Plectranthus Amboinicus (Lour) Spreng
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A Facile Approach for the Synthesis of Cobalt
|| Volume 5 || Issue 6 || June 2020 || ISO 3297:2007 Certified ISSN (Online) 2456-3293 A FACILE APPROACH FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF COBALT NANOPARTICLES FROM PLECTRANTHUS AMBOINICUS LEAF EXTRACT AND IT’S POTENTIAL IN BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS Amutha Malaichamy1 Sathya N.2 Assistant Professor of Chemistry V.V.Vanniaperumal College for women Virudhunagar, 626701India1 PG student of Chemistry V.V.Vanniaperumal College for women Virudhunagar, 626701 India2 [email protected]. [email protected] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract: Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. This research work has aimed at achieving the synthesis of metal nanoparticles by using the leaf extract of the Plectranthus amboinicus(Oma valli). Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of the plant revealed the various bioactive compounds like Saponins, Polyuronides reducing compounds; alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosides. Leaf extracts of P.A. and various concentration of Cobalt chloride hexahydrate (0.02M, 0.04M, 0.06M, and 0.08M) were prepared. 25 mL of the Plectranthus amboinicus was added to each concentration of cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate in 1:1 ratio. The mixture was then subjected to heating process which leads to the formation of nanoparticles in various extract concentrations. The nanoparticles formed were subjected to IR and UV studies. Antibacterial activity was carried out on well diffusion method for Pseudomonas and Streptococcus bacteria at different concentrations. Minimum inhibitory zone was found only in Pseudomonas at the concentrations 0.04M and 0.08M (at 50μL both shows zone of inhibition 0.8mm, but at 100μL 0.04M shows slightly higher inhibition of 1mm 0.9mm). -
A New Species of Plectranthus (Lamiaceae) from Saudi Arabia
Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2016) 40: 506-513 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1601-8 A new species of Plectranthus (Lamiaceae) from Saudi Arabia 1,2, Kadry ABDEL KHALIK * 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt Received: 06.01.2016 Accepted/Published Online: 19.03.2016 Final Version: 19.07.2016 Abstract: Plectranthus hijazensis Abdel Khalik (Lamiaceae) is described as a new species from Al-Baha Province in Saudi Arabia. Information given on the new species includes a taxonomic description and its affinity to Plectranthus asirensis L. A key to Plectranthus species of Saudi Arabia is provided, and the relationships of the species and the relevant morphological characters, particularly seed, pollen grains, trichomes, and anatomy of stem and leaf, are discussed. A distribution map of the new species and related species is provided. Key words: Plectranthus, Lamiaceae, new species, pollen, seed, anatomy 1. Introduction (KSU, K, and E) and also with collected specimens found Lamiaceae is a large family that spread widely and adapted in the relevant literature (Collenette, 1999; Chaudhary, to nearly all habitats and altitudes. The genus Plectranthus 2001). Based on the comparative morphological studies L. is one of the largest genera of Lamiaceae and belongs conducted by the author, specimens from Al-Baha to the subfamily Nepetoideae, tribe Ocimeae, and subtribe Province were found to represent a species new to science. Plectranthinae. Plectranthus comprises about 300 species A map is provided showing the distribution of Plectranthus distributed in both tropical and warm regions of the hijazensis Abdel Khalik and related species based on the Old World (Codd, 1985; Retief, 2000). -
Plectranthus: a Genus Chosen for New Plant Development Through Tissue Culture and Somaclonal Variation©
412 Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators’ Society, Volume 57, 2007 Plectranthus: A Genus Chosen for New Plant Development Through Tissue Culture and Somaclonal Variation© Ockert Greyvenstein and Mark Bridgen Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 U.S.A. Email: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Plectranthus, an Old World genus, is a group of herbaceous plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family and consists of about 350 known species distributed throughout summer rainfall areas of Africa, Madagascar, India, Australia, and a few of the Pacific islands (Van Jaarsveld, 2006). Plectranthus are mostly soft, low-growing semi-succulent to succulent herbs or shrubs, some with unusually beautiful tubular flowers ranging in color from blue, violet, white, and pink (Brits et al., 2001). The name Plectranthus literally means spurflower (plectron = spur and anthos = flower) and refers to the spur at the base of the corolla tube ofPlectranthus fruitico- sus. This species was the first plant in this genus to be described (Codd, 1975). This name is confusing because only a couple of the species in the genus have this spur. Plectranthus is a very diverse group of plants with some of the species converging into other genera. DNA studies are needed to clarify some of the taxonomic confu- sion within this genus. Plectranthus has been referred to as a “horticulturally neglected” genus (Van Jaarsveld, 2006) and many species of the commercially grown Plectranthus have had very little or no improvement via plant breeding. A small number of the south- ern African Plectranthus has been known and grown in the U.S.A. -
Antimicrobial Activity of Coleus Ambonicus Herbal Finish on Cotton Fabric DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.2854
Mariappan Gobalakrishnan*, Dhandapani Saravanan Antimicrobial Activity of Coleus ambonicus Herbal Finish on Cotton Fabric DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.2854 Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Abstract Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India-638401 An extract obtained from Coleus ambonicus was applied on cotton fabric by means of the * E-mail: [email protected] exhaust, micro encapsulation and nano encapsulation methods, and the antimicrobial activity of the finished fabric assessed quantitatively by the AATCC test method 100 against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) microbes. The fi- nish applied on the the samples using all three methods exhibit a good bacterial reduction percentage. The finish applied on the samples using all three methods possesses a higher bacterial reduction percentage against gram positive microbes than gram negative, even after washing. The method of washing conforms to ISO method 3. The wash durability of the antimicrobial activity was assessed by the bacterial reduction percentage after washing. The wash durability of the samples using the direct exhaust method was very poor and it lost its antimicrobial activity after 10 wash cycles. The wash durability of the samples using the micro encapsulated method shows antimicrobial activity up to 10 wash cycles, dropping gradually to very low levels at 20 wash cycles. The wash durability of the samples using nano encapsulation shows good antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and gram negative microbes even after 30 washes. Key words: Coleus ambonicus, cotton, micro encapsulation, nano encapsulation, antimi- crobial activity, bacterial reduction %, FTIR spectrum, wash durability. release mechanism. The nano encapsula- Preparation of herbal Coleus tion method of finishing provides a high ambonicus extract surface area and extends the shelf-life of Collected Coleus ambonicus herbal the finish on cotton [11, 12]. -
Constitutive and Facultative Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) in Cuban Oregano, Coleus Amboinicus (Lamiaceae)
CSIRO PUBLISHING Functional Plant Biology, 2021, 48, 647–654 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP20127 Constitutive and facultative crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in Cuban oregano, Coleus amboinicus (Lamiaceae) Klaus Winter A,C, Aurelio Virgo A, Milton GarciaA, Jorge ArandaA and Joseph A. M. Holtum A,B ASmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama. BCollege of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. CCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Plants exhibiting the water-conserving crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway provide some of the most intriguing examples of photosynthetic diversity and plasticity. Here, a largely unnoticed facet of CAM-plant photosynthesis is highlighted: the co-occurrence of ontogenetically controlled constitutive and environmentally controlled facultative CAM in a species. Both forms of CAM are displayed in leaves of Coleus amboinicus Lour. (Lamiaceae), a semi-succulent perennial plant with oregano-like flavour that is native to southern and eastern Africa and naturalised elsewhere in the tropics. Under well-watered conditions, leaves assimilate CO2 predominantly by the C3 pathway. They also display low levels of CO2 uptake at night accompanied by small nocturnal increases in leaf tissue acidity. This indicates the presence of weakly expressed constitutive CAM. CAM expression is strongly enhanced in response to drought stress. The drought-enhanced component of CAM is reversible upon rewatering and thus considered to be facultative. In contrast to C. amboinicus, the thin-leaved closely related Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. exhibits net CO2 fixation solely in the light via the C3 pathway, both under well- watered and drought conditions. -
Evolution Along the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Continuum
Review CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/fpb Functional Plant Biology, 2010, 37, 995–1010 Evolution along the crassulacean acid metabolism continuum Katia SilveraA, Kurt M. Neubig B, W. Mark Whitten B, Norris H. Williams B, Klaus Winter C and John C. Cushman A,D ADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS200, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0200, USA. BFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA. CSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama. DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] This paper is part of an ongoing series: ‘The Evolution of Plant Functions’. Abstract. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialised mode of photosynthesis that improves atmospheric CO2 assimilation in water-limited terrestrial and epiphytic habitats and in CO2-limited aquatic environments. In contrast with C3 and C4 plants, CAM plants take up CO2 from the atmosphere partially or predominantly at night. CAM is taxonomically widespread among vascular plants andis present inmanysucculent species that occupy semiarid regions, as well as intropical epiphytes and in some aquatic macrophytes. This water-conserving photosynthetic pathway has evolved multiple times and is found in close to 6% of vascular plant species from at least 35 families. Although many aspects of CAM molecular biology, biochemistry and ecophysiology are well understood, relatively little is known about the evolutionary origins of CAM. This review focuses on five main topics: (1) the permutations and plasticity of CAM, (2) the requirements for CAM evolution, (3) the drivers of CAM evolution, (4) the prevalence and taxonomic distribution of CAM among vascular plants with emphasis on the Orchidaceae and (5) the molecular underpinnings of CAM evolution including circadian clock regulation of gene expression. -
Lamiales – Synoptical Classification Vers
Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.6.2 (in prog.) Updated: 12 April, 2016 A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales Version 2.6.2 (This is a working document) Compiled by Richard Olmstead With the help of: D. Albach, P. Beardsley, D. Bedigian, B. Bremer, P. Cantino, J. Chau, J. L. Clark, B. Drew, P. Garnock- Jones, S. Grose (Heydler), R. Harley, H.-D. Ihlenfeldt, B. Li, L. Lohmann, S. Mathews, L. McDade, K. Müller, E. Norman, N. O’Leary, B. Oxelman, J. Reveal, R. Scotland, J. Smith, D. Tank, E. Tripp, S. Wagstaff, E. Wallander, A. Weber, A. Wolfe, A. Wortley, N. Young, M. Zjhra, and many others [estimated 25 families, 1041 genera, and ca. 21,878 species in Lamiales] The goal of this project is to produce a working infraordinal classification of the Lamiales to genus with information on distribution and species richness. All recognized taxa will be clades; adherence to Linnaean ranks is optional. Synonymy is very incomplete (comprehensive synonymy is not a goal of the project, but could be incorporated). Although I anticipate producing a publishable version of this classification at a future date, my near- term goal is to produce a web-accessible version, which will be available to the public and which will be updated regularly through input from systematists familiar with taxa within the Lamiales. For further information on the project and to provide information for future versions, please contact R. Olmstead via email at [email protected], or by regular mail at: Department of Biology, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA. -
Status of Paliga Auratalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) As Black
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology 2 (2) 2021 121-125 Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology www.crbb-journal.com Status of Paliga auratalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) as black potato pest and its control strategy using natural enemies Erniwatia*, Tiara Sayustib, Woro Anggraitoningsih Noerdjitoa aZoology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science, bAnimal Bioscience Program, Department of Biology, IPB University ABSTRACT Plectranthus rotundifolius (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) is an edible tuber that is widely distributed in Article history: Asia, covering India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Indonesia. P. rotundifolius, which is commonly Received 23 Jul 2020 called black potato in Indonesia, has the potential to be developed for national food Revised 19 Dec 2020 diversification due to its high carbohydrates. However, one of the challenges in black potato Accepted 13 Jan 2021 cultivation is the existence of leaf-eating caterpillar. This study aimed to evaluate the status of Available online 28 Feb 2021 Paliga auratalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larva as an insect pest in black potato plant and to develop the control strategy by using parasitoid as the natural enemies. Observation and Keywords: collection of P. auratalis and other potential insect pests were conducted in 12 black potato plantations located in five provinces of Java island. The life cycle of P. auratalis was observed Paliga auratalis in the laboratory of Zoology Division, Research Centre for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Plectranthus rotundifolius Cryptopimpla Science. Rearing of unhealthy P. auratalis larvae was also conducted to observe the parasitoid. insect pest We identified five moth larvae species that infested black potato plants: Argyrograma sp., parasitoid Pycnarmon cribata, Pleuroptya punctimarginalis, Rehimena diemenalis, and Paliga auratalis. -
Plectranthus: a Plant for the Future? ⁎ L.J
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 77 (2011) 947–959 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Plectranthus: A plant for the future? ⁎ L.J. Rice a, G.J. Brits b, C.J. Potgieter c, J. Van Staden a, a Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa b Brits Nursery, 28 Flamingo Road, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa c Bews Herbarium, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa Abstract The genus Plectranthus (Lamiaceae) is a significant, prolific and extensively used genus in southern Africa. It plays a dominant role in both horticulture and traditional medicine. Some 12 species are documented for their use in treating ailments by various indigenous peoples of southern Africa. It is a firm favourite in gardens and Plectranthus has been bred to further utilise the remarkable diversity of indigenous South African wildflowers with amenity horticultural potential. Although previously subjected to both horticultural (Van Jaarsveld, 2006) and ethnobotanical (Lukhoba et al., 2006) review, Plectranthus is a genus with economic potential in various sectors, and this article aims to review this potential of southern African species. © 2011 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ethnobotany; Flow cytometry; Flowering pot plants; Genetic resources; Plant Breeders' Rights; Plectranthus; Triploid breeding; Wildflowers 1. Introduction home to the species with most promise for horticulture (Van Jaarsveld, 2006). Other prominent areas of diversity are The genus Plectranthus L'Hér. -
A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales
Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.0 (in prog.) Updated: 13 December, 2005 A Synoptical Classification of the Lamiales Version 2.0 (in progress) Compiled by Richard Olmstead With the help of: D. Albach, B. Bremer, P. Cantino, C. dePamphilis, P. Garnock-Jones, R. Harley, L. McDade, E. Norman, B. Oxelman, J. Reveal, R. Scotland, J. Smith, E. Wallander, A. Weber, A. Wolfe, N. Young, M. Zjhra, and others [estimated # species in Lamiales = 22,000] The goal of this project is to produce a working infraordinal classification of the Lamiales to genus with information on distribution and species richness. All recognized taxa will be clades; adherence to Linnaean ranks is optional. Synonymy is very incomplete (comprehensive synonymy is not a goal of the project, but could be incorporated). Although I anticipate producing a publishable version of this classification at a future date, my near-term goal is to produce a web-accessible version, which will be available to the public and which will be updated regularly through input from systematists familiar with taxa within the Lamiales. For further information on the project and to provide information for future versions, please contact R. Olmstead via email at [email protected], or by regular mail at: Department of Biology, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA. Lamiales – Synoptical classification vers. 2.0 (in prog.) Updated: 13 December, 2005 Acanthaceae (~201/3510) Durande, Notions Elém. Bot.: 265. 1782, nom. cons. – Synopsis compiled by R. Scotland & K. Vollesen (Kew Bull. 55: 513-589. 2000); probably should include Avicenniaceae. Nelsonioideae (7/ ) Lindl. ex Pfeiff., Nomencl. -
Nomenclatural Changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a Tale of More Than Two Genera
Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Open access Paton, A., Mwyanyambo, M., Govaerts, R. H.A., Smitha, K., Suddee, S., Phillipson, P. B., Wilson, T. C., Forster, P. I. and Culham, A. (2019) Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera. PhytoKeys, 129. pp. 1-158. ISSN 1314–2003 doi: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86484/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988 Publisher: Pensoft All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 129:Nomenclatural 1–158 (2019) changes in Coleus and Plectranthus: a tale of more than two genera 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera Alan J. Paton1, Montfort Mwanyambo2, Rafaël H.A. Govaerts1, Kokkaraniyil Smitha3, Somran Suddee4, Peter B. Phillipson5, Trevor C. -
Variations in Δ C Rates and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism of Six Coleus Species
British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 6(3): 295-303, 2015, Article no.BJAST.2015.088 ISSN: 2231-0843 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Variations in 13C Rates and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism of Six Coleus species G. V. Ramana1 and K. V. Chaitanya1* 1Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam-530045, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Both authors contributed equally for this study. Authors affirm that this work is in genuine. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2015/14099 Editor(s): (1) Teresa De Pilli, Department of Science of Agriculture of Food of Environnement (SAFE), University of Foggia, Italy. (2) Harry E. Ruda, Centre for Advanced Nanotechnology, University of Toronto, Canada. Reviewers: (1) Chunsong Bao, Hangzhou Botanical Garden, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China. (2) Anonymous, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history.php?iid=766&id=5&aid=7347 Received 18th September 2014 Accepted 5th November 2014 Original Research Article th Published 16 December 2014 ABSTRACT Photosynthetic adaptations and biomass productivity of six Coleus species namely Coleus aromaticus, spicatus, blumei, zeylanicus, forskholii, and ambonicus were studied by determining their photosynthetic rates, Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and carbohydrate levels. CAM metabolism was investigated by studying the activities of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), PEP carboxykinase and diurnal fluctuations of malate dehydrogenase along with levels of total organic acids, malic acid and citric acids. Carbohydrates such as sucrose, starch, glucose and fructose were assayed spectrophotometrically. Significant differences among the six Coleus species were observed in photosynthesis levels and CAM metabolic pathway enzymes whose activities were correlated with the aerial biomass.