Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 174 / Friday, September 8, 1995 / Proposed Rules
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Atoll Research Bulletin No. 303
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 303 ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE GORGONACEA FROM MARTINIQUE AND GUADELOUPE ISLANDS (F. W. I.) BY PHILIPPOT VERONIQUE ISSUED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.SA AUGUST 1987 ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE GORGONACEA FROM MARTINIQUE AND GUADELOUPE ISLANDS (F. W. I.) BY PHILIPPOT VERONIQUE ABSTRACT Seventy-five species of Gorgonians are recorded from Martinique and Guadeloupe. Twenty-two were exclusively collected during the Blake expedition (1877-1880). Fifty were recently observed by SCUBA diving and three were dredged in Guadeloupe. Among them, 13 species (I'lexaura nina, Eunicea clavigera, .knighti, E.pinta, E.palmeri, Muricea pinnata, Muriceopsis petila, Lophogorgia hebes, Leptogorgia setacea, L.virgulata, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae, P.hystrix and Pterogorgia anceDs) and 2 forms (Plexaura homomalla forma kuekenthali and Eunicea calyculata forma coronata) are recorded for the first time in the Windward Group of the Lesser Antilles. I - INTRODUCTION Previous works have shown the high abundance of the Gorgonacea in the West Indies. Early taxonomic studies were published by several biologists as Duchassaing and Michelotti (18601, Verrill (18831, Kukenthal (19161, Kunze (19161 and Riess (\1929). Deichmann (1936) published an important monograph on the octocorallians of the West Indies region and more recently, Bayer (1961) made a general review of the shallow-water Octocorallia. Ecological assemblages of gorgonians of several West Indies zones have been recently studied. Gordon (1925) described the communities occuring around Curacao Islands. Guitart-Manday (1959) studied a portion of the coast of Cuba and observaticns upon Gorgonians living on the Mexican coast were published by Chamberlain (1966). Then, Gonzalez-Brito (1970) published a list of octocorallians from Puerto-Rico and Goldberg (1973) on the reefs of Florida. -
A Mass Mortality of <I>Gorgonia Ventalina</I>
BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 50(3): 522-526. 1992 A MASS MORTALITY OF GORGONIA VENT ALINA (CNIDARIA: GORGONIIDAE) IN THE SANTA MARTA AREA, CARIBBEAN COAST OF COLOMBIA Jaime Garzon-Ferreira and Sven Zea The steep, rocky shores of the Santa Marta area (including the Tayrona Natural Park) in the Colombian Caribbean (11012'N and 74°14'W to 11°18'N and 73°54'W) comprise more than 90 km of irregular shoreline (Fig. 1). Hard substrata continue below the sea surface usually down to a maximum depth of 30 m, supporting rich communities of reef associated organisms (Garzon-Ferreira and Cano, 1990). Gorgonaceans are common and can dominate the sessile biocoenosis at some sites. The sea fan, Gorgonia ventalina Linnaeus (Cnidaria, Gorgoniidae), was known as one of the most conspicuous and abundant of the 39 living species of gorgonaceans in the area (Botero, 1987a, 1987b; pers. observ.). In September 1988, one of us (J.G.-F.) started to dive intensively in the area to map marine communities, and noted the absence of live individuals of sea fans. By the end of 1990, J.G.-F. had surveyed most of the coast to a depth of 20-30 m, and was able to recognize the dramatic mortality suffered by sea fans around Santa Marta. This note documents this mass mortality, compares it with other similar events and discusses its possible date of occurrence and causes. There are a few reports of octocoral mass mortalities in the tropical western Atlantic, all of which involved mainly sea fans and occurred along the southern Caribbean during the 1980's (Fig. -
Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with Diagnoses of New Taxa
PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 94(3), 1981, pp. 902-947 KEY TO THE GENERA OF OCTOCORALLIA EXCLUSIVE OF PENNATULACEA (COELENTERATA: ANTHOZOA), WITH DIAGNOSES OF NEW TAXA Frederick M. Bayer Abstract.—A serial key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of the Pennatulacea is presented. New taxa introduced are Olindagorgia, new genus for Pseudopterogorgia marcgravii Bayer; Nicaule, new genus for N. crucifera, new species; and Lytreia, new genus for Thesea plana Deich- mann. Ideogorgia is proposed as a replacement ñame for Dendrogorgia Simpson, 1910, not Duchassaing, 1870, and Helicogorgia for Hicksonella Simpson, December 1910, not Nutting, May 1910. A revised classification is provided. Introduction The key presented here was an essential outgrowth of work on a general revisión of the octocoral fauna of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. The far-reaching zoogeographical affinities of this fauna made it impossible in the course of this study to ignore genera from any part of the world, and it soon became clear that many of them require redefinition according to modern taxonomic standards. Therefore, the type-species of as many genera as possible have been examined, often on the basis of original type material, and a fully illustrated generic revisión is in course of preparation as an essential first stage in the redescription of western Atlantic species. The key prepared to accompany this generic review has now reached a stage that would benefit from a broader and more objective testing under practical conditions than is possible in one laboratory. For this reason, and in order to make the results of this long-term study available, even in provisional form, not only to specialists but also to the growing number of ecologists, biochemists, and physiologists interested in octocorals, the key is now pre- sented in condensed form with minimal illustration. -
Gonian Eunicella Singularis (Esper, 1791) (Anthozoa Gorgoni - Idae) of Paloma Island, Algeria
Biodiversity Journal , 2019, 10 (3): 185–194 https://doi.org/ 10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2019.10.3.185.194 Morphometric data and allometric relationships of the gor - gonian Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1791) (Anthozoa Gorgoni - idae) of Paloma Island, Algeria Mouloud Benabdi 1, Lalla A. T. Cherif-Louazani 1, Alae Eddine Belmahi 1, Samir Grimes 2, Yassine G.E. Khames 3, Billel Boufekane 3, Salim Mouffok 1 & Mohamed Bouderbala 1 1Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale, Faculté SNV, Université Oran1, Algeria 2École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l’Aménagement du Littoral Alger, Algeria 3Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, USTHB, Alger, Algeria *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1791) (Anthozoa Gorgoniidae) is abundant on rocky bottoms at Paloma Island (Algeria) in the south-western of the Mediterranean basin. In this study area, 150 gorgonian colonies of E. singularis were collected randomly using SCUBA diving and the following morphometric macro-features were measured (maximum height, maximum width, total branch length, rectangular surface area, height to width ratio and dry weight). Allometric growth was examined using the relationships between the dry weight and the five morphometric macro-features. The power equation of the simple allometry applied was y=ax b and the parameters of the linear regression a and b were estimated after the logarithmic transformation log (y)=log( a)+ b*log(x). The allometric relationships between the dry weight and the morphometric macro-features studied show that the growth of the gor - gonian E. singularis in the study area is correlated positively and significantly with the five macro-features and that both the macro-features total branch length and the maximum width are the most appropriate parameter applied to the gorgonian E. -
Microbiomes of Gall-Inducing Copepod Crustaceans from the Corals Stylophora Pistillata (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Ventalina
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Microbiomes of gall-inducing copepod crustaceans from the corals Stylophora pistillata Received: 26 February 2018 Accepted: 18 July 2018 (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Published: xx xx xxxx ventalina (Alcyonacea) Pavel V. Shelyakin1,2, Sofya K. Garushyants1,3, Mikhail A. Nikitin4, Sofya V. Mudrova5, Michael Berumen 5, Arjen G. C. L. Speksnijder6, Bert W. Hoeksema6, Diego Fontaneto7, Mikhail S. Gelfand1,3,4,8 & Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko 6,9 Corals harbor complex and diverse microbial communities that strongly impact host ftness and resistance to diseases, but these microbes themselves can be infuenced by stresses, like those caused by the presence of macroscopic symbionts. In addition to directly infuencing the host, symbionts may transmit pathogenic microbial communities. We analyzed two coral gall-forming copepod systems by using 16S rRNA gene metagenomic sequencing: (1) the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina with copepods of the genus Sphaerippe from the Caribbean and (2) the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata with copepods of the genus Spaniomolgus from the Saudi Arabian part of the Red Sea. We show that bacterial communities in these two systems were substantially diferent with Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria more prevalent in samples from Gorgonia ventalina, and Gammaproteobacteria in Stylophora pistillata. In Stylophora pistillata, normal coral microbiomes were enriched with the common coral symbiont Endozoicomonas and some unclassifed bacteria, while copepod and gall-tissue microbiomes were highly enriched with the family ME2 (Oceanospirillales) or Rhodobacteraceae. In Gorgonia ventalina, no bacterial group had signifcantly diferent prevalence in the normal coral tissues, copepods, and injured tissues. The total microbiome composition of polyps injured by copepods was diferent. -
Long-Term Recruitment of Soft-Corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) on Artificial Substrata at Eilat (Red Sea)
MARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 38: 161-167, 1987 Published June 18 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. Long-term recruitment of soft-corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) on artificial substrata at Eilat (Red Sea) Y.Benayahu & Y.Loya Department of Zoology. The George S. Wise Center for Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978. Israel ABSTRACT: Recruitment of soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) on concrete plates was studied in the reefs of the Nature Reserve of Eilat at depths of 17 to 29 m over 12 yr. Xenia macrospiculata was the pioneering species, appealing on the vast majority of the plates before any other spat. This species remained the most conspicuous inhabitant of the substrata throughout the whole study. Approximately 10 % of the plates were very extensively colonized by X. rnacrospiculata, resembling the percentage of living coverage by the species in the surrounding reef, thus suggesting that during the study X. rnacrospiculata populations reached their maximal potential to capture the newly available substrata. The successive appearance of an additional 11 soft coral species was recorded. The species composition of the recruits and their abundance corresponded with the soft coral community in the natural reef, indicahng that the estabhshed spat were progeny of the local populations. Soft coral recruits utilized the edges and lower surfaces of the plates most successfully, rather than the exposed upper surfaces. Such preferential settling of alcyonaceans allows the spat to escape from unfavourable conditions and maintains their high survival in the established community. INTRODUCTION determine the role played by alcyonaceans in the course of reef colonization and in the reef's space Studies on processes and dynamics of reef benthic allocation. -
Checklist of Fish and Invertebrates Listed in the CITES Appendices
JOINTS NATURE \=^ CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Checklist of fish and mvertebrates Usted in the CITES appendices JNCC REPORT (SSN0963-«OStl JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Report distribution Report Number: No. 238 Contract Number/JNCC project number: F7 1-12-332 Date received: 9 June 1995 Report tide: Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices Contract tide: Revised Checklists of CITES species database Contractor: World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL Comments: A further fish and invertebrate edition in the Checklist series begun by NCC in 1979, revised and brought up to date with current CITES listings Restrictions: Distribution: JNCC report collection 2 copies Nature Conservancy Council for England, HQ, Library 1 copy Scottish Natural Heritage, HQ, Library 1 copy Countryside Council for Wales, HQ, Library 1 copy A T Smail, Copyright Libraries Agent, 100 Euston Road, London, NWl 2HQ 5 copies British Library, Legal Deposit Office, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ 1 copy Chadwick-Healey Ltd, Cambridge Place, Cambridge, CB2 INR 1 copy BIOSIS UK, Garforth House, 54 Michlegate, York, YOl ILF 1 copy CITES Management and Scientific Authorities of EC Member States total 30 copies CITES Authorities, UK Dependencies total 13 copies CITES Secretariat 5 copies CITES Animals Committee chairman 1 copy European Commission DG Xl/D/2 1 copy World Conservation Monitoring Centre 20 copies TRAFFIC International 5 copies Animal Quarantine Station, Heathrow 1 copy Department of the Environment (GWD) 5 copies Foreign & Commonwealth Office (ESED) 1 copy HM Customs & Excise 3 copies M Bradley Taylor (ACPO) 1 copy ^\(\\ Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report No. -
Coral Feeding on Microalgae Assessed with Molecular Trophic Markers
Molecular Ecology (2013) doi: 10.1111/mec.12486 Coral feeding on microalgae assessed with molecular trophic markers MIGUEL C. LEAL,*† CHRISTINE FERRIER-PAGES,‡ RICARDO CALADO,* MEGAN E. THOMPSON,† MARC E. FRISCHER† and JENS C. NEJSTGAARD† *Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, †Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, 10 Ocean Science Circle, 31411 Savannah, GA, USA, ‡Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue St-Martin, 98000 Monaco, Monaco Abstract Herbivory in corals, especially for symbiotic species, remains controversial. To investi- gate the capacity of scleractinian and soft corals to capture microalgae, we conducted controlled laboratory experiments offering five algal species: the cryptophyte Rhodo- monas marina, the haptophytes Isochrysis galbana and Phaeocystis globosa, and the diatoms Conticribra weissflogii and Thalassiosira pseudonana. Coral species included the symbiotic soft corals Heteroxenia fuscescens and Sinularia flexibilis, the asymbiotic scleractinian coral Tubastrea coccinea, and the symbiotic scleractinian corals Stylophora pistillata, Pavona cactus and Oculina arbuscula. Herbivory was assessed by end-point PCR amplification of algae-specific 18S rRNA gene fragments purified from coral tissue genomic DNA extracts. The ability to capture microalgae varied with coral and algal species and could not be explained by prey size or taxonomy. Herbivory was not detected in S. flexibilis and S. pistillata. P. globosa was the only algal prey that was never captured by any coral. Although predation defence mechanisms have been shown for Phaeocystis spp. against many potential predators, this study is the first to suggest this for corals. This study provides new insights into herbivory in symbiotic corals and suggests that corals may be selective herbivorous feeders. -
AC Spring 2006
13 American Currents Vol. 32, No. 2 System Design for the Ultimate Native Fish Aquarium Todd D. Crail 2348 Sherwood, Toledo, OH 43614, [email protected] Photos by the author. have a problem. I live in the central-east portion of that subterminal-mouthed species such as greenside darter North America where we share space with part of the (Etheostoma blennioides) and banded darter (E. zonale) are most diverse temperate fish fauna in the world. I know difficult to keep in robust shape in the presence of other fishes. I where they are and I spend most of my free time looking In addition, I was continually servicing their aquariums to at them in the field. I’ve also discovered how easily many of account for the excess nutrients and nitrogen that came from these beautiful animals can be kept in aquaria, where I further the heavier feedings needed to maintain even mediocre enjoy their beauty and learn more about their equally diverse robustness. (Since other fishkeepers told me success with habits, life histories and inter-species interactions. suckers in aquaria could be described as “dismal” at best, I How is this a problem? It’s a problem because I have only overlooked this family despite my fanatical interest in them.) so many aquariums and a finite amount of space to devote to In 1999, I caught the reefkeeping bug and left native these fishes! fishes to explore the ecology of the reef tank promoted by Ron In the following paragraphs, I share my experiences and Shimek, Eric Borneman and Rob Toonen on the reefkeeping the lessons I’ve learned solving this “problem,” explain the e-mail lists and, eventually, in hobbyist books. -
Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee
Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories Compiled by S. Oldfield Edited by D. Procter and L.V. Fleming ISBN: 1 86107 502 2 © Copyright Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1999 Illustrations and layout by Barry Larking Cover design Tracey Weeks Printed by CLE Citation. Procter, D., & Fleming, L.V., eds. 1999. Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Disclaimer: reference to legislation and convention texts in this document are correct to the best of our knowledge but must not be taken to infer definitive legal obligation. Cover photographs Front cover: Top right: Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome (Richard White/JNCC). The world’s largest concentrations of southern rockhopper penguin are found on the Falkland Islands. Centre left: Down Rope, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific (Deborah Procter/JNCC). The introduced rat population of Pitcairn Island has successfully been eradicated in a programme funded by the UK Government. Centre right: Male Anegada rock iguana Cyclura pinguis (Glen Gerber/FFI). The Anegada rock iguana has been the subject of a successful breeding and re-introduction programme funded by FCO and FFI in collaboration with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands. Back cover: Black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophris (Richard White/JNCC). Of the global breeding population of black-browed albatross, 80 % is found on the Falkland Islands and 10% on South Georgia. Background image on front and back cover: Shoal of fish (Charles Sheppard/Warwick -
Table B – Subclass Octocorallia
Table B – Subclass Octocorallia BINOMEN ORDER SUBORDER FAMILY SUBFAMILY GENUS SPECIES SUBSPECIES COMN_NAMES AUTHORITY SYNONYMS #Records Acanella arbuscula Alcyonacea Calcaxonia Isididae n/a Acanella arbuscula n/a n/a n/a n/a 59 Acanthogorgia armata Alcyonacea Holaxonia Acanthogorgiidae n/a Acanthogorgia armata n/a n/a Verrill, 1878 n/a 95 Anthomastus agassizii Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Anthomastus agassizii n/a n/a (Verrill, 1922) n/a 35 Anthomastus grandiflorus Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Anthomastus grandiflorus n/a n/a Verrill, 1878 Anthomastus purpureus 37 Anthomastus sp. Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Anthomastus sp. n/a n/a Verrill, 1878 n/a 1 Anthothela grandiflora Alcyonacea Scleraxonia Anthothelidae n/a Anthothela grandiflora n/a n/a (Sars, 1856) n/a 24 Capnella florida Alcyonacea n/a Nephtheidae n/a Capnella florida n/a n/a (Verrill, 1869) Eunephthya florida 44 Capnella glomerata Alcyonacea n/a Nephtheidae n/a Capnella glomerata n/a n/a (Verrill, 1869) Eunephthya glomerata 4 Chrysogorgia agassizii Alcyonacea Holaxonia Acanthogorgiidae Chrysogorgiidae Chrysogorgia agassizii n/a n/a (Verrill, 1883) n/a 2 Clavularia modesta Alcyonacea n/a Clavulariidae n/a Clavularia modesta n/a n/a (Verrill, 1987) n/a 6 Clavularia rudis Alcyonacea n/a Clavulariidae n/a Clavularia rudis n/a n/a (Verrill, 1922) n/a 1 Gersemia fruticosa Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Gersemia fruticosa n/a n/a Marenzeller, 1877 n/a 3 Keratoisis flexibilis Alcyonacea Calcaxonia Isididae n/a Keratoisis flexibilis n/a n/a Pourtales, 1868 n/a 1 Lepidisis caryophyllia Alcyonacea n/a Isididae n/a Lepidisis caryophyllia n/a n/a Verrill, 1883 Lepidisis vitrea 13 Muriceides sp. -
What and Where Are the Coral Reefs?
Coral Forest Teacher’s Guide What and Where are the Coral Reefs? What and Where are the Coral Reefs? Coral reefs first formed more than 500 million years space. Located along the northeast coast of Australia, ago in warm tropical climates, and since that time it measures 1,240 miles (2,000km) in length. they have successfully developed and supported a tremendous array of plant and animal life. Covering THE CORAL BODY less than 0.2% of the ocean floor, it is estimated that The body of a coral animal is called the polyp, a hollow coral reefs contain approximately 25% of the ocean’s sac-like structure that is smaller than a common pencil species. Approximately 5,000 species of reef fish eraser. At its free end is a mouth surrounded by have been identified, and more than 2,500 species tentacles, and inside the body is a stomach. The sticky of coral, of which almost 1,000 are reef-building hard tentacles contain harpoon-like stinging structures, corals. About 4,000 species of mollusks alone live called nematocysts, that enable the polyp to gather on the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. This vast food by paralyzing its passing prey. The tentacles then diversity of life has given coral reefs the name deposit the food in the mouth where it passes down “rainforests of the sea.” Rainforests, which are habitat into the stomach. Nutrients are absorbed from the for more than 30 million insects, have a greater food and any solid waste materials are passed back number of species, however coral reefs have a larger out through the mouth.