INTERNATIONAL WATERLILY AND WATER SOCIETY WATER JOURNAL Volume 18, No. 2 Summer 2003

Contents

2 – From your President 2 – From your Editor 3 – News and Updates 4 – ‘Name That Lily’ Results 5 – News Snippets 5 – Alien Invaders 5 – WebWatch 8 – In Memoriam – William C. Frase 9 – UK Conference Highlights 10 – Book Review 11 – Questionnaire Results 12 – Tales From Thailand – Dr Slearmlarp Wasuwat 14 – Commercial Members 15 – Profile – Myosotis scorpioides 16 – Society Details

Page 2 The Journal, Volume 18 No.2

• The registration project expects to FROM YOUR PRESIDENT begin registering waterlilies in July. • The journals are arriving on schedule and chock full of interesting information. • The IWGS has been invited to participate in a conference on Nelumbo by the Thai government By now I’m sure you are all aware that the 2003 and Cathy Green has volunteered to represent us. IWGS Symposium in Toronto has been postponed. • Several research projects have been funded and This was a very difficult decision by your board of feedback will be reported in future Journals. directors; however, I believe they made the right • Our first ever ‘Name That Lily’ contest was decision. The SARS situation, whether perceived or successful and generated substantial funds and real, was severe enough to prevent many people publicity for the IWGS. from attending the conference. It would be a shame And many more projects are underway. to waste Toronto, such a terrific venue for a symposium, on a poorly attended event. The board I have enjoyed serving as your president for the last does expect to visit Toronto some time in the future two years. I have enjoyed working with both the for a symposium. For those of you that would like to board and non-board volunteers and would like to get together with other IWGS members this year, thank each of you for your devotion and hard work many members will be attending Pondapalooza in for the IWGS cause. Let me assure our membership Atlanta. For more information see our News section. that your board will elect a new president that is very capable and that the IWGS will continue without I would like to take this opportunity to thank the interruption. You have a strong board and with them Ontario Water Garden Society, Susan Davis and the this association will continue to build upon itself. I Symposium committee, and everyone else who have said this before, but let me remind you that this helped, for all their effort in planning this event. I do is an all-volunteer association (except our executive hope everyone will be willing to help when we return director) so we rely on you, the members, to to Toronto in the future. The Ontario Water Garden accomplish its goals. Volunteers are needed and Society does plan to continue with an event of their required to make this association work. Volunteering own so if anyone is interested in attending, contact can be fun and rewarding so please volunteer. Email them – details in our News section. or call Paula ([email protected] or 941-756-0880) today and let her know you would like to pitch in. Because of the SARS situation the committee felt it best to cancel our annual New Waterlily For my last time – Happy pond keeping, Competition. I would like to thank Andy Lohaza, The Brad McLane – President Niagara Parks Botanical and everyone who [email protected] helped, for all the effort on this important project. When the decision was made to cancel the competition there were already 5 waterlilies on site. FROM YOUR EDITOR Andy and the folks at Niagara Parks plan to grow and show these as an in-house project with no competition, so if you are in the neighborhood please stop by and enjoy these new cultivars. For more The recent questionnaire shows that we are united by information on viewing the new lilies contact Andy our passion for waterplants. I hope that you have a ([email protected] or 905-980-4488) and he will really successful growing season. Why not take the direct you. time to share the secrets of your success – in growing a new plant, or hybridising with a difficult genus. Use I am saddened to say this is my last message as your membership directory to meet up with other president because my 2-year term ends in August. members; send us an article; or sign up with our Although we have had to postpone many plans, there pondlist (p.8). We look forward to hearing from you! are still lots of good things going on within the IWGS. • Paula Biles has been employed as our executive James Allison – [email protected] director for more than a year. She is a pleasure to work with and if you call or email IWGS headquarters you’ll get prompt and informative answers. The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2 Page 3

Scheduled events include opportunities for socializing: NEWS & UPDATES an evening with entertainment at Wakoola Water Gardens on Monday, and a banquet the following evening, followed by an auction.

There is an optional tour to water garden centres and SYMPOSIUM 2003 POSTPONED Atlanta Botanical Gardens on Wednesday 30th, and The IWGS Board has closely followed the health the possibility for an informal IWGS dinner on concerns raised by the outbreak of Severe Acute Wednesday evening. The Southern Nursery Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Toronto. The Association trade show (including WaterWorld) Board met twice in teleconference to discuss the issue follows the conference and runs from July 31 to and to consider the best interests of the membership. August 2.

Following a resurgence, during late May, of worries A Pondapalooza brochure is available online at about SARS in Toronto, the IWGS Board took the www.pondkeeper.com and has been mailed to US decision to postpone this year’s symposium. The members. Foreign members can contact (941) 756- team preparing for this symposium has put in a great 0880 or [email protected] to have one mailed or faxed. deal of work and had come up with a great programme. This shall not be wasted as we now b) Local Options intend to visit Toronto for a future annual Since we won't be having our annual symposium in symposium, possibly in 2006 or before. (Our 2004 2003, the Board encourages members (individuals, symposium was planned for Florida, USA.) affiliated societies, and businesses) to host informal regional activities e.g. arranging visits and tours of This year’s Annual Competition for New Waterlilies local water gardens, plant exhibits and lectures. This has been cancelled, though Niagara Parks will provide a way for sharing information at a local Commission School of Horticulture will continue to level. Please visit the IWGS website at www.iwgs.org grow the lilies received for display. for the latest details on what is on offer.

Canada SYMPOSIUM ALTERNATIVES Although the Toronto symposium will not be held a) Pondapalooza this August, the Ontario Water Garden Society is The Society by-laws require annual Board and going to go ahead with an educational event on General Membership meetings. Many of our Saturday 9th August called 'Ponds and Plants 2003'. members will be in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, for Pondapalooza, a national conference for the water It will be a full day packed with speakers, auction, gardening trade. We therefore plan to hold the board BBQ and informal gatherings around the Civic meeting on Sunday, 27th July (the day before this Garden Centre (Toronto Botanical Garden). The conference begins) and the General Membership students of the Niagara Parks Commission School of meeting at lunch on Monday the 28th. It is not Horticulture are continuing to grow out the lilies sent necessary to sign up to Pondapalooza to attend these in for the competition at the Niagara Park Botanical two IWGS meetings which are open to all members. Gardens, and Andy Lohaza is planning on bringing at See the journal back page for venue details. least some of them to Toronto to view during the lunch and breaks. Since networking is so important to us, we encourage members to sign up for Pondapalooza, which has Anyone interested can contact the Ontario Water seminars on 28 & 29th July. There are more than a Garden Society at www.onwatergarden.com or 416- dozen sessions scheduled, including: Pumps & 422-2164, Email [email protected], or register Plumbing by Deb Spencer; Hybrids & Hybridisation with Ann Michalek, (416) 425-3329. If you are by Pat Nutt; For the Love of Lotus by Cathy Green; interested in doing anything in the Niagara Region Pond Construction Techniques by Rolf & Peter before or after the event, contact Andy Lohaza Nelson; Island Planters by Kelly Billing; a plant directly through Email at [email protected] propagation workshop; a plant propagation forum; and a talk by Anthony Archer-Wills. A Book Mart IWGS RESEARCH GRANTS will be open during the conference. The Research Committee (Chair: Donald Padgett, Ph.D.) received two grant proposals for consideration Page 4 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2 this year. Both proposals focused on the ecology of Bladderworts (Utricularia) and the committee's RESULTS OF THE FIRST review of the proposals was unanimous and favourable for both. We expect a written report of IWGS ‘NAME THAT LILY’ the research findings next year. COMPETITION

Details of the application procedure for our research awards are on the website: CARLA'S SONSHINE http://www.iwgs.org/research/iwgsresearch.htm Nymphaea ‘Carla's SonShine’ is the winning name for You may want to mention this to any the bright yellow tropical lily with mottled leaves that students/researchers you know of in aquatic circles, appeared on the back cover of our last journal. before our 2004 awards are made next March.

Congratulations to Greg Wittstock who placed the

winning bid in the competition. The lily was named for his wife Carla and their two sons.

The lily itself is unusual in being a ‘viviparous’ yellow tropical [See the discussion on this term in our WebWatch article on page 5]. For decades there were only blue and pink ‘viviparous’ Nymphaea. The eminent tropical hybridiser George Pring, developed the first yellow viviparous hybrid at Missouri Botanical Gardens around 1941. Unfortunately his cultivar, 'Sunbeam', has been lost to the trade.

NATIONAL WATER GARDENING MONTH Since then numerous hybridisers have been working In association with a number of groups based in the to develop yellow, white, and sunset coloured USA, the IWGS has supported July as ‘National ‘vivips’. ‘Carla’s SonShine’ is one of the first fruits Water Gardening Month’. The aim is to promote from such hybridising efforts by Brad and Bruce water gardening in general, throughout the USA. McLane of Florida Aquatic Nurseries. You can read The promotion includes posters, informational more about the development of this lily on our consumer handouts, a three-minute, continuous play website at: consumer video, and a booklet to assist garden centre http://www.iwgs.org/namethatlily/ntlbio.htm retailers in local education and promotional efforts. The competition has raised valuable funds for the Three aquatic plants were also selected as the first Society and we hope to hold one again at some stage ‘Aquatic Plant Selections’ by an IWGS Selection in the future. Committee. For 2003 these were Nymphaea

‘Colorado’ (hardy), Nymphaea ‘Panama Pacific’ (tropical) and Colocasia esculenta ‘Black Magic’ (tropical marginal). The plants were chosen based on their outstanding appearance, reliable performance over a wide variety of growing zones and conditions, and their ready availability in the USA. The plants will be featured on all of the promotional materials. Interested retailers/organisations can contact the IWGS office in Florida for further information.

The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2 Page 5

‘Invasive Alien Species in Africa's Wetlands’ is a new NEWS SNIPPETS FROM booklet produced by Geoff Howard and Susan Matindi, on behalf of IUCN, the Ramsar Convention OTHER PUBLICATIONS on Wetlands, and the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP). AND THE WEB It looks in depth at a number of problem species, including water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes, water ALGICIDES WITHDRAWN lettuce Pistia stratiotes, water fern Salvinia molesta, Further to the items in previous journals, over 30 Louisiana crayfish Procambarus clarkii, common carp brands of pond and aquarium algicide will have been th Cyprinus carpio, and Azolla among others. removed from sale in the UK by the 25 July to Discussions also range over plants that are considered conform with new legislation. Only five brands are to be potential future problems such as pickerel weed officially listed as still available whilst they undergo and parrot’s feather. further approval. Algae controls based on flocculants, http://www.ramsar.org/w.n.invasives_book1.htm nutrient restrictors and unprocessed barley straw are not currently affected by this legislation. http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/citizen/enforcement/aq ALIEN INVADERS – EUROPE uaart.htm ‘Aquatic Invasive Species of Europe - Distribution, Impacts and Management’ is a new book edited by This revoking of approval of treatments is in keeping Erkki Leppäkoski et al (Kluwer Academic Publishers with new biocidal legislation throughout Europe. This (2002), ISBN 1-4020-0837-6). It includes an is likely to affect a number of other pond and fish extensive list of c.700 introduced aquatics, including treatments over the coming months and years. Those around 30 serious weeds possibly spread through the treatments already accepted for future review should aquatic trade, though some of its conclusions will be remain available for ten years. contentious (Nymphaea caerulaea and N. lotus http://www.hse.gov.uk/hthdir/noframes/bioindex.ht considered serious weeds in ?). Helpfully, m the full list is also available on the web at: http://www.ku.lt/nemo/aqua_app_wallentinus.pdf The removal of a number of professional herbicides from the market has also raised concerns that some alien invasive species will now be much more difficult WEBWATCH to control. Similar controls on chemicals are being introduced in a number of countries worldwide. OTES FROM THE ONDLIST N IWGS P COMPILED BY WAYNE MORROW

ALIEN INVADERS ‘VIVIPAROUS’ LILIES

Paula [email protected] in SW Florida began a

discussion on viviparous lilies by asking:

‘… I've wondered if there is a botanical name for the ALIEN INVADERS - USA little nub that develops into a new plantlet on The USA is tightening up its laws on the introduction viviparous lilies. (A friend of mine calls them and spread of alien invasive plants and animals. The "chubby nubbies.") Does anyone know what they're National Aquatic Invasive Species Act of 2003 called?’ (NAISA) is an extension of legislation aimed at preventing introductions in ships’ ballast water. Paula compiled some of the answers: However the new legislation could have far reaching ‘… the umbilicus….’ implications for the aquatic trade and all those ‘… Viviparous leaf node or leaf sinus…’ introducing new species. With $170 million funding ‘They are incorrectly called viviparous plantlets. Since earmarked for controls, it will be important to closely they are not associated with floral structures, this is monitor how this legislation is implemented. incorrect. I call them epiphyllous plantlets.’ http://www.nemw.org/laws Our Registrar, Andrew Doran responded: ALIEN INVADERS - AFRICA ‘The nub that is the start of the new plantlet is just adventitious meristem. Waterlilies are not truly Page 6 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2 viviparous. True vivipary is most classically illustrated with mangroves Rhizophora spp. Rhizophoraceae. Betsy Sakata [email protected] confirmed that While the fruit persists on the parent plant, the ‘Keiki is a Hawaiian word (not Japanese) and embryo forms an extremely long hypocotyl. The according to Samuel H. Elbert's "Spoken Hawaiian", seedling will eventually drop from the plant, root in it means child and is pronounced 'kei-kee'. surrounding mangrove swamp mud or colonize a in Hawaii have used keiki to refer to any different site. plantlet, sucker, cutting or form of growth that can grow into an adult plant.’ Betsy noted that these are Vivipary in flowering plants is defined as the found on ‘…waterlilies, anthuriums, taro, and Irises, precocious and continuous growth of the offspring …. It definitely is not a "technical name for the pre- when still attached to the maternal parent.’ vivip nub?". The search for that continues.

Rich Sacher [email protected] added: Your author noticed one on my Wintered over Taro: ‘From its Latin roots, viviparous mean to give birth to Speaking of which, there is a keiki on one of the Taro a live offspring...used especially as applied those few pouting by the window at work… fish and reptiles which give birth to live young, instead of laying eggs. Guppies, for instance are David Cutright [email protected] returned the viviparous, while Angelfish are egg layers. Since subject to lilies: ‘Regarding Tom Kiehl's viviparous means to give birth to completely formed [email protected] mention ….of the two offspring, it is not misapplied to waterlilies, in my daughter plants (on ‘August Koch’) emerging from a opinion. Epiphyllous (from the Greek roots meaning single leaf, I have seen this on ‘Tina’ a couple of "upon a leaf") is a more descriptive term than times. They were easy to separate from one another viviparous, however, especially when referring to once they grew out and developed their own roots. plants, rather than animals. But "epiphyllous plantlet" is a mouthful to say...or spell! One interesting thing that frequently occurs with vivip. buds is that they seem to fasciate at some point By the way, a viviparous plantlet which sometimes in their development, producing many small plants occurs on a flower stalk in orchids is pronounced along one edge of the bulb. These are not "keekee" but it may be spelled "kei-kei" (Ask an particularly easy to separate until some of them grow orchid grower for sure!)…. While this plantlet may out and become independent plantlets. Unlike described as viviparous, it cannot be called hardies that fasciate, these will grow out to become epiphyllous, since it is NOT on a leaf, but rather full-sized, normal plants. grew from a stem. So I guess it could be a "ramiphyllous" plantlet. (From the Latin ramos, or INVASIVE WATERLILIES & KOI stem) …. Rich Sacher mentioned that ‘N. mexicana may soon be banned in South America as an invasive species. There is a fern called the "Piggy back" fern, because Meantime, it is becoming hard to find in North it makes little miniatures of itself in great abundance America! N. mexicana ‘Cape Canaveral’ is very rare, on the tops of its older leaves. There are other plants and as far as I know, no one has ever done any which do the same thing. Maybe we should call our hybridising with it. [Betsy Sakata notes that both Kirk viviparous lilies "piggybacks"? Strawn and Bill Frase used ‘canaveralensis’.] Andre Leu mentions that N. caerulea is a banned species in One of the orchid growers familiar with the Australia, while in South America, Jacques is growing phenomenon [email protected] picked up on N. caerulea as a pure species….’ the pronunciation: ‘…several ways of pronouncing Kei-Kei is acceptable. Rich went on to argue the case for a proposed Some growers spell it Ki Ki ……. I have also seen it bank for waterlilies… ‘so their genes will not be lost spelled Kiki…’ when their habitats are threatened by development. But what protocols should regulate the distribution of Garet Uemura [email protected] from Hawaii these ? …. what do we do about not sending pointed out that Keiki is the Hawaiian term for child. seeds into countries where some of the species may Both Wayne [email protected] and Dirk be banned? What sort of legal liabilities may result if Rosenberg [email protected] noted that Keiki is a our seed bank unknowingly introduces banned species term also used to describe the suckers or daughters of into a country where they become a problem? If we the banana plant. keep species seeds separate from hybrid seeds, will The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2 Page 7 that solve the problem? I think we need to think this that hyacinths are soon to follow. This is not through very carefully. altogether bad unless, like me, you are in the business of selling them. I am in the habit of telling people Andre mentioned to me that quarantine officials in that if they ever decide to get rid of their plants for Australia not only ban N. caerulea...they do not even any reason, that they should destroy them or give want anything with caerulea in its parentage! It must them to a responsible party. Anything but throw be quite a pest there.’ them into the local creek out of compassion for them. As awareness of this problem increases around Paula Biles reminded list members of reference lists of the world we will see more bans, not just of aquatics, what aquatic plants are considered invasive or but of other landscape plants, as well. The glory days noxious weeds. An article in journal Vol 17:3 has a of uninhibited trading are probably over. table and is also on the IWGS website. Ken Landon [email protected] is also an Andre Leu [email protected] continued: advocate for a seedbank: ‘It has been suggested that a ‘N. caerulea (Wrongly identified as N. capensis and solution for the species Nymphaea invasion dilemma N. stellata in some texts) is the dominant lily in the is to just not export or import any taxon ….. But that regions of northern New South Wales and southern would be a bit boring wouldn't it? …..we need a Queensland and is continuing to spread. It is International Index Seminum (seed bank) for our displacing the southern populations of N. gigantea. vanishing species. …..We are losing our species This could be a serious problem as N. caerulea is Nymphaea at an alarming rate worldwide. I know more vigorous than N. gigantea. The southern forms because in many cases I’ve been there. Case in point of N. gigantea are the only native Australian if anyone anywhere has a yellow flowered tropical Nymphaea that are endemic in the sub tropical areas species, especially from Africa, please let me below the tropic of Capricorn. know….’

Regarding the possible banning N. mexicana in South Jon Sou [email protected] had difficulties Africa. There is also talk of banning N. mexicana in obtaining certain plants in Australia: ‘…when I tried Australia due to an unamed mexicana hybrid importing hybrid seeds of bowl lotus, the authorities invading some areas on the east coast of Australia, thought it was Nelumbo lutea (Native American especially in the Sydney area. This lily is growing Lotus - which has been banned from importation into mostly in areas where there are no native Nymphaea Australia - both seed and plant). It took me quite a so it is unclear if it is causing the displacement of while to convince them and demonstrate to them native aquatic species.’ that seeds from Nelumbo lutea are different to those of the bowl lotus - shape & size etc. Explaining the banning of N. caerulea: ‘Barre [Hellquist] had told me about the confusion as I once had Euryale ferox [the Gorgon Plant, aka to the identity of the introduced Nymphaea in Prickly Waterlily, (one of my favorites)] undergo Eastern Australia that has been described as N. treatment in quarantine... out of about 50 seeds.... I caerulea subsp. zanzibarensis. It is due to different only got one that survived….to a full size plant names used in several publications that our ...unfortunately, it didn't make it through that quarantine authorities banned the importation of Winter. both N. caerulea and N. stellata and hybrids with their parentage.’ ... Even Koi fishes are banned from importation and selling in most of the states within Australia with the David Curtright pointed out that ‘.…this is an issue exception of NSW (Sydney area) and WA (Perth that is not limited to Nymphaeas. We should all be area)….. aware that most aquatic plants are weeds somewhere, and that given half a chance, they will invade any The topic of fish releases gave rise to quite a bit more area that is conducive to their growth. The nursery discussion from a number of list members including a industry has a lot to answer for in this regard. I live in note from Linda Siler ‘…. [Koi] will be soon banned southern California, which is replete with exotic from parts of Minnesota and Michigan in the U.S.. It species because of our mild climate. This has become seems some careless people have released their excess an issue recently in regard to some of the more Koi in the waterways a few years back and now they invasive floating plants. Both of the Frogbits, Pistia, are growing and multiplying like crazy and causing and Salvinia have been banned recently and I am sure problems for the native fish…..anyone caught Page 8 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2 releasing Koi or Goldfish in our natural waterways [will] be fined ….. this problem is a growing IN MEMORIAM concern.’ This topic gave rise to quite a bit more William C. Frase Rounding off the topic of invasive plants Linda Patience asked how she could ‘…rid my ponds of th Azolla, what a plague. I can't get any of my goldfish William (Bill) C. Frase died on the 9 May in to eat it. I manage a water garden center so can't use Orlando, Florida at the age of 90. An accomplished a lot of chemicals to kill it off, it was brought in on botanist, entomologist and hybridiser, he was some lilys I purchased about 5 years ago and it has inducted into the Society’s Hall of Fame in 1998. been a real pain … . since then I have been very careful to clean off plants I have shipped in for Bill had an incredible expanse of knowledge on water resale.’ gardening and was always ready to help others by sharing his knowledge and his plants. He was also a Paula Biles responded: ‘Some retailers have reported contributor to the society’s web list, and helped a that you can kill [Azolla] by fertilizing it with number of members in their research and hybridising common plant food, e.g., Miracle Grow, as it does efforts. His introductions include the tropical not like ammonia. Another method that sometimes Nymphaea ‘Teri Dunn’, N. ‘Floyd Wolfarth’ and N. works is to spray it with a very weak solution of ‘Laura Frase’. horticultural oil with a drop or two of dishwashing liquid. Since this plant is really a fern, it also Bill’s interests also extended to bromeliads, and a propagates by spores. And one variety is such a number of his hybrids are highly regarded. problem (Azolla pinnata) that it's on the Federal Noxious Weed List. Bill built up many warm friendships with fellow water gardeners over the years and he will be greatly I've read that Nuphar is alleopathic and kills off missed. Our sympathy extends to Laura his wife, and duckweed. Perhaps you could experiment and find children Chappy and Enid. the right plant to work against azolla. My Koi will eat it, but only after all the duckweed is gone.’ [This author buys azolla for goldfish to eat.][Azolla, with its nitrogen fixing symbiotic blue-green algae, is grown and used as a fertilizer in China.]

If you would like to sign up to our popular Email list (which now combines discussion on general pond, waterlily and waterplant information with Victoria) visit: www.iwgs.org/services/emailist.htm

Photo: Paula Biles

Memorial gifts in Bill’s honour may be sent to the IWGS Memorial Fund through the IWGS office in Florida (address on back page).

The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2 Page 9

a glass box with fish. Japanese aquascaper Takashi HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE Amano has had a strong influence on the growth of this style of planting, bringing a Japanese garden OATA CONFERENCE layout into the aquarium. The hobbyist has also been helped by the introduction of improved lighting options and carbon dioxide dosing systems which The Ornamental Aquatic Trade Association held its both greatly boost plant growth, along with first conference in Hull, UK, in November 2002. A availability of specialist planting media, fertilizers, number of international speakers covered a wide planting tools and books. The internet has played a range of topics including trade and conservation. major role in the spread of information. Hobbyists Some water garden related highlights are outlined can now grow more ‘difficult’ plants and are here: demanding a larger range of better quality plants, which they are prepared to pay extra for. INVASIVE AQUATICS IN THE UK Martin Harper from charity Plantlife spoke on the Trends include the increase in demand for plants dangers of invasive plants. In perspective, only ready-grown on pieces of bogwood and lava rock, around 0.1% of non-native species might pose capable of being transferred directly into the problems when imported, but these problems could aquarium as a focal point. Hybridisers have also be serious. He went on to outline his personal top ten created many new cultivars, with over 30 varieties of aquatics for removal from sale in the UK. Echinodorus (sword plant) introduced in the past few Controversially this included a number of tropical years. New species are still coming onto the market plants such as Pistia, Eichhornia, Salvinia and e.g Pellia endiviaefolia, similar to Riccia but easier to Cabomba, not normally thought capable of surviving grow, and a number of plants imported from Cuba. UK winters, plus the widely sold ‘goldfish weed’ Lagarosiphon major. Some plants such as Azolla KOI HERPES VIRUS (KHV) filiculoides and Lemna minuta (often a contaminant Oren Gilead from the School of Veterinary on other aquatics) were so entrenched as to be Medicine, University of California, spoke on KHV, impossible to clear completely, but in Plantlife’s which he has been working on with R.P.Hedrick’s opinion should be banned from sale. His top three, team. Mass mortalities of fish from KHV were first Parrot’s feather, Hydrocotyle ranunculoides and reported in 1998, with up to 100% mortality in Crassula helmsii are now already on voluntary ban carp when fish were exposed at water temperatures lists of the RHS and OATA [but still available for sale of 22-24C. [KHV has sent shockwaves through the if you look hard enough]. koi hobby, though incidents of the disease around the world have been patchy]. Fish may show no external AQUARIUM PLANTS IN EUROPE signs other than an apparent gill disease, and Martin Petersen from Danish aquarium plant concurrent bacterial infections may or may not be producer Tropica, spoke on trends in the aquarium present. Polypeptide analysis showed that KHV was plant world. Tissue culture is becoming an important different to the other herpes virus of carp, Cyprinid route for production of the more unusual plants, one Herpes Virus [the more benign Carp Pox]. major advantage being the exclusion of disease causing fungi, bacteria and insects. Many varieties of Following exposure, the timespan to onset of disease plant are grown ‘over’ water rather than underwater is related to temperature. Mass mortalities can occur where they would normally be found, as this gives within 7–10 days at temperatures of 23-28C, but at firmer plants that better survive transport to 18C these may take 20 days to appear, with the full customers. Within Europe, each country has different extent of mortalities taking five weeks or longer. The favourite plants and different approaches to disease can remain latent at lower temperatures. marketing aquarium plants. The bulk of the market is Vaccine trials have so far not proved effective, and still the staple aquarium fillers such as Cabomba, dosing with antiviral drugs has given only minor Elodea, Vallisneria and Hygrophila, mostly imported improvement. Three possible detection methods were from the Far East. outlined but confirmation of KHV is not easy and the methods are not yet perfect. Interest in aquarium plants has grown rapidly during the 1980s and 90s due to the ‘Dutch Style’ of S. Tinman from the Central Fish Health Laboratory, aquarium, which has many more plants and fewer Nir David, , spoke on studies into building fish. This is more of an underwater environment than resistance to ‘Koi Virus Disease’. By selecting fish Page 10 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2 which had survived initial episodes of koi virus, they GERMAN PONDKEEPING hoped to build resistant populations. Research Koord Janssen from international aquatics company showed that infected fish were infective to other fish Tetra spoke from a German and European from four days after encountering infection. perspective. The German pond market is worth However, surviving ‘Resistant Fish’ were considered perhaps 80 million Euros ($94 million). The value of to be non-carriers of the virus, and when placed with this market varies from year to year, heavily naive fish, no mortality took place. influenced by the weather, and currently affected by the German recession. Around 12% of the 38 These findings promoted a lively debate, with many million German households have ponds. Around half questions asked. There were some differences of of sales take place through specialists, and franchise opinion between the US and Israeli research teams on chains are growing rapidly. the precise nature of the virus. The issue was raised that herpes viruses are notorious for their latency and ability to reappear at later dates. However, BOOK REVIEW controversially, the Israeli team were not convinced that the koi virus was indeed a herpes virus.

EMERGING DISEASES BSAVA Manual of Ornamental Fish (Second Olga Haenen spoke on the international attitudes to Edition) Ed. William H. Wildgoose. 2001. emerging diseases, and how they might influence 304pp, sb. trade in ornamental fish [and plants]. Viruses such as ISBN 0-905214-57-9 £80/$130 (on Amazon) KHV and Spring Viraemia of Carp [SVC, which was BSAVA, 1 Telford Way, Glos. GL2 4AB, UK confirmed in at least two incidents in the USA in

2002] could perhaps spread from ornamental to wild This guide to fish health and diseases is a completely or aquaculture fish, and back again. Movements of revised edition drawing on 18 different contributors. fish could also spread bacterial diseases such as It comprehensively covers the background to fish atypical Aeromonas causing ulcers in cyprinids, and disease, outlining good management practice, parasites such as white spot. The OIE (Office investigation of diseases by type and causative agent, International des Epizooties) set various criteria for and the best methods of treatment and prophylaxis. measuring the significance, consequences, and potential dangers around different diseases and Both UK and US whether they should become notifiable with various legislation is touched legislative control options. On the issue of KHV, upon, and there is a useful Olga noted the difficulty of testing for the disease, guide to available especially as current tests cannot detect latent therapeutics and the carriers. It may already be too late to effectively limit ingredients of commercial the spread of KHV, so whether the disease is made preparations. Although notifiable or not may not necessarily help. the guide is aimed at vets,

it should be readily THE US AQUATIC MARKET accessible to most The US overview was given by Marshall Meyers of competent fishkeepers, the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC). being, on the whole, Over 2000 species of freshwater and marine fish are practical, clearly written traded in the USA with over 800 species being and well illustrated. It fills the middle ground farmed in Florida. Around 13% of US households between more technical references such as Noga’s have freshwater fish as pets and around 16% of those ‘Fish Disease’, and more populist texts such as Erik (i.e. 2 million) have garden ponds – mostly (70%) Johnson’s ‘Koi Health and Disease’. Despite its less than 500 gallons. Future issues to face the expense, it is likely to be a most useful aid to those industry include invasive species. If proposed regularly dealing with ornamental fish in trade outlets legislation on screening of new introductions is and public aquaria. implemented the estimated costs could be $50,000 to $1 million per organism.

The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2 Page 11

WATER GARDEN JOURNAL IMPORTANCE RESULTS OF THE IWGS Your specific interests in the journal are tabulated in the graph below. The journal as a whole came out as

MEMBERSHIP of very high importance to you, and feature articles

of a technical nature were of most interest, followed

QUESTIONNAIRE by news, general feature articles, alien invasives news,

and reports back from symposia.

Over 100 members from 13 countries responded to The Webwatch and news snippets were of average our recent questionnaire, thanks again for your time. interest, with color covers, book reviews and Thanks to Paula Biles who gathered all the figures. commercial listings being of less interest. With our From these results we can deduce the following more regular membership directory and website information about our membership. listings, we will consider dropping the commercial • Around two thirds of members have been with us listings in our journal (apart from new members) to over six years, reflecting the vast majority who make more room for articles. considered themselves to be established rather than new hobbyists to water gardening. FIELDS OF INTEREST • Around one third considered their primary interest Your fields of interest are very varied! Hardy to be related to business/retail, and around15% were waterlilies came out as the top interest, followed associated with a botanical or display garden. closely by tropical waterlilies and other hardy aquatics. Runners up included Nelumbo, fish, other • Nearly half of you found out about the IWGS tropical aquatics, and Victoria, in that order. through another member, and a further quarter through notices in magazines, catalogues or shops. OTHER COMMENTS • Just over half of you have been to at least one One of the societies most valuable benefits to you symposium. Most would consider attending in future, was the opportunity to network with other water especially if the venue wasn’t too far from where you gardeners worldwide. lived. Around a sixth would not consider attending. Things that held you back from attending included Members’ other comments and ‘wish-lists’ ranged far lack of time, poor health, and the costs. and wide. One of our dilemmas is how to meet your varied requirements, from hobbyist to hybridiser and • Over 80% use Email and the internet - most of academic to retailer – and to achieve this as a these do so frequently. This is useful to know and will relatively small society with limited resources. Thanks affect the way we develop future resources for the again for your valuable input on these issues. society e.g. Email bulletins and website.

50

40 essential 30 very imp quite imp 20 not so 10 of no int 0

news symp color Journal bk revs alien inv snippets webwatch feature tech feature gen com lstngs

TABLE: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE JOURNAL AND ITS FEATURES (see article)

Page 12 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2

plants alone, he handed the business over to a friend TALES FROM THAILAND and started a new enterprise for her to run.

A REVIEW OF THE WORK OF IWGS HALL ’I tried to think of plants which are easy to grow and OF FAME MEMBER, DR SLEARMLARP don't require much care. And the first species which WASUWAT, EXTRACTED FROM AN ARTICLE occurred to me was the waterlily.’

BY HEAMAKARN SRICHARATCHANYA That was 33 years ago and he's been passionate about these flowers ever since, purchasing new specimens abroad to add to his collection and for The residence of Dr Slearmlarp Wasuwat is a cross-breeding purposes. He currently tends about showcase of waterlilies and lotuses from all over the 210 different species of waterlily and lotus. world. And the varieties he is most proud of are not ones from European countries, or the Americas, but Growing non-indigenous plants is a risky proposition, rather those which bear Thai names - all blooms he said, because they are not used to the hot climate which he bred himself. in Thailand. Of the 200 or so foreign species [and cultivars] he bought over the years, only 60 have ’This bright pink waterlily with pointed petals is flourished here. Imports that didn't grow or bloom named after my son – ‘Piyalarp’,’ said Dr properly he threw away; only those that produced Slearmlarp* (pronounced Serm-larp), pointing at a attractive flowers were allowed to remain in his blossoming waterlily in an earthenware basin. ‘This garden. other one, with the same colour but with rounder petals, I named after my daughter - ‘Primlarp’.’ Slearmlarp holds a PhD in plant pathology and genetics from Wisconsin University and is currently These are just two fruits of his labour of love. Of the president of the Thailand Waterlily Lovers Club, more than 50 varieties of waterlily bred by Thai which was founded in 1999. Although now retired hands, 36 were created by Dr Slearmlarp, making he's been giving occasional lectures at Kasetsart him one of the Kingdom's most prolific University's Faculty of Agriculture for the past few horticulturists. years. For him, breeding new cultivars of flowers is neither a business nor a hobby; he does it for Despite their Thai names, and the fact that they were educational purposes and to satisfy his curiosity. ‘I'm bred in this country, most of Dr Slearmlarp's always curious about how a new one will turn out’. waterlily cultivars are descendants of exotic breeds, most of which come from Europe and the US. He Countless experiments he's carried out over the past said he prefers not to use Thai plants because their three decades have demonstrated that it's simply flowers are not as beautiful as imports, having fewer impossible to predict results. ‘Breeding waterlilies of petals and less attractive shapes. different hues isn't remotely like mixing colours. You can't get pink flowers by crossing red waterlilies with Dr Slearmlarp bought his first lot of foreign waterlilies white ones because we're talking about hybrids here. - 24 seedlings - in England in 1969 while on a trip You simply can't predict what cross-breeding will there as an expert on rubber plants dispatched by the produce.’ Ministry of Agriculture. He hand-picked and carried the seedlings onto the plane himself. To illustrate his point he recalled how he once crossed two types of white waterlilies and when the ’It cost me a fortune,’ the 72-year-old recalled. ‘A resulting hybrid bloomed the flowers were purple. single seedling was priced at 50 pounds ….. which was a lot of money 30 years ago.’ To obtain a flower of a certain colour, Dr Slearmlarp explained that he must first select plants which It was his previous job as a horticulturist that produce blooms of the ‘wrong’ colour. The reverse convinced him to empty his wallet on those side of leaves can sometimes provide clues as to what waterlilies. Decades before he and his mother had colour the flowers on that plant will be. If he wants started a business selling flowers and plants. The red blooms, he looks for plants, the backs of whose following year, however, the government transferred leaves are dark green, brown or red. The others he him to post in the South because of his expertise with culls. rubber . Worried that his mother would be unable to shoulder the burden of caring for all the The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2 Page 13

He said waterlilies are perfect for cross-breeding Two of his books have gained much recognition from purposes because each bloom has both male and his peers: How to Grow Waterlilies as a Flowering female parts and so can be used either to ‘father’ or and Garden Plant was included in the ‘88 Best to ‘mother’ a hybrid. He normally selects four Science Books for the 1980s’ compiled by the specimens of a plant for breeding: one for its pistil, Thailand Research Fund. It was the first book the female reproductive organ, and three for the published in the Kingdom on the topic of waterlilies. stamen, the male equivalent, to ensure that the The second title, How to Grow Giant Waterlily pollen on at least one of the stamens will be mature (Victoria Waterlily), has also been widely praised. enough for reproduction. Printed in 1996, it explains the process of growing the Victoria waterlily through illustrations. Even In order to breed a waterlily, he must know when it though the captions are in Thai, foreigners can easily will come into flower. A few days before this date, he follow the instructions by looking at the pictures. makes a slit in the as-yet-unopened flower, trims the stamen away and then covers it to prevent any ’I was very proud of that book because it earned me inadvertent natural fertilisation. When the plant a Hall of Fame Award from the IWGS in 1998. That begins to blossom, he inserts the stamen from award is given out to people who contribute to water another waterlily in place of the original and then gardening on an international basis, and I'm the only waits for fertilisation to take place. person in Asia to have been given this recognition.’

A waterlily usually blooms for about three days Dr Slearmlarp began expanding his area of expertise before closing and immersing itself in water for about two years ago by taking up the study of lotuses. He three weeks. When it rises from the water again, its plans to develop the lotus as a commercial crop. seeds are ready for cultivation. ’Seeing countries like Australia and New Zealand, ’If you're lucky, the first attempt will provide which do not even have their own native lotus plants, hundreds of seeds,’ he said. ‘But usually, I have to do planning to export [lotuses] to Asian countries drives it a few times to get it right.’ me crazy,’ he said.

Hurdles to fertilisation include infertile ‘mother’ ’Our country has four beautiful domestic species of plants and pollen that is too old. He plants the seeds lotus: the Sattabongos [plump, pink, with multi- in small pots and as they grow keeps a sharp eye on layered petals], the Sattabout [plump, white with them, weeding out the unsatisfactory ones. multi-layered petals], the Poontarik [pointed, white with a single layer of petals] and the Patoom Dr Slearmlarp then has to wait for about a year until [pointed, red and single layered]. I think we should the new plant has grown sufficiently to send up make the best of what we have.’ shoots. Two more years are then needed for [propagation] before the cultivar is ready for sale, at Every part of the lotus can be used in traditional prices from 1,200 to 1,500 baht [$28 to $35]. herbal remedies, Dr Slearmlarp said. The shoots are used to treat diarrhoea, the seed is said to be good Dr Slearmlarp takes great pleasure in naming his for the heart, the petals can reduce fever, the stamen ‘offspring’. To his first successful progeny, back in can be used as a diuretic, and the leaves have been 1981, he gave his son's nickname, ‘Ply’. His latest, known to cure certain skin diseases. ‘Dao Thammanoon’, was named after the soi [smaller road] he lives on - Soi Thammanoon. The name of ’I'm studying hard and hope to be able to develop the new species plus a detailed description of its the lotus on a commercial basis as soon as possible so distinguishing features must then be registered with that our country can earn some extra income from the International Waterlily and Water Gardening selling it abroad.’ Society (IWGS)…... The original article appeared in the Bangkok Post (1st In addition to bringing new cultivars of waterlily into Oct 2002) and is reprinted with permission. existence, Dr Slearmlarp also shares his wisdom with *Although referred to in the article as Dr Slearmlarp, the public by putting it all down in writing. this should correctly be Dr Wasuwat.

Page 14 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2

IWGS COMMERCIAL MEMBERS Our commercial members represent the finest retail and wholesale sources of waterlilies and companion products. You owe it to yourself, and your water garden, to become familiar with them. Commercial members’ complete details - full address; telephone/fax; web details; and the key to products and services - are included in the 2002 Membership Directory. These details are also available on the society’s web site with useful web and Email links at http://www.iwgs.org/listings/commercial.htm

Commercial members major details are noted below. If any changes are necessary, please mail the details to our administrative office: IWGS c/o Paula Biles 6828 26th St W Bradenton, FL 34207 or fax them to (941) 756-0880 or Email them to [email protected] with a copy to the journal at [email protected]

Member Name Contact Person City/County/State Country Phone Category A Fleur D'Eau Danielle Bilodeau Stanbridge E., Quebec CANADA 450-248-7008 Silver Absolute Aquatics Kenneth & Christine Rust Hopkins SC USA 803-783-1928 Bronze American Aquatic Gardens Rich Sacher & Bill Dailey New Orleans LA USA 504-944-0410 Gold Anglo Aquarium Plant Co. Ltd. David & Rosalind Everett Ensfield, Middlesex UK 44-208363-8548 Platinum Aquaflora Vinkeveen b.v. Frank Riechelman Vinkeveen 31-297-286709 Bronze Aquapic Solutions James Allison Cheltenham, Glos. UK 44-1242-244636 Bronze Aqua Productions SPRL Bruno Jurdant Limal 32-10-411256 Silver Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc James Layton & Gary Jones Chalfont PA USA 215-822-8181 Silver Aquascape Designs, Inc Jim Wullschleger & Melissa Lyons Batavia IL USA 630-326-1700 Platinum Aquatics & Exotics Donna & Thomas Kiehl Largo FL USA 727-397-5532 Silver Beaver Water Plants Jeff Wheeler Lingfield, Surrey UK 44-1342-833144 Platinum Bee Fork Water Gardens Craig Williamson St Louis MO USA 314-962-1583 Silver Bergen Water Gardens & Nursery Larry & Sherry Nau Churchville NY USA 585-293-1639 Bronze Bittersweet Hill Nurseries Hildreth Morton Davidsonville MD USA 410-798-0231 Silver Briggs Nursery Jason Hills North Attleboro MA USA 508-699-7421 Bronze Burns Water Gardens Bob & Rowena Burns Baltimore, Ontario CANADA 905-372-2737 Bronze Charleston Aquatic Nurseries Brian & Stuart Schuck John's Island SC USA 843-559-3151 Gold Christa's Ponds & Gardens, Inc. Christa R. Suggs Washington MI USA 810-786-6951 Bronze Crystal Gardens H2O Allan Joy & Randy Slater Hollywood CA USA 323-876-5816 Silver Dietter’s Water Gardens Rob Dietter Branford CT USA 203-483-8496 Bronze Epic Plant Company Mark Denee Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario CANADA 905 468-5191 Bronze Fiber Tech/Createk Norm Cloutier Southbridge MA USA 508-764-7501 Silver Florida Aquatic Nurseries, Inc. Brad McLane Fort Lauderdale FL USA 954-472-5120 Platinum Fourth Generation Nursery Rip & Ginger Sokol Mendon MA USA 508-634-1914 Platinum Freshwater Flora & Fauna David & Jeanne Curtright Escondido CA USA 760-741-8811 Bronze Goose Neck Water Gardens Bob & Linda Harsch Milldale CT USA 860-628-5888 Silver Green & Hagstrom, Inc. Jack & Cathy Green Fairview TN USA 615-799-0708 Platinum Green Vista Water Gardens Stephen C. Blessing Springfield OH USA 937-324-5039 Silver The Growing Place Nursery & Flower Farm Kathy Thomas Naperville IL USA 630-355-4000 Bronze Hazorea Water Lilies Danny Benjamin Kibbutz Hazorea ISRAEL 972-4-9899137 Silver Hill's Water Garden Center John & Barbara Hill Perrysville OH USA 419-938-7208 Bronze Hoffman’s Garden Center Bill Hoffman Uniontown OH USA 330-896-9811 Silver Hydrosphere Water Gardens & Fisheries Chris Dahl Bradford, Ontario CANADA 905-715-2447 Bronze ITML Horticultural Products Nancy Couture Brantford, Ontario CANADA 800-736-4865 Bronze Liberty Landcrafters & Pond Plants Peggy Carney Liberty TWP OH USA 513-755-6335 Bronze LilyBlooms Aquatic Gardens Bob & Curt Larson North Canton OH USA 800-921-0005 Silver The Lily Pond Sylvia & Larry DeVisme Phoenix AZ USA 602-273-1805 Silver Lilypons Water Gardens Richard & Margaret Koogle Buckeystown MD USA 301-874-5133 Platinum Maryland Aquatic Nurseries Richard Schuck Jarrettsville MD USA 410-557-7615 Platinum Masterson's Garden Center, Inc. Michael Masterson E. Aurora NY USA 716-655-0133 Bronze McDonalds Aquatic Nurseries Randy & Jill McDonald Reseda CA USA 818-345-7525 Silver Moore Water Gardens Farley & Susan See Port Stanley, Ontario CANADA 519-782-4052 Nelson Water Gardens & Nursery, Inc. Rolf & Anita Nelson Katy TX USA 281-391-4769 Platinum New Zealand Water Lily Gardens Paul & Margaret Hilton Waihi, RD2 NEW ZEALAND 07-863-8267 Bronze Nymphaion.de Werner Wallner Konigsbrunn 8231-919872 Bronze Opal Horticulture Co. , Ltd. Suwanna & Rainer Gaide Tungkruh, Bangkok THAILAND 662-426-2591 Bronze Oriental Aquarium (S) PTE Ltd. Eu It Hai Singapore R. O. SINGAPORE 65-679-37566 Silver Pacific Water Gardens Neal & Pamela Lucht Molalla OR USA 503-651-3302 Silver Palm Hammock Orchid Estate, Inc. Robert Yankowski Miami FL USA 305-274-9813 Bronze Paradise Water Gardens Paul W. Stetson, Sr. Whitman MA USA 800-955-0161 Gold Patio Garden Ponds Joe & Louise Villemarette Oklahoma City OK USA 405-634-7663 Silver Plantabbs Products Wayne Davis & Frances Clifford Hunt Valley MD USA 410-771-1996 Gold The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2 Page 15

Pond & Bog Flora John B. Florance Kirkland WA USA 425-391-3826 Bronze The Pond Place/Scenic Harbor Nursery Mary E. Paulsen Hoquiam WA USA 360-532-0602 Bronze Pontasia J.B. & Linda Philips Austin TX USA 512-258-7817 Bronze Ransom Gardens Sally Ransom Houston TX USA 832-754-8765 Bronze Reimer Waterscapesâ Henry & Carole Reimer Tillsonburg, Ontario CANADA 519-842-6049 Silver Roadhouse Nursery Jan & George Bahr Poulsbo WA USA 360-779-9589 Bronze Rock Valley & Garden Center, Inc. Rockford IL USA 815-398-9419 Bronze Scherer Water Gardens Bob Scherer Northport NY USA 631-261-7432 Gold Shady Lakes Water Lily Gardens Jan Phillips Alameda NM USA 505-898-2568 Silver Skaha Water Gardens Michael d'Estimauville British Columbia CANADA 250-497-5658 Bronze Springdale Water Gardens Inc. Keith & Tish Folsom Greenville VA USA 540-337-4507 Gold Stewarts Garden Centre Vicki Edwards Ontario CANADA 519-969-0420 Silver Strawn Water Gardens LLC Dean & Cindy McGee College Station TX USA 979-696-6644 Silver Sunrise Aquatics Brent Bivona Fairport NY USA 716-223-0730 Bronze T.H.F. Ornamentals Ruth Ann Schultze Poteet TX USA 830-742-4148 Bronze Tilley's Nursery, Inc./The Waterworks Tom & Rick Tilley Coopersburg PA USA 610-282-4784 Silver Valley View Farms Punkey Foard & T. McQuaid Cockeysville MD USA 410-527-0700 Gold Wallis Creek Watergarden Nola & Michael Fenech Mulbring, NSW AUSTRALIA Bronze Wasatch Koi & Water Gardens Dennis Steed Salt Lake City UT USA 801-487-1363 Bronze Water and Garden Creations Frank & Carole Schwartz Raleigh NC USA 919-662-7677 Bronze The Water Garden Karen & Randall Tate Chattanooga TN USA 423-870-2838 Gold Water Garden Gems, Inc. Burt & Sally Nichols Marion TX USA 210-659-5841 Gold Water Gardening Magazine Sue Speichert St. John IN USA 219-374-9419 Gold Waterford Gardens John A. Meeks Saddle River NJ USA 201-327-0721 Silver Water's Edge Deb Spencer & Susan Davis Lawrence KS USA 785-841-6777 Platinum Wiegand Nursery, Inc. Marvin & Wendy Wiegand Macomb MI USA 810-286-5292 Gold Windy Oaks Aquatics Marilyn Buscher Eagle WI USA 262-594-3033 Bronze Yileen Garden Co., Ltd Yuesheng Ding Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA 86-25-888-5422 Bronze

NEW MEMBERS: Emperor Aquatics Cathy Smith Pottstown PA USA 610-970-0440 Gold The Garden’s Edge Mark Willoughby York PA USA 717-747-9266 Bronze Hyannis Country Garden Michael Preston Hyannis MA USA 800-352-GROW Silver Muddy Waters Aquatic Nursery Trish & Greg Wheat Beaufort NC USA 252-728-6049 Bronze Pondkeeper Magazine Roseanne Conrad Duncansville PA USA 814-695-4727 Bronze Water Tropicals Katharine Lune Coral Springs FL USA 888-545-4374 Bronze

The categories shown relate to the commercial member’s contributions to the Society. Higher categories support the Society with increased membership dues which benefit us all. A portion of all commercial membership dues supports the Research Awards program.

but managed to throw her them before he drowned, PLANT PROFILE with the words ‘vergiss mein nicht’ – forget-me-not. Water forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides The plant can be propagated vegetatively and from This native of Europe and Asia is naturalised in many seed. Most growers select forms with larger flowers other countries. It is a hardy perennial which grows at than average, one such selection is called ‘Mermaid’. the waters edge and spreads out into the water and ‘Pinkie’ and ‘Snowflakes’ are selections from the pink up into wet mud at the poolside. It has a running and white forms that occur from time to time. They nature, with shallow rooting stems bearing mid-green generally have smaller blooms and do not always leaves which are less hairy than its garden cousins. prove as reliable as the blue form. ‘Maytime’ (or The plant rarely reaches more than 20-30cm high ‘Blaqua’) is a blue form and during mid-summer produces a succession of sky- with relatively broad blue, yellow centred blooms. It is a very useful edging leaves with wide creamy plant for informal and semi-formal ponds and streams white margins. This and can even be used in the same container alongside recent introduction is tall growing reeds and rushes, providing it is not proving relatively hardy. planted too deeply. It is generally trouble free though it can suffer from scorch and mildew later in the season, especially if it is in hot, unshaded conditions. Myosotis scorpioides The name comes from German folklore. A knight picking the riverside flowers for his truelove, fell in,

Page 16 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 18 No.2

THE WATER GARDEN JOURNAL IWGS BOARD and GENERAL Volume 18 Number 2 MEMBERSHIP MEETINGS 2003 EDITOR JAMES ALLISON EDITORIAL BOARD PAULA BILES Further to the news item on page 3 of this journal - BETSY SAKATA The IWGS Board meeting will be held at the Georgia BARRE HELLQUIST WALTER PAGELS World Congress Center, Atlanta, on Sunday, July DISTRIBUTION PAULA BILES 27, from 9am-3pm in Room C303.

The Official Publication of the The General Membership Meeting will be on INTERNATIONAL WATERLILY AND WATER GARDENING SOCIETY Monday, July 28, during the lunch break, from about 12:30pm, in the BookMart/Waterlily Lounge, PRESIDENT BRAD McLANE Room C303. These two meetings are open to all VICE PRESIDENT WAYNE DAVIS members and do not require registration to TREASURER TISH FOLSOM SECRETARY ROBERT (BOB) BURNS Pondapalooza. Conard’s ‘Waterlilies’ and some other EXEC. DIRECTOR PAULA BILES classic out-of-print books will be available in the BookMart, with proceeds going to the IWGS. BOARD OF DIRECTORS James Allison, Robert Burns, Rowena Burns, Susan Davis, Wayne Davis, John (Punkey) Foard, Tish Folsom, Cathy Green, Barre Hellquist, Tim Jennings, Brad McLane, Hildreth Morton, Jim Purcell, Betsy Sakata, Tom Tilley, Charles Thomas (ex-officio).

WEB ADDRESS: www.iwgs.org

ADMINISTRATIVE ADDRESS and SUBSCRIPTION ENQUIRIES International Waterlily and Water Gardening Society, 6828 26th St W, Bradenton, FL 34027, USA Voice & Fax 941-756-0880, Email [email protected]

EDITORIAL ADDRESS The Water Garden Journal, 4 Dagmar Road, Cheltenham, Glos. GL50 2UG , UK Voice (011 44) 1242-244608, Email [email protected]

Volume 18, Number 2. The IWGS Water Garden Journal (ISSN 1069-5982) is published quarterly by The International Waterlily and Water Gardening Society (The Society), 6828 26th St W, Bradenton, FL 34027, USA Voice & Fax 941-756-0880, Email [email protected] Nymphaea pygmaea All rights reserved. © 2003. Bulk rate postage paid at Bradenton from The Botanic Garden published in England 1837-39 FL, USA and additional mailing offices. Basic subscription/ by Benjamin Maund membership rate for one full year is $30. Further details and back N. pygmaea has also been known as N. tetragona var. angusta issues are available from the administrative office in FL. All changes of address and incidents of non-arrival of journals should be notified to the office in FL. Opinions expressed by authors and Our cover picture: any products reviewed are not specifically endorsed by The (Nymphaea alba minor, N. micrantha and N. thermalis) Society, nor does The Society accept any liability arising from the is taken from La Belgique Horticole, Journal des Jardin des Serres contents of this journal. et des Vergers, published in 1851-55 by Charles Morren N. alba minor is not currently an accepted subspecies, the picture MISSION STATEMENT may be of N. candida. N. micrantha is the West African tropical that is parent to many The International Waterlily and Water Gardening Society (IWGS), of today’s viviparous blue tinted cultivars. It is the larger lily shown is a non-profit organization of multi-national membership in the picture as 3 - the original numbering is incorrect. dedicated to the furtherance of all aspects of water gardening and N. thermalis is correctly N. lotus, the white, night blooming their associated plants. As an organization we support and Egyptian lotus, found across Africa (and also in - Water promote education, research, and conservation in these areas. Garden Journal Vol.17:1 contained articles on both N. lotus and

N. micrantha. Backissues are available through the Florida office).