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Insect Diversity of Sri Lankamalleswara Reserve Forest In Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2014; 2 (6): 198-212 ISSN 2320-7078 Insect diversity of Sri Lankamalleswara Reserve JEZS 2014; 2 (6): 198-212 © 2014 JEZS forest in the Eastern Ghats of Southern Andhra Received: 18-10-2014 Accepted: 29-11-2014 Pradesh P. Harinath Research Scholar, Department of P. Harinath, K. Suryanarayana and S. P. Venkata Ramana Zoology - School of life Sciences - Yogi Vemana University Kadapa Abstract – 516 003 - Andhra Pradesh, Insect diversity at Sri Lankamalleswara reserve forest (14°45' - 14°72' N & 79°07' - 78°80' E), Kadapa in India. the Eastern Ghats of Southern Andhra Pradesh was studied during the period from June 2013 to September 2014. Nearly 75 species of butterflies, 12 moth species from Lepidoptera; 4 ant species, one K. Suryanarayana wasp, 6 bee species from Hymenoptera; 7 cricket species of Orthoptera; 5 bug species from Hemiptera; Research Scholar, Department of 3 mosquito species, 4 housefly species, 2 species of flies from Diptera; 8 species of dragon flies, 2 Zoology - School of life Sciences - species of damselflies from Odonata; 3 beetles from Coleopteran; one species each from Thysanura; and Yogi Vemana University Kadapa Mantodea and 2 species from Phasmatodea; one species each from class Arachnida and Diploda were – 516 003 - Andhra Pradesh, identified. The seasonality, relative abundance and diversity of some insect groups was also recorded. India. Majority of the insects are very much required for pollination. Some insects produce useful substances such as honey, wax, lacquer and silk. S. P. Venkata Ramana Assistant Professor & Keywords: Insects, Sri Lankamalleswara Reserve forest, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh. Corresponding author, Department of Zoology - School of life Sciences 1. Introduction - Yogi Vemana University Insects are important because of their diversity, ecological role, and influence on agriculture, Kadapa – 516 003 - Andhra human health, and natural resources. They have been used in landmark studies in Pradesh, India. biomechanics, climate change, developmental biology, ecology, evolution, genetics, [1] paleolimnology, and physiology . Insects are major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of animals on the earth, with over a million described species – more than half of all known living organisms with estimates of un-described species as high as 30 million, thus potentially representing over 90% of the different life forms on the planet [2]. Insects are [3, 4] extremely important components of the bio-indicators of the world . Insects may be found in nearly all environments on the planet, although only a small number of species occurs in the oceans. Even in Antarctica we will find some insects alive and active during warmer months [5]. Approximately vast number of insect species including 2000 praying mantis, 5000 dragon flies, 20,000 grasshoppers, 82,000 true bugs, 1,20,000 flies, 1,10,000 bees, wasps and ants, [5] 1,70,000 butterflies and moths and 3,60,000 beetles are available all over the world . Many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. A serious environmental problem today is the decline of population of insects. Some insects produce useful substances such as honey, wax, lacquer and silk. Adult insects as crickets and insect larvae of various kinds are also commonly used for fishing bait. Beetles are scavengers and help in recycling the [6]. biological materials into forms Insect diversity conservation has received an enormous upsurge in recent years. Now we are presenting insect diversity collected in and around Sri Lankamalleswara reserve forest in the Eastern Ghats of Southern Andhra Pradesh. 2. Materials and Methodology Periodical survey of insects in Sri Lankamalleswara reserve forest in the Eastern Ghats of Southern Andhra Pradesh was studied during the period from June 2013 to September 2014. Correspondence: The insects encountered were identified (using the standard keys and standard references [7]) S. P. Venkata Ramana while they are in flight or in resting in the study area (Fig: Map showing study area). In case Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology - School of any doubt, such insects are captured by means soft insect catching nets and then by studying of life Sciences - Yogi Vemana characters and they are identified by consulting standard publications and consulting with University Kadapa – 516 003 - Zoological Survey of India. Majority of the insects are day active and some are nocturnal. Andhra Pradesh, India. ~ 198 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies Hence walks are made during entire day to record the abundance. Fig: Map showing study area 2.1 Sample Collection and Curation 3. Results and Discussion Only dead insects are collected and pinned or mounted and Insect diversity was measured by scoring the species stored dry, although the adults of some orders and all soft throughout the day in all the recognized study areas. Such a bodied immature insects were preserved in vials of 70 – 80% monitoring was conducted twice in a month. Sri Lanka ethanol or mounted onto microscope slides. Pupal cases, Malleswara reserve forest consists of scrub jungle with wild cocoons, waxy coverings and exuviate were kept dry and they vegetation and also finds some medicinal plants, herbs and were pinned mounted on cards and delicate ones are stored in shrubs. In the study area we have identified nearly 75 species gelatin capsules or in preserving fluid. of butterflies, 12 moth species from Lepidoptera; 4 ant species, one wasp, 6 bee species from Hymenoptera; 7 cricket species 2.2 Pinning, Staging, Pointing, Carding, Spreading and of Orthoptera; 5 bug species from Hemiptera; 3 mosquito Setting species, 4 housefly species, 2 species of flies from Diptera; 8 Collected dead Specimens should be mounted by using species of dragon flies, 2 species of damselflies from Odonata; entomological macro pins. Direct pinning and micro pinning 3 beetles from Coleopteran; one species each from Thysanura; methods [7] were implemented for dry pinning. and Mantodea and 2 species from Phasmatodea; one species each from class Arachnida and Diploda were identified. List of 2.3 Spreading and Setting these species were given in the Table.1, 2 & Plates – 1 to 14 For display of the wings, legs and antennae of many insects were very much required for identification, for this purpose spreading technology was applied. Table 1: Survey of the insect fauna during June 2013 – Sep. 2014 at Sri Lankamalleswara reserve forest (Fig: 12) Class Order Species Hymenoptera : Apis cerana indica, Apis melifera, Apis dorsata, Apis florae, Amegilla, Bees: Ceratina, Trigona pseudapis Camponotus compressus, Formica rufa, Lasius Ants : niger, Monomorium indicum Wasps: Vespa orientalis Insecta Orthoptera: Cricket: Hierodula coarctata Hemiptera: Palomena prasina, Nezara viridula, Coreus marginatus, Nepa cinerea, Bugs: Velia caprai. Diptera: Mosquitoes: Anopheles sp, Culex sp, Aedes sp. Chrysomya megacephala, Eristalinus, Sarcophaga, Rhyncomya, Musa House flies: domestica. ~ 199 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies Flies: Scathophaga stercoraria, Tipula paludosa Odonata: Ophiogomphus susbehcha, Pachydiplax longipennis, Libellula eponina. Dragon flies: Pulchella Ascalaphidae (Owl fly), Chauliodes pectinicornis, Palpares sp., Myrmeleontidae. Damselflies: Pyrrhosoma nymphula, Argia apicalis. Lepidoptera: Butterflies: Rhopalocera: 1 Nymphalidae : 27 2 Lycaenidae : 14 3 Papilionidae: 12 4 Pieridae : 13 5 Hesperiidae : 9 Chiasmia cymatodes, Cephonodes hylas, Creatonotos transiens, Chiasmia eleonora, Scopulla pulchella, Aloa lactinea, Hyperythra lutea, Moths: Spodoptera litura Male, Mangina astrea, Scopula subpunctaria, Spilarctia mona, Acontia crocata, Mimas tiliae, Sphinx ligustri Coleopteran: Beetles: Coccinella septempunctata, Mylabris pustulata, Gastrophysa viridula Thysanura: Lepisma saccharina Mantis religiosa, Gongylus gongylodes, Hellinsia monodactyla, Mantis Mantodea: religiosa Phasmatodea: Stick insects, Leaf insects Arachnida Scorpionidea: Palamneus Diplopoda Polydesmoidea: Polydesmes Table 2: Relative abundance and seasonality of Butterflies at Sri Lankamalleswara reserve forest during June 2013 – Sep.2014 (Fig: 11) Relative S.NO Scientific Name Common name Abundance Family: Nymphalidae 1. Danaus chrysippus chrysippus Plain tiger * * * * * 2. D. limniace leopardus Blue tiger * * * * 3 D. plexippus Common tiger * ***** 4 Eyuploea core core Common crow * * * * 5 Elymnias hypermnestra Common palm fly *** 6 Erites falcipennis Common Cyclops *** 7 Melanitis leda ismene Common evening * * * * 8 Mycalesis visala subdita Tamil brush brown ** 9 Ariadne merione merione Common castor * * * 10 Euthalia garuda The baron * 11 E. nais The baronet * * * 12 Hypolimnas bolina Great egg fly * * * * 13 H. misippus Danaid egg fly * * * * 14 Junonia almanac Peacock pansy * * * * 15 J. hierta Yellow pansy * * * 16 J. lemonias Lemon pansy * * * * * 17 J. orithyia Blue pansy * * * 18 J. iphita Chocolate pansy * * * 19 Neptis hylas Common sailer * * * 20 Phalanta phalantha Common leopard * * * * 21 Byblia ilithyia The Joker * * * * The Paller 22 Vanessa indica * * * * 23 Cynthia erota The Devil *** 24 Atella alcippe The Camel ** 25 Acraea terpsicore Tawny coster ** * 26 Charaxes solon Black Rajah * ~ 200 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies * * * * 27 Melanitis phedima Dark evening brown Family: Lycaenidae 28 Apharitis vulcanus Common silver line *** 29 Castalius rosimon rosimon Common pierrot * * * * 30 Castalius caleta Common Comb * * * * 31 Tarucus nara The
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