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Lista De Los Insectos Escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) De Cuba

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Lista De Los Insectos Escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) De Cuba TAXONOMÍA Y SISTEMÁTICA DE INVERTEBRADOS Poeyana 500 (enero-junio): 33—54, 2015 Lista de los insectos escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) de Cuba Nereida MESTRE NOVOA14, Avas HAMON 2, Greg HODGES2, Takumasa KONDO3 1. Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, AP 8029, La Habana CP11900, Cuba; 2. Florida Department of Agriculture & Consum- er Services, Division of Plant Industry (FSCA), Gainesville, Florida, USA, 3. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agro- pecuaria (CORPOICA). Centro de Investigación Palmira. Calle 23 Carrera 37 Continuo al Penal. Palmira, Valle, Colombia Abstract. List of scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of Cuba. The goal of this paper was compiling and updating the taxonomic composition of Coccoidea in Cuba; in order to accomplish this, data was gathered from the Zoological Collection of the Institute of Ecology and Systematics (CZACC), Cuba, as well as from papers on Cuban scale insects and information from the world scale insect database, ScaleNet. The fauna of scale insects of Cuba is composed of 176 species, distributed in 95 genera and14 families, with 11 endemic species. The Diaspididae was the most species-rich family, followed by Pseudococcidae and Coc- cidae. Akermes Cockerell was a new genus record of Coccidae for this country. Lecanodiaspis prosopidis (Maskell) (Lecanodiaspididae) is added to the species list of Cuban scale insects. 63. 2% of species are polyph- agous, 46% areoligophagous, and 20.12% are monophagous; 73. 2% are cosmopolitan; 48% are introduced species, 30% are native species and 22% have an original and unknown distribution. Keywords. Coccoidea, Sternorrhyncha, species list, Cuba. Resumen. En el presente trabajo se registra la composición taxonómica de Coccoidea en Cuba, para lo cual se revisaron las Colecciones Zoológicas del Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática (CZACC), las publicaciones sobre cocoideos y ScaleNet (base de datos de los insectos escama del mundo). La fauna de cocoideos de Cuba está formada por 176 especies agrupadas en 95 géneros, 14 familias y 11 especies endémicas. Diaspididae resultó la familia de mayor riqueza de especies, seguida de Pseudococcidae y Coccidae. Akermes Cockerell, represen- ta un nuevo género de Coccidae para el país. Lecanodiaspis prosopidis (Maskell) (Lecanodiaspididae) se incor- pora a esta lista de especies. El 63, 2% de las especies son polífagas; el 73,2% son cosmopolitas; el 48% co- rresponde a especies introducidas, el 30% a especies nativas y el 22 % presentaron distribución original des- conocida. Palabras claves. Coccoidea, Sternorrhyncha, lista de especies, Cuba. Manuscrito recibido: 14 de abril de 2011; aprobado: 5 de junio de 2011; publicado: diciembre 2014 4. Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] 33 Mestre et al./Poeyana 500: 33—54 (2015) Insectos escamas (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) de Cuba Introducción logía y Sistemática (CZACC), la lista de especies Los cocoideos conocidos como insectos escama y familias de insectos escama en el país se in- son, en su mayoría, fitófagos, aunque algunas crementa (Houser, 1918; Ballou, 1926; Bruner especies se alimentan de hongos (Kondo et al., et al., 1975; Heidel y Köhler, 1979; Mestre et 2008a). Se distribuyen en todas las regiones al., 2001b, c, 2006a, 2010a, 2011). Además, biogeográficas del mundo, donde se han des- con el objetivo de prevenir la introducción de crito unas 7 800 especies agrupadas en más de la cochinilla harinosa rosada de especies del 1 050 géneros, 46 familias, de ellas 14 fósiles género Hibiscus, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Kondo et al., 2008a; Ben-Dov et al., 2012). Se (Green), el Sistema Nacional de Sanidad Vege- pueden encontrar en agroecosistemas, ecosis- tal ha desplegado un procedimiento de encues- temas urbanos y naturales. Están considerados tas para pseudocóccidos, que ha resultado en entre las plagas reales o potenciales de cultivos el registro de nuevas especies para el país, en y plantas de interés económico a nivel mundial áreas de cultivos o de plantas de interés econó- (Claps y Terán, 2001; Claps y Wolff, 2003; Mar- mico (Blanco et al., 2003; Blanco, 2004; Martí- tins et al., 2004; Granara de Willink et al., nez et al., 2000, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009; 2010) ya que producen grandes pérdidas finan- Martínez y Blanco, 2010). cieras en diferentes países (Miller et al., 2005). En este trabajo se actualiza la composi- ción taxonómica de Coccoidea en Cuba, me- La sistemática de Coccoidea es considera- diante la revisión de los ejemplares deposita- da compleja, debido al pequeño tamaño de sus dos en las colecciones zoológicas del Instituto miembros (menos de 5mm), y la semejanza de Ecología y Sistemática y la revisión de la bi- morfológica entre las especies y algunos géne- bliografía sobre los registros de los insectos ros (Hamon y Wiliams, 1984; Granara de Wi- escamas. Se ofrecen datos sobre la distribución llink, 1999; Hodges y Morse, 2009). Por otro mundial, distribución original y los hábitos tró- lado, en muchos países la identificación de es- ficos de las especies sobre la base de la infor- tos insectos se dificulta por la falta de claves y mación publicada y del presente estudio. la carencia en general de la bibliografía necesa- ria (Granara de Willink, 1999). Materiales y Métodos En el Neotrópico están referidas 1 380 especies de cocoideos (Ben-Dov et al., 2012). Para componer la lista de especies se re- No obstante, esta fauna se considera poco es- visó la literatura (Houser, 1918; Ballou, 1926; tudiada, a pesar de los inventarios de especies Pruna y Alayo, 1973; Gimpel et al., 1974; Bru- que se han desarrollado en los últimos 20 años ner et al., 1975; Alayo, 1976; Heidel y Köhler, en diferentes países, con la contribución de 1979; Miller y Davidson, 1981; Nakahara, 1982; nuevas especies para la ciencia, la región y las Mendoza y Gómez, 1983; Deitz y Davidson, áreas específicas (Granara de Willink y Claps, 1986; Grillo y González, 1998; Kozár y Konczné 2003; Granara de Willink, 2009; Kondo, 2001; Benedicty, 2001; Mestre et al., 2001a,b,c, Kondo et al., 2008b; Kondo y Gullan, 2010; Pe- 2004; 2006a,b, 2010a,b, 2011; Hodgson y Mi- ronti et al., 2001, 2008; Zamudio y Claps, 2005; ller, 2010). Sobre Pseudococcidae también se Culik et al., 2007a, b). consultaron otros autores (Williams y Granara En Cuba, según ScaleNet (Ben-Dov et al., de Willink, 1992; Williams et al., 2001; Gimpel 2012) están registradas 159 especies, 11 de y Miller, 1996; Martínez y Surís, 1996, 1997; ellas endémicas, agrupadas en 12 familias. Sin Blanco, 2004, 2007; Martínez et al., 2000, embargo al revisar diferentes publicaciones y 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009; Martínez y Blan- las Colecciones Zoológicas del Instituto de Eco- co, 2010). Además, se examinó la base de da- 34 Mestre et al./Poeyana 500: 33—54 (2015) Insectos escamas (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) de Cuba tos de los insectos escama del mundo Scale- Claps et al., 2001; Culik et al., 2007a, b; Kondo, Net, disponible en INTERNET, a partir de la cual 2001; Kondo et al., 2008b; Martins et al., 2004; se actualizaron los cambios taxonómicos de Peronti et al., 2001; Peronti et al., 2008; Zamu- Coccoidea (Ben Dov et al., 2012). Para Cero- dio y Claps, 2005; Hodgson y Miller, 2010). plastes stelliferus (Westwood) se siguió a Pe- Las presuntas áreas de origen de las es- ronti et al. (2008). pecies se obtuvieron de Miller (2005), Miller et Por otra parte, se obtuvo la información al. (2002); Miller y Miller (2003); Miller et al. del material depositado en las colecciones en- (2005). La división de las regiones biogeográfi- tomológicas pertenecientes a las Colecciones cas se tomaron de ScaleNet (Ben-Dov et al., Zoológicas del Instituto de Ecología y Sistemáti- 2012). México está dividido en dos regiones: la ca (CZACC), La Habana, Cuba: ejemplares de Neártica: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Baja hembras adultas de cocoideos, montadas en California, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guerrero, preparaciones permanentes en buen estado de Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Na- conservación, recolectados entre 1996 y 2011; yarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, las especies fueron identificadas por A. Hamon, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas. La G. Hodges y N. Mestre. Ejemplares de cocoi- Neotropical: Campeche, Chiapas, Tabasco, Yu- deos conservados secos en frascos de cristal, catán (Ben- Dov et al., 2012). En el texto se uti- recolectados entre 1907 y 1928; las especies lizaron los siguientes acrónimos: Región Neo- fueron identificadas por Harold Morrison y por tropical (NT), Neártica (NE), Paleártica (PA), C.H. Ballou. Ejemplares de diaspídidos monta- Afrotropical (AF), Oriental (OR), y Australásica dos en escasas preparaciones (mal estado de (AU). conservación), recolectados e identificados en- Se consideró una especie nativa cuando tre 1967 y 1969 por R. Alayo y A. Huba. En el la especie presenta una distribución original total de especies representadas en esta colec- Neotropical. Una especie introducida cuando ción, se tuvieron en cuenta además, los ejem- muestran una distribución original diferente a plares depositados como material exótico, con la Neotropical. Especies de distribución original el objetivo de poder comparar los ejemplares probable, cuando implican dos regiones bio- nuevos recolectados que coinciden con las es- geográficas diferentes, que no incluya la Neo- pecies referidas para el país. tropical. Especies de distribución original des- De acuerdo con la especialización trófica conocida, cuando se refieran a distribución ori- se determinó que una especie es polífaga cuan- ginal incierta (Miller et al., 2005); cuando no do estuvo presente sobre 10 o más familias de posean citas de su distribución original, y cuan- plantas; una especie es oligófaga con tres a 10 do implique dos regiones biogeográficas que familias de hospedantes; y monófaga cuando incluya la Neotropical. se registró sobre una o dos familias botánicas, según Miller y Miller (2003) y Miller et al. Resultados y Discusión (2005). Los datos de distribución de los cocoi- La fauna de cocoideos de Cuba está formada deos en las regiones biogeográficas se obtuvie- por 176 especies agrupadas en 95 géneros, 14 ron de ScaleNet (Ben-Dov, 1993; Ben-Dov, familias y 11 especies endémicas (Tabla 1).
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