3,995 square feet of floor space.
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