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Solomon Island Stunners
THIRD QUARTER 2015 I VOLUME 9 THE SEARCH FOR SOLOMON ISLAND STUNNERS MEET MARITZA, THE VASE REEF GET YOUR FEET WET WITH A FOWLR TANK Reef Hobbyist Magazine 1 THIRD QUARTER 2015 | Volume 9 FeatureS Copyright© 2015 Reef Hobbyist Magazine. All rights reserved. ANNOUNCEMENTS AQUARIUM SCIENCE • Want to share your breeding or husbandry success with the world? We are PROGRAM: PRODUCING always looking for interesting articles to share with our readers. Email us with CORALS, CLOWNS, AND your ideas at [email protected]. 6 AquARISTS • Hard copy subscriptions are available to hobbyists in the U.S.! Scan the QR code Matt Hawkyard is a PhD candidate at Oregon below or visit us at www.reefhobbyistmagazine.com to sign up. State University and an instructor at Oregon Coast Community College's Aquarium Science Program. RHM-SPONSORED EVENTS Here Matt explains the purpose and details of this unique aquatic program. (latest issue available at these events) • Reef Visions Community Frag Fest: July 25, Tampa, FL – MARITZA: reefvisionscommunity.com/frag-fest-2015/ THE VASE REEF • Red River Reef & Reptile Expo: September 26, Fargo, ND – 10 Meet Maritza, the vase reef created by Mary Arroyo, and learn how Mary has redriverreefandreptileexpo.com successfully kept this 1.5-gallon pico reef thriving for • Reef-A-Palooza California: October 10-11, Costa Mesa, CA – over 29 months. reefapaloozashow.net • Mid-Atlantic Marine Aquarium Expo: October 17, Virginia Beach, VA – ACAN HUNTING midatlanticmas.org/mamax-2015/ Darrell Wakashige, a hobbyist from 14 California with an extreme passion for • Cincy Reef Frag Swap: November 7, West Chester, OH – Acanthastrea, shows us his favorite new acans and cincyreef.com shares some tricks for achieving the best possible color. -
Back to Nature Natural Reef Aquarium Methodology by Mike Paletta (Aquarium USA 2000 Annual)
Back To Nature Natural Reef Aquarium Methodology by Mike Paletta (Aquarium USA 2000 annual) The reef hobby, that part of the aquarium hobby that has arguably experienced the most change, is ironically also an example of the axiom that the more things change the more they remain the same. During the past 10 years we have seen almost constant change in reefkeeping practices, and, in many instances, complete reversal of opinions as to which techniques or practices are the best. We have gone from not feeding our corals directly to feeding them, from using some type of substrate to none at all and then back again, and, finally, we have run the full gamut from using a lot of technology to little or none. It is this last change, commonly referred to as the "back to nature" or natural approach, that many hobbyists are now choosing to follow. Advocates of natural methodologies have been around since the 1960s, when the first "reefkeeper," Lee Chin Eng, initiated many of the concepts and techniques that are fundamental to successful reefkeeping. Mr. Eng lived near the ocean in Indonesia and used many of the materials that were readily available to him from this source. "Living stones," which have come to be known as live rock, were used in his systems as the main source of biological filtration. He also used natural seawater and changed it on a regular basis. His tanks were situated so they would receive several hours of direct sunlight each day, which kept them well illuminated. The only technology he used was a small air pump, which bubbled slowly into the tank. -
A Critical Comparison of ATS, Berlin, and Jaubert Methods of Aquarium
All images and data are copyrighted to Eric Borneman or used by permission from contributors. No information can be reproduced without express written permission Is there an ideal method? Eric Borneman University of Houston Department of Biology and Biochemistry The Real Thing – What is a Coral Reef? Characteristics: 1. Highly oligotrophic waters 2. High irradiance 3. Warm temperature 4. Very high species diversity 5. Habitat specialization/commensal and symbiotic relations 6. Adjacent community interaction 7. High rates of productivity 8. High rates of calcification 9. Dominated by turf and crustose algae, highly grazed 10. Variable percentage of coral coverage Coral Reefs = Deserts + Rainforests Organisms are specifically adapted to take advantage of low nutrient availability and high competition Individually, they would all take more food Together, if all had more food, the system would shift or collapse Environmental Averages and Extremes for Reef Sites (after Kleypas et al. 1999) Variable Minimum Maximum Average SD Temperature (oC) Average 21.0 29.5 27.6 1.1 Minimum 16.0 28.2 24.8 1.8 Maximum 24.7 34.4 30.2 0.6 Salinity (PSU) Minimum 23.3 40.0 34.3 1.2 Maximum 31.2 41.8 35.3 0.9 Nutrients (µmol L-1) NO3 0.00 3.34 0.25 0.28 PO4 0.00 0.54 0.13 0.08 Physico-chemical Environmental and Potentially Limiting Variables (after Kleypas, et al., 1999) Variable Reef Limits Time scale Temperature (oC) 18 annual minima Salinity (PSU) 25-42 continuous Light (µE m-2 s-1) 30-40% SSI (300-500PAR) limits reefs 10% SSI (100-180PAR) limits corals Nutrients (µmol l-1) NO3 0.5-3.0 PO4 0.1 - 2.0 Mangrove development While mangroves are often associated with coral reefs, they are extensive terrestrial and coastal elements most often influencing terrestrial runoff to reefs. -
Text Transformation K Text Statistics K Parsing Documents K Information Extraction K Link Analysis
Chapter IR:III III. Text Transformation q Text Statistics q Parsing Documents q Information Extraction q Link Analysis IR:III-25 Text Transformation © HAGEN/POTTHAST/STEIN 2018 Parsing Documents Retrieval Unit The atomic unit of retrieval of a search engine is typically a document. Relation between documents and files: q One file, one document. Examples: web page, PDF, Word file. q One file, many documents. Examples: archive files, email threads and attachments, Sammelbände. q Many files, one document. Examples: web-based slide decks, paginated web pages, e.g., forum threads. Dependent on the search domain, a retrieval unit may be defined different from what is commonly considered a document: q One document, many units. Examples: comments, reviews, discussion posts, arguments, chapters, sentences, words, etc. IR:III-26 Text Transformation © HAGEN/POTTHAST/STEIN 2018 Parsing Documents Index Term Documents and queries are preprocessed into sets of normalized index terms. Lemma- tization Stop word Index Plain text Tokenization extraction removal terms Stemming The primary goal of preprocessing is to unify the vocabularies of documents and queries. Each preprocessing step is a heuristic to increase the likelihood of semantic matches while minimizing spurious matches. A secondary goal of preprocessing is to create supplemental index terms to improve retrieval performance, e.g., for documents that do not posses many of their own. IR:III-27 Text Transformation © HAGEN/POTTHAST/STEIN 2018 Parsing Documents Document Structure and Markup The most common document format for web search engines is HTML. Non-HTML documents are converted to HTML documents for a unified processing pipeline. Index terms are obtained from URLs and HTML markup. -
Connor's DIY Saltwater Reef Tank Setup Guide by Reef Giants Plan Steps
Connor's DIY Saltwater Reef Tank Setup Guide by Reef Giants Plan Steps Connor's DIY Saltwater Reef Tank Setup Guide Revision October 22, 2019 brought to you by ReefGiants.com Recommended Equipment (if applicable to the Step) Step # Action Notes / Dependencies Good Better Best I know you might be eager to dive in and have a tank with livestock, but you must first be willing to spend time learning. Specifically, four things: 1) Watch some YouTube videos about the Nitrogen Cycle until you understand its importance. 2) Accept the fact that you will be buying your water from your local fish store, and not trying to normalize tap water yourself. 1 LEARN! 3) Accept the fact that you must do things in sequence (for example, rock before sand, cycling before fish, etc. 4) Go spend some time talking to an expert at your local fish store about your ambitions before you commit to a specific path. (Recommended YouTube Channels for Learning: BulkReefSupply, Aaron's Aquarium and Inappropriate Reefer) N/A N/A N/A Great! So you've done a lot of learning, absorbed information from online as well as spoken to reps at your local fish store. By this point you should have realized that starting and maintaining a saltwater tank is a significant monetary investment and time investment. Also, it requires a decent work ethic and a lot of patience to stick with it, as there are repetative maintenance tasks that you will need to do every week and month to keep your tank healthy. Consider all these things, and that the path ahead of you is a marathon, not a 2 COMMIT! sprint, then make the decision to commit or not. -
1999 US Tropical Fish Wholesalers Survey
1999 U.S. Tropical Fish Wholesalers Survey: Results and Implications Sherry L. Larkin, Charles M. Adams, Robert L. Degner, and Donna J. Lee Food and Resource Economics Department Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida P.O. Box 110240 Gainesville, FL 32611-0240 Abstract A survey of marine life wholesalers was initiated in 1999 as a first step towards understanding the nature of Florida’s marine life industry, the demand for Florida product both domestically and internationally, and the need for changes in the way the industry is regulated. Florida firms deal primarily in marine species and collect much of their own product. Wholesalers outside of Florida handle more freshwater species and purchase most of their inventory, the majority from overseas suppliers. Dealers predict that the average firm size will continue to grow as the industry consolidates. Niche markets for eco-friendly product will gain momentum. In Florida, marketing strategies should point to the high quality of Florida species with emphasis on the growing popularity of invertebrates. Wholesalers should look to ways to provide buyers with Florida product in more predictable quantities throughout the year. Resource managers will be challenged to find ways to protect over-harvested species without interfering with the collection of abundant species while also keeping in mind the effect of new regulations on product availability. Key Words Aquarium fish market, live ornamental fish, marine invertebrates This article was developed under the auspices of Florida Sea Grant College Program with support from the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration, Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, Grant No. -
Happy New Year 2015
QUATICAQU AT H E O N - L I N E J O U R N A L O F T H E B R O O K L Y N A Q U A R I U M S O C I E T Y VOL. 28 JANUARY ~ FEBRUARY 2015 N o. 3 Metynnis argenteus Silver Dollar HA PPY NEW YEAR 1 104 Y EARS OF E DUCATING A QUARISTS AQUATICA VOL. 28 JANUARY - FEBRUARY 2015 NO. 3 C ONTENT S PAGE 2 THE AQUATICA STAFF. PAGE 23 NOTABLE NATIVES. All about some of the beautiful North PAGE 3 CALENDAR OF EVENTS. American aquarium fish, seldom seen BAS Events for the years 2015 - 2016 and almost never available commercially. ANTHONY P. KROEGER, BAS PAGE 4 MOLLIES LOVE CRACKERS! Collecting wild Sailfin Mollies in Florida. PAGE 25 SPECIES PROFILE. ANTHONY P. KROEGER, BAS Etheostoma caeruieum , Rainbow Darter. JOHN TODARO, BAS PAGE 6 SPECIES PROFILE. The Sailfin PAGE 26 HOBBY HAPPENINGS. Mollie, Poecili latipinna . JOHN TODARO, BAS The further aquatic adventures of Larry Jinks. PAGE 7 TERRORS OF THE LARRY JINKS, BAS, RAS, NJAS PLANTED AQUARIUM. Keeping Silver dollar fish; you must keep in PAGE 28 CATFISH CONNECTIONS. Sy introduces us to Australia’s yellow mind they’re in the same family as the tandanus. Piranha and are voracious plant eaters. fin JOHN TODARO, BAS SY ANGELICUS, BAS PAGE 10 SPECIES PROFILE. The Silver Dollar, PAGE 29 BLUE VELVET SHRIMP. Another article Metynnis ar genteus . on keeping freshwater shrimp, with information on JOHN TODARO, BAS keeping them healthy. BRAD KEMP, BAS, THE SHRIMP FARM.COM PAGE 11 SAND LOACHES - THEY BREED BY THEMSELVES . -
4H Marine Project Book
1 This book belongs to: ____________________ County: _________________________________ 4-H Club: _______________________________ Date Started: ____________________________ Date Completed: _________________________ Club Leader: ____________________________ County 4-H Agent: ______________________ This project book is designed to be utilized alongside EDIS document 4HMEM10, Starting and Maintaining a Marine Aquarium. Acknowledgments Special thanks to my husband, son and in-laws as well as Dr. Glenn Israel and Dr. Sebastian Galindo for their encouragement and support. Special thanks to Water World of Pensacola, Florida and the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta, Georgia for allowing their subjects to be photographed. This book was created as part of a non-thesis graduate project through the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agriculture Science. Writer/Editor: Prudence Caskey Photography: Prudence Caskey 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Selecting an Aquarium 5 Essential Elements of the Marine Aquarium 6 Activity One: My Aquarium Information 7 Timeline for My Aquarium 8 Day One: Setting up the Aquarium 9 Day Two: Understanding Filtration and Water Flow 10 Day Three: Start the Nitrogen Cycle 11 Activity Two: Nitrogen Cycle 12 Week Three: Adding a Cleaner Crew 14 Week Four: Mapping out a Plan 16 Week Five: Water Change & Affix Corals 18 Selecting Corals 19 Week Seven: Adding Additional Fish 20 Fish Identification 21 Week Eight: Testing Equipment 22 What am I Testing For? 23 Specific Gravity 24 Testing Forms 25 Glossary 26 My 4-H Story 34 Project Photos 36 Additional Resources 39 3 You should give careful thought to many different aspects of the aquarium project before deciding to acquire a saltwater or marine aquarium. -
Review of Trade in Ornamental Coral, Coral Products and Reef Associated Species to the United States
© Anja G. Burns / WWF-US Review of Trade in Ornamental Coral, Coral Products and Reef Associated Species to the United States November 2012 World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC 1 © WWF. 2012 All rights reserved. This material has no commercial purposes. The reproduction of the material contained in this product is prohibited for sale or other commercial purposes. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit WWF as copyright owner. The document was financed by Kingfisher Foundation. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the author[s] and do not necessarily reflect those of the donor and partner organizations listed in the acknowledgements. Suggested citation: Craig, V., Allan, C., Lyet, A. Brittain, A., Richman, E, 2011. Review of trade in ornamental coral, coral products and reef associated species to the United States. World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC. USA, 2 Acknowledgements Many people were involved in the production of this report. The US trade data analyses in this report were produced by Valerie Craig and Arnaud Lyet PhD The project was managed by and conclusions drawn by Crawford Allan Research and case studies were provided by Anna Brittain and Eliza Richman Additional research and product production by Ben Freitas Aquaria trade research by Brendan Galloway The production team would like to thank the following people for their critical inputs towards this report: Environmental Defense Fund: Cara Cooper, Ted Morton Defenders of Wildlife: Daniel Thornhill Humane Society International: Teresa Telecky WWF: America Pintabutr, Roberta Elias, Elizabeth Schuler, TRAFFIC: Ernie Cooper, Steve Broad, Julie Gray for report reviews 3 Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... -
The Aquaculture of Live Rock, Live Sand, Coral and Associated Products
AQUACULTURE OF LIVE ROCKS, LIVE SAND, CORAL AND ASSOCIATED PRODUCTS A DISCUSSION AND DRAFT POLICY PAPER FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PAPER NO. 196 Department of Fisheries 168 St. Georges Terrace Perth WA 6000 April 2006 ISSN 0819-4327 The Aquaculture of Live Rock, Live Sand, Coral and Associated Products A Discussion and Draft Policy Paper Project Managed by Andrew Beer April 2006 Fisheries Management Paper No. 196 ISSN 0819-4327 Fisheries Management Paper No. 196 CONTENTS OPPORTUNITY FOR PUBLIC COMMENT...............................................................IV DISCLAIMER V ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................................V SECTION 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & PROPOSED POLICY OPTIONS ....... 1 SECTION 2 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................... 5 2.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................. 5 2.2 OBJECTIVES................................................................................................. 5 2.3 WHY LIVE ROCK, SAND AND CORAL AQUACULTURE? ............................... 6 2.4 MARKET...................................................................................................... 6 SECTION 3 THE TAXONOMY AND BIOLOGY OF LIVE ROCK, SAND AND CORAL ..................................................................................................... 9 3.1 LIVE ROCK ................................................................................................. -
Coral Amendment 3
3/30/95 AMENDMENT 3 TO THE FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR CORAL AND CORAL REEFS OF THE GULF OF MEXICO INCLUDING AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REGULATORY IMPACT REVIEW AND INITIAL REGULATORY FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS April 1995 Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council Lincoln Center 5401 West Kennedy Boulevard Suite 331 Tampa, Florida 33609-2486 This is a publication of the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA57FC0004. SUMMARY: Amendment 3 with supplementary documents was prepared by the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council to provide additional management to the harvest of live rock in the Gulf of Mexico. Live rock is an assemblage of living marine organisms attached to a hard substrate such as dead coral or limestone. Amendment 2, implemented December 21, 1994, established area closures, vessel trip limits, gear restrictions, permits for harvest and aquaculture, restricted access, a phase-out of harvest by 1997, and a redefinition of octocorals. This amendment considers further live rock regulation including an annual quota during phase- out, revision of trip limits, closed area off Florida's Panhandle, redefinition of allowable octocorals, and limited personal use harvest. TABLE OF CONTENTS I.INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 3 Description of the Fishery ............................................................................................................... -
I. Overview – Coral Reefs at Risk and the Role of Trade
Draft Report to the USCRTF I. OVERVIEW – CORAL REEFS AT RISK AND THE ROLE OF TRADE Coral reefs are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on earth. According to one estimate, coral reefs provide economic and environmental services worth about $375 billion each year to millions of people as shoreline protection, areas of natural beauty, recreation and tourism, and sources of food, pharmaceuticals, jobs, and revenues (Costanza et al., 1997). However, coral reefs are being seriously degraded by human activities, especially overexploitation of resources, destructive fishing practices, coastal development and runoff from improper land-use practices. A 1998 World Resources Institute study concluded that nearly 58% of the world’s reefs are at risk from human impacts, and many have been degraded beyond recovery (Bryant et al., 1998). In addition, unprecedented levels of coral bleaching and mortality have occurred worldwide, associated with abnormally high sea temperatures reported in 1998. On some shallow Indo-Pacific reefs, 70 to 90% of the corals died as a result of the largest ever-recorded bleaching event. International trade in coral, reef fish, live rock, and other coral reef organisms are activities that contribute to the decline and degradation of reefs, primarily through destructive fishing practices and the overexploitation of resources. Coral reef resources traded internationally supply a wide number of markets and industries, including the seafood industry, live food fish markets, the aquarium trade, the curio and jewelry trade, and the pharmaceutical and research industries. Recent surveys of 300 reefs worldwide found that key target species of commercial interest were absent, or present in very low numbers, in almost all of the reefs surveyed (Hodgson, 1999).