THE ORIGINAL MAGAZINE FOR MODEL ENGINEERS ❖❖
Vol. 224 No. 4638 8 - 21 May 2020
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COVER FEATURE Young Engineers
Don Ashton Bearing Puller
ENGINEERING GROUP Wheezeless Whistles £4.20
677 714
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SUBSCRIPTIONS UK - New, Renewals & Enquiries Tel: 0344 243 9023 Email: [email protected] USA & CANADA - New, Renewals & Enquiries Tel: (001)-866-647-9191 REST OF WORLD - New, Renewals & Enquiries Tel: +44 1604 828 748 Email: [email protected] Vol. 224 No. 4638 8 - 21 May 2020 CURRENT AND BACK ISSUES Tel: 01795 662976 Website: www.mags-uk.com EDITORIAL Editor: Martin R Evans Tel: +44 (0)7710 192953 Email: [email protected] 672 SMOKE RINGS 694 THE MIDDLETON DOUBLE Assistant Editor: Diane Carney News, views and comment on SIDED BEAM ENGINE Club News Editor: Geoff Theasby the world of model engineering. Rodney Oldfield constructs the latest stationary engine from Bob Middleton. PRODUCTION 673 SOUTHERN FEDERATION AGM Designer: Yvette Green John Arrowsmith spends the day at 697 BALLASTED TRACK Illustrator: Grahame Chambers Retouching Manager: Brian Vickers Swindon and helps celebrate the TAMPING TOOL Ad Production: Andy Tompkins achievements of our young engineers. Brian Baker shows that the job of boosting your ballast need not be a back-breaker. ADVERTISING 676 NEWS FROM CARDIFF Advertising Sales Executive: David Holden Mike Denman provides an update on 698 A SMALL BEARING PULLER Email: [email protected] the major track work at the Cardiff club. Graham Asbury makes a bearing MARKETING & SUBSCRIPTIONS puller that can work in a tight space. Subscription Manager: 677 OBITUARY Kate Hall Paul Carpenter celebrates the 701 THE BARCLAY WELL TANKS life of Don Ashton. OF THE GREAT WAR MANAGEMENT Terence Holland describes and constructs Group Advertising Manager: Rhona Bolger two appealing, century old locomotives. Email: [email protected] 678 MASTERING NON_FERROUS Chief Executive: Owen Davies METAL CASTING Gerald Martyn decides to cast his 705 POSTBAG own non-ferrous castings. Readers’ letters. 682 WHEEZELESS WHISTLES 706 THE WATT GOVERNOR Bob Bramson shows how you can get Mitch Barnes traces the development and the whistle without the wheeze. workings of the so-called ‘Watt’ governor. © MyTimeMedia Ltd. 2020 All rights reserved ISSN 0026-7325 686 GARRETT 4CD TRACTOR 710 A NEW GWR PANNIER The Publisher’s written consent must be obtained before any part of this Chris Gunn adds the exhaust pipe Doug Hewson embarks on a mission publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever, including photocopiers, and information retrieval systems. All reasonable care is taken in the and blast nozzle to the chimney. to improve LBSC’s half century old preparation of the magazine contents, but the publishers cannot be held legally GWR Pannier Tank design. responsible for errors in the contents of this magazine or for any loss however arising from such errors, including loss resulting from negligence of our staff. 690 THE AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVE Reliance placed upon the contents of this magazine is at reader’s own risk. David Rollinson traces the development 714 CLUB NEWS Model Engineer, ISSN 0026 - 7325, is published fortnightly by MyTimeMedia of the locomotive that crossed the prairies. Geoff Theasby compiles the latest from Ltd, Suite 25S, Eden House, Enterprise Way, Edenbridge, Kent, TN8 6HF, UK. The US annual subscription price is 132USD. Airfreight and mailing in the model engineering clubs around the world. USA by agent named WN Shipping USA, 156-15, 146th Avenue, 2nd Floor, Jamaica, NY 11434, USA. Periodicals postage paid at Brooklyn, NY 11256. US Postmaster: Send address changes to Model Engineer, WN Shipping USA, 156- 15, 146th Avenue, 2nd Floor, Jamaica, NY 11434, USA. Subscription records are maintained at DSB.net Ltd, 3 Queensbridge, The Lakes, Northampton, NN4 5DT. Air Business Ltd is acting as our mailing agent. THE ORIGINAL MAGAZINE FOR MODEL ENGINEERS ❖❖
Vol. 224 No. 4638 8 - 21 May 2020
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COVER FEATURE http://twitter.com/ Young Engineers modelengineers
Don ON THE COVER... Ashton Bearing Puller The Southern Federation Junior Engineer award winners
ENGINEERING GROUP at Swindon - the little man in the big hat didn’t receive an Wheezeless Whistles £4.20
665 Front Cover 4638.indd 665 23/04/2020 10:11 award (photo John Arrowsmith). www.model-engineer.co.uk 667
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Calls are charged at the same rate as standard UK landlines and are included as part of any inclusive or free minutes allowances. There are no additional charges with this number. Overseas calls will cost more. VE Day The publication date of this issue happens to coincide Don Ashton with VE Day, 75 years ago It is with great regret that we have to report the death of Don – arguably the second Ashton, on Easter Sunday. He was, of course, a major fi gure happiest day of the in the world of model engineering and will be very much twentieth century, after missed. He had been unwell for several years but eventually the Armistice of 1918. succumbed to covid-19. Paul Carpenter looks back on his It would therefore be life and achievements on page 677. remiss of me to let the occasion go by uncelebrated. VE Day, combined with To say these things about system. Then there are the VJ Day a few weeks later, the war, though, is not at all NHS volunteers who do all the represents, I believe, the end to deny the way it brought ‘mundane’ jobs – transporting of the most morally repugnant out the very best in countless equipment, medicines and war in human history – so people. There are so many patients from place to place far. War, certainly, is a thing to well-known examples of and keeping in contact with MARTIN be avoided if at all possible, personal, and collective, vulnerable people. The result EVANS Editor even though it is sometimes heroism and self-sacrifi ce of the appeal for volunteers unavoidable when humanity is that there is no need to was an ‘army’ of 750,000 faced with evil tyrants such as rehearse them. They also are and recruitment had to be Adolf Hitler. part of our history, but they suspended because the World War Two, though, illuminate, rather than defi le, appeal was overwhelmed. left the biggest stain of all on the record. A few of these Generosity extends not only our history, with the blanket heroes are still with us, but to time but also to money. DIANE bombing of each other’s they must necessarily now be Captain Tom has proved that CARNEY Assistant cities by the British and the in their nineties. Consequently, you don’t need to present a TV Editor Germans, the appallingly there will be very few more spectacular to raise millions evil concentration camps occasions, like today, when of pounds for a good cause – and, arguably, the use of we can remember them and a walk around the garden can nuclear weapons against the express our gratitude for their be just as inspiring. Japanese. I say ‘arguably’ courage and fortitude. Some These are the true heroes, because it is very likely that, are even still fi ghting for us, not the footballers or media YVETTE in fact, many lives, possibly in our current confl ict, like personalities, whose celebrity GREEN Designer millions, both American Captain Tom, who has raised is so fragile. Perhaps when and Japanese, were saved such an impressive sum, at this crisis blows over, as it by bringing the Pacifi c war the age of 100, for our NHS. must, we will all have gained (‘Pacifi c’ – what irony!) to an Heroism isn’t confi ned to something valuable from it, abrupt end. War, perhaps more wars though. The coronavirus and will recognise who the so than other situations, often crisis has also brought out the true heroes are and what it is presents us with dilemmas to best in so many people. Many that really makes the world go which there is simply no right of those working for the NHS round. answer. I cannot envy anyone do so at great personal risk who is put into the position and make us realise how lucky of having to make these we are to have such people in Fairlie Minim decisions. the frontline of our healthcare I wonder if anyone knows the whereabouts of Rodney Weaver’s 7¼ inch gauge Fairlie Minim. This rather unusual locomotive was last Thermodynamic Temperature seen running on the Echill’s I have been asked to clarify the Carnot effi ciency Wood Railway. Does anyone calculation given in John Olsen’s letter in issue 4635 (27th know where it is now? March). The calculation is correct but it is perhaps not made clear that the temperatures used in the calculation, as for all calculations in thermodynamics, must be in Kelvins not degrees centigrade. Although the temperatures Martin Evans can be contacted are quoted in degrees centigrade in the letter, they are on the mobile number or correctly converted to Kelvins to obtain the result, although email below and would be this is not made explicit. The Kelvin, of course, is the unit delighted to receive your for the thermodynamic scale of temperature, zero Kelvins contributions, in the form representing absolute zero. The Kelvin unit is defi ned as of items of correspondence, the same size as a degree centigrade but the scale is comment or articles. offset so that 0°C is the same as 273.15K. 07710-192953 [email protected]
672 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 1 2
Winner of the Southern Federation Trophy and Polly Model Engineering prize was Matthew Kenington from the Hereford SME. Young Engineer of the year Matthew Kenington with his 5 inch gauge driving truck. Southern Federation of Model Engineering Societies AGM
his meeting of the the conversation centred for his work and achievements SFMES was held at on the present coronavirus during the last 12 months John Tthe Steam Museum in problems and how they might (photos 1 and 2). In addition Arrowsmith Swindon in the prestigious affect everyone. to this prize three other reports from Daniel Gooch theatre. This Before the official AGM awards were made to young the Steam was an excellent venue for the started there was a very engineers for their work over Museum in attending delegates - plenty pleasant award ceremony for the year. From the Eastleigh of free parking, a superb the Young Engineers Trophy. Young Engineers club, Ryan Swindon. buffet lunch and, before the The Southern Federation Philo was presented with a proceedings got under way, Trophy and Polly Model Southern Federation Special free entry into the famous Engineering Prize for 2020 award for his work and club museum of the Great Western was awarded to Matthew involvement (photos 3 and Railway. There was a good Kenington, a 14 year old 4). Two more young people atmosphere in the room with member of the Hereford SME, from the Hereford SME, James
3 4
Receiving his special award from Andy Clarke is Ryan Ryan Philo proudly shows off his award backed Philo from the Eastleigh Young Engineers club. by his range of models. >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 673 5 6
James Knight from Hereford SME receives his award from Southern Federation President Brent Hudson.
James Knight with his unfinished 7¼ inch gauge battery powered locomotive.
Knight (photos 5 and 6) and encourage young people into is important for them to model engineering. It noted Tom Williams (photos 7 and 8), the model engineering world progress. It was also gratifying that the Southern Federation also gained Special Southern simply because, as he said, to hear of other clubs who are is becoming increasingly Federation acknowledgement the age profile of every club at last beginning to recruit aware of the changes in the for their individual work and is increasing and without a young people into their ranks - demographics of the hobby club commitments. All these regular influx of younger age I hope it continues. with the number of ‘hands young people presented groups the clubs will struggle Before the main meeting on’ model engineers getting examples of their work for the to maintain their viability. He there was an open forum smaller by the year. There are attending delegates to inspect also mentioned the lack of workshop organised by Dr. more commercial products (photo 9) and it was pleasing female involvement in the Paul Naylor on the future of the available, more relevant to hear the very favourable competition and in clubs as Southern Federation of Model legislation, more pressure on comments made about the well and wondered how this Engineering Societies, where clubs to generate income in standard of workmanship. imbalance could be improved. all the delegates were invited order to pay their ever rising In his address to the All these young people are to take an active part. With a costs, the use of computer audience, Mike Chrisp, really involved with their series of relevant questions technologies and methods and the Awards Officer for the clubs, who give them all the and details it sought to see how a reduction in the availability Southern Federation stressed support they need, as do their the Federation might change of relevant training for the how important it is to families, because this support to suit the changing needs of hobby. It suggests there is an opportunity for the Southern 7 8 Federation to update its services to its affiliated clubs to reflect this changing world. This could be with provision of awareness and training of all aspects of club management and related activities with more links to other model engineering services and activities. The 2020 AGM was seen as a watershed and the workshop was included to try and attempt to redefine the strategy and recognise the opportunities and threats. It attempted to focus decision- making on the affiliated clubs’ feedback. It was felt that this participation would perhaps materially affect the future direction of the Southern Brent Hudson presents Tom Williams from Hereford Tom Williams with his 7¼ inch gauge ‘Pedalino’ Federation, perhaps even its SME with his award. constructed over the last 12 months. continued existence.
674 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 EVENTS
9
The display of models and work completed by the young engineer award winners. 10 11
The group of young engineers with awards offi cer Mike Chrisp, instructors, mentors and parents.
It was a useful and were forthcoming. As the interesting exercise which attendances at the regular all of the delegates actively spring and autumn rallies engaged with. How this have been declining, this will determine the way the year there will only be one Southern Federation operates offi cial Southern Federation The group of happy young engineers poses with one of the in the future remains to be Rally which will hopefully engineering greats, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, at Swindon. seen. improve the participation of The main meeting then members. This year it is to be is, of course, if the present the cover group but another proceeded through the held at the Reading SME on restrictions have been lifted at company has taken over familiar program of matters Saturday 26th September from that time. The address of the so that continuity for clubs arising from last year’s 9.30am to 5pm. the contact Reading SME is 82 Bath Road should be seamless. meeting, acceptance of for entrants is pjharrison31@ Reading RG30 2BE. With all the business minutes and the Chairman’s btinternet.com The award for The meeting concluded concluded the Chairman and Treasurer’s reports, with the Australian Association of with Tony Wood from Walker thanked all the delegates for the usual safety offi cer and Live Steamers trophy will be Midgley Insurance Brokers their attendance and indicated appointment of offi cers for presented at this event for presenting his report on the that the results from the 2020-21 completing the offi cial the best working example of claims and trends of the past workshop questionnaire will be business. All the existing a Commonwealth prototype year. He did announce that available as soon as they have offi cers were re-elected to their locomotive in gauges from 2½ the current insurers Royal been collated. posts as no new volunteers through to 7¼ inches. That Sun Alliance will no longer be ME www.model-engineer.co.uk 675 News from Cardiff
1 Mike Denman reports on a busy summer at Cardiff.
The new track extension passes between the tram line and the station.
hrough the summer projects involved the removal riding cars. The 12 units of 2019 members of of in excess of 200 tons of were designed in the club. TCardiff MES continued soil and laying 152 tons of Construction of the body to develop their site between stone track bed and ballast shells and the painting in a the public running days. The and an immense amount smart blue and grey livery was extended loop of the seven of manpower. The Society’s contracted out. Underneath, and a quarter mixed gauge mechanical digger certainly the braking system has ground level track that runs repaid the investment. A new been modernised so that around the outside of about pathway for access to the the vacuum cylinders and two thirds of the original line repositioned tram station reservoirs are combined in is close to completion (photo is another job for the winter a single unit. The bogies, 1). Some new semaphore months (photo 2). The public including their wheel bearings, signals will be needed too. will be treated to the new will be fully checked during The job required 28 four metre journey experiences from the the closed season and, from track panels and 15 six metre 2020 season. lessons learned over the track panels to be built on site. On the engineering side the seven years of operation, a With other sections there was rebuilding is continuing of the programme of replacing the a total of 630 metres of rail, Society’s Hunslet 0-4-0 seven bearings will take place. The 2 1070 sleepers, 6300 chairs, and a quarter inch steam new ones will carry both radial 282 fishplates and hundreds of locomotive running on 6 inch and axial thrust giving a better nuts and bolts. wheels. A member first built ride and reduced wear. The The tramline closed early it about fifteen years ago but axial thrust feature is the new in the season so work could much has been changed by future. begin realigning the track the rebuild. Hardly anything The Society’s 29th annual and overhead wire, mainly to from the original drawings rally held over the weekend clear a route for the ground now applies. New cylinders of 8th/9th June was as popular level extension. The tramline’s have been machined in our as ever with guests travelling wooden sleepers were workshop and the brakes from far and wide. There were replaced with 420 concrete refitted as well as other smaller plenty of guest locomotives ones. The 440 metres of rail jobs. The tender that will be and visiting model traction were fixed by 1680 clamping coupled to the locomotive is engines as well as visitors plates with the necessary not the original and needs coming along to view the fishplates and bolts. some cosmetic attention but excellent stock on show. It’s Five new points were made all should be finished for the a weekend where the jobs on for both projects. The tram 2020 season. hand can be forgotten for a points are in place and the The Hunslet team has few days and the hobby itself The tram line benefits from ground level ones will be laid shared their time with indulged and enjoyed. new concrete sleepers. during the closed season. Both refurbishing the raised level ME
676 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 Obituary: Don Ashton
he world of model engineering lost one 1 Tof its real giants when Don Ashton passed away on Easter Sunday. He was three days short of his 81st birthday and had fallen victim to the dreaded covid-19. To do justice to the achievements of Don would require a book of many chapters as he did so much and helped so many people in different ways and fields of activity. Grammar school educated, he spent his early years with Don Ashton (photo Lise Sharkey). Dad and brother Eddie at Irlam Locks watching the ships on Don was always passionate subtle observations inspired the Manchester Ship Canal about music and studied musicians and one former and becoming friendly with the piano. He learned saxophone pupil is now Assistant Head of tug skippers. They were often and joined the Norman Clare Music for Wigan. He worked invited aboard for a trip to the band. Norman was an expert voluntarily with staff for Wigan next lock and this led to Don instrument repairer and Don Music Services and produced eventually taking a job on the wrote the band arrangements many fine bands. tugs and becoming an expert and worked for Norman In 2010, he brought all on them. repairing instruments. his ingenuity to the full size Don joined the Manchester He attended Teacher locomotive world when he Locomotive Society and met Training College and became became the brains behind the lifelong friends and engineers the metalwork teacher at ’Night Owl’ project (www.4709. Alan, Gerry and Phil. They Urmston Grammar School. org.uk) His quiet brilliance formed the Manchester Don and Eddie then shone for all to see and Locomotive Company and opened their own instrument he really enjoyed himself! together built many fine repair shop in Cadishead. Everyone learned from Don locomotives. It was here The business became very – he even improved Swindon that Don first encountered successful as Manchester valve gears! the ‘black art’ of valve gears was full of orchestras and He was forever solving and embarked on his lifelong musicians. Their excellent people’s valve gear difficulties, quest to master them. Around workmanship led to contracts writing two master books on this time, he also became the with the Royal Northern School the subject, as well as music. Chairman of Urmston MES, of Music. He was writing a dissertation where he spent many years at Don was a greatly respected for his doctorate in music the club. He was instrumental arranger and composer and which sadly was stalled by in developing its great facilities ran music summer courses for lack of funding. and club spirit. many years. His insightful and Don was ever patient, kind and generous, freely giving his time and knowledge to anyone 2 3 who asked. Always understated, modest and unassuming, Don was a thorough gentlemen and a great friend. His sense of humour was wonderful and he always saw the funny side of life with his energy and enthusiasm. He is a great loss to our engineering and music worlds. If you have a story about The Manchester Locomotive Society - Don is on the right Don with Paul Carpenter (4709 project engineering manager, Don, please share it with us. (photo Gerry Clarke). left) and Si King (‘Hairy Biker’, right). Paul Carpenter www.model-engineer.co.uk 677 Mastering Non-Ferrous
Metal Casting PART 3
Gerald Martyn has a go at making his own non-ferrous castings.
Continued from p.622 M.E. 4637, 24 April 2020
BOOKS LIST Foundry Work for the Amateur, by B. Terry Aspin. Pub. Special Interest Books. How to Cast Small Metal and Rubber Parts, by William A. Cannon. Pub. Tab Books. Completed 5 inch gauge LSWR ‘Metropolitan’ tank locomotive. The Complete Handbook of Sand Casting, by C. W. Ammen. did not intend to spend moulds, heating and pouring. The parts being cast are Pub. Tab Books. much time describing the So, before an expert out there axleboxes and buffer stocks Imoulding, melting and writes in to say I’m doing it all for my latest project, a batch SUPPLIERS LIST pouring process but many wrong then I must say that this of 5 inch gauge wagons. You I have no link with any of of the problems are best is my version of the process may think these are available these suppliers except as a described where they happen, and it works for me. As I am to buy but this is not the case satisfied customer: so I will run through it now. a learner and only cast metal if you are modelling old LSWR There is more than one occasionally then I’ve made wagons, which are not the John Winter way to skin a cat (they say) a checklist to use on the job. same as anyone else’s. Then All the essentials such and the different books give This will be the basis for the there is the cost. When using as sand, flux, core binder, different methods for forming sequence of pictures and text. scrap metal these are costing bricks, safety kit, metal etc. Occasional advertiser in Model Engineer. 7 8 www.johnwinter.co.uk/ foundry/model-engineering
Artisan Foundry On-line shop for the essentials, and particularly Superwool, furnace building and metal casting courses. www.artisanfoundry. co.uk/product_info. php?cPath=28&products_ id=81
Vaughans (Hope Works) Foundry and blacksmith tools and equipment www.anvils.co.uk The patterns. Both patterns laid in the drag.
678 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 CASTING about 40p each for the gas 9 10 and when using purchased metal then less than £2. They are sand cast so, of course, need fettling and machining but making things is one of the foundations of our hobby (isn’t it?). The main driver to make them this way, though, rather than fabrication as I have done previously, is that it’s fun. The furnace is all set up with the crucible in place and the burner ready to light, the gas bottle well away at the end of its hose, any sheltering windbreak set up (I use an old cotton beach windbreak when necessary), the metal is in the Powdering. Sieve the sand over. crucible or ready, tongs laid out, leather apron, face shield 11 12 and gauntlets all handy, fl uxes to hand, sand spread out in the tray and tools ready. It’s time to start. I don’t light the furnace immediately; it doesn’t take long to heat up and trying to prepare moulds in a race with it can lead to mistakes. Start by laying the drag top side down on the board. It’s so easy to get this wrong and when it is turned over to discover that the cope doesn’t fi t then there’s no alternative other than go back and start again. The patterns I am using are two-part, with tops and bottoms aligned by location pins (photo 7) because the widest part is towards or at Ramming the full drag. Strike-off. the middle. In order to remove a pattern from the sand and then press it down gently cleanly then it’s fairly obvious by hand. 13 that it can’t be wider below Fill the drag with sand and the sand surface than it is ram it down carefully, paying at the surface, so patterns attention to getting it fi rm also are split so that the widest around the edges of the drag, part can be at a surface - the which should have some form split-line. I’m casting both of lip or register to hold the components in one fl ask with sand in place. Completely fi ll one sprue. Place the bottom the drag with rammed sand to (non-pinned) pattern parts above the top edge (photo 11). fl at (split-line) side down on Strike off fl at with the batten the board allowing space for (photo 12). a pouring sprue and feeder Put several holes in, around gates (photo 8). and over the patterns and Shake parting powder across where the sprue will be (photo the board and patterns (photo 13). These vent holes allow 9). This stuff comes in a big steam to escape and are tub and a small quantity is forgotten at your peril. Try put into a calico bag which not to go all the way through is shaken over the mould to the sand, though it’s not a achieve a fi ne even layer. serious problem if you do. In Sieve sand over the patterns the photograph my fi nger is (photo 10) to cover them well acting as a depth stop, which Vent. >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 679 unfortunately obscures the 14 15 wire somewhat. If one is put through to the pattern then it may part-fill with metal, but this is easily snipped off. Carefully turn the drag over and lay it back on the board to expose the top face and patterns. Position the cope then add the top parts of the patterns, shake more parting powder over the surface and position the sprue stick (photo 14). Note that there are alternative ways of making sprue holes and cutting one using a tube after moulding is commonly recommended as it allows striking-off a flat top Position the cope and sprue stick. Sieving the sand in. face before cutting the hole. With my method when turning 16 17 the cope onto its top face to extract the patterns and do work on it then it is necessary to be very careful because the sand can’t be properly supported on a board in the way that is possible if the face is flat. Carefully sieve sand in over the patterns (photo 15) and around the sprue stick, and press down with the fingers (photo 16). Carefully fill the mould with sand without displacing the sprue stick and ram down as described above (photo 17). Use the Pressing down sieved sand. Ramming the full cope. pointing trowel to press down and smooth it off near to flat (photo 18). Add vents, as 18 19 described above, then gently wiggle the sprue stick out. Gently ease the cope off the drag (photo 19), lift it clear and place it carefully on its edge. If the top parts of the pattern have stayed with the drag (as usually happens with these two) then use the teaspoon to prepare an inlet scoop/funnel to pour into and half the feeder cavity at the bottom of the sprue and half gate channels if desired. If the patterns are still in the cope then lay it gently pattern Trowelling. Lift the cope. face up on a bed of sand. I now usually reinforce the sand together. This and the next middle of the pattern and then cavity and half-gates as above. around the pattern by gently couple of stages are similar to, tap it sideways and fore-aft to Put the cope gently on edge brushing water onto the sand and more easily photographed, ease the pattern in the sand. and cut the inlet scoop/funnel. around its edges using a soft in the drag so are shown in Gently lift the bar and pattern In all cases gently blow out brush. This provides locally the sequence later (photos out and lay the pattern aside. and away any loose sand and more of the surface tension 20 to 23). Tap the point of the Take a deep breath! Using the perhaps use a finger to firm it that is holding the whole affair rapping bar gently into the teaspoon cut half the feeder in the sprue and gates (not in
680 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 CASTING the mould itself). If necessary, 20 21 it may be possible to repair damage to the mould itself using the teaspoon or one of the specialist moulding tools, otherwise if it will lead to a bit of ‘plus metal’ then I just leave it. Any loose sand within the mould cavity must be removed, however. Now put the cope gently aside. Turning to the drag now, reinforce around the pattern by brushing water on as above (photo 20) then gently tap in the rapping bar and rap (photo 21), then remove the pattern gently from the sand using the bar (photo 22). In the photograph I am using the Reinforcing the sand. Rapping. chisel handle to do the rapping but for larger patterns I may 22 23 use a small hammer. I always cut a pouring cavity and gates in the drag irrespective of whether I have put halves of these in the cope. Using the teaspoon cut a feeder cavity below the bottom of the sprue and carefully cut the gate channel from the pattern hole to this cavity (photo 23). Always cut away from the mould cavity to minimise damage. If necessary, repair any damage to the mould itself, and anyway carefully blow out any loose sand. Photograph 24 Lift pattern. Cutting a gate in the drag. shows the fi nished moulds. Carefully lift the cope and put it gently back onto the 24 25 drag using its locating pins as a guide. Take another deep breath! Leave the mould box on its board but put a layer of sand around it to protect the wood from hot metal. It is now ready for pouring (photo 25). Eagle- eyed readers may notice a lack of vent holes in the cope sand. Well, what with trying to do the job and direct the photography this little step was missed but, fortunately, the parts turned out well. It just goes to show how variable the process can be because on other occasions I’ve not been so lucky. After a few goes at all this there getting warm for a while ABOVE: The two then I agreed with myself that with some metal already in the halves of the starting work to remove the crucible. Now it’s time to turn fi nished pattern. pattern from the drag would the gas on full. be fair time to start warming RIGHT: Ready the furnace, so it’s been sitting ●To be continued. for the metal. www.model-engineer.co.uk 681 Wheezeless Whistles
o most people, the appeal of the steam locomotive Fig 1 Bob Tderives from its sight, Bramson its smells and its sounds. The shows how steam whistle is perhaps the to take the most evocative of locomotive wheeze out of a whistle. sounds and with its single or multiple tones its discharge will turn heads and thrill most everyone within its audible range. It may be of interest to readers that the steam whistle’s origin was in 1833, an idea by one Thomas Turner who designed a steam road locomotive. The first working whistle is attributed to William Stephens, a workman at the Dowlais Iron Works in South Wales also in that year (fig 1). Its use soon became standard on all steam locomotives. Its Very early primary role is, of course, to steam whistles. provide an audible warning or signal but the sound it emits is always capable of arousing involved, the performance of Just before the December the human emotions. In models the average miniature whistle 2009 Model Engineer this is often far from the is beset with wheeziness, Exhibition, I was asked to case. Perhaps due to lack of overblowing or dull and lifeless demonstrate whistles on understanding of the principles tones. the SM&EE stand using my electric test boiler to provide the steam supply. This request Fig 2 came right out of the blue and I agreed to make some whistles for demonstration at the show. It just so happens that I had needed to solve the problem of ‘Wheezing Whistles’ several years previously (when I completed my 5 inch gauge B1 Roedeer) and was surprised at the amount of interest that was shown at the exhibition and the number of people who reported difficulties in making these instruments work successfully. This, together with recent developments, has prompted me to rewrite this article, which I hope will be of interest to devotees of miniature steam engineering. Let’s start with a bit of simple physics. The model engineer seeks to scale full Full size vs. size and in so doing reaps miniature whistle. certain benefits and also certain disbenefits. When
682 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 WHISTLE
considering the construction has to have a slot length l of miniature vacuum ejectors, refl ecting the steam velocity Fig 3 injectors, turbines and associated with the lower whistles the question of pressures involved. A mouth steam velocity is high on the blown whistle has a slot height 3 agenda. It is second nature to of about ⁄16 inch. Table 1 shows thermodynamicists to know the relationship of slot length how the velocity of steam l in inches against pressure in varies against pressure. This psi. It is thus most important fact, however, may not be that this is incorporated in the well appreciated by people in design and construction of other walks of life, so might I miniature whistles. explain in very simple terms One of my friends once told that the velocity of saturated me that hot weather assured steam escaping into air at a ‘good whistle day’ and cold zero pressure is, naturally, weather a ‘good injector day.’ zero. Raising the pressure Well I don’t altogether agree to just 10 psi, the steam with this since, with deference has attained approximately to ‘physics’, the grand master, the speed of sound and, at it is possible to make the around 40 psi, twice the speed best of the situation using its of sound. As the pressure principles. I am truly amazed rises further the rate of that so many whistles which change of velocity reduces you see appended to miniature signifi cantly such that at the steam driven models are made GNR/LNER pressure ranges encountered of unbelievably thick yellow sounding bell on full size locomotives it is metal. These personify the whistle. almost constant. It should ultimate in steam condensing be rather obvious that the apparatus! There is no hope model engineer needs to for such monstrosities. Many is to take the steam from the * A ¾ inch diameter tube consider how to deal with this people have said to me that driest source in the boiler and will generate all the sound phenomenon when making their whistles work perfectly if the whistle is remote from volume you need in 7¼ inch miniatures which depend on well on air but were useless on the control valve, feed it with gauge. steam fl ows over the range steam. Hardly surprising, as steam through well lagged * The contact edge of the of pressures which normally the steam simply condenses pipes. In the past, I have steam slot should be apply, say 30 to 120 psi. The and the velocity energy used electrical heat shrink in perpendicular to the fl ow of other fact that applies, and is dissipates instantly upon two layers which seemed to steam, sharply fi nished but critical in any steam driven contact with the great bulk of work reasonably well once not tapered. entity, is condensation. What’s cold metal. the initial condensation had all this got to do with a simple So, having incorporated the been cleared - more on this It will be noted that the whistle you ask? Well, just right slot length, the next thing subject later. The bore of the defl ector plug is the same about everything! to do to ensure a ‘Wheezeless valve and steam pipe should diameter as the internal If you consider a full size Whistle’ is to reduce the be comparatively large, such diameter of the tube and thus locomotive whistle, the steam effect of condensation. This that the pressure drop at the the steam slot gap is the slot height is around 2 inches is achieved by using very thin whistle is minimised. same as its thickness. Many in length, shown as L in fi g sections for all the parts of For the whistle itself, the people resort to gaps only 2 (left). This is to enable it the whistle and – yes - also dimensions shown in fi g 3 are 0.005 inch. This is not only to function properly at the the steam supply pipe work offered as a working design unnecessary but is undesirable working pressure and its that feeds it. In full size, the for either a 5 inch or 7¼ inch as most of the velocity energy associated steam velocity. whistle is mounted directly on gauge locomotive and the is destroyed in the throttling As the pressure reduces, the the boiler or other hot surface sound will resemble a typical process at the slot. This steam slot height must also but on a model locomotive LNER bell whistle. Some remedy reduces the pressure reduce to refl ect the reduction it has of necessity to be important points are: and velocity but, since it in steam velocity. The miniature mounted somewhere away raises the steam temperature, version shown in fi g 2(right) from a hot source. * The ratio of the tube diameter it tends to counter the One remedy that a revered to the slot length should be condensation loss which Table 1. Slot length model engineer friend of between 1:1 and 1.5:1. suits the small apertures vs. working pressure mine employed was to use * The pitch of the note is traditionally employed, Working superheated steam to work proportional to the length of although it also results in a Pressure Slot Length - the chime whistle on his little the tube from the contact tip dull, lifeless tone. When the - psi inches locomotive Petrolea. This of the aperture to the inside steam hits the defl ector plug, it certainly did work, although of the cap. tends to condense, so machine 50 0.4 I believe he found that the * The volume of sound out as much of the redundant 80 0.6 supply tubing tended to burn depends on the energy you material as possible. 100 0.75 out due to the intermittent put into it and is infl uenced It should also be apparent 120 0.875 steam fl ows. All you need to do by the diameter of the tube. that a whistle is in fact a >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 683 musical instrument and its approximate the tube length timbre is materially affected to suit a desired frequency. Fig 4 by the hardness of the To achieve best result it is whistle bell. Since my wife desirable to tune a new whistle is a bell ringer, as no doubt against a frequency source (I are some model engineers or use a music centre keyboard), their ‘nearest and dearests’, this being achieved using an I am aware that nearly all air tight plunger in an over church and hand bells are length tube in the manner of a made out of tin rich copper Swanee kazoo. alloys to give them their Some tube lengths to suit tonal qualities. This might various popular whistle tones be considered overkill for a are as follows: little whistle and, to obtain good results, hard brass tube GWR Warning (thin body): is quite satisfactory. Dear 3⅞ inches old LBSC used to specify GWR Signal (wide body): 7 ‘Treblet’ tube i.e. tubes that 4 ⁄16 inches had been drawn three times to SR Hooter: 4½ inches impart greater hardness and Stanier LMS Hooter – stiffness. I have not seen this 185 Hz F#: 10 inches material advertised since the GNR/LNER High Pitch: early sixties but I have been 3 inches fortunate in obtaining supplies tones. Thus was born their use Chime whistles for of something similar from a When Sir Nigel Gresley on British mainline railways. miniatures can either be friend of mine in Taiwan. The was designing his P2 2-8-2 The A4 chime or, more made with individual pipes essential requirement is that locomotives the story goes correctly, Tri-Tone, comprised or segmented within one the tubes are thin. A ½ inch that he visited the 15 inch C(4) F(4) and A (5) although large diameter pipe. For diameter tube should be no gauge Romney, Hythe and other tones were used. miniature locomotives up to thicker than 0.015 inch (28 Dymchurch Railway in Kent, 7¼ inch gauge, it is easier swg) and ¾ to 1 inch, 0.020 which had fitted Crosby chime LNER Chime: C, 523.28 Hz - to make the whistle with inch (25 swg). whistles to their 4-8-2s, and 6.53 inches, F, 698.48 Hz - 5.08 individual pipes since the This type of whistle is best was very impressed with the inches, A , 830.64 Hz - 3.99 condensation losses will be mounted in a warm draught sound. He had also travelled in inches less. For larger locomotives free environment, say between the USA where chime whistles of 10¼ inch gauge and the the front end of the frames on were a standard fitting. He BR Chime (Crosby): F#, 370 bigger traction engines, the a locomotive. Support for the readily decreed that the new Hz - 7.8 inches, C#, 554.4Hz - segmented monotube design tube is provided by a threaded locomotives should be fitted 6.27 inches, A, 880.00Hz - 3.58 is more appropriate. One extension shown at the top with voices having similar inches thing to appreciate is that of fig 2 at the cap and via a light support stay to secure it to some adjacent structure. The steam pipe end should be left free. It is not desirable Fig 5 to clamp the whistle as this will prevent it from resonating and promote still more condensation. Any condensate must be allowed to drain out of the voice slot which should be set at a slight angle to facilitate this. Fans of different railway companies will no doubt wish to install a prototypically sounding whistle. The frequency of a whistle depends on the effective length of the tube. This, over the range that model engineers are concerned, is a linear relationship and it is thus a comparatively simple matter to tune to a particular musical note. The graph and formula in fig 4 can be used to
684 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 WHISTLE large whistles do use a fair 1 2 amount of steam which will be apparent if used on the smaller models. I am pleased to commend an excellent article by D. A. Gulliver-Brown on Making Chime Whistles which appeared in Model Engineer (20th June 1969) wherein comprehensive detailed instructions were published. Photograph 1 shows a practical design for Use a hardened jig to make it easy to cut out the voice slot. three note A4 style chime whistles similar to his design. 3 It should be noted that the diameters of the steam entry holes into the whistle chambers are different. This is to balance out the sound levels of the whistle pipes such that no particular note dominates. For ⅝ inch diameter pipes the A selection of A4 chime whistles. short tube’s base should be drilled No. 36, the medium, No. 32 and the long one, No. 30. Completed whistle relay valve. Since a reasonably skilled model engineer should be able 36 inches to the relay valve through my mind then I quickly valve are shown in fi g 5. to produce a perfectly good (photo 3) to pressurise a small realised that the steam had For readers with iPhones whistle I don’t feel it necessary piston. This in turn tips a ball condensed in the signal pipe or PCs you can view a to include full instructions valve off its seat to work the and locked the system open short video of a test run save to suggest that a jig is whistle – simples! hydraulically. The solution was with the relay valve on a useful adjunct to form the When I returned home, I just achieved by simply releasing YouTube www.youtube.com/ voice slot in the thin section had to make a prototype and one of the union nuts on the watch?v=heUtkGuGFOY This tubing, illustrated in photo 2. see if it would work. I selected remote actuating valve and shows the performance of Earlier on I mentioned grade 303 stainless steel for all hey presto, the whistle ceased. the whistle at 30, 50 and 100 about condensation losses the working components since Phew, no irate neighbours! Not psi. The poor response at low in long pipes that feed steam the valve would always have only did it do the trick but by pressure should be capable of to whistles. As a member water in it when in storage passing the escape of steam improvement following a small of the SM&EE, for me the and, anyway, stainless works from the actuating pipe, this modifi cation. experimental side of model much better for steam valve could readily provide a show of I feel sure having made engineering has always played seats. Photograph 3 shows the steam from a dummy whistle. many whistles to the above a big part in the enjoyment of fi nished valve ready for testing. On the test rig, the valve works designs this article includes our hobby. When I set out to I duly connected it up to my perfectly but, as ever, it needs all the necessary ingredients build the boiler for my ⅛ scale electric test boiler and gave it a to be proved on the locomotive for making a whistle which will LNER C1 Atlantic, I decided to try. Imagine my consternation under service conditions sound clearly and with good feed the steam directly from when after it was activated which is about a couple of audible tone fi rst time, every the dome via an internal steam it wouldn’t stop! Visions of years away all being well. The time. pipe to the front of the boiler. aggravated neighbours fl ashed leading dimensions for this ME At the time I must confess that I had no idea how the system could be operated remotely If you can’t always fi nd a copy of this Please reserve/deliver my copy of Model Engineer from the cab. Recently, on magazine, help is at hand! Complete this on a regular basis, starting with issue a longish train journey, I form and hand in at your local store, they’ll Title First name borrowed a pen and paper from arrange for a copy of Surname my wife and started sketching. each issue to be reserved Address The result was a steam for you. Some stores may operated relay valve designed even be able to arrange to fi t under the front of the for it to be delivered to smokebox saddle which has your home. Just ask! Postcode a conveniently fl at base from Telephone number which to mount it. The idea Subject to availability was that when it is desired to sound the whistle, a normal If you don’t want to miss an issue... turret type valve would pass
‘signal’ steam approximately ✃ www.model-engineer.co.uk 685 Garrett 4CD TractorPART 69 in 6 inch scale
This article has been written to guide the builder through Chris Gunn the construction of the 6 inch fits the scale Garrett 4CD tractor exhaust pipe designed by Chris d’Alquen. and blast The writer has previously nozzle. built a 4 inch scale Garrett and a 6 inch scale Foden Continued from p.569 wagon so has the benefit of M.E. 4636, 10 April 2020 considerable experience in larger scale modelling. Most machining can be done in the average home workshop but the supplier from whom the castings and drawings are currently available is able to provide a machining service for the largest items if required.
Exhaust pipe and then make a straight piece of pounds per square inch. This blast nozzle pipe with an oval flange welded slight leaking can be stopped While I am at the chimney end, on at a slight angle so it lined by the exhaust blanking plate. I will deal with the exhaust up with the hole in the chimney I have a friendly pneumatic pipe assembly. As I mentioned base. I would then make a engineer local to me who last time, the hole for the sleeve for the pipe to pass fortunately attends many of the exhaust pipe was drilled on the through into the chimney base. local rallies, so I was able to get centreline of the chimney base. The end of this would be also a couple of pieces of 1 inch pipe The exhaust hole in the block threaded 1 inch BSP and then I each threaded at one end, plus was positioned as shown on could screw a standard 1 inch an elbow and a couple of plugs. the drawing, which is not on elbow on the end, into which I The short piece was screwed the centreline of the engine; could insert a plug which would into the block and I cut it back this is due to the fact that the carry the blast nozzle. I would a little to length then cleaned engine is a compound, meaning arrange this so I could play off the zinc coating on the plain one cylinder is bigger than the about with a couple of different end so I could weld it. I made other which throws everything size nozzles when the time three oval flanges, one with two off centre. The exhaust pipe came to run it on the rally field. M8 tapped holes in it, one with 11 is ⁄16 inch off centre, and the Another reason to adopt two M8 clearance holes in it, hole in the block is tapped 1 this arrangement was to and bored to fit the 1 inch tube, inch BSP, so I intended to use give me the opportunity to and one with the M8 clearance a piece of 1 inch BSP pipe for disconnect the exhaust pipe holes but with the centre hole the exhaust pipe. I did not feel and fit a blanking plate when left blank for the test. I had enough length in the pipe the time came for an hydraulic I made sure I could rotate 11 to successfully put an ⁄16 inch test. Water will inevitably leak the flange on the short piece joggle in it, as I would not be past the valves and plugs in of tube past the boiler barrel able to screw this in when the the block, in my experience, so I could screw the assembly block was in situ, as it would especially when testing in when completed. Once this foul on the boiler. I elected to an engine which runs as a was done I welded the flange make a short piece of pipe with compound at 225 psi which to the pipe, turned it over and an oval flange on the end which means the hydraulic test welded all around the joint and I could screw into the block, pressure is just shy of 340 cleaned it up.
686 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 GARRETT 4CD TRACTOR
I fi led the fl ange with the so made one to that size plus hole for the tube in it slightly four more. They were easy to 596 oval on opposite faces so the make as I just silver soldered tube could sit at an angle. I a piece of tube into a standard then assembled everything, Enots fi tting and opened it out passing the exhaust pipe to suit. I made fi ve in all, and through the bush I had made have gradually been working to fi t in the chimney base, my way through them. I found and adjusted the length of the fi rst ones were too sharp, the longer tube until the and were drawing the fi re elbow was in the middle of too much, even on tick over. I the chimney base. There gradually increased the size by 1 is enough room to add the ⁄32 inch at a time and the one elbow and screw it on after in there now was tested on the tube has been inserted. its fi rst outing and seemed to The exhaust pipe then lay at a keep the pressure up - but it is 11 slight angle to take up the ⁄16 a little too soon to be certain. I inch off-centre position of the have one more slightly bigger hole in the cylinder casting. as yet unused. I will carry the Finished exhaust pipe. Once everything was correct others in the tool box in case I I brought the welder to the need to sharpen the blast up a Blower wanted to operate the blower engine and welded the fl ange bit. Photograph 597 shows the While we are at this end of the on the 4CD from the footplate onto the longer section of pipe. blast pipe nozzles made so far. engine it is sensible to look at and I made the decision to I could not get at it all so it was The eagle eyed may spot that the blower assembly. Garrett pick up the steam supply disassembled and thanks to the smallest one on the right seemed to make provision where Garrett had intended the bush which is slipped out is a standard commercial hose for the steam supply to the and fi t a lever operated valve of the chimney base, the pipe connector. blower to be taken from a hole with the ‘business end’ on can be swivelled enough to The nozzle is easy to change in the front of the block which the backhead. I would use a clear it so it can be removed. by removing the chimney, communicates with the steam commercial ball valve for this. Then I was able to weld all the then removing the plug with pocket under the cylinders. The blower steam hole is way round the fl ange and clean the tube soldered in it and Some manufacturers made centred in an oval boss on it up. Photograph 596 shows replacing it. Once I am happy provision for the blower to be the front of the cylinder block, the completed exhaust pipe with the size, I will recycle the operated from the footplate so I made a small oval gland and the chimney base sleeve. old ones, so I have a spare or with the blower valve to hand, to pick up the hole and the As I mentioned above, I two the correct size, as they and steam taken from the two bolt holes. This boss of 1 used a standard iron elbow on will wear away. Photograph turret. My 6 inch Foden was the gland was tapped ⁄8 inch the end of the exhaust pipe 598 shows the arrangement like this and quite handy it BSP. From there I was able to to direct the exhaust up the inside the base of the chimney. was too. The steam is then fed connect it up using standard chimney and fi tted a standard To the bottom of the picture is from the backhead through commercial fi ttings right commercial plug which I the smaller blower nozzle and to the blower nozzle. My 4 through to the inside of the drilled and tapped, to accept to the top, the blast pipe and inch Garrett has a blower chimney. I have accumulated a commercial brass fi tting its nozzle. I was amazed to see valve located in front of the quite a collection of these modifi ed to act as a blast that fl akes of rust are falling block, so I have to get off the over my engineering career nozzle. I had a good idea from off the inside of the chimney engine if I need the blower as they really do come in another builder as to what already after perhaps only a on, which is sometimes handy. Nothing went to the dimension to make the nozzle, dozen steamings! inconvenient. I decided I scrap with any fi ttings left on 597 598
Blast pipe nozzles. Blast and blower nozzles. >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 687 599 600
Blower valve. Blower fittings. 601 602
Blow downs. it.These are mostly Imperial adjusted as required. I made Enots compression fittings, a couple so I had a spare as still available today from any these nozzles will wear too. pneumatics supplier or well- The finished jet can be seen in known auction sites. Push photo 598. Once the valve and on fittings are not suitable piping were complete, I made for steam use. Photograph a lever from a scrap of 3mm 599 shows the ball valve and thick stainless and the bore of associated fittings which the lever was matched to the take the steam through to the one that came off, which had chimney base. a ‘D’ shaped hole in it. I drilled At the chimney base end I a smaller hole and filed it out used a bulkhead fitting to get to the ‘D’ shape. The other end from the outside to the inside of the lever was drilled 3.3mm of the chimney base (photo and I made a small clevis from Full size displacement lubricator. 600). 8mm square stainless, then On the inside of the base made a template for the rod welding rod. I had to drill extra I intend to stamp or engrave a I used a standard steam using a gas welding filler rod, holes in the spectacle plates ‘B’ on the end to distinguish it. elbow as the blower nozzle. which is easy to bend and re- to allow the rod to pass, and I There are a few more details However, when I was testing bend until it was correct. The was able to get in to the front I could deal with at this stage. the engine I found that this rod followed the path of the one using a long series drill used much too much steam drain cock rod. I measured the and my right angle air drill. Blow-down and unnecessarily, so I silver length of the welding rod, and Once the rod was threaded displacement lubricator soldered a smaller diameter cut a piece of 6mm stainless through I added a brass knob. I fitted the two blow-down brass jet into a standard plug, rod, threaded each end, and The blower control is quite valves in the front end of the so the hole can be simply then bent it to match the close to the drain cock rod so boiler as I was aware that these
688 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 GARRETT 4CD TRACTOR
603 604
Completed mud hole.
I made a dummy the boiler shell. The ends of displacement lubricator from the clamps were drilled and a picture of a full size example countersunk for M3 screws, I photographed (photo 602). then these holes were spotted Photograph 603 shows the half through into the dummy mud- size version. I did not fi t mine to hole ring and the holes tapped an up-stand like the full size; it M3. The dummy clamps could is screwed into a blind hole in then be attached to the mud- the top of the block. hole ring and the holes fi lled My boiler was not fi tted with before painting. I believe that Half size displacement lubricator. a mud hole (as I may have boilers are now being supplied mentioned before) but with a with real mud holes, so the would be impossible to fi t after will notice that this picture dummy mud-hole ring. In order procedure will be different. The the belly tank was installed was taken with the damper to make it look more authentic I mud hole will be drilled and as there was not enough operating lever on the opposite drilled and tapped the two mud- tapped for studs that will be clearance. Photograph 601 side to where it fi nished up hole door clamps in the centre used in conjunction with the shows the two commercially (before I had realised I could of the boss and made a couple clamps to secure the mud hole made blow-downs in position. not wriggle the rod through the of dummy studs and screwed in position (photo 604). Once again, the eagle eyed clutter on that side!). them in until they touched ●To be continued.
● Syosky Mike Nicholson builds a 1:18 scale model of a Russian WWII motor torpedo boat. ● Wahya Luker shows how you can build your own 5 inch gauge model of an American 4-4-0 locomotive. ● Beam Engine David Haythornthwaite adds the valve links and crosshead to his Model Engineer beam engine. ● Garden Rail John Arrowsmith visits the garden rail exhibition at Leamington Spa.
Content may be subject to change. ON SALE 22 MAY 2020 The American Locomotive PART 3
Fireboxes room for a grate and a deep The loss of heat from the David The large diameter driving fire, it was inefficient in steam boiler was recognised early Rollinson wheels of the American-type production. Much of the in the evolution of the steam 4-4-0 forced designers to combustible gas that was locomotive. An insulating cover traces the adopt a narrow firebox that produced by the fire did not of wood strips, secured by iron development would fit between the frames get burned within the firebox or brass bands, was the first of the and accommodate an ash to produce heat before it was type of boiler insulation. Early American railroad pan between the two driving pulled into the boiler tubes. images of the eight-wheeler axles. The result was a wood- This rapid removal of hot show the boiler barrel covered locomotive. burning boiler with poor fuel gasses also left the top and with hardwood strips, usually economy, high maintenance upper sides of the firebox cool, 2 – 3 inches thick, secured requirements and a short reducing further the steam by brass bands. The firebox Continued from p.637 operating life when compared raising capacity and causing sides and backheads were M.E. 4637, 24 April 2020 with contemporary British problems with the boiler never insulated. Even when and European examples. itself. To help slow down the varnished, the wooden strips In a Miners Journal of 1859 movement of the gasses a deteriorated quickly, leading to a correspondent wrote: rudimentary brick arch was the use of imported ‘Russian ‘Sufficient experiments have fitted to a locomotive firebox iron’ as a cladding over the been made in the last year, in America in 1854. While its wood. This thin metal cover to demonstrate the great operating life was short, it protected the wood, its blue/ superiority of coal as a fuel was effective in increasing black finish adding to the visual for Locomotives….’ After the the steaming capacity of appeal of the locomotive. It was general introduction of coal the host boiler. In 1857 brick usually secured to the boiler firing, fireboxes remained arches were being used on using iron bands. As rolling narrow but became longer with the Boston & Providence mill technology developed in the crown bars now placed Railroad, but the type of bricks America, a similar material across, rather than lengthwise, used, and their setting, made became available, replacing the on the firebox top. them impractical. Eventually imported material. Eventually With coal gaining momentum a practical brick arch was felt began to replace the in all regions by 1860, an introduced, although not to traditional wood on better increase in firebox size was universal approval. However, quality locomotives. Applied the most fundamental change as coal firing became common in layers, the felt was treated made to boilers fitted to the the public began to complain with a mixture of alum, soda eight-wheelers. The search about the amount of smoke and lime to prevent it burning. for a grate that could survive being produced, especially By the 1880s the 4-4-0s would the use of either soft or hard from engines burning soft have been lagged with either coal produced a number of coal. It was found that the asbestos or magnesium. designs until a style was found use of brick arches, when that would work efficiently coupled with improvements Smokeboxes in the deep firebox of the in firing techniques, provided Both round and ‘D’ shaped engines. While preferring soft sufficient steam with the smokeboxes were used coal, which was the common minimum smoke. on early American-type fuel, the grates could burn Winters along the north locomotives. Later designs good quality anthracite when eastern shores of America can used the round type, with available. be cold, but are positively mild the bottom of the box being One issue with the long compared with those found in supported on a saddle cast and narrow fireboxes on the the great Central Plains, where en bloc with the two outside American-type locomotives prolonged winter temperatures cylinders. The need to was that the fire grate was, can fall to -51 degrees C. As including spark arresters in as can been seen in the boiler the railroad made its way west the exhaust system became cross sections, quite deep it entered a new environment evident in the earliest days below the boiler barrel. While that made the use of boiler of American railroads, when this construction provided insulation essential. wood-burning engines began
690 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 AMERICAN LOCOS
to be fi tted. It was only in the the early pre-4-4-0 engines, but Fig 9 1890s that locomotives were quickly rose to 90 or 100 psi being built with injectors only. by the 1830s. Increases came While steam pumps of the incrementally, partly as a result ‘Worthington’ pattern found of the improvements in boilers’ universal use in American materials and construction, so steam plants and ships, they that by the 1870s the eight- were never accepted for wheelers were operating at locomotive work. 120 psi, and pressure gauges were, according to the Master Safety features Mechanics Report of the time, It is interesting that the universally used. When NYC builders, mechanics and RR No. 999 entered service in engineers connected with the 1893 she had a boiler pressed American locomotive could be to 180 psi, although generally so innovative when it came to regular 4-4-0s were operating design and construction, yet at 150 pounds per square at the same time equally as inch. At these pressures conservative when it came to footplate crews understood aspects of operation that were the contribution the pressure related to safety. In addition gauge made towards effi cient to the issue with brakes running. Spark mentioned earlier, another arrester prime example of this attitude Tenders design. related to the use of gauge The tender for Stephenson’s glasses for showing boiler John Bull, built for the Camden water levels. Early locomotive and Amboy Railroad in 1830, setting fi re to the landscapes Superheating was never used boilers were fi tted with three was a four wheel fl at car they passed through. On on the eight-wheelers. try cocks somewhere on the fi tted with a wooden barrel for his 1842 tour of America, back head, as seen on the water and a wooden platform Charles Dickens noted that Feed pumps William Crooks cab photograph. for fuel. This rudimentary the locomotive hauling his Most steam locomotives These try cocks only showed layout, typical of those used in night-time train produced ‘a operating in America used the level of water at the time England at the time, was soon whirlwind of bright sparks, a single action force feed when they were opened; if replaced by one resembling which showered about us water pump well into the there was no water showing a garden shed on wheels, the like a storm of fi ery snow’. late 1800s. Called ‘the most when the lowest one was shed being used to protect As compensation costs for cantankerous mechanism on operated it was likely too the brakeman. As John Bull burned fi elds and buildings the locomotive’, the pumps late to add water, as by that was not expected to travel mounted, dozens of spark were usually driven from the time the crown sheet was any distance, water and fuel arrester designs were patented crosshead or, less common, uncovered. Boiler explosions did not require a large tender, and trialled by engine builders. an eccentric on a driving axle. were both numerous and a situation that was going Eventually, a more complicated This type of horizontal pump deadly in America throughout to change quickly as the rail internal arrangement (fi g worked reasonably well until the mid and late 1800s; network expand westwards. 9) replaced the simple wire train speeds increased, at locomotive boilers were not The use of wood fuel mesh covers fi rst fi tted to the which point they became less excluded from contributing required trains to make top of the stack (chimney), effective at putting water into to this carnage and in many frequent stops to ‘wood up’ at proving reasonably effective the boiler. These pumps also instances a shortage of boiler one of the many wood sheds for both coal and wood had a habit of freezing in the water was the culprit. Even located along the line. Both burners. More complex winter, despite being fi tted though a glass water gauge hard and soft woods were systems were incorporated with heating coils, and found had been demonstrated as used as boiler fuel on the inside the smokebox, but none it diffi cult to cope with the being practical by 1831, the eight wheelers, depending were completely effective hard, sediment-contaminated great antipathy shown to them on the territory they were as all of them contributed feed water they were usually by all levels of railroad men passing through. The rule of to a reduction in smokebox offered. But their biggest kept them out of locomotive thumb used in the mid-1800s draught. Eventually the disadvantage was that cabs until the late 1800s when was that 2,000 lbs of soft straight stack was introduced they only worked when the their use was legislated. The (bituminous) coal was of equal when coal became the usual locomotive was moving. It was objection raised against their calorifi c value to 5,200 lbs of fuel. Blast pipes of the usual not uncommon for engines to use was in part due to their wood. The 2,000 lbs of coal type were fi tted, although be uncoupled from their trains expense, combined with the took up 40 cubic feet of tender attempts to perfect a variable and run light, up and down the fear of unreliable reading due space, while the 1¾ cords exhaust, as they were called track, to replenish the boiler! to water foaming. of wood needed 224 cubic in America, persisted for Even though injectors were Contrary to the use of gauge feet. On its fi rst passenger many years. They did not available from about 1860, glasses, steam pressure run of ten miles in 1862 the fi nd universal acceptance they were not well received gauges found early favour William Crooks had consumed and had been discounted as by enginemen and usually a with footplate crews. Steam the two cords of wood in its being ineffective by 1870. mechanical pump continued pressure began at 50 psi on tender before reaching the >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 691 first wood shed located along remained a challenge owners it helped promote the repair. It was claimed that in its route. Reportedly, the train throughout much of the new form of transportation and 1870, eighty five percent of crew had to rip up wooden American railroad system into showed pride of ownership. the locomotives in service in fencing to make enough the late 1800s. Either tender As many parts of the eight- America were eight-wheelers, steam to proceed. Such was capacity had to be increased wheelers were of cast and even a decade later sixty the demand for wood for or, on longer runs between iron, paint provided a more per cent of Baldwin’s output locomotive fuel that by the major rail centres, water pick- attractive finish while helping was of this type. The early 1850s Pennsylvania’s railroads up troughs installed. The New to protect the metal. Such was 1880s saw the beginning of had consumed a staggering 40 York Central, which ran express customer demand for a special the end for the 4-4-0 as freight million cords of original forest, passenger services out of New finish that Baldwin Locomotive movements increased on in the process pretty well York on multi-track roadbeds, Works developed a ‘style book’, American railroads, the need denuding the State of trees. began using tender water which specified not only the for more powerful engines Evolution from the early flat scoops in 1870. Needless to level of finish to be provided seeing them replaced by 2-6-0s carts to a more substantial say No.999 was fitted with (there were four classes) or 2-8-0s. Although by this time four wheeled metal tender a scoop when first built to but listed the available style relegated to light passenger with a built-in water tank and replenish its 3,500 gallon of lettering, decoration on work, even this was eventually designated wood storage tender tank. such fittings as sand domes lost when new, and heavy, space was evident with the and wheel centres, or paint passenger coaches on faster 4-2-0 locomotive Lafayette, built Paintwork colours for each class. In schedules became the norm. by Norris in 1837. A decade To non-American eyes, the effect, each locomotive was Used for half a century, and later, Tioga, also from Norris, brightly painted and decorated ‘customised’ for the owner. with over 25,000 reportedly had a six wheel tender. As American-type locomotives Apparently the increasing built, the American-type 4-4-0 locomotive size increased, so of the latter half of the cost of ‘individualising’ the was pivotal in establishing the did the need for more water 19th Century are a distinct locomotives became so American West and helping and fuel, resulting in the typical contrast to the restrained expensive that by the 1890s a the country to become a 20th 1850s rectangular tender finish that was used on their plain black finish was adopted Century industrial powerhouse. mounted on two four wheel local railway. Seemingly by most railroads. ME bogies. The water tank at the extravagant, the bright rear of the tender began to paintwork, ornamentation Demise feature the typical ‘U’ shape and excess of polished brass The American-type 4-4-0 steam and the fuel storage space had a practical purpose. locomotive owed its popularity REFERENCE became more formalised. This For the early locomotive and longevity to its high Audels Engineers and type of tender (fig 10) shows builders the appearance of route availability, reasonable Mechanics Guide No. 3, 1823. the general construction of their locomotives offered an haulage capacity, simple and The Evolution of the American the under frame, bogies and example of the work they could inexpensive construction and Locomotive by Herbert Walker, water scoop. Water availability produce. For the locomotives’ the ease of maintenance and 1897.
A typical Fig 10 tender.
692 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 Why not try issues 6 for ? PRINTED, DIGITAL £1 or BOTH! ■ Get your fi rst 6 issues for £1 (saving £24.20) ■ No obligation to continue ■ Pay just £2.35 for every future issue (saving 44%) if you carry on** ■ Delivered conveniently to your door ■ Signifi cant savings on DIGITAL only and BUNDLE options available If you have enjoyed this issue GET 6 ISSUES OF MODEL ENGINEER FOR £1 of Model Engineer, why not claim the next 6 issues for ❑✔ Yes, I would like to subscribe to Model Engineer with 6 issues for £1 (UK only) just £1? Model Engineer off ers I understand that if I am not 100% satisfi ed, I can cancel my subscription before the third issue and pay no more than the £1 already debited. Otherwise my subscription will automatically continue at the low rate selected below. comprehensive knowledge and advice on various YOUR DETAILS (MUST BE COMPLETED) engineering subjects from an Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms ...... Initial ...... Surname ...... array of contributors, ranging Address ...... from historical articles to the ...... latest show reports...... Postcode ...... Country...... Tel ...... 3 SIMPLE WAYS Email ...... TO ORDER INSTRUCTIONS TO YOUR BANK/BUILDING SOCIETY (please select option)
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Sided Beam Engine PART 7
The main column Deviating from the drawings 44 Rodney once again I decided to make Oldfield my main column in one piece constructs rather than make a separate another base, but again - do your own thing. To use Bob Middleton’s of Bob original design for the main Middleton’s stationary column, see fig 14. engines. Starting with a 2 inch diameter piece of aluminium, I centred it and then pulled it out Continued from p. 644 of the chuck 5½ inches. Using I knurled my main column instead of fluting it. M.E. 4637, 24 April 2020 a ‘live’ centre I turned it down to 1½ inches approximately Having no means of fluting long, then drilled and tapped 3 3.800 inches long, using a the column I knurled mine the bottom face (I used ⁄16 bull nose tool to get a radius instead (photo 44). Next, I inch Whitworth cap screws at the shoulder. Leaving a ⅜ drilled and tapped 2BA and because I had some). The only inch long piece for the top of parted off a little over 4⅜ measurement that is critical is 3 the column, I turned it down inches. Reversing the column the 4 ⁄8 inches. to 1⅜ inch diameter for 3½ in the chuck, putting some inches. This left me with cardboard round the 1⅜ inch Bearing support columns 9 approximately ⁄16 inches for diameter to protect the knurl, Once again – doing my own the column base. I faced off to exactly 4⅜ inch thing and not following the drawing because I found it easier to turn them down 45 46 from 1 inch aluminium bar - I machined them to the same length and tapping sizes as the main column as shown in photo 45. Engine platform The only piece of aluminium I had was 12mm thick so I used this. I marked it out according to the drawing (fig 15) except The bearing support columns are the same Milling out the engine platform. that I made the ¾ inch radius 13 length as the main column. at the end ⁄16 inch radius because I thought it would 1 look better with a ⁄16 inch 47 48 overlap on the main column. I extended the legs from the 11 ⅜ inch radius to ⁄16 inch with a square end so that it would match the bearings. After marking it out I strapped it down square onto a piece of plywood in the miller and milled it out using a ¾ inch end mill as in photo 46. Then using an ½ inch milling Forming the profile of the engine platform. Engine platform profile almost complete. cutter I cut the profile out as
694 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 DOUBLE BEAM
Fig 14
in photos 47 and 48. Then all that remains is to drill the 2BA clearance hole for the main column, round the end off and de-burr. Next, I made my own bespoke dome screw, which secures the platform to the main column. I was fortunate enough to have a ⅞ inch hexagon stainless steel bolt which I turned down to 2BA and threaded. Then I used my own design on the top, which I was very pleased with (photo 49), but you can just follow the drawing if you like.
49
Fig 15 Making a bespoke dome screw. >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 695 Next, I screwed the Fig 16 three columns onto the base plate, and, as I had some 2BA grub screws I screwed them into the thin columns leaving them protruding 1 about ⁄32 inch. I fastened the engine platform onto the main column with the bespoke screw, lined everything up exactly and with a soft hammer tapped the platform on top of the legs. This gave me a good back mark. I then drilled out 2BA clearance 3 ( ⁄16 inch). Main bearings Because my engine platform was 0.100 inch thicker than it should be I made the bottom Bearings instead of using a washer) With the three columns bearing housing smaller than I decided to make mine out of then centre, drill and tap 2BA screwed onto the base plate, the ¾ inch size shown in the ¾ inch brass bar with collars x ¼ inch deep. When drilling place the engine platform onto drawing (fig 16). I machined on either end so that I know and tapping a blind hole I the columns and screw down down two pieces of aluminium where it is and it will not float usually go up a number on the through the bearing housings ¾ x 2½ x ½ inches and two about. The turning of it is tapping size. Next part off at onto the thin column using 5 pieces ½ x 2½ x ½ inches and straight forward - centre, drill ⁄16 inch, turn around and with a the long screws (photo 51). drilled the top piece at 1½ and ream. When it is finished forming tool put a dome on top Place a shaft through the inch centres 2BA clearance. make sure that the top housing of the nut. Saw off some 2BA bearings, nip everything up I lined it up with the bottom nips down onto the brass threaded bar and with some tight. Spot through the inner piece, spotted through and bearings. Drill holes for oil. Loctite on it screw it tightly bearing housing holes for the drilled and tapped 2BA. I into the nut. Mine measured second hole, drill and tap 2BA. 9 screwed it together with 2BA Holding down bolts 1 ⁄16 inch from under the head (I did not drill through because 5 1 screws and marked out the These are made out of ⁄16 inch and 1 ⁄16 inches for the small I thought it looked neater.) centre. I mounted it in the four hexagon stainless steel bar, or screw but my bearing housings Fasten all the screws tight jaw chuck and got it running whatever you have. Turn the bar are 0.100 inch down on size and DO NOT move on until the square and true. (To help to down just below the hexagon so yours may be different. shaft is running free. get it running square I find diameter, approximately 0.020 Alternatively use some bolts, it easier to put a parallel bar inch deep (this is to stop cheese-heads or button-heads - behind the job and in front of scoring of the paint work and it’s entirely up to you. lTo be continued. the chuck face and tap it flat.) I drilled and reamed ⅝ inch - or you can bore it out - then I put 50 51 a good chamfer on the edges of the bores. The profile is then cut out on the top caps. As you can see in photo 50 I rounded one off, but on reflection it looks a lot better square - also, it is much easier to do. Lastly, I drilled out the bottom housing 2BA clearance. Main bearings. Main bearings in place.
696 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 Ballasted Track Tamping Tool
long time ago, when the Canvey club was 1 Brian Baker A starting building its describes a ground level track, we had to tool used by learn to make sure the track the Canvey was level, or had the correct Club to keep amount of super elevation, and that the ballast was firmly their track well ballasted. tamped under the sleepers. At that time most of us were able to bend down easily and were flexible enough not to feel it afterwards! This, alas, is not the case these days so I set to 2 and made a couple of ballast hammers with long handles - something that I had first seen in use on the Brussels track during a visit some time ago. Component parts of the tool.
3 4
Tool assembled.
The hammers are simple to make; I made them both in about two hours and I am not bothering you with a drawing since you will, I am sure, make a pair to match your track and from available materials (photos 1 and 2). Make the handles out of material strong enough to withstand the expected usage, and long enough to use comfortably. In use, a thin layer of ballast is spread over the track and the hammers used each side of the rail to lift the track evenly through the ballast. The ballast hammers are then used to push the ballast under the sleepers (photos 3 and 4). You might also consider putting a long handle on the track level that you use, then bending down is much reduced and life becomes just a little easier. Lift … … and shove. ME www.model-engineer.co.uk 697 1 2
Even the smallest puller was far too big! One of the holes in the fan for the bearing puller. A Small Bearing PullerPART 1
Introduction simply would not fit into the The specification I wanted to rewind an old gap between the fan and the The puller had to have claws Graham induction motor to make a bearing (photo 1). which were no wider than Astbury of two-speed motor, so I needed The fan did have two 8mm and no deeper than Bradford to strip the stator of the old rectangular holes moulded 15mm. It had to have the MES windings. In order to do this, into it and I assumed that claws able to open to fit over I needed to remove the rotor these holes were thoughtfully the 35mm outer diameter of makes a from the stator and this provided by the motor designer the ball bearing (a 6202 metric bearing puller for a very required the removal of one of for a puller to be used should bearing). When open to 35mm, restricted space. the fans and the bearing that the bearings ever needed the claws would have to fit retained it. I had a set of three changing. One of these 8mm into the two 8mm x 15mm commercial bearing pullers, x 15mm holes is visible in rectangular holes in the fan. all of which were far too big photo 2 (arrowed). This was The bearing was at the drive as the smallest of these too small at 8mm wide to end of the shaft so the claws pullers, at 75mm diameter, accommodate the claws on had to be able to fit over the my smallest puller, which were bearing with the screw resting 10mm wide. in the centre in the end of Fig 1 I looked for pullers which the shaft, which required a had only two claws, but the reach of at least 65mm. Note smallest of these was a that one essential part of the 100mm size which was even design is to make the claws larger than my smallest puller. long enough to reach up to the On further searching, I did find bridge piece and far enough some very small pullers on the out from the screw so that the market but these were either far links holding the claws to the too small or had claws which bridge are splayed outwards. were specific for the task for This is to ensure that as the which they were designed, such puller is tightened up, the links as windscreen wiper pullers pull the two claws inwards so or battery terminal pullers. I that they do not slip off the decided that I would make my bearing. Apart from that, it is a own simple two-legged puller. simple straightforward design Bearing I thought that I could make that can be easily adapted to puller general one using parts similar to my any specific requirement. assembly. commercial pullers to make a Commercial pullers all seem suitable simple puller. to have fancy curved claws
698 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 WORKSHOP
Fig 2
As it was to be used as a one-off, the design had to be simple with minimal parts and its long term life was irrelevant as long as it pulled the bearing off without damage to either the bearing or the fan. Part 1 – the bridge.
and some are described as simple with minimal parts and having 'reversible' claws. This its long term life was irrelevant Fig 3 type of claw has the hole for as long as it pulled the bearing attaching the links offset from off without damage to either the centre, to allow the claws to the bearing or the fan. Whilst be used in two positions – one I could obtain a spare bearing, with shorter claws and one the motor itself was a washing with longer claws. This avoids machine motor manufactured having a very long screw and in Italy in 1975 so spare parts the potential for the screw would no longer be available. to bend under load when the The general arrangement bearing is a long way down the of the puller is shown in fi g 1. shaft. The curve on the claws is Making the parts was relatively there simply so that the bridge straightforward without any piece can be made smaller and particular diffi culties. still have the links at an angle to pull the claws inwards whilst Part 1 - Bridge pulling a bearing. I decided to I made the bridge fi rst as in make my claws straight and fi g 2. The only critical bit is to use a wider bridge. make sure that the two 5mm I used stock sizes of bright holes are equally spaced from drawn mild steel for the main the M8 tapped hole and square items and a length of M8 on to the M8 hole, otherwise screwed rod for the thrust the puller will not be straight screw. I used M8 simply when it is fi tted to the bearing because I had it in stock and and the shaft. I drilled and it was easier to use this than tapped the hole for the screw cutting the thread onto a piece fi rst and then inserted an of round bar. You could also M8 bolt and used the milling use an M8 x 100mm machine machine vice end stop against screw. The steel sections that the bolt. This sets the distance I used were 12mm square, for machining one end. 12mm x 6mm and 12mm x Once the fi rst end has been Part 2 – the claws. 3mm. I used short M5 bolts machined, it can be turned and nuts as the pivots. round, set at the stop and As it was to be used as a the second end milled using one-off, the design had to be the table stops to limit the >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 699 cut. If you are skilled with a in position whilst I clamped 3 hacksaw and file, you can file them into the milling machine away the bridge to the required vice. None of the dimensions thickness. Otherwise, mill it is critical and I set the 12 like I did. I drilled one of the degree angle using a simple 5mm holes and used the end protractor gauge (photo 3) stop against the bridge to set against the fixed jaw of the the bridge for the second hole. milling vice. Super precision I used sacrificial short off-cuts is not needed here, but with as parallels under the two the finished claws open at machined ends. The two 3mm 35mm, these angled surfaces radii on the bottom are simply are parallel to each other. I to prevent the bridge marking determined the 12 degree the claws when in use. The slope by drawing it out using a distance between the two CAD package and reading off 5mm holes is not critical, as the angle. long as the holes are both the I machined the ends of the same distance from the M8 claws first photo( 4) and then hole centre-line. carefully ran the end mill over Setting the claws at 12 degrees. the top at the end to make the Part 2 - Claws edge of the claw 5mm wide precision was not required, surface is nominal – again, no I clamped the two claws (photo 5). I moved the end I used a 12mm diameter precision is needed here. together and drilled the mill over to start to cut the end mill (photo 6). The rest central hole first, as infig 3 , recess for the bearing. Ideally of the 12 degree flat is then fitting a short length of 5mm a slot drill is best here to cut machined (photo 7). The rod to hold them together the claw away but, as super 20mm length of the angled lTo be continued. 4 5
The ends milled flat. The 5mm wide flat machined on the claw. 6 7
The first slot cut to 5mm depth. The flat fully machined.
700 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 The Barclay Well Tanks of the Great WarPART 61 This constructional series addresses Andrew Barclay 0-4-0 and 0-6-0 narrow gauge Terence locomotives supplied for use in the First World War. Built without the use of castings, the 0-4-0 design is described as two versions; as-built for the British Admiralty in 1918 and as Holland rebuilt and currently running on the Talyllyn Railway as their locomotive No.6, Douglas. The describes 0-6-0 engines described were built in 1917 and operated on 60 centimetre gauge track at the and Western Front in France. These were small, spartan machines of which only 25 were supplied constructs and none have survived into preservation. two appealing, century old locomotives. The main frame in etc. as the design evolved to The frame components (figs become more functional. Both 292 Continued from p.589 195 and 196) are part riveted the truck and the main frame M.E. 4636, 10 April 2020 and part welded, but welding is are fitted with compression not essential as brazing would springs as detailed in the be equally effective. Where wheel/bearing assembly items may need removing at figures and these are about some stage, bolts can be used. right for a 10 to 14 stone driver. My tender has been modified Photograph 292 shows over the years with bits welded the tender stripped recently The tender stripped for measurement.
12 1/2” 1/4” 1/4” 1/4” Fig 195 15 3/4” 10” 4 3/8” 3” 1 1/2”
7 7/8” Oilway Ø3/16” c/s Stay Mat’l: Ø1/2” M.S. 11 1/2” 11 Fulcrum 1/2” 11
Ø5/16” 3/4” x 3/4” x 1/8” 5/8” 6 Centres angle 1”
Wing Plate
Mat’l: 1/4” M.S. 3”
1 3/4” Spring supports Connection Connection to suit to suit stock locomotive 3/4” x 3/4” x 1/8” angle 1/8”
1/2” x 1/2” x 1/8” angle Rear 2” 4” Plate
4” Mat’l: M.S.
1” Wood 1/8” beam 1” Bearing Plate 3/8” Mat’l: M.S. 1 1/4” 1” 1” x 1” x 1/8” angle
1 5/8” 1 Main tender Tender Frame 5/16” 1 Mat’l: M.S. 3 7/8” 9” 2 7/8” frame. >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 701 for measurement. Due to the Fig 196 temporary loss of the tender Buffer & coupling to suit train there will be ‘NO TRAIN TODAY’ on the CLR, as Tom Rolt was Bolt or weld to informed by a small, hand- 2BA nuts frame written sign at Wharf station when visiting the Talyllyn for the first time almost 70 years Springs not shown Bearing ago (ref 59). release holes Ø9/16” Ø3/8” The pony truck A pony truck, also known as a Bissell truck or bogie, is a
Ø1/4” ” leading bogie with only two Ø7/16” wheels. Its design is attributed 1 7/8 1 to an American engineer named Bissell, who patented Grease nipple it as long ago as 1858. The name presumably comes Railhead Outer Inner 10 turns 14 turns from its use with horse-drawn Double Coil Springs rail cars, which had a leading Main Frame Spring Assembly truck to which the horses were attached. Side view of frame wheel/bearing assembly. The components of the pony truck are shown in photo 292 and figs 197 and 198. Photograph 293 is a view 1/4 x 26 TPI Fig 197 of the footwell showing the position of the pony truck. The 1/8” frame is constructed from ⅛ inch mild steel plate. 1/2” 4BA No side control springs are bolts detailed simply because my tender has none. However, Ø3/8” stay Ø5/16” some side control would be Fulcrum Plate useful, for example, to keep 3/4” 3 5/8” 3 Ø3/8” stay Bearing Plate Mat’l: M.S. the truck central when re- Mat’l: M.S. railing and a couple of suitable tension springs wouldn’t be 1” too difficult to fit. 4BA c/s screws The pony truck of the driving tender supports an area for the driver’s feet and is shown in figs 197 and 198.
1 5/8” The wheel sets ~3 5/8” With outside frames nothing fancy is required of the main 6 1/2” wheels; just plain discs of mild 1 1/2” 1 1/8” steel, suitably turned – and the 3/8” 1/16” 1/2” same goes for the pony truck wheels even though they are outside the truck frame. See 1/2” fig 199. I recessed the face of 1”
1 3/8” 1 1/2” 293 2”
1 3/8” 1 1”
1” 1 1/4” 1” 1/2” Frame Plate Mat’l: M.S. Pony truck frame. View of footwell.
702 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 BARCLAY LOCOMOTIVE
2BA into base of bearing plate Fig 198 1/4” 2BA Side view of pony truck Springs wheel/bearing not shown
” assembly. 1/2” 1 3/4 1
Ø3/8” 1/16”
Spring Pin
1” Mat’l: Ø3/16” M.S. Railhead Ø1/4” 4 off
Spring Detail Pony Truck Spring Assembly 9 turns
Fig 199 Ø15/32” ” 1 15/32 1 ” Ø3” Ø1” Ø3 1/2 Ø3
Main Wheel ” Mat’l: M.S. 4 off 3/32” 4 1/2 4
Ø3/8” ” ” Ø1” Ø2 3/4 Ø2 Ø2 1/4 Ø2
Ø15/16”
Truck Wheel 15/32” Mat’l: M.S. 2 off Main Axle 3/4” 4 1/2” Mat’l: Ø5/8” silver steel
Ø3/8”
Truck Axle Mat’l: Ø15/16” silver steel Wheel and axle dimensions. >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 703 Fig 200
2BA 3/8” ” 7/8” 1 7/8 1 Ø3/16” 7/16”
4BA cap head 1/8”
Ø15/32” ” ” Ø1” 1 1/2 1 Ø1 1/4 Ø1 A A
1 1/2” Main Bearing Block 1/8” 1/2”
1/8” Section A-A
1 1/2” 7/16”
C/s 4BA Ø15/32” 2 off Ø3/16” on 1” ctrs. ” ” Ø1” 1 1/2 1
Ø1 1/4 Ø1 1/2” x 1/2” x 1/8” A A angle
1/8 BSP 2 off Ø3/32” 3/8” Pony Truck Bearing Block Bearing details.
11 my wheels to take paint, but to back’ measurement is 4 ⁄16 The bearings nipple. The big advantage of there was no point really, as inches, which is that normally The main bearings fit in brass using grease nipples is that the main wheels are hidden accepted for five inch gauge. housings (although mild steel grease can be forced in and, by the outside frames and One important point is would be acceptable), which at the same time, any grit etc. the pony truck wheels are too that, as the tender carries are mounted on the outside is forced out. Also, it’s not a small to worry about. the weight of the driver, it is of the frame, along with the problem if greasing up is not The final wheel dimensions essential that all six wheels springing. carried out on a regular basis, should be based on standards are fitted with ball races. As The ball races for the main as the grease stays in place that apply locally; the wheels noted above, the pony truck bearings and for the pony where it’s needed. in fig 199 are dimensioned wheels are positioned outside truck are identical. They fit in Grease nipples are also to suit my railway, which has the truck frame, whereas the brass or mild steel housings fitted to the wheel bearing ½ inch square steel rail and main wheels are inside the 1½ x 1½ x ½ inch. They are housings on the pony truck plenty of depth clearance main frame. The upshot of ⅜ inch thick with an outside and are accessed from the through my points etc. This, of this is that the two bearing diameter of 1¼ inches and an inside of the footwell. The two, 15 3 course, will not necessarily be assemblies need to be on the inside diameter of ⁄32 inch. diametrically opposed ⁄32 inch the case on track laid with finer axle before the pony truck See fig 200. Each housing is diameter holes in the housings scale components. The ‘back wheel set is completed. fitted with a standard grease make bearing removal easy,
704 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 BARCLAY LOCOMOTIVE
should a replacement be 3 needed. The ⁄32 inch extension Tank mounting holes Fig 201 on the inside face of the wheel 4 off Ø3/16” ensures that the wheel bears on the inner race of the bearing r1/4” and not on the side of the axlebox. At the same time, it helps to keep the grease where it’s needed. Bolting down holes The top of the rear tender 6 off c/s 6BA area is covered by a plate cut from ⅛ inch thick mild steel sheet – see fi g 201. This plate supports the water tank 12” 9 1/2” 9 complete with the seat for the driver as can be seen in fi g plate of Rear
194 and provides a base for job on check - 3/4” 7 the storage area in front of the 3” 5 3/4” 5 3/4” 3” tank.
●To be continued.
6 5/8” 5 1/2” REFERENCE 17 1/2” 59. L. T. C. Rolt, Talyllyn Top Plate Adventure, David and Charles, Mat’l: 1/8” M.S. Top frame plate. 1971.
Lockdown Dear Martin, Well into the second week of isolation due to the coronavirus it occurred to me how fortunate we model engineers are with such a splendid hobby to fall back on. Since retiring in 2000 my life has never been busier so, with the stay at home instructions, Write to us the radio sailing, hydrotherapy, Views and opinions expressed in gym exercise and bird letters published in Postbag should watching have all ceased. not be assumed to be in Without a hobby most people accordance with those of the Editor, other contributors, or at home will be getting under MyTimeMedia Ltd. each other’s feet or nerves. delight, being dispatched to the Cock. The number of fi nished Correspondence for Postbag should be sent to: Comments like ‘if he asks one workshop with uninterrupted components is building so Martin Evans, The Editor, more time what can he do to periods for cutting, folding, quickly that this project should Model Engineer, MyTimeMedia Ltd, help he will end up under the turning, tapping painting etc. is be fi nished in the late summer Suite 25S, Eden House, Enterprise Way, Edenbridge, patio not sweeping it’. very rewarding, especially when when normally it takes me over Kent, TN8 6HF Should you be fortunate coffee and biscuits are offered a year to near completion. F. 01689 869 874 enough to have a garden this in the morning and tea and I believe we will get E. [email protected] is a source of relief for all the cake in the afternoon. Missing through this virus situation Publication is at the discretion of the Editor. The content of family but how many times can my physiotherapy, I have gone and continue to produce letters may be edited to suit the we cut the grass? We have had into serious ‘train’ing, as the engineering projects that magazine style and space available. the pleasure of spring fl owers photo shows. please both others and Correspondents should note that production schedules normally from iris trough to daffodils This year’s rescue project, ourselves. Finally moving involve a minimum lead time of and now the expectation of a Gresley V2/V4, is well around the workshop, rather six weeks for material submitted for publication.In the interests of hostas to fi ll the summer underway and it’s proving than sitting watching TV, security, correspondents’ details months and a considerable diffi cult to decide which way ensures you do not end up like are not published unless specifi c number of visiting birds. the fi nished locomotive will a locomotive with a tender instructions to do so are given. Responses to published letters Isolation for the model end up; the V2 looks more behind. are forwarded as appropriate. engineering hobbyist is a attractive than the V4 Bantam Robert Hobbs www.model-engineer.co.uk 705 The Watt GovernorPART 1
ny person thinking of images from the 1 Mitch Aindustrial revolution Barnes tends to look upon the iconic gives a Watt engine governor with short potted fascination: this intriguing and attractive device has found its history way into all sorts of generic of the ‘Watt’ Governor images from product logos which bursts a few myths and company badges to the before outlining how it title graphics of University works. Challenge for a few seasons (photos 1 and 2). What is it and why have one? I have often been asked what a governor is and what it does so, for the uninitiated, I shall explain. Through a simple system of weights, levers and links, the governor throttles the amount of steam entering the cylinder and thus keeps the engine’s speed fairly constant. It should be emphasised that the Watt governor regulates within a speed range rather than at an accurate speed; greater sensitivity was to come later. Utilising the principle of proportional control, effectively the rod and lever connections it has to the throttle constitute Perhaps the most evocative symbol of the Industrial Revolution, the ‘Watt’ Governor. a feedback mechanism that This one’s history is unknown but thankfully it is now being preserved at Kew. 2 allows it to regulate the flow of but now in preservation with fluids (in this case steam) to no load to drive against, I maintain that almost constant found maintaining consistent engine speed. speed was a constant battle Without a governor, an and so have others before me; engine left to run unattended it now sports a pedal which even for a few minutes can instantly kills the vacuum in have a tendency to ‘run away’ its condenser and this rapidly and overspeed itself, or deals with the problem. perhaps to slow down causing While for most industries the the machines it is driving to goal of constant speed may produce less work; bad news at first just seem desirable for the mill owner! Some but not life-threatening to a pumping engines such as the business, in the textile industry magnificent Waddon cross it was critical. This was compound horizontal engine at because variation in the speed A Watt type governor by Hall and Co. Kew (photo 3) pumped against of the lineshafting that the on their Woolf compound beam engine a head of water in its working engine drove in a textile mill in London’s Science Museum. The life and had no need of a could damage the cloth being operating lever is activated at the top governor because the weight produced or, at the very least, of the governor on this example which of the water tended to dampen spoil its appearance. Irregular is of the earlier crossed arm variety. any tendency to overspeed, speed was especially critical
706 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 WATT GOVERNOR in silk mills, where variations 3 in engine speed could ruin the regular weave of the cloth. For the factory owner in the early days, this potential speed problem would be avoided by having a Chappie in Charge, (often referred to as an engine tenter) paid to keep a weather eye on the engine and tweak it now and then. For a factory running 24 hours a day at times, this would mean employing three or even four people working in shifts because even back in those days, workmen needed sleep and time off occasionally. Expensive… A mechanical substitute would therefore be considered by An exception to the norm: pumping against a head of water, the horizontal cross compound engine at Kew, from mill and factory owners to be a Waddon Pumping Station near Croydon, unusually required no governor to stop it ‘running away’ during its working life. rather handy and economical solution as mechanical Origins 4 devices rarely require holidays, I’m not sure what the great even if they do need a bit of man thought of the governor maintenance now and then. An being named after him, engine tenter was still required because he didn’t invent it and to keep a jaundiced eye on the never claimed that he had even engine but hopefully this could though it is a common urban now be one among a selection myth still stated on certain of his duties. websites and in numerous Governors came in many books that he did. This may forms, almost all utilising the be because he was the fi rst operating principle of, and to apply any kind of effective evolving in one way or another speed governing equipment to from, what we know as the any steam engine. ‘Watt’ Governor (photo 4), The principle of the governor which is the type the public actually originated with most often imagines when the another genius, this time of the device is mentioned. pre-industrial age. The design commonly This was the Dutch polymath referred to as Watt’s was inventor, mathematician, the fi rst that was applied to astronomer, horologist and steam engines and lasted on physicist Christiaan Huygens some engines in industry for (1629-1695) who patented another century - and up to and applied its principle (of the present day on preserved centrifugal weights moving examples. Stationary engines outward in proportion to the carried on working reliably and rotative speed of a shaft they effi ciently for decades on end, were attached to) during the being replaced mainly when 1650s to regulate some of his a cheaper source of motive clocks. He didn’t stop there, power arrived, rather than rest on his laurels in a comfy because they were worn out. chair and put his feet up with As the Victorian age trundled a cigar though; in 1658 he on, prodding progress along invented the Pendulum Clock. with it, new engines were History doesn’t record the equipped with a growing origin of the governor as we variety of innovative variations know it but the actual device of the governor, while may have originated in Holland some earlier engines were from Huygens’ infl uence, as it retrofi tted with more modern was known to exist on Dutch performance-enhancing types windmills (10,000 of which Almost the oldest in existence, this Boulton and Watt governor during their careers. existed during their ‘golden can be seen high up on the 1779 engine in the Science Museum. >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 707 5 device after falling out with his usually tried out their new former employer. ideas using their customers as Even though Messrs. Meade unwitting guinea pigs! and Hooper had managed The flyball governor came to win patents, it didn’t stop to Watt’s attention through its other people trying it on. use at the Albion Mill on the While neither of them were south bank of the Thames in the inventors, they held those 1788, some two years after patents and despite being in the mill had opened. This the public domain by the last was a showcase mill built for quarter of the 18th Century, Boulton and Watt to show the device still attracted Londoners and others how attention from opportunists. the new-fangled steam power A letter in the Boulton & Watt could do practical things archive refers to a man called such as grind flour. Here they Varlo from the Hunslet area exhibited their new rotative of Leeds who had travelled steam engine in a real working through the midlands in 1791, environment, displaying their threatening to prosecute ‘Steam Mill’ to the gathered An application predating the Steam Engine: here is a governor in Brixton Windmill. anyone using the idea, crowds (it became a very claiming he was acting as popular attraction with the age’ of the 16th and 17th and the Steam Engine state that nominee or executor for an public) and proving that Centuries, according to Wm. it is thought by academics that unnamed patentee. It would profits were available to be H. Roll in his book, The Roll these two patentees came up seem that he held no authority made – the mill produced Family Windmill). Timed rolled with the idea independently of for these actions because the £6,800 worth of flour every on so to speak and eventually each other which strikes me as device was already patented week according to Vauxhall the device crossed the North odd as they are only about five by Meade and Hooper by then Civic Society. It wasn’t Sea to be taken up in England miles apart. Or each of them and I have found no evidence popular with the established (photo 5). saw it, noted no patent and that their patents were London area millers, though, It would appear that the decided to take a patent out successfully challenged by because its efficiency and governor was adopted at first for themselves. Varlo or anyone else. economy of scale put them with no restriction such as I confess to being surprised out of business and most if patents or any such hindrances that anyone, let alone two How did this device not all of the established mills to deal with; communication people living so near to become associated with closed. in those days was by horse each other could patent James Watt? Anyway, back in 1788 and cart, there being no trains something that was already Whenever what we know it is plain from their due for another century or so in the public domain; the as the ‘Watt Governor’ was correspondence that neither (a bit like today perhaps) so governor was thought to have mentioned in his presence, any patentee would be hard been known for regulating James Watt, being a man 6 pressed to find out if anyone millstones in Birmingham of honesty and principle was using his idea, especially before these two chaps came (most of the time; he copied if he was across the sea in along. The Boulton and Watt musical instruments in his Holland! It didn’t stop people Collection contains a letter earlier desperate years and trying it on though, of which of 24 December 1793 from a faked labels for them were more in a moment. J. P. Dearman, stating that found amongst his Glasgow Another century or more a Birmingham baker called workshop effects!) was quick would pass before anyone Averne had been using one to point out that he merely patented the governor as in his own windmill and that adapted and applied this we know it and in fact, two such devices had been in use device to his steam engines. separate patents were granted around the area for 20 or 30 The earliest records for the device, one of them years – so 1760s to 1770s - regarding governors in the shortly before Watt was alerted by then. Boulton and Watt archive to it in 1788. In the previous As for who actually installed appear to show that the year, Mr Thomas Mead, a them in mills, a freelance prototype development was carpenter from Port Sandwich and apparently alcoholically- tried out on their very own in Kent was granted patent challenged travelling millwright ‘Lap’ Engine, which resides in No. 1628; two years later a called Kingsford has been the Science Museum in South Stephen Hooper, described as recorded as installing some Kensington, London. This was ‘a gentleman’, of Margate, also of these devices in the at a time when engine builders in Kent was curiously granted midlands area around this patent No. 1706, both of these time, falsely claiming to be its patents being for a device for inventor, though there is later regulating millstones and other correspondence suggesting And here it is: the very first governor equipment where first power is he may have worked for one of ever applied to a steam or any other not constant. H. W. Dickinson the patentees and was trying engine, on the Lap Engine of 1788, and R. Jenkins in James Watt to make money out of the in London’s Science Museum.
708 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 WATT GOVERNOR
7 as we go along. More detailed retrofi t to an existing engine drawings are sometimes within a week or so. Towards produced when something the end of 1790 John Rennie mechanical or precise needs requested to them that fi ve making but even then, not governors should be sent always. south to him in London Ever-open to developing and where there were customers adopting new or innovative concerned with speed ideas, Boulton noticed the regulation on their engines too. millstone-regulating governor Powered by the largest installed at their mill and double acting engine so far included a sketch of it in a note built at Soho by B&W, the mill he sent back to Watt and his thrived for a few years – it able assistant, John Southern monopolised the London at B&W’s Soho manufactory fl our business - until an in Birmingham, encouraging unfortunate confl agration them to look at using it on their (common in wooden-framed steam engines too. buildings such as fl our mills, By the end of 1788, Boulton which were lit by fl ames and and Watt were experimenting candles) early on 2 March with it on their ‘Lap’ engine at 1791 reduced the whole Soho (photo 6). establishment to another Within two years, Watt kind of powder – ash (photo and Southern’s version was 8). This was to the delight entering what would become of B&W’s rivals who soon widespread use, copied and reopened some of their own retrofi tted to engines by other mills again after a furlough makers as well as on B&W’s of three years, hopefully own products including the employing some of the 500 engine at the Albion Mill (photo who had lost their jobs in the 7); letters exist suggesting to confl agration. clients that they can obtain a governor mechanism for ●To be continued. Watt’s engine at the Albion Mill showing its Governor installed. Boulton nor Watt was aware 8 of the fl yball governor device when it was installed at their Mill to regulate millstones. I would speculate that the Albion Mill governor was evidently incorporated as a matter of course by the millwrights hired by John Rennie to fi t out the mill. The millwrights could well have worked from basic plans and specifi cations, without the intimate knowledge of either Boulton or Watt, although the former had been working on the idea since 1783, since both of these proprietors would have been far too involved with the larger issues of running their businesses to get involved with details. Like me on most of my professional jobs, or anyone conducting DIY on their home, often no drawings beyond sketches are produced for things we make; we have vague dimensions or a specifi cation of what parts A contemporary print by S. W. Flores showing Boulton and Watt’s Albion Mill ablaze are required and make it up on 2 March 1791 and indicating the glee their rivals felt about it. www.model-engineer.co.uk 709 A New GWR Pannier PART 18
ow, this is something which your pannier Doug 139 Nwill not have as LBSC Hewson never described it so here it decides is in all its glory. You probably that LBSC’s won’t want to use it for fear of well-known it getting into the valve gear GWR pannier tank design but the linkage makes for a far more interesting model, needs a make-over. especially the front sanders as the rodding is all on the top so even if you do not want it Continued from p. 573 working it will make a very nice M.E.4636, 10 April 2020 addition to your locomotive. The sanders at the rear of the locomotive are worked by a vertical rod which is attached to the front of the bunker and has a large handle on top of 5757 showing the front sanding gear (photo The Transport Treasury). it. The front sand boxes are operated by what seems like a the rails! The sand boxes were it to prevent anyone losing it comparatively flimsy little lever either empty or the sand was and this is held on with a 12BA by the fireman’s feet. I think it is too wet with the rain! We ended bolt. Frank made his by cutting very important to put all of this up struggling a bit with the train out layers of brass of different detail on the engine as it will and we had a couple of slips on thicknesses to form the lids. certainly enhance your model. the way up the gradient. It was Whilst we are talking about I was once on the footplate of at the time when there was no these lids, also note the lamp 80079 and, at the time, it was speed limit dropping down to irons on the front buffer beam pouring with rain. Frank Cronin, Kidderminster, so we absolutely as the middle one is offset who was the driver on that flew down there. The record towards the front. This is so turn, said to me that “We will was about 11 minutes from that the door behind the buffer just lay a trail of sand down as Bewdley and I think we did it in beam can be opened properly we are setting back down the 10½ minutes on what was then without it fouling the lamp iron. hill at Bridgnorth to collect our the newly laid track. Note also the old type steps on coaches and that way we can Photograph 139 shows the tank front and smokebox, get a good start up the hill”. 5757 and the view of the left and the old type tank fillers but Hmm, I thought, that seems hand sand box from the top, the later top feeds. like a good idea, only to find and the nice little elliptical lid. Photographs 140 and 141 that there was no sign of any On the underside of the lid is show the left-hand front sand sand at all but we had made a chain with a butterfly type box on 9681 at the Dean Forest a lovely job of steam cleaning arrangement on the end of Railway and the general view 140 141
Left-hand front sand box. Attachment of sanding pipe.
710 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 GWR PANNIER Fig 32 Sanding gear.
>> www.model-engineer.co.uk 711 142 143
Sanding gear connecting rod. Right-hand rear sand box. 144 145
Sanding gear linkage. Linkage cross shaft. 146 of the box and the underside sheet. Remember, though, to show how the bottom of the that brass sheet does not like box is separate and how the paint, so I much prefer steel sand pipe is fixed to it. These for these jobs. I would make translate to 12BA bolts around a start on forming the fronts the edge of the box and 10BA of the leading boxes and to fix the pipe on. This view then you can lay them flat on shows the way in which the another piece of 20swg sheet bottom is fixed on. and solder all round them to Photograph 142 shows the make the back plate. However, end of the connecting rod if you want your sanding gear which goes from either side of to work then I would suggest the engine and has the other that you soft solder the bases fork joint towards the right- into each box but don’t forget hand side under the footplate to insert your spindle in first! where it connects to the lever. That just needs a ½ inch x Photograph 143 shows the 16swg disc on the bottom of rear sand box - that was the it. I think probably the next best photograph I could get but best thing to do is to make the at least it shows to the angle little lever which operates the welded on to the rear which is front sanders. I just love this supported by the rear step. kind of detail, especially. It is Hopefully, you should just this kind of detail which really be able to follow my drawings enhances your footplate and (fig 32) but I will try to give it is something you can mess you a few tips as we go along. about with whether it works The boxes all need fabricating or not! I would start with a Operating handle for the rear sanders. from 20swg steel or brass piece of 16swg steel plate,
712 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 GWR PANNIER
147 148
Frank’s model showing the sanding gear linkage. 149 Front sanding lever on Frank’s model.
I think probably the next best thing to do is to make the little lever which operates the front sanders. I just love this kind of detail, especially. It is this kind of detail which really enhances your footplate and it is something you can mess
about with whether it works or not!
The ends of the linkages on Frank’s model.
2⅝ inches long and ½ inch little trunnion which supports These can all be fi xed to the large handle for the top is just wide, and that should give it. Note that the trough which spindles with small taper pins, made from a piece of 16swg 1 3 you enough metal to screw a runs nearly the full the width preferably ⁄32 inch ones or the plate with a ⁄16 inch collar on 3 handle on and form the bend on the front of the bunker is for thin end of a ⁄64 inch one. For the top. This has a 12BA bolt in it. the long poker. The handle is the rear sanders there is a though a square to fi x it. Below You will see that it is angled offset so that you don’t knock large handle attached to the the footplate is a connecting 9 towards the cab side by ⁄32 your fi ngers when operating it. front of the bunker towards the rod which goes across the inch. I think the best thing to Very thoughtful! Photograph right-hand side of the engine, frames and connects all three do is to drill the two holes and 147 is a close up photograph in fact, just behind the reverser of these to the two trunnions then you can put the handle of Frank’s engine showing the stand. For this you will need a on the tops of the sand boxes. on a pivot and scribe on the front sanding lever connected piece of ⅛ inch rod (the good I am sure you will enjoy making 15 curved slot. The top of the up. Photographs 148 and 149 old welding rod again!) 4 ⁄32 all these little details and you handle needs threading 10BA are two more views of Frank’s inches long and all the bits should make them to enhance and then you can screw a locomotive with the rodding attach to that. your Pansy anyway! separate handle on there and to the front sandbox all now There is a couple of silver solder it. complete. trunnions top and bottom ●To be continued. Photograph 144 is the left You now need to make nine which are just small pieces of hand supporting trunnion of little fork joints to fi t on the ¼ x ¼ inch angle ½ inch long the sanding gear linkage and tops of the spindles of the drilled for a couple of 10BA photo 145 is the right hand boxes, and also for the cross bolts. One has the collar inside side showing the cross shaft. shaft which goes across the and the other one has the Photograph 146 is the handle engine to connect the linkage collar underneath and they bolt NEXT TIME for the rear sanders, and the to the front sand boxes. to the front of the bunker. The We shall make the fi re grate. www.model-engineer.co.uk 713 ork continues on my if fruitlessly, on the axle. I received for over a week now... 5 inch locomotive, blame my assistant, without In this issue: an unrepairable Win between building whom the job would have been radio, a scam, unsophisticated other projects, both completed in half the time... A fi refi ghting, Fry's Irish delight, engineering and mechanical. few minutes with the drill and railways on high, ‘No spik Currently, a chain drive is some shear pins sorted it and Hindi’ and a baptism of fi re. being fi tted to the other now it DOES propel itself along Carrying on from my visit axle. I can’t keep referring the garage fl oor. Not with me to the NESM in the previous to ‘it’ so it needs a name. in it, though. The toothed belt issue, here is a Leyland FT3 fi re As I like the chassis is still jumping teeth under engine of 1938 (photo 1). so much, I will call it load so I decided to remake And this is an East German Deborah. the motor mounting, using ‘Trabant’ fi re engine. With I was asked to check a revelation which arrived, its cardboard body, the term a Pure Sonus - 1XT DAB uninvited but still welcome, as ‘chocolate teapot’ comes to radio. 1) Check internet. It is I woke up one morning. mind. This picture is the right awash with complaints about Since the New Year I have way round, despite the notice lack of servicing details, spare been getting up to four calls on the wall... (photo 2). parts or even help, after the a day from the Amazon Northern Districts Model warranty expired. 2) Open ‘phone scam. They became Engineering Society declares it. Easier said than done. In so predictable that I began Ron Collins’ ‘Crampton’ duly particular it appears to have guessin g when they would fi nished photo( 3). Observers Geoff been wired up from the inside, ring, starting a 8.20am. Once I say it is built like a Swiss Theasby the connecting wires are so was within 2 minutes! Anyway, watch. Said to have a throaty reports short. 3) The display backlight one day, I had a call from exhaust when working hard on the had failed. I spent 4 hours on it a man who spoke English but it also has a ‘stealth mode’ latest and couldn't reach the display, without an accent, saying my whereby it can sidle round the news from the Clubs. or its LED. Verdict: expensive computer had been hacked track in almost ‘Whispering Bob and a waste of time. and was wide open to felons Harris’ silence. Boiler inspector I was hoping to make an and malefactors and asking Phil Gibbons writes on important announcement! A permission to look at it online. protecting your new steel boiler, momentous event was today, I queried this, since if it was inside and out. Laurie Morgan 15th March, expected, but open to all, why did he need has three Stuart Turner No. 9 now is deferred. The Ides of my permission? Ignoring my engines. He began by making March, indeed. I was hoping obvious question, he asked one but in a fi t of enthusiasm to announce that the electric me to press the Windows key, bought two more casting sets Ground Zeppelin, my Bolide, which I refused to do. When he so he then decided to build a had been driven along the asked why, I told him, "I think twin. He also compares prices. garage fl oor under its own this is a scam". Immediately, A casting set then (36 years power! Unfortunately, it was he revealed himself to be ago) was £25, they are now not to be because, although an alumnus of the Frankie £384. The price of a basic, the motor drove the axle pulley Boyle School of Diplomacy, machined engine is £3,000! and the road wheels were displaying an extensive W. www.ndmes.org.au keyed to the axle, the vital knowledge of English Model Engineers’ Society, attachment of the one to the contumely and inviting me to (NI) sends The Link, for March, other had been omitted so proceed elsewhere. Strangely, which reports that several the pulley rotated smoothly, those calls have not been initiatives regarding their
1 2
Leyland fi re engine at NESM, Sheffi eld. Cardboard fi re engine, the Trabant, at NESM.
714 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 CLUB NEWS
3 Willans Hill Shunter, April, signal box at Jhansi had a from Wagga Wagga Society of roof, to keep the monsoon at Model Engineers, opens with bay, but little else (lovely girl Editor, Rodney Mackintosh, – Geoff) due to the heat. At writing on the proposed Godhra a sign in the hotel, in extension to Wagga Wagga Hindi, bore a message at the Zoo. Details of the route etc. bottom, in English: ‘Although are explained, which sounds these instructions are written very nice, except for the date in Hindi, they must be obeyed’. of commencement - 1st April. John delivered his presentation Hmmm! An item on the Jerry without notes or hesitation, can and its origins is written by quite a feat considering the Nigel Vaso. This is remarkably vast numbers of slides used. similar to the one to which He also had three watercolours I referred in Model Engineer on show - railway locomotives 4635. The hydro-powered of course! Cane Locomotive ceased Road Vehicle News to proceed recently, due to describes the Hornet Special the hydro motor seizing, due mentioned in the previous to suspected overheating. issue. Built by Duncan Repositioning the motor and Pittaway INSIDE his house, the air tank and relocating the it uses a 2CV chassis found exhaust pipe should see an in a hedge and shortened, improvement. Peter Micenko narrowed and inverted. Power writes on the poor track- from two 1920s Harley- keeping of the club’s ‘Lima’ Davidson engines drives the Ron Collins’ ‘Crampton’ at NDMES (photo courtesy of Editor, Jim Clark). locomotive so he investigated solid rear axle via eight chains further. He discovered that and it runs on methanol. A move from Cultra are being Two of the originals were the bogie pivot was a ‘rose’ photo from Norway is of a followed. The Cyril Fry Model based at Rosedale in the bearing (rod end) which M.U.T.T., a post-war Jeep type Railway Museum in Dublin North York Moors. This was had at one time suffered an of vehicle, see Wikipedia. is well worth a visit. Mr. Fry a fascinating system (I’ve indignity to its person and was The dashboard is a mass of created over 350 precision walked the trackbeds – Geoff) now 20mm out of position. instruction plates and controls, models and ran them on his and ran at an elevation of over Effectively, this meant that never previously seen in one attic layout. His collection is 1000 feet above sea level. the leading wheels were not place before, says RVN Editor, now in the old Casino building, The model is planked using square to the track, hence David Jackson. Malahide. So carefully built wooden Venetian blind slats, the poor road holding. Peter W. www.bradfordmes.co.uk are they that he was able to which are just the right size. then took a holiday and in his The Gauge 1 Model Railway brush paint his name on each Philip Purkiss has acquired a absence others checked it Association Newsletter & one. A supplement to The model steam driven workshop, further and found many other Journal for spring has been Link describes the Society’s built in 1936, featured in Model defects. The engine was then received. After the winter’s 50 years at Cultra, and the 75 Engineer in September 1936, stripped to a bare chassis and work, new models and layouts years of its existence. Their and which won a silver medal a bucket of bolts. But - what a are beginning to appear. dual gauge, raised track is at the MEX of that year. It sight for sore eyes now! My next local event is ‘Tiny unique in NI and one of only appears to have been built W. www.wwsme.com.au Trains’ at Elsecar in early two in the whole of Ireland. by Joseph Hands, Dorchester Bradford Model Engineering April, Coronavirus permitting. There are also health benefi ts. Town Clerk of that era. A Society’s Monthly Bulletin, This ‘Dignity and Impudence’ It has been established that familiar name to many, Stan March, contains John photograph was taken at having interests outside the Bray, is happily still with us and Holroyd’s talk on his visit the Bexleyheath Show in house is benefi cial to the health visited the London Exhibition to Indian Railways in 1981. December. Both models are to and well-being of those who in January. Don Paton has for Having obtained permits the same scale, 1:32 (photo partake - and not only the ‘Men sale a rolling chassis 2-6-2 beforehand, he had no problem 4). Peter Badcock describes in Sheds’ movement, who, intended for a GWR 4500 visiting engine sheds etc. The a locomotive performance predominantly male, not only Firefly, estimated to be worth live longer but are happier too. £1,000 - all proceeds for club 4 W. www.mesni.co.uk funds. Very generous! An item York City & District Society on pickling (re: silver soldering, of Model Engineers March not “Aye Aye, that’s shalott” Newsletter, begins with an item - Geoff) written by Norman about an 1888 NE snowplough, Billingham for the SMEE built by Dave Ventress. This Journal is most interesting and model won 2nd prize at the goes into the chemistry of the Doncaster exhibition a few matter, plus what to use for years ago. Not only does it best results and what not! look good, it also clears the W. www.yorkmodel ‘Little & Large’ at G1MRA’s Bexley Heath model railway show snow from his garden railway. engineers.co.uk (photo courtesy of Jack Ruler). >> www.model-engineer.co.uk 715 monitor, or dynamometer. A 5 bicycle milometer measures the speed, the draw gear is connected to a spiral spring driving a dial. This is calibrated by hanging weights on a cord running over a pulley, to convert vertical force to a horizontal one, and connected to the carriages. A tiny camera sends video of the gauge readings to the control point. To put numbers on this mechanical algebra, a 2-3kg passenger coach requires a pull of 25-50 grams on straight and level track. David Cairns writes on the Model Engineers’ Fair at Centurion, Pretoria, SA. Formed as the Pretoria Live Steam Club in 1961, they now run on a 13 hectare site. This year a G1/G-Scale track has been added, although it Dick Abbott’s Canadian Pacific, 5931Selkirk at Stittsville, Ontario (photo courtesy of Rod Clarke). is lifted after each session to deter theft. A not often seen Fortunately, a friend of his has depot was Tunbridge Wells by large supermarkets, which locomotive, the Canadian one in good condition, so the West, now on the Spa Valley makes altering the layout Pacific 2-10-0Selkirk , is caught end result could be envisaged. Railway, and his introduction rather easier. at Bexleyheath. (photo 5). My brief review covers less to the art, or craft, took place W. www.micklow. The G1MRA appearance at than half of the content of this on the run to Crowborough. wixsite.com/tmes Sinsheim in 2018 galvanised great 96 page publication. An anonymous writer, possibly The Ryedale Society of several locals to start a new W. www.g1mra.com Editor, Robin Howard, explains Model Engineers February group, who were promptly Tonbridge Model that the ever-growing contents Newsletter reports a snippet invited to the Museum event Engineering Society Newsletter, of his workshop, coupled from Moors Line, at Neustadt, which runs the February, has Bernie Gower with advancing age, meant (Journal of the NYMR) ‘Little Cuckoo Train’ (photo explaining that he began as that a requirement for a given concerning young Eoin Cuddy, 6) - www.kuckkucksbaenel. an engine driver in 1951 after item always involves a sort who passed out as a signalman de Mike Swain was given a attaining the minimum height of ‘musical chairs’, so he has at New Bridge box. On his first very sad Märklin locomotive of 5 feet 1 inch. (He sort of obtained several trolleys and solo turn he had a derailed 9F from the 1920s for restoration. grew into it, then... - Geoff) His stacking bail crates, as used to deal with. Truly a baptism of fire and he came through it well. 6 Editor, Bill, arrived at Gilling on 6th February to find the clubroom very full. On enquiry, he was told, “We thought you weren’t coming”... W. www.rsme.org.uk Graham Copley, Newsletter Editor of of Ottawa Valley Live Steam & Model Engineers advises that the Montreal Model Train Exposition will be held in Kirkland Arena on 20/21 June. W. www.montrealmodel trainexposition.com And finally: ‘Man accused of being addicted to brake fluid claims to be able to stop when he likes.’
Contact: [email protected] Speyerbach, an industrial locomotive of 1904 at the ‘Cuckoo Train’ (photo courtesy of Reiner Frank).
716 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 www.model-engineer.co.uk/classifi eds/ FREE PRIVATE ADVERTS
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Machines and Tools Offered fi tting £15. 1 Magnetic base switch type Buyer collects £250 or sensible offers ■ Adolf Erikson shaping machine. 240 £10. please. T. 01293 519087. Sussex. volt, tooling, dial gauge, 2 vices on stand. T. 020 8363 5936. Enfi eld, London. £350. T. 01560 80083. Launceston. Wanted Parts and Materials ■ A 3” (1:4) running Fowler DCC are ■ Workshop clearance, 5 toolmakers ■ Full set of castings, frame steel and Foster DCC traction engine, my 4” is now parallel clamps 3-6 ins. £15. 4 vee blocks full set of drawings for a 31/2 inch Don to big for me. various, £20. 5 inch face plate screw Young 43x 2-6-0 loco. Unused project. T. 0049 711574987. Germany
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Model Engineer Classifi ed THINKING OF SELLING YOUR LATHE, MILL OR COMPLETE WORKSHOP? Ɣ Need a part for your loco or model CNC machined ? Ɣ Need fine engraving done onto metal ? and want it handled in a quick Ɣ We have lathes, mills, plasma cutters, laser engravers. professional no fuss manner? Ɣ CNC Machine conversions (both lathes and mills). Contact Dave Anchell, Ɣ Custom PCB design. Quillstar (Nottingham) NO jobj too small give us a ring today for a chat ! Tel: 0115 9206123 Tel: 01664 454795 www.routoutcnc.com Mob: 07779432060 Email: [email protected] Artistic fine webuyanyworkshop.com metalworker needed Re-homing model engineers’ workshops across the UK It’s never easy selling a workshop that Artistic fine metalworker needed to work on antique works has been carefully established over of art, working in a long established business with a team of a lifetime. I can help make it easy for six restorers. The applicant could be an engineer, a jeweller, ƅĺūťĺƧıñÑıøſđĺİøċĺŗİūëđĩĺžøñ or a similar person with a wide range of skills including workshop equipment & tools. experience on machines. Soft soldering, silver soldering, Please email photos to brazing and the ability to repair and make most items is [email protected] important. A background of model making, trains, boats etc would be an advantage. Or to discuss how I might be able to help, please The workshop is in Gt Harwood Lancashire. Please email call me on 07918 145419 [email protected] I am particularly interested in workshops with Myford 7 or 10 lathes
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Large 4 bedroom detached family house South
To advertise on these pages contact David Holden at [email protected] David contact on these pages advertise To Nottinghamshire village. 42’ X 9’ workshop/garage, 3 phase power, 1/4 Acre plot, open countryside view. Excellent road/rail connections, 4 Local Model Engineering Societies. Great central railway.
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472720 Model Engineer 8 May 2020 Model Engineer Classifi ed
TToo advertiseadvertise ppleaselease emailemail [email protected]@ mmytimemedia.comytimemedia.com To advertise on these pages contact David Holden at [email protected]
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