Metamorphosis Vol18(4) Complete.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Metamorphosis Vol18(4) Complete.Pdf LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY OF AFRICA www.lepsoc.org.za ELECTED COUNCILLORS Hermann Staude President [email protected] Mark Williams Journal Editor [email protected] Owen Garvie Treasurer [email protected] Bennie Coetzer Data Processing [email protected] Graham Henning Conservation [email protected] Dave McDermott External Communications [email protected] J.P. Niehaus Internal Communications [email protected] Ernest Pringle Eastern Cape Branch [email protected] Jonathan Ball Western Cape Branch [email protected] Jeremy Dobson Gauteng Branch [email protected] Kevin Cockburn KwaZulu- Natal Branch [email protected] CO-OPTED MEMBERS Martin Krüger Transvaal Museum Representative [email protected] Andre Coetzer Webmaster [email protected] Reinier Terblanche Youth I Education [email protected] AREA REPRESENTATIVES Steve Collins East Africa Branch [email protected] Alan Gardiner Zimbabwe Branch [email protected] EDITORIAL Mark Williams Editor [email protected] MEMBERSHIP The aims of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa are to promote the scientific study and the conservation of Lepidoptera in Africa, and to provide a communication forum for all people who are interested in African Lepidoptera. Please visit www.lepsoc.org.za for more information. Metamorphosis, which is the official journal of the Society, publishes original scientific papers as well as articles of a less technical nature. Fees indicated below refer to surface postage, but if airmail is required, notify the Treasurer and add R32.00 for Africa or US $6.00 if overseas per issue. Membership of the Society is open to all persons who are interested in the study of Lepidoptera. There is no geographical limit to membership. There are four categories of membership: Category of membership South Africa Rest of Africa Overseas Sponsor Member R600.00 pa R600.00 pa US$ 200.00 pa Full Member R200.00 pa R250.00 pa US$ 60.00 pa Juniors & pensioners R100.00 pa R150.00 pa US$ 50.00 pa Affiliate members (Societies, R200.00 pa R250.00 pa US$ 60.00 pa Museums, Schools etc.) Back issues of Metamorphosis are still available @ R30.00 per copy or US$15.00 for outside South Africa. Fees for outside South Africa are higher due to increased postage. Membership is annual per calendar year and fees are due on January 1 of each year. CORRESPONDENCE General: The Public Relations Officer, Dave McDern1ott, 39 Norman Drive, Northcliff Ext.9, 2195, South Africa. E-Mail: [email protected] Metamorphosis: The Editor, P. O. Box 12538, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa. E-Mail: [email protected] December 2007 METAMORPHOSIS VOL. 18, No. 4 127 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018-6490 CONTENTS Four new names for Afrotropical Lycaenidae By G. Lamas ................................................................................................ 128 The first record of an Orachrysops in Gauteng By R.F. Terblanche and D.A. Edge .............................................................. 131 The butterfly Hypolimnas salmacis magnifica (Drury, 1773) in Kakamega Forest National Reserve (KFNR), Kenya By F.N. Namu, J.M. Githaiga, E.N. Kioko, P.N. Ndegwa, C.L. Häuser, and L. Kühne .......................................................................... 142 A new subspecies of Charaxes contrarius van Someren, 1969 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae) from Tanzania By A.H.B. Rydon, T.C.E. Congdon, and S.C. Collins ................................ 144 Why are moths attracted to artificial light sources? Moths `n things #1 By H.S. Staude ............................................................................................ 151 Multiple sightings of Charaxes brutus natalensis in the extreme southwestern Cape Province By A.J.M. Claassens ................................................................................... 156 Territorial behaviour and display of androconial hair-tufts by Caprona pillaana Wallengren, 1857 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in the Magaliesberg, South Africa By R.F. Terblanche ..................................................................................... 158 Front cover: Brephos festiva (Agaristinae) ♂: S. Woodhall Back cover: Top left: Caprona pillaana ♂: R.F. Terblanche Top right: Caprona pillaana ♂: R.F. Terblanche Second row left: Caprona pillaana ♂ Thabazimbi: R.F. Terblanche Second row right: Caprona pillaana ♂ Vredefort Dome: R.F. Terblanche Third row left: Charaxes brutus natalensis♂: B. van der Walt Third row right: Laelia sp. (Lymantriidae), ♂, Gatamayu forest, Aberdare mountains, Kenya: H. Staude Fourth row left: Golden moths, Mainly Trichoplusia orichalcea (Pusiinae), Robbers Pass, Mpumalanga, South Africa: H.Staude Fourth row right: Moths attracted to artificial light, Robbers Pass, Mpumalanga, South Africa: H.Staude 128 METAMORPHOSIS VOL. 18, No. 4 December 2007 Four new names for Afrotropical Lycaenidae G. Lamas Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14-0434, Lima-14, Peru. Email: [email protected] Abstract The following new replacement names are proposed herein: Liptena decipiens stebema, for Liptena decipiens etoumbi Stempffer, Bennett & May, 1974, nec Liptena (Tetrarhanis) etoumbi Stempffer, 1964; Iolaus eurisus susurro, for Papilio helius Fabricius, 1781, nec Papilio helius Cramer, 1779; Iolaus (Epamera) diametra congco, for Epamera diametra littoralis Congdon & Collins, 1998, nec Iolaus (Argiolaus) crawshayi littoralis Stempffer & Bennett, 1958; and Hypolycaena suda, for Hypolycaena liara form obscura Stempffer, 1947, nec Hypolycaena coeruleus [sic] obscurus Suffert, 1904. Introduction During preparation of a complete synonymic checklist of the world's Lycaenidae, as part of the ongoing "Global Butterfly Names Project", an electronic cataloguing initiative currently housed at the Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London (see: www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/), four homonymous names of Afrotropical Lycaenidae were detected. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999) mandates that a junior homonym must be rejected, and replaced by a substitute name. Accordingly, I present herein a list of those homonymous names, and propose new replacement names (nomina nova) for them. Taxonomic changes 1. Liptena decipiens stebema Lamas, nom. nov. The name Liptena decipiens etoumbi Stempffer, Bennett & May, 1974, is a junior primary homonym of Liptena (Tetrarhanis) etoumbi Stempffer, 1964, currently treated as Tetrarhanis ilala etoumbi (Stempffer, 1964) (Williams, 2007), and has no known junior, potentially available, synonym. Etymology: The new name is an arbitrary combination, formed from the intial letters of the names of the authors Stempffer, Bennett, and May. It should be treated as a feminine noun. 2. Iolaus eurisus susurro Lamas, nom. nov. The name Papilio helius Fabricius, 1781, currently Iolaus eurisus helius (Fabricius, 1781) (Williams, 2007) is a junior primary homonym of Papilio helius Cramer, December 2007 METAMORPHOSIS VOL. 18, No. 4 129 1779, currently Xenandra helius (Cramer, 1779) (Riodinidae; Callaghan & Lamas, 2005), and has no known junior, potentially available, synonym. Etymology: The new name derives from the Latin masculine noun "susurrus", meaning "whisper". It should be treated as a masculine noun. 3. Iolaus (Epamera) diametra congco Lamas, nom. nov. The name Epamera diametra littoralis Congdon & Collins, 1998, currently Iolaus (Epamera) diametra littoralis (Congdon & Collins, 1998) (Williams, 2007) is a junior secondary homonym of Iolaus (Argiolaus) crawshayi littoralis Stempffer & Bennett, 1958, and has no known junior, potentially available, synonym. Etymology: The new name is an arbitrary combination, formed from the initial letters of the names of the authors, Congdon and Collins. It should be treated as a masculine noun. 4. Hypolycaena suda Lamas, nom. nov. The name Hypolycaena liara form obscura Stempffer, 1947, currently regarded as a valid species (Williams, 2007), is a junior primary homonym of Hypolycaena coeculus [sic] obscurus Suffert, 1904, currently treated as a junior subjective synonym of Hemiolaus caeculus (Hopffer, 1855) (Ackery et al., 1995; Williams, 2007), and has no known junior, potentially available, synonym. Etymology: The new name is an arbitrary combination of letters, referring to the type locality of Hypolycaena obscura Stempffer (Sudan). It should be treated as a feminine noun. Acknowledgements My special thanks to the librarians of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and the Natural History Museum, London, for the splendid bibliographical help provided. To Jim Mallet and Mark Williams, for their interest and encouragement. This study was partly financed by a grant from the Global Biodiversity Information Facilty (GBIF – ECAT Programme) to University College London (James Mallet, PI). References ACKERY, P.R., SMITH, C.R. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1995. Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, East Melbourne. xi + 803 pp. CALLAGHAN, C.J. & LAMAS, G. 2005. Riodinidae, pp. 141-170. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.). Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea – Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J.B. (Ed.). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. CONGDON, T.C.E. & COLLINS, S.C. 1998. Kielland's Butterflies of Tanzania. Supplement. African
Recommended publications
  • Check-List of the Butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in Western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea)
    Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 25 (4): 161–174 (2004) 161 Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) Lars Kühne, Steve C. Collins and Wanja Kinuthia1 Lars Kühne, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; email: [email protected] Steve C. Collins, African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya Dr. Wanja Kinuthia, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: All species of butterflies recorded from the Kaka- list it was clear that thorough investigation of scientific mega Forest N.R. in western Kenya are listed for the first collections can produce a very sound list of the occur- time. The check-list is based mainly on the collection of ring species in a relatively short time. The information A.B.R.I. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Furthermore records from the collection of the National density is frequently underestimated and collection data Museum of Kenya (Nairobi), the BIOTA-project and from offers a description of species diversity within a local literature were included in this list. In total 491 species or area, in particular with reference to rapid measurement 55 % of approximately 900 Kenyan species could be veri- of biodiversity (Trueman & Cranston 1997, Danks 1998, fied for the area. 31 species were not recorded before from Trojan 2000). Kenyan territory, 9 of them were described as new since the appearance of the book by Larsen (1996). The kind of list being produced here represents an information source for the total species diversity of the Checkliste der Tagfalter des Kakamega-Waldschutzge- Kakamega forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full-Text
    Research in Zoology 2015, 5(2): 32-37 DOI: 10.5923/j.zoology.20150502.02 First Records of Butterfly Diversity on Two Remote Islands on the Volta Lake of Ghana, the Largest Reservoir by Total Surface Area in the World Daniel Opoku Agyemang1, Daniel Acquah-Lamptey1,*, Roger Sigismond Anderson2, Rosina Kyerematen1,2 1Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana 2African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana Abstract The construction of the Akosombo Dam in Ghana for hydroelectric energy led to the creation of many islands on the Volta Lake. The biological diversity on these islands is unknown and so a rapid assessment was conducted in January 2014 as part as a region wide assessment to determine the butterfly diversity on two of these islands, Biobio and Agbasiagba. Diversity indices were computed for both islands using the Shannon-Weiner index, Margalef’s index for richness and Whittaker’s index for comparison of diversity between the two islands. A total of eight hundred and eighty-one (881) individual butterflies representing forty-five (45) species belonging to eight (8) families were recorded during the study. Thirty-nine (39) species of butterflies were recorded on Biobio island whiles twenty-eight (28) species were recorded on Agbasiagba. This was expected as the larger islands are expected to support more species than smaller ones, with Biobio island being relatively bigger than Agbasiagba. The shared species of butterflies on both islands were twenty-two (22) representing 48.9% of the total species accumulated. Indicator species like Junonia oenone, Danaus chrysippus and Papilio demodocus were also recorded indicating the degraded floral quality of the Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversiteitsopname Biodiversity Assessment
    Biodiversiteitsopname Biodiversity Assessment Bome - Trees (77 sp) Veldblomme - Flowering veld plants (65 sp) Grasse - Grasses (41 sp) Naaldekokers - Dragonflies (46 sp) Skoenlappers - Butterflies (81 sp) Motte - Moths (95 sp) Nog insekte - Other insects (102 sp) Spinnekoppe - Spiders (53 sp) Paddas - Frogs (14 sp) Reptiele - Reptiles (22 sp) Voëls - Birds (185 sp) Soogdiere - Mammals (23 sp) 4de uitgawe: Jan 2015 Plante/Plants Diere/Animals (24 000 spp in SA) Anthropoda Chordata (>150 000 spp in SA) Arachnida Insecta (spinnekoppe/spiders, 2020 spp in SA) Neuroptera – mayflies, lacewings, ant-lions (385 spp in SA) Odonata – dragonflies (164 spp in SA) Blattodea – cockroaches (240 spp in SA) Mantodea – mantids (185 spp in SA) Isoptera – termites (200 spp in SA) Orthoptera – grasshoppers, stick insects (900 spp in SA) Phthiraptera – lice (1150 spp in SA) Hemiptera – bugs (>3500 spp in SA) Coleoptera – beetles (18 000 spp in SA) Lepidoptera – butterflies (794 spp in SA), moths (5200 spp in SA) Diptera – flies (4800 spp in SA) Siphonoptera – fleas (100 spp in SA) Hymenoptera – ants, bees, wasps (>6000 spp in SA) Trichoptera – caddisflies (195 spp in SA) Thysanoptera – thrips (230 spp in SA) Vertebrata Tunicata (sea creatures, etc) Fish Amphibia Reptiles Birds Mammals (115 spp in SA) (255 spp in SA) (858 spp in SA) (244 spp in SA) Bome – Trees (n=77) Koffiebauhinia - Bauhinia petersiana - Dainty bauhinia Rooi-ivoor - Berchemia zeyheri - Red ivory Witgat - Boscia albitrunca - Shepherd’s tree Bergvaalbos - Brachylaena rotundata - Mountain silver-oak
    [Show full text]
  • App-F3-Ecology.Pdf
    June 2016 ZITHOLELE CONSULTING (PTY) LTD Terrestrial Ecosystems Assessment for the proposed Kendal 30 Year Ash Dump Project for Eskom Holdings (Revision 1) Submitted to: Zitholele Consulting Pty (Ltd) Report Number: 13615277-12416-2 (Rev1) Distribution: REPORT 1 x electronic copy Zitholele Consulting (Pty) Ltd 1 x electronic copy e-Library 1 x electronic copy project folder TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS ASSESSMENT - ESKOM HOLDINGS Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Site Location ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 PART A OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 2 3.0 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 2 4.0 ECOLOGICAL BASELINE CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................ 2 4.1 General Biophysical Environment ............................................................................................................ 2 4.1.1 Grassland biome................................................................................................................................ 3 4.1.2 Eastern Highveld
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Plan V1.0 Free State Province Technical Report (FSDETEA/BPFS/2016 1.0)
    Biodiversity Plan v1.0 Free State Province Technical Report (FSDETEA/BPFS/2016_1.0) DRAFT 1 JUNE 2016 Map: Collins, N.B. 2015. Free State Province Biodiversity Plan: CBA map. Report Title: Free State Province Biodiversity Plan: Technical Report v1.0 Free State Department of Economic, Small Business Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs. Internal Report. Date: $20 June 2016 ______________________________ Version: 1.0 Authors & contact details: Nacelle Collins Free State Department of Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs [email protected] 051 4004775 082 4499012 Physical address: 34 Bojonala Buidling Markgraaf street Bloemfontein 9300 Postal address: Private Bag X20801 Bloemfontein 9300 Citation: Report: Collins, N.B. 2016. Free State Province Biodiversity Plan: Technical Report v1.0. Free State Department of Economic, Small Business Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs. Internal Report. 1. Summary $what is a biodiversity plan This report contains the technical information that details the rationale and methods followed to produce the first terrestrial biodiversity plan for the Free State Province. Because of low confidence in the aquatic data that were available at the time of developing the plan, the aquatic component is not included herein and will be released as a separate report. The biodiversity plan was developed with cognisance of the requirements for the determination of bioregions and the preparation and publication of bioregional plans (DEAT, 2009). To this extent the two main products of this process are: • A map indicating the different terrestrial categories (Protected, Critical Biodiversity Areas, Ecological Support Areas, Other and Degraded) • Land-use guidelines for the above mentioned categories This plan represents the first attempt at collating all terrestrial biodiversity and ecological data into a single system from which it can be interrogated and assessed.
    [Show full text]
  • Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
    Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Butterflies of Taita Hills
    FLUTTERING BEAUTY WITH BENEFITS THE BUTTERFLIES OF TAITA HILLS A FIELD GUIDE Esther N. Kioko, Alex M. Musyoki, Augustine E. Luanga, Oliver C. Genga & Duncan K. Mwinzi FLUTTERING BEAUTY WITH BENEFITS: THE BUTTERFLIES OF TAITA HILLS A FIELD GUIDE TO THE BUTTERFLIES OF TAITA HILLS Esther N. Kioko, Alex M. Musyoki, Augustine E. Luanga, Oliver C. Genga & Duncan K. Mwinzi Supported by the National Museums of Kenya and the JRS Biodiversity Foundation ii FLUTTERING BEAUTY WITH BENEFITS: THE BUTTERFLIES OF TAITA HILLS Dedication In fond memory of Prof. Thomas R. Odhiambo and Torben B. Larsen Prof. T. R. Odhiambo’s contribution to insect studies in Africa laid a concrete footing for many of today’s and future entomologists. Torben Larsen’s contribution to the study of butterflies in Kenya and their natural history laid a firm foundation for the current and future butterfly researchers, enthusiasts and rearers. National Museums of Kenya’s mission is to collect, preserve, study, document and present Kenya’s past and present cultural and natural heritage. This is for the purposes of enhancing knowledge, appreciation, respect and sustainable utilization of these resources for the benefit of Kenya and the world, for now and posterity. Copyright © 2021 National Museums of Kenya. Citation Kioko, E. N., Musyoki, A. M., Luanga, A. E., Genga, O. C. & Mwinzi, D. K. (2021). Fluttering beauty with benefits: The butterflies of Taita Hills. A field guide. National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. ISBN 9966-955-38-0 iii FLUTTERING BEAUTY WITH BENEFITS: THE BUTTERFLIES OF TAITA HILLS FOREWORD The Taita Hills are particularly diverse but equally endangered.
    [Show full text]
  • Observations on Butterfly Migration at Entebbe,Uganda
    Page 30 OBSERVATIONS ON BUTTERFLY MIGRATION AT ENTEBBE,UGANDA By S. D; K. SEMPALA (East African virus Research Institute, Entebbe Uganda) INTRODUCTION Bird migration has been recognized as a to-and-fro movement for a long time, but this type of movement is recorded for relatively few species of butterflies. The best known of these are the Monarch (Danaus plexippus L.) of North America and the Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta L.) and Painted Lady (V. cardui L.) of the Old World. Records of migratory movements in these and many others, amounting to a total of 214 species, are summarized by Williams (1930) who defines insect migration as follows: "It is a periodic, more or less unidirectional continued movement assisted by the efforts of the animal and in a direction over which it exerts a control, which results in the animal passing away from its previous daily field of activity." It should be noted that Williams' definition does not state that migration is necessarily a two-way movement, although he also discusses the importance of observations on return flights which, in contrast to gregarious outgoing flights, are often very thinly spread and therefore likely to be overlooked. The butterfly movements reported below at Entebbe were largely unidirectional, the insects flying consistently against the wind. They represent examples of trans• migration. (Williams, ibid.) OBSERVATIONS Sites: All observations were made in the area of Entebbe town and its surroundings within a distance of five to ten miles north of the equator. Period of observations: Observations during the time of migration were conducted from the beginning of June to the end of the first week of July, 1967.
    [Show full text]
  • Acacia Flat Mite (Brevipalpus Acadiae Ryke & Meyer, Tenuipalpidae, Acarina): Doringboomplatmyt
    Creepie-crawlies and such comprising: Common Names of Insects 1963, indicated as CNI Butterfly List 1959, indicated as BL Some names the sources of which are unknown, and indicated as such Gewone Insekname SKOENLAPPERLYS INSLUITENDE BOSLUISE, MYTE, SAAMGESTEL DEUR DIE AALWURMS EN SPINNEKOPPE LANDBOUTAALKOMITEE Saamgestel deur die MET MEDEWERKING VAN NAVORSINGSINSTITUUT VIR DIE PLANTBESKERMING TAALDIENSBURO Departement van Landbou-tegniese Dienste VAN DIE met medewerking van die DEPARTEMENT VAN ONDERWYS, KUNS EN LANDBOUTAALKOMITEE WETENSKAP van die Taaldiensburo 1959 1963 BUTTERFLY LIST Common Names of Insects COMPILED BY THE INCLUDING TICKS, MITES, EELWORMS AGRICULTURAL TERMINOLOGY AND SPIDERS COMMITTEE Compiled by the IN COLLABORATION WiTH PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH THE INSTITUTE LANGUAGE SERVICES BUREAU Department of Agricultural Technical Services OF THE in collaboration with the DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND AGRICULTURAL TERMINOLOGY SCIENCE COMMITTEE DIE STAATSDRUKKER + PRETORIA + THE of the Language Service Bureau GOVERNMENT PRINTER 1963 1959 Rekenaarmatig en leksikografies herverwerk deur PJ Taljaard e-mail enquiries: [email protected] EXPLANATORY NOTES 1 The list was alphabetised electronically. 2 On the target-language side, ie to the right of the :, synonyms are separated by a comma, e.g.: fission: klowing, splyting The sequence of the translated terms does NOT indicate any preference. Preferred terms are underlined. 3 Where catchwords of similar form are used as different parts of speech and confusion may therefore
    [Show full text]
  • The Signal Environment Is More Important Than Diet Or Chemical Specialization in the Evolution of Warning Coloration
    The signal environment is more important than diet or chemical specialization in the evolution of warning coloration Kathleen L. Prudic†‡, Jeffrey C. Oliver§, and Felix A. H. Sperling¶ †Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and §Interdisciplinary Program in Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; and ¶Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9 Edited by May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved October 11, 2007 (received for review June 13, 2007) Aposematic coloration, or warning coloration, is a visual signal that in ref. 13). Prey can become noxious by consuming other organisms acts to minimize contact between predator and unprofitable prey. with defensive compounds (e.g., refs. 15 and 16). By specializing on The conditions favoring the evolution of aposematic coloration re- a particular toxic diet, the consumer becomes noxious and more main largely unidentified. Recent work suggests that diet specializa- likely to evolve aposematic coloration as a defensive strategy tion and resultant toxicity may play a role in facilitating the evolution (reviewed in ref. 13). Diet specialization, in which a consumer feeds and persistence of warning coloration. Using a phylogenetic ap- on a limited set of related organisms, allows the consumer to tailor proach, we investigated the evolution of larval warning coloration in its metabolism to efficiently capitalize on the specific toxins shared the genus Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Our results indicate that by a suite of related hosts. Recent investigations suggest that diet there are at least four independent origins of aposematic larval specialization on toxic organisms promotes the evolution of apose- coloration within Papilio.
    [Show full text]
  • Tympanal Ears in Nymphalidae Butterflies: Morphological Diversity and Tests on the Function of Hearing
    Tympanal Ears in Nymphalidae Butterflies: Morphological Diversity and Tests on the Function of Hearing by Laura E. Hall A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario, Canada © 2014 Laura E. Hall i Abstract Several Nymphalidae butterflies possess a sensory structure called the Vogel’s organ (VO) that is proposed to function in hearing. However, little is known about the VO’s structure, taxonomic distribution or function. My first research objective was to examine VO morphology and its accessory structures across taxa. Criteria were established to categorize development levels of butterfly VOs and tholi. I observed that enlarged forewing veins are associated with the VOs of several species within two subfamilies of Nymphalidae. Further, I discovered a putative light/temperature-sensitive organ associated with the VOs of several Biblidinae species. The second objective was to test the hypothesis that insect ears function to detect bird flight sounds for predator avoidance. Neurophysiological recordings collected from moth ears show a clear response to flight sounds and chirps from a live bird in the laboratory. Finally, a portable electrophysiology rig was developed to further test this hypothesis in future field studies. ii Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank David Hall who spent endless hours listening to my musings and ramblings regarding butterfly ears, sharing in the joy of my discoveries, and comforting me in times of frustration. Without him, this thesis would not have been possible. I thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 367 Genus Metisella Hemming
    14th edition (2015). Genus Metisella Hemming, 1934 Stylops 3: 99 (97-99). [Replacement name for Watsonia Tutt.] Type-species: Papilio metis Linnaeus, by original designation. = Watsonia Tutt, 1906 in Tutt, 1905-6. A natural history of the British butterflies; their world-wide variation and geographical distribution 1: 191 (479 pp.). London. Type-species: Papilio metis Linnaeus, by original designation. [Invalid; junior homonym of Watsonia Elwes and Edwards, 1897, and Watsonia Folin, [1880].] An Afrotropical genus of 22 species. *Metisella orientalis (Aurivillius, 1925) Eastern Sylph Cyclopides metis f. orientalis Aurivillius, 1925. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 551 (614 pp.).). Metisella orientalis (Aurivillius, 1925). Evans, 1937. Metisella orientalis (Aurivillius, 1925). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Metisella orientalis (Aurivillius, 1925). Pringle et al., 1994: 322. Metisella abdeli (Krüger, 1928). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 22: 287 (287-288). Replacement name. Seven, 1997 (Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 48: 3 (2-3). Metisella orientalis (Aurivillius, 1925). Lamas, pers. comm., April, 2008. [see Note 2, below]. Type locality: Africa: “the whole of east Africa as far as Mt Elgon”. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/m). Diagnosis: A variable species, with a number of described forms (Pringle et al., 1994). Distinguished from Metisella metis on the underside by the presence of faint yellow spots (Pringle et al., 1994). Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Swaziland (Duke et al., 1999). Misattributed to the Nigerian fauna by Kielland (1990) and Larsen (1991) (not included in Larsen, 2005a).
    [Show full text]