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American Magazine The American HORTICULTURAL Magazine winter 1970 / volume 49 / number 1 Journal of the American Horticultural Society, Inc. 2401 CALVERT STREET, N.W. / WASHINGTON, D. c. 20008 For United Horticulture . .. The particular objects and business of the American Horticultural Society are to promote and encourage national in·terest in scientific research and education in horticulture in all of its branches. 1969-1970 EXEOUTIVE COMMITTEE* President Secretary MR. FRED C. GALLE (1970) MRS. FRANCIS PATTESON-KNIGHT (1970) Director of Horticulture Hidden Acres Callaway Gardens 8607 Tebbs Lane Pine Mountain, Georgia 31822 McLean, Virginia 22 101 Tr·easurer and Immediate Past President First Vice President MR. JOHN H. WALKER (1970) DR. DAVID G. LEACH (1970) Execu.tive Director 1674 Trinity Road The Society of American Florists North Madison, Ohio 44057 901 North Washington Street Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Second Vice President DR. NEIL W. STUART (1970) Member of the Board Plant Physiologist DR. HAROLD B. TUKEY, SR. (1970) Crops Research Division PrOfessor Emeritus Agricultural Research Service Michigan State University U. S. Department of Agriculture The Maples Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Woodland, Michigan 48897 Assistant Treasur·er Assistant Secretary MR. GLENN B. EASTBURN MRS. ELIZABETH G. EASTBURN Finance Officer Executive Director Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C . • Members of the 1969·70 Board of Directors per bylaw provision. THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE is the official publication of The American Horticultural Society and is issued during the Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall quarters. The magazine is included as a ben efi t of membership in The American Horticultural Society, individual membership dues being $15.00 a year. THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge in the science and art of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and related subjects. Original papers which increase knowledge of plant materials of economic and aesthetic importance are invited. For manuscript specifications, please address the chairman of the Edi­ torial Committee. Second class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland and at additional mailing offices. Copy· right © 1970 by The American Hortioultural Society, Inc. The o pinions expressed in ~h e articles which appear in The A merican Horticultural Magazine are those of the authors and are not necessarily ~hos e of Ithe Sobety. They are presented as contributions to contemporary thought. 1969-1970 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MR. VINCENT K. BAILEY, (1971) MR. J3R1AN O . .MULLIGAN , (1971) DR. HAROLD B. TUK EY, SR., Public Relations Director (1971 ) Bailey Nurseries, Inc. University of Washington Professl'Jr Emeritus 1325 Bailey Road Arboretum Michigan State Universit) St. Paul, .Minnesota 55119 Seattle, Washington 98105 The Maples Woodland, Michigan 48897 MRS. ERNESTA D. BALLARD, MR. R. H EN RY NORWEB, JR., (1970) (1970) Director, Pennsylvania Horti- Director cultural Society MR. EARL E. VALLOT, (1972) Holden Arboretum Owner-<Manager 325 Walnut Street Sperry Road Philadelphia, Pa. 19106 Grandview Nursery Mentor, Ohio 44060 R. F. D. Box 44 MRS. ERASTUS CORNING, II, MR. JOH N M. PATEK , (1972) Youngsville, Louisiana 70592 (1972) President Box 431 Color Data, Incorporated Albany, New York 12201 434 Mount Airy Drive lVlR. NATHANIEL WHITTIER , MRS. JULIAN W. HILL, (1970) Rochester, New York 14617 (1970) II06 Greenhill Avenue Bridge Street MR. WI1.LIAM A. P. PULLMAN , Medfield, Massachusetts 02052 Wilmington, Delaware 19805 (1972) MR. EDWARD P. HUME, (1971) 700 Mayflower Road Horticulturist Lake Forest, Illinois 60045 DR. FRED B. WIDMaY ER, (1972) Southern Illinois University DR. LEON C. SNYDER, (1972) Head, Department of Edwardsville, Illinois 62025 Head Horticulture DR. LOUIS B. MARTIN, (1970) Department of Horticultural New Mexico State University, Director Science Box 530 Brooklyn Botanic Garden University of Minnesota Las Cruces, New Mexico 88001 1000 Washington Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 Brooklyn, New York 11225 DR. NEIL W. STUART, (1971) DR. DONALD WYM AN , (1970) DR. FREDERICK G. MEYER, (1971) Plant Physiologist Horticulturist Research Botanist in Charge Crops Research Division The Arnold Arboretum of of Herbarium Agricultural Research Service Harvard University U. S. National Arboretum U. S. Department of Agriculutre Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts Washington, D. C. 20002 Beltsville, Maryland 20705 02130 PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY Per bylaw provision (1969), past presidents of the Society are members of the Board of Directors-ex officio and without vote. MR. STUART M. ARMSTRONG DR . JOHN L. CREECH DR . HENRY T. SKIN NER (president 1957-1960) (President 1953-1956) (President 1962-1963) 8117 Park Crest Drive New Crops R esearch Branch, Director, U. S. National Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Plant Industry Station, Arboretum U. S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C. 20002 Beltsville, Maryland 20705 DR. FREEMAN A. WEISS DR. FRED O. CaE (President 1952·1953) (Presiden t 1949-1952) DR. DAVID VICTOR LUMSDEN 1240 Raymond Wav P. O. Box 697 (President 1942-1947) Charleston, S. C. 29407 Ross, California 94957 3296 Gleneagles Drive DR. RICHARD P. WHITE Silver Spdng, Maryland 20906 (Presiden t 1960- I 961) 5367 28th Street N. W . Washington, D. C. 2001 5 DR. DONOVAN S. CORRELL DR. RUSSELL J. SEIBERT (President 1956-1957) (President 1963-1965) MR. WILBUR H . YOUNGMAN Texas Research Foundation Director, Longwood Gardens (Presiden t 1947- 1948) Renner, Texas 75079 Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 12808 Meadowood Drive 214·235-6451 19348 Silver Spring, Maryland 20904 1969-1970 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Chail'man: Dr. Lorenzo F. Kinney, Jr., Professor Emeri­ Dr. Frederick G. Meyer, Botanist in Charge tus, University of Rhode Island, 1213 of the Herbarium, U.S. National Arboretum, Kingston Road, Kingston, Rhode Island Washington, D. C. 20002. 02881 Dr. George H. M. Lawrence, Director, Hunt Vice Chairman: Botanical Library, Carnegie-Mellon Univer­ Mrs. Elsa Uppman Knoll, Senior ~dito~, sity, Pittsburgh, Pennsylv.ania 15213 Sunset j\lIagazine, Menlo Park, Cahforma Dr. Edwin A. Menninger, Horticultural Au­ 94025. thor, Plant Explorer, Drawer 45, Stuart, Florida 33494 Core EditoTS-National Cap,ital Area Mr. Elvin McDonald, Garden Editor, House Dr. J. T. Baldwin, Jr., Professor of Biology, Beautiful, 717 Fifth Avenue, New York, New College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, York 10022 Virginia 23 185 . Dr. John L. Creech, Chief, New Crops Re­ Dr. F. L. Steve O'Rourke, Professor Emeri­ search Branch, Plant Industry Station, U.S. tus, Colorado State University, 2236 Frank­ Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Mary­ lin Road, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80521 land 20705. Mr. Victor H. Ries, PrOfessor Emeritus, Ohio Dr. L. L. Danielson, Leader, Weed Investi­ State University, 1241 Lincoln Road, Co­ gations, Agricutural Research Service, U.S. lumbus, Ohio 43212 Departmen t of Agriculture, Bel tsville, Mary­ Dr. Sigmund L. Solymosy, Professor of Hor­ land 20705. ticulture, Department of Plant Industry, Mr. Robert B. Fisher, Horticulturist, The University of Southwestern Louisiana, La­ Mount Vernon Ladies Association, Mount fayette, Louisiana 70501 Vernon, Virginia 22121. Mr. Robert L. Ticknor, Associate Professor Mr. Anthony R. Gould, Newsletter Editor, of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Men's Garden Club of Montgomery County, Aurora, Oregon 97002 6613 Elgin Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20034. Dr. Harold B. Tukey, Sr., Professor Emeri­ Dr. Conrad B. Link, Professor of Horticul­ tus, Michigan State University, The Maples, ture, University of Maryland, College Park, Woodland, Michigan 48897 Maryland 20742. Dr. Donald P. Watson, Ch.airman, Depart­ Mr. Tom Stevenson, Washington Post.Los ment of Horticulture, University of Hawaii, Angeles Times News Service, Garden Col­ Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 umnist, 6900 Mornington Road, Baltimore, Dr. Fred B. Widmoyer, Head, Department of Maryland 21222. Horticulture, New Mexico State University, Miss Mary Stock, Landscape Gardener, Stock Box 530, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88070 Brothers Nursery, 10500 Boswell Lane, Rock­ Mr. Joseph A. Witt, Assistant Director, Uni­ ville, Maryland 20854. versity of Washington Arboretum, Seattle, Dr. Neil W. Stuart, Plant Physiologist, Crops Washington 98105 Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Con tri buting Editors-FO1 'eign Beltsville, Maryland 20705. Dr. William A. Cumming, Head, Orna­ Mr. Wilbur H. Youngman, Garden Editor, mentals and Fruit Crop Section, C.D.A. Re­ The Washington Star, 12808 Meadowood search Station, P.O. Box 30001, Morden, Drive, Silver Spring, Maryland 20904. Manitoba, Canada Mr. Edmund de Rothschild, International Contributing Editors-United States Banker and Horticulturist, P.O. Box 185- Dr. John P. Baumgardt, Landscape Con­ New Court, St. Swithin's Lane, London E.C. sultant, 3431 East 60th Street, Kansas City, 4, England Missouri 64130 Dr. "Valter Hodge, Head, Science Liaison Dr. R. Milton Carleton, Research Director, Staff, National Science Foundation, c/ o Growth Systems, Inc., Glenview, Illinois American Embassy, Tokyo, Japan 60025 Mr. Julien Marnier-Lapostolle, Associate Dr. Fred W. Coe, Amateur Horticulturist, Member of the Museum of Paris; Pro­ Box 697, Ross, California 94597 prietaire, Jardin Botanique "Les Cedres," Mrs. Erastus Corning, II, Amateur Horticul. St. Jean, Cap Ferat, France (A.M.) turist, Box 431, Albany, New York 12201 Mr. Tor G. Nitzelius, Curator, Gothenburg Dr. Robert L. Egolf, Student Health Serv­ Botanic Garden, Gothenburg,
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