An Introductory Study of Systematic Theology Dr
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AN INTRODUCTORY STUDY OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY The foundations of an old church on Exploits Islands, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland, Canada. DR. STANFORD E. MURRELL “For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ.” 1 Corinthians 3:11 AN INTRODUCTORY STUDY OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY WITH REFERENCES TO THE BAPTIST CONFESSION OF FAITH OF 1689 BY STANFORD E. MURRELL, TH.D. “For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ.” 1 Corinthians 3:11 2 AN INTRODUCTORY STUDY OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY Table of Contents Preface to the Study of Biblical Theology Part I Theology Proper: The Study of God Introduction A Confession of faith Definition of Theology Theology Is Universal Chapter 1 The Method of Theology The Speculative Method The Mysticism Method The Inductive Method Chapter 2 The Source of Theology Five Kinds of Theology Natural Theology Revealed (Biblical) Theology Dogmatic Theology Practical Theology Theology Proper Chapter 3 Can God Be Known? The Biblical Declaration The Argument of the Agnostics A Response to Agnosticism The Distinction between Apprehension and Comprehension Can God Be Defined? 3 Chapter 4 Arguments for the Existence of God The Ontological Argument Evaluation of the Ontological Argument The Cosmological Argument Resistance to Reason A Reasonable Response The Teleological Argument Objection to the Teleological Argument The Moral Argument The Historical Argument Chapter 5 Anti-Theistic Theories Atheism Polytheism Materialism Objections to Materialism Pantheism The Pain of Pantheism The Promises of God Chapter 6 Anti-Christian Theories Deism History of Deism Objections to Deism Rationalism A Challenge to Rationalism Pessimism The Doctrine of a Finite God Your God Is Too Small Chapter 7 The Nature of God The Oneness of God The Personality of God God Creates God Eliminates God Furnishes What Is Needed To Sustain Life God Exalts 4 God Loves God Is Concerned God Answers Prayers God Hates God Repents Objections to the Personality of God Knowing What Is Known The Substance of God The Attributes of God Omnipresence Infinitude Eternality Immutability Sovereignty Transcendence Immanence A Trinity of Persons Proof of the Trinity Denial of the Trinity Arianism Semi-Arianism Sabellianism Unitarianism Defenders of the Faith Justine Martyr Irenaeus Clement Of Alexandria Tertullian Hyppolytus Origen The Tri-Unity The Relation between Father, Son, and Holy Spirit The Value of the Doctrine of the Trinity The Holy Spirit The Spirit Is a Person Chapter 8 The Decrees of God A Confession of faith: God Has a Purpose A Distinction in the Divine Decree The Decree of God God Has Decreed the General Course of History 5 God Has Decreed Particular Events God Has Decreed the Salvation of Sinners God Has Decreed the Evil That Men Do God Has Decreed All Accidental Events God Has Decreed the Means As Well As the End of All Things The Order of the Decrees Supralapsarianism Infralapsarian God's Decree Makes Foreknowledge Possible The Decree In Reference To Free Agency Additional Arguments Chapter 9 The Works of God A Confession of faith Creation Three Possible Explanations of Creation Creation and Evolution The Sad State of the Theistic Evolutionist Remarks On Evolution In General Providence Is Creation Continual? The Extent of Divine Providence God Governs the Physical Universe God Governs the Animal Creation God Governs the Events of Human History God Governs the Lives of Individuals God Governs the Smallest Details of Life God Governs the Fortuitous Events God Governs the Free Actions of Men God Governs the Sinful Actions of Men God Is Not the Author of Sin Why Sin Is Allowed In the Saints The Purpose of Sin in the Unsaved Definition of A Miracle Classification of Miracles Are Miracles Probable or Improbable? A World without Miracles Miracles Are Instructive When and where Do Miracles Occur? Objections by Rationalism and Modernism The Silence of the Skeptics 6 Special Arguments for Miracles Part II Bibliology: The Study of the Bible Chapter 10 The Scriptures A Confession of faith Definition of Bibliology The Books of the Bible A Revelation from God The Bible: A Book That Can Be Believed Great Belief Is Not Bibliolatry A Day of Divine Discovery The Harmony of the Bible The Bible Reveals One Story The Essential Unity in the Scriptural Narrative The Centrality of Christ Liberal Theology and the Lord of Glory Responding To the Rationalists Chapter 11 Our God Breathed Book: The Bible The Inspiration of Scriptures Negative Theories of Divine Inspiration Plenary and Verbal Inspiration Inspiration and Inerrancy The Autographs What Do the Scriptures Say as to Their Own Inerrancy? Old Testament Claims to Divine Inspiration The New Testament Affirms the Inspiration of the Old Testament The Inspiration of the New Testament Proof of Inspiration from General Consideration The Testimony of Jesus Christ Christ’s Appeal to the Scriptures Inspiration and the Prophets What about the Various Readings? The Dead Sea Scrolls The Septuagint The Authority of the Scriptures The Perspicuity (Clearness) of Scriptures Is Formal Education Necessary to Understand the Bible? The Church Fathers Were The Apostles Deceived? 7 Part III Anthropology: The Study of Man Chapter 12 The Origin of Man A Confession of faith A Definition of Anthropology The Soul Is Not a Divine Emanation The Soul Is Not a Form of God The Soul Is Not the Product of Spontaneous Generation The Soul Cannot Be Accounted For By Evolution What Is the Soul? Rational Objections to Evolution The Great Gaps The Insufficiency of Time The Sterility of Birds The Remains of Men The Discrepancies between Kingdoms The Law of Entropy The Lack of Visual Evidence The Logical Impossibility of the Evolutionary Process A Theory of Recapitulation The Recapitulation Theory Does Not Matter The Harm of Change The Fossils Say No! Questions Raised By the Theory of Evolution Chapter 13 The Origin of the Soul How Does the Soul Come Into Existence? Traducianism Arguments from Scripture for Traducianism The Case for Creationism The Critics of Creationism Summary Evaluation Chapter 14 The Nature of Man Dichotomy: A Division between Soul and Body Scriptural Evidence of Dichotomy The Trichotomy Theory: Body, Soul, and Spirit 8 Arguments against the Trichotomous Theory Three Main Theories as to Free Agency Fatalism Self-determination Free Agency The Relation of Free Will to Regeneration Chapter 15 The Original State of Man From The Hand of God The Soul Was Created In the Image of God How Did God Create Man? A Selected View of Man’s Original State The Pelagian Doctrine of Man's Original State Chapter 16 The Covenant of Works What Is A Covenant? The Doctrine Defined The Scriptural Evidence for a Covenant of Works A Representative for Posterity Probation Chapter 17 The Fall of Man Was There A Fall? Two Difficulties Observations The Effects of the Fall—Degeneracy and Death A Federal Representative Imputation of Sin The Federal and Natural Headship of Adam The Theory of Direct Divine Efficiency Objections to a Federal Representation The Theory of Physical Depravity Objections to the Idea of Physical Depravity Chapter 18 The Relation of Adam's Sin to Posterity The Fact of Sin Is Proved by the Bible The Fact of Sin Is Proved by Consciousness The Fact of Sin Is Proved by Casual Observation 9 The Fact of Sin Is Proved by the Need for Laws The Fact of Sin Is Proved In Literature Definitions of Sin A Biblical Definition of Sin What Sin Is Not Original Sin The Scriptures and Original Sin The Universality of Sin Personal Experience with Sin The Nature and Effect of Original Sin The Consequences and Characterization of Sin Total Depravity The Pelagian View of Sin The Semi-Pelagian View of Sin The Arminian Doctrine of Sin Remarks on Arminianism Arminianism and the Nature of Original Sin Synergism and Salvation Chapter 19 Total Inability A Confession of faith Various Views of Inability The Pelagian View The Semi-Pelagian View The Augustinian / Reformed View What Inability Is Not The Meaning of the Doctrine of Inability Scriptural Evidence of Inability What Can Man Do In The Process Of Salvation? Objections Answered Against the Doctrine of Innate Inability Part IV Soteriology: The Study of Salvation Chapter 20 Salvation and the Sovereign Definition Six Presuppositions of Soteriology The Fall of Man The Order of the Decrees The Infralapsarian View 10 The Supralapsarianism View Election Precedes Salvation The Covenant of Redemption Evidence that Such a Covenant Was Made The Covenant of Grace The Doctrine of Election The Extent of the Elective Decree Various Views of the Nature and Ground of Election Conditional Election Election Is Personal Election Is To Faith and Good Works Limiting Election The Doctrine of A Definite Redemption Is Election Based upon Foreseen Faith and Works? Election and the Weak But Who Will Come? Free Will Is Not Sufficient To Save Redemption: Accomplished and Applied Human Responsibility for Sin The Results of Election The Difficulties of Election Answers to Arguments against Election The Signs of Election Election Is Of God Election Does Not Rest In Man Election Demands a Sovereign Saviour The Hope That Is Found In Election The Great Mystery of Election The Transcending Thoughts of God The Purpose of Election If Men Are Not Saved The Ground of Election Election and Reprobation Summary of the Doctrine of Election A Confession of faith: The Doctrine of Predestination Scriptural Evidence for Predestination Chapter 21 The Historical Background of Redemption The Desire of the Ages The