DOCSLIB.ORG

Scale Insects of Central Europe Series Entomologica

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scale Insects of Central Europe Series Entomologica SCALE INSECTS OF CENTRAL EUROPE SERIES ENTOMOLOGICA EDITOR K.A. SPENCER VOLUME 41 Scale Insects of Central Europe By M. KOSZTARAB and F. KozAR 1988 DR W. JUNK PUBLISHERS A MEMBER OF THE KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LANCASTER Distributors for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358, USA for Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, Soviet Union, Democratic Republic of Vietnam and Yugoslavia: Akademiai Kiad6, P.O. Box 24, H-1363 Budapest, Hungary for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Kosztarab, Michael, 1927- Scale insects of Central Europe. (Series entomologica: v. 41) Includes indexes. I.Scale-insects-Central Europe. 2. Insects­ Central Europe. I. Kozar, F. II. Title. III. Series. QL526.4.C36K67 1988 595.7'52 86-27415 ISBN-I3: 978-94-0 I 0-8295-2 e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-009-4045-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-4045-1 Book information Joint edition published by: Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, and Akademiai Kiad6, Budapest, Hungary Copyright © 1988 by Akademiai Kiad6, Budapest, Hungary Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. CONTENTS Preface. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... ... ... .. 7 Acknowledgements ............................. 8 Color plates I-XVI (figures 1-35 see after p. 8) I. General part . 11 Introduction .................. '.' . 11 List of abbreviations. 15 General morphology of Coccinea . 16 Life cycle, biology and dispersal . 19 Genetics and endosymbionts . 20 Phylogeny. 21 Ecology of scale insects in Central Europe . 22 Geographical distribution. 25 Economic importance . 27 Forecasting and control. 28 Collecting, preserving, mounting and rearing of Coccinea .. 29 II. Systematic part. 32 Classification ................................................ 32 Key to suborders of Homoptera in Central Europe .............. 33 Key to superfamilies and families of Coccinea in Central Europe .. 33 Superfamily Orthezioidea - Primitive Coccoids ................... 35 Family Ortheziidae - Ensign Scales. 35 Family Margarodidae - Giant Scales .......................... 46 Superfamily Coccoidea - Advanced Coccoids. 56 Family Pseudococcidae - Mealybugs. 58 Family Coccidae - Soft Scales, Coccids ........................ 169 Family Aclerdidae - Flat Grass Scales ......................... 259 Family Kermesidae - Gall-like Scales. .. 261 Family Cryptococcidae - Bark-crevice Scales. .. 268 5 Family Eriococcidae - Felt Scales, Eriococcid Scales . .. 274 Family Lecanodiaspididae - False Pit Scales, Lecanodiaspidids . 305 Family Cerococcidae - Ornate Pit Scales, Cerococcids . .. 307 Family Asterolecaniidae - Pit Scales. .. 312 Family Diaspididae - Armored Scales. .. 321 III. Appendix................................................... 388 IV. Cited references. 390 V. Distribution of scale insects discussed in this book . .. 425 VI. Index to host plants .......................................... 428 VII. Index to parasites, predators, ants and other associated organisms .. 434 VIII. Index to scale insect names .................................... 442 6 PREFACE This book is dedicated to the scientists whose professional devotion and accomplish­ ments in research on scale insects of the area made the compilation of this book possible. This book has two primary objectives: (1) to enable interested workers, who are not specialists of scale insects, to recognize and indentify these to families, genera and species; and (2) to provide information on the life cycle, host-plant range, natural enemies, geographical distribution, economic importance for each known species from Central Europe, and to provide a bibliography on each taxa covered. Scale insects are important pests of fruit and nut trees, forest vegetation, woody ornamentals, greenhouse and indoor plants. World-wide losses and increased production costs attributed to scale insects are estimated to reach $5 billion annually. It is difficult to recognize them because of their microscopic size and hidden habits. Identification of pest species enables plant growers to check appropriate reference sources for biological information and to select control methods. For the first time since L. Lindinger's 1912 outdated book on scale insects of this large geographical area, the authors are providing keys for their identification, descriptions, and illustrations to assist individuals with species identification. Also provided are records on the life cycle, host plant selection, and geographical distribution of each of233 species, 95 genera and 12 families treated. With resistance to insecticides shown by a number of species, special efforts are needed to reduce the use of chemicals and to employ integrated pest management emphasizing biological control methods. Thus, the authors are providing information on the known natural enemies of each species, and ort the parasites and predators which could be considered for biological control of pest scales. This work is an essential reference for the economic entomologists, plant production and protection consultants, plant quarantine inspectors, biologists, and especially for zoologists and coccidologists. The authors have cited over 700 references which are listed under the Cited References. In addition, to facilitate readers with easy retrieval of desired information, there are four different indices provided. These include indices of host plants, natural enemies and other associated organisms, distribution in Central Europe and in other regions, and scale insect names. Several new species were discovered during this study and a number of new faunistic records were found. In addition, one new synonym was established. It is the authors' hope that this compilation will stimulate interest in the scale insects of Europe. Many new species remain to be discovered and described, especially in the incompletely studied families of Eriococcidae, Margarodidae, and Pseudococcidae. In the General Part (I), a general introduction to coccidology, the methods utilized for collecting, preserving and mounting scale insects on microscope slides for study and rearing are given. Among the 154 illustrations, there are 72 full plate-size drawings, 38 smaller ones and 9 photographs placed in the text; also, 35 color photographs were combined into 16 color plates, and one full-page map. 7 Both authors have completed doctoral degree research on scale insects and are continuing to study them. They have 55 years combined experience with this group. Research samples for this work were collected in most of the countries of Europe with the exception of countries in the border areas of the continent, such as Albania, Belgium, Finland and Portugal. To assist individuals in these areas with their work, the authors paid special attention to compiling information from over 700 reference sources to supplement their own research data. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to our colleagues who read sections of the first draft of the manuscript and made valuable comments for improvements. These persons include: D. R. Miller (General Part and Eriococcidae), S. Nakahara (Coccidae and Diaspididae), L. M. Russell (Asterolecaniidae), each with the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland; and D. J. Williams (Pseudococcidae), with the Commonwealth Institute of Entomology in London. The entire manuscript was reviewed by T. Jermy, former Director of the Research Institute for Plant Protection, Budapest, and J. Koteja, Professor of Applied Zoology, Cracow. Their valuable suggestions have been incorporated in the manuscript. Some valuable "Reviewer's remarks" provided by J. Koteja have been included in the book at the general discussions of some families. The authors take sole responsibility for the final text of this manual. Faunal lists were provided for the Federal Republic of Germany by H. Schmutterer, and for the Ukraine (USSR) by E. M. Tereznikova. Supplementary faunal records from Switzerland were sent to us by F. Bachmann and K. Boratynski, and from Poland by J. Koteja. Assistance with some species determinations and confirmations was given by E. Danzig, J. Koteja, and D. Matile-Ferrero. Some species were collected and provided for our project from Hungary by B. Nagy and G. Vinis; from Austria, Luxembourg and Poland, by K. Boratynski. D. R. Miller, S. Nakahara and M. B. Stoetzel allowed us full use of the scale insect card files of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. In addition, colleagues, too many to be listed here, provided reprints and books for the completion of the literature review. Our literature search was aided by the bibliographies compiled by Morrison and Renk (1957), Morrison and Morrison (1965); Russell, Kosztarab and Kosztarab (1974). M. P. Kosztarab assisted with the literature search and checked our cited reference list. B. Martin typed parts of the manuscript, as well as M. Rhoades, who also provided substantial editorial assistance, as did M. C. Holliman, who reviewed the final manuscript of the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ladybirds, Ladybird Beetles, Lady Beetles, Ladybugs of Florida, Coleoptera: Coccinellidae1
    Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. EENY-170 Ladybirds, Ladybird beetles, Lady Beetles, Ladybugs of Florida, Coleoptera: Coccinellidae1 J. H. Frank R. F. Mizell, III2 Introduction Ladybird is a name that has been used in England for more than 600 years for the European beetle Coccinella septempunctata. As knowledge about insects increased, the name became extended to all its relatives, members of the beetle family Coccinellidae. Of course these insects are not birds, but butterflies are not flies, nor are dragonflies, stoneflies, mayflies, and fireflies, which all are true common names in folklore, not invented names. The lady for whom they were named was "the Virgin Mary," and common names in other European languages have the same association (the German name Marienkafer translates Figure 1. Adult Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, the to "Marybeetle" or ladybeetle). Prose and poetry sevenspotted lady beetle. Credits: James Castner, University of Florida mention ladybird, perhaps the most familiar in English being the children's rhyme: Now, the word ladybird applies to a whole Ladybird, ladybird, fly away home, family of beetles, Coccinellidae or ladybirds, not just Your house is on fire, your children all gone... Coccinella septempunctata. We can but hope that newspaper writers will desist from generalizing them In the USA, the name ladybird was popularly all as "the ladybird" and thus deluding the public into americanized to ladybug, although these insects are believing that there is only one species. There are beetles (Coleoptera), not bugs (Hemiptera). many species of ladybirds, just as there are of birds, and the word "variety" (frequently use by newspaper 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa,Phylogeny and Higher Classification of the Scale Insects
    Zootaxa 1668: 413–425 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)* P.J. GULLAN1 AND L.G. COOK2 1Department of Entomology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 2School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. Email: [email protected] *In: Zhang, Z.-Q. & Shear, W.A. (Eds) (2007) Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1668, 1–766. Table of contents Abstract . .413 Introduction . .413 A review of archaeococcoid classification and relationships . 416 A review of neococcoid classification and relationships . .420 Future directions . .421 Acknowledgements . .422 References . .422 Abstract The superfamily Coccoidea contains nearly 8000 species of plant-feeding hemipterans comprising up to 32 families divided traditionally into two informal groups, the archaeococcoids and the neococcoids. The neococcoids form a mono- phyletic group supported by both morphological and genetic data. In contrast, the monophyly of the archaeococcoids is uncertain and the higher level ranks within it have been controversial, particularly since the late Professor Jan Koteja introduced his multi-family classification for scale insects in 1974. Recent phylogenetic studies using molecular and morphological data support the recognition of up to 15 extant families of archaeococcoids, including 11 families for the former Margarodidae sensu lato, vindicating Koteja’s views. Archaeococcoids are represented better in the fossil record than neococcoids, and have an adequate record through the Tertiary and Cretaceous but almost no putative coccoid fos- sils are known from earlier.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Acerola Weevil, Anthonomus Tomentosus (Faust, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Brazil A
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.01216 Original Article First record of acerola weevil, Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Brazil A. L. Marsaro Júniora*, P. R. V. S. Pereiraa, G. H. Rosado-Netob and E. G. F. Moraisc aEmbrapa Trigo, Rodovia BR 285, Km 294, CP 451, CEP 99001-970, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil bUniversidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil cEmbrapa Roraima, Rodovia BR 174, Km 08, CEP 69301-970, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received: January 20, 2016 – Accepted: May 30, 2016 – Distributed: November 31, 2016 (With 6 figures) Abstract The weevil of acerola fruits, Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Samples of this insect were collected in fruits of acerola, Malpighia emarginata D.C. (Malpighiaceae), in four municipalities in the north-central region of Roraima State, in the Brazilian Amazon. Information about injuries observed in fruits infested with A. tomentosus, its distribution in Roraima, and suggestions for pest management are presented. Keywords: Brazilian Amazon, quarantine pests, fruticulture, geographical distribution, host plants. Primeiro registro do bicudo dos frutos da acerola, Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), no Brasil Resumo O bicudo dos frutos da acerola, Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust, 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), é registrado pela primeira vez no Brasil. Amostras deste inseto foram coletadas em frutos de acerola, Malpighia emarginata D.C. (Malpighiaceae), em quatro municípios do Centro-Norte do Estado de Roraima, na Amazônia brasileira. Informações sobre as injúrias observadas nos frutos infestados por A. tomentosus, sua distribuição em Roraima e sugestões para o seu manejo são apresentadas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium Microphyllum (Cav.) R
    THE EFFECT OF OLD WORLD CLIMBING FERN (LYGODIUM MICROPHYLLUM (CAV.) R. BROWN) ON SOUTH FLORIDA CYPRESS (TAXODIUM DISTICHUM (L.) RICH.) SWAMP PLANT AND INSECT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE By DANIEL WAYNE CLARK A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2002 Copyright 2002 by Daniel Wayne Clark This thesis is respectfully dedicated to my grandparents, Richard and Elizabeth McKenna and Charles and Agnes Clark for their years of selfless love and unwavering support. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Randall Stocker, who chaired my graduate supervisory committee, directed my research program, and provided me with personal guidance and friendship throughout my graduate program. He was truly a mentor and continues to impress me with his ability to adapt publicly to any audience and end up being the focal individual for relevant information, professionalism and leadership. These people skills combined with his academic expertise continue to make him sought after at local, national and international levels professionally. Dr. Alison Fox served as an Agronomy Department representative to my supervisory committee. She provided much needed technical support, critical review and focus during the scholastic, research and writing phases of my project. I also thank her for her personal friendship and professional guidance. She selflessly made time for unscheduled meetings and was always available for consultation. Her energetic and personable nature facilitated numerous stimulating discussions and empowered me to increase my own scientific and critical thought. Dr. Katie Sieving, an external representative of my committee from the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, imparted to me the sheer fun of being academic.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Orthezia Bosc (Hemiptera: Ortheziidae) in Turkey, with 2 New Records
    Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2015) 39: 160-167 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1403-9 The genus Orthezia Bosc (Hemiptera: Ortheziidae) in Turkey, with 2 new records 1,2, 2 2 Mehmet Bora KAYDAN *, Zsuzsanna Konczné BENEDICTY , Éva SZITA 1 İmamoğlu Vocational School, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey 2 Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Received: 06.03.2014 Accepted: 26.05.2014 Published Online: 02.01.2015 Printed: 30.01.2015 Abstract: This study aimed to identify the ground ensign scale insects in 5 provinces (Ağrı, Bitlis, Hakkari, Iğdır, and Van) in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In order to achieve this goal, Ortheziidae species were collected from natural and cultivated plants in the 5 provinces listed above between 2005 and 2008. A total of 3 species were found, among them 2 species (Orthezia maroccana Kozár & Konczné Benedicty and Orthezia yashushii Kuwana) that are new records for the Turkish scale insect fauna. Key words: Coccoidea, Ortheziidae, scale insects, fauna, Turkey 1. Introduction that became adapted to living in the soil developed fossorial- The scale insects, Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha), type legs adapted for digging (1 claw, 1 segmented tarsus, are small, sap-sucking true bugs, sister species to functional tibiotarsal articulation); the females lost their Aphidoidea, Aleyrodoidea, and Psylloidea (Gullan and wings and became paedomorphic, while the males became Martin, 2009). According to Koteja (1974) and Gullan dipterous and polymorphic without functional mouthparts and Cook (2007), the superfamily Coccoidea is divided and with a different life cycle (with prepupal and pupal into 2 major informal groups, namely archaeococcoids stages) (Koteja, 1985).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Pupillarial Scale Insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from Angophora in Coastal New South Wales, Australia
    Zootaxa 4117 (1): 085–100 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.1.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5C240849-6842-44B0-AD9F-DFB25038B675 A new pupillarial scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from Angophora in coastal New South Wales, Australia PENNY J. GULLAN1,3 & DOUGLAS J. WILLIAMS2 1Division of Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia 2The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences (Entomology), London SW7 5BD, UK 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new scale insect, Aolacoccus angophorae gen. nov. and sp. nov. (Eriococcidae), is described from the bark of Ango- phora (Myrtaceae) growing in the Sydney area of New South Wales, Australia. These insects do not produce honeydew, are not ant-tended and probably feed on cortical parenchyma. The adult female is pupillarial as it is retained within the cuticle of the penultimate (second) instar. The crawlers (mobile first-instar nymphs) emerge via a flap or operculum at the posterior end of the abdomen of the second-instar exuviae. The adult and second-instar females, second-instar male and first-instar nymph, as well as salient features of the apterous adult male, are described and illustrated. The adult female of this new taxon has some morphological similarities to females of the non-pupillarial palm scale Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell (Phoenicococcidae), the pupillarial palm scales (Halimococcidae) and some pupillarial genera of armoured scales (Diaspididae), but is related to other Australian Myrtaceae-feeding eriococcids.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Walczuchella Monophlebidarum” the Flavobacterial Endosymbiont of Llaveia Axin Axin (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae)
    GBE Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Walczuchella monophlebidarum” the Flavobacterial Endosymbiont of Llaveia axin axin (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae) Tania Rosas-Pe´rez1,*, Mo´ nica Rosenblueth1,ReinerRinco´ n-Rosales2,JaimeMora1,and Esperanza Martı´nez-Romero1 1Centro de Ciencias Geno´ micas, Universidad Nacional Auto´ nomadeMe´xico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico 2Instituto Tecnolo´ gico de Tuxtla Gutie´rrez, Tuxtla Gutie´rrez, Chiapas, Mexico *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: February 26, 2014 Data deposition: This project has been deposited at GenBank/DDJB/EMBL under the accession CP006873. Abstract Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidae) constitute a very diverse group of sap-feeding insects with a large diversity of symbiotic asso- ciations with bacteria. Here, we present the complete genome sequence, metabolic reconstruction, and comparative genomics of the flavobacterial endosymbiont of the giant scale insect Llaveia axin axin. The gene repertoire of its 309,299 bp genome was similar to that of other flavobacterial insect endosymbionts though not syntenic. According to its genetic content, essential amino acid bio- synthesis is likely to be the flavobacterial endosymbiont’s principal contribution to the symbiotic association with its insect host. We also report the presence of a g-proteobacterial symbiont that may be involved in waste nitrogen recycling and also has amino acid biosynthetic capabilities that may provide metabolic precursors to the flavobacterial endosymbiont. We propose “Candidatus Walczuchella monophlebidarum” as the name of the flavobacterial endosymbiont of insects from the Monophlebidae family. Key words: scale insect, g-Proteobacteria, symbiosis, comparative genomics. Introduction endosymbionts of scale insects (Gruwell et al. 2007; Insects have specialized symbioses with certain bacteria that Rosenblueth et al.
    [Show full text]
  • American Museum Novitates
    AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 3823, 80 pp. January 16, 2015 Diverse new scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene with a phylogenetic framework for fossil Coccoidea ISABELLE M. VEA1, 2 AND DAVID A. GRIMALDI2 ABSTRACT Coccoids are abundant and diverse in most amber deposits around the world, but largely as macropterous males. Based on a study of male coccoids in Lebanese amber (Early Cretaceous), Burmese amber (Albian-Cenomanian), Cambay amber from western India (Early Eocene), and Baltic amber (mid-Eocene), 16 new species, 11 new genera, and three new families are added to the coccoid fossil record: Apticoccidae, n. fam., based on Apticoccus Koteja and Azar, and includ- ing two new species A. fortis, n. sp., and A. longitenuis, n. sp.; the monotypic family Hodgsonicoc- cidae, n. fam., including Hodgsonicoccus patefactus, n. gen., n. sp.; Kozariidae, n. fam., including Kozarius achronus, n. gen., n. sp., and K. perpetuus, n. sp.; the irst occurrence of a Coccidae in Burmese amber, Rosahendersonia prisca, n. gen., n. sp.; the irst fossil record of a Margarodidae sensu stricto, Heteromargarodes hukamsinghi, n. sp.; a peculiar Diaspididae in Indian amber, Nor- markicoccus cambayae, n. gen., n. sp.; a Pityococcidae from Baltic amber, Pityococcus monilifor- malis, n. sp., two Pseudococcidae in Lebanese and Burmese ambers, Williamsicoccus megalops, n. gen., n. sp., and Gilderius eukrinops, n. gen., n. sp.; an Early Cretaceous Weitschatidae, Pseudo- weitschatus audebertis, n. gen., n. sp.; four genera considered incertae sedis, Alacrena peculiaris, n. gen., n. sp., Magnilens glaesaria, n. gen., n. sp., and Pedicellicoccus marginatus, n. gen., n. sp., and Xiphos vani, n.
    [Show full text]
  • Coccidology. the Study of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (E-Journal) Revista Corpoica – Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (2008) 9(2), 55-61 RevIEW ARTICLE Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Takumasa Kondo1, Penny J. Gullan2, Douglas J. Williams3 Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) Coccidología. El estudio de insectos ABSTRACT escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, Coccoidea) advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are RESUMEN Se presenta una breve introducción a la briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the ciencia de la coccidología y se discute una application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the sinopsis de la historia, avances y desafíos de discussion section. este campo de estudio. Se hace una breve revisión de los cambios de la coccidología Keywords: Scale, insects, coccidae, DNA, history. desde la publicación de Systema Naturae por Carolus Linnaeus hace 250 años. También se discuten la importancia económica, las INTRODUCTION Sternorrhyncha (Gullan & Martin, 2003). relaciones filogenéticas y la aplicación de These insects are usually less than 5 mm códigos de barras del ADN en la identificación occidology is the branch of in length. Their taxonomy is based mainly de insectos escama. C entomology that deals with the study of on the microscopic cuticular features of hemipterous insects of the superfamily Palabras clave: insectos, escama, coccidae, the adult female.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File
    ISSN 1994-4136 (print) ISSN 1997-3500 (online) Myrmecological News Volume 26 February 2018 Schriftleitung / editors Florian M. STEINER, Herbert ZETTEL & Birgit C. SCHLICK-STEINER Fachredakteure / subject editors Jens DAUBER, Falko P. DRIJFHOUT, Evan ECONOMO, Heike FELDHAAR, Nicholas J. GOTELLI, Heikki O. HELANTERÄ, Daniel J.C. KRONAUER, John S. LAPOLLA, Philip J. LESTER, Timothy A. LINKSVAYER, Alexander S. MIKHEYEV, Ivette PERFECTO, Christian RABELING, Bernhard RONACHER, Helge SCHLÜNS, Chris R. SMITH, Andrew V. SUAREZ Wissenschaftliche Beratung / editorial advisory board Barry BOLTON, Jacobus J. BOOMSMA, Alfred BUSCHINGER, Daniel CHERIX, Jacques H.C. DELABIE, Katsuyuki EGUCHI, Xavier ESPADALER, Bert HÖLLDOBLER, Ajay NARENDRA, Zhanna REZNIKOVA, Michael J. SAMWAYS, Bernhard SEIFERT, Philip S. WARD Eigentümer, Herausgeber, Verleger / publisher © 2018 Österreichische Gesellschaft für Entomofaunistik c/o Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, 1010 Wien, Österreich (Austria) Myrmecological News 26 31-45 Vienna, February 2018 How common is trophobiosis with hoppers (Hemi ptera: Auchenorrhyncha) inside ant nests (Hymeno ptera: Formicidae)? Novel interactions from New Guinea and a worldwide overview Petr KLIMES, Michaela BOROVANSKA, Nichola S. PLOWMAN & Maurice LEPONCE Abstract Trophobiotic interactions between ants and honeydew-providing hemi pterans are widespread and are one of the key mechanisms that maintain ant super-abundance in ecosystems. Many of them occur inside ant nests. However, these cryptic associations are poorly understood, particularly those with hoppers (suborder Auchenorrhyncha). Here, we study tree-dwelling ant and Hemi ptera communities in nests along the Mt. Wilhelm elevational gradient in Papua New Guinea and report a new case of this symbiosis between Pseudolasius EMERY, 1887 ants and planthoppers. Fur- thermore, we provide a worldwide review of other ant-hopper interactions inside ant-built structures and compare their nature (obligate versus facultative) and distribution within the suborder Auchenorrhyncha.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
    INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
    [Show full text]
  • 1427 Ben-Dov
    Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 114 (4), 2009 : 449-452. The species of Lecanodiaspis Targioni Tozzetti, 1869, in the Mediterranean region (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Lecanodiaspididae) by Yair BEN -DOV Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel Summary. – New data are given on the distribution and host plants of Lecanodiaspis africana Newstead and L. sardoa Targioni Tozzetti, in countries of the Mediterranean Region. L. africana is newly recorded from Israel. Résumé. – Les espèces du genre Lecanodiaspis Targioni Tozzetti, 1869, dans la région méditerranéenne (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Lecanodiaspididae). De nouvelles sonnées sont apportées concernant la répartition et les plantes hôtes de Lecanodiaspis africana Newstead et L. sardoa Targioni Tozzetti, dans les pays de la région méditerranéenne. L. africana est signalé pour la première fois d'Israël. Keywords. – Hemiptera, scale insects, Lecanodiaspis , Mediterranean Region, host plant, new record, Israel. _________________ The family Lecanodiaspididae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea), comprising 82 species which are placed among 12 genera, is one the 21 extant families of scale insects (HOWELL & KOSZ - TARAB , 1972; BEN -DOV , 2006, 2009). The genus Lecanodiaspis was established by TARGIONI TOZZETTI (1869: 261). SIGNORET (1870a: 272) first published the misspelled name Lecanio- diaspis , whereas on page 285 he used the correct spelling Lecanodiaspis . Most subsequent authors (see BEN -DOV , 2006, 2009), used until the late 1960's the misspelled name Lecanio- diaspis. MORRISON & MORRISON (1966: 24, 105) discussed the erroneous usage of the mis- spelled generic name, and re-introduced the name Lecanodiaspis . Since the description of Lecanodiaspis sardoa Targioni Tozzetti, 1869, the type species and type genus of the family, taxa currently included in Lecanodiaspididae were regarded as members of the pit scales family, Asterolecaniidae ( e.g .
    [Show full text]