Variant Anatomy and Its Terminology
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Te2, Part Iii
TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS -
A New Insight Into the Morphology of the Human Liver: a Cadaveric Study
Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Anatomy Volume 2013, Article ID 689564, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/689564 Research Article A New Insight into the Morphology of the Human Liver: A Cadaveric Study Sunitha Vinnakota1 and Neelee Jayasree2 1 Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram District, Andhra Pradesh 535217, India 2 Narayana Medical College, Chintareddy Palem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh 524003, India Correspondence should be addressed to Sunitha Vinnakota; [email protected] Received 3 October 2013; Accepted 12 November 2013 Academic Editors: C. Casteleyn, M. C. Killingsworth, and M. Nakamura Copyright © 2013 S. Vinnakota and N. Jayasree. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Day to day advances in the fields of radiology like sonography and CT need to revive interest in the cadaveric study of morphological features of liver, as the accessory fissures are a potential source of diagnostic errors. Accessory fissures vary from single to multiple over different parts of the liver. Aim. In the present study the morphological features of human liver specimens were evaluated by macroscopic examination and morphometric analysis. Methods. The study was conducted on 58 specimens obtained from cadavers utilized for routine dissection for medical undergraduates from the year 2004 to 2012 in the Anatomy Department of MIMS Medical College. Results. In the present study the livers as described in the established anatomical literature with normal surfaces, fissures, and borders were considered normal. Out of the 58 specimens, 24 were normal without any accessory fissures or lobes and with normal contours. -
Ian Whitmore Professor (Teaching) of Surgery (Anatomy) Surgery - Anatomy
Ian Whitmore Professor (Teaching) of Surgery (Anatomy) Surgery - Anatomy Bio BIO Ian Whitmore was born in England of an English father and an Icelandic mother just before the end of the second world war. He was educated in the United Kingdom, graduating with MBBS and LRCP MRCS from Guy's Hospital Medical School (University of London) in 1968. Following two years of clinical experience as a junior hospital doctor, he started teaching Anatomy in Manchester in 1970. He was granted the MD degree by the University of London in 1980 following submission of a thesis relating research into Oesophageal Striated Muscle. The textbook and color atlas “Human Anatomy” with Ian Whitmore as one of the five authors was published in1985 and has now reached the sixth edition. In 1990 he moved to Queen Mary & Westfield College in London as Senior Lecturer in Anatomy, before being persuaded to take early retirement in 1996. Having been a Visiting Professor at Stanford several times since 1984, he has been teaching there every year since 1996, and was made a Full Professor in 2002. He continues to teach in Stanford. Between 1989 and 2009 Ian was Chairman of the Federated International Committee on Anatomical Terminology, which published Terminologia Anatomica in 1998, Terminologia Histologica in 2007 and Terminologia Embryologica in 2013. In 2005 the American Association of Clinical Anatomists awarded him Honored Member status for his work in Terminology. He has similarly been made an honorary member of the anatomical societies in South Africa, Costa Rica, Italy and Russia. In 2010, he was awarded the Jubilee Medal "For the great contribution to Morphology” by the All-Russian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists. -
The Terminologia Anatomica Matters: Examples from Didactic, Scientific, and Clinical Practice B
Folia Morphol. Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 340–347 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2016.0078 R E V I E W A R T I C L E Copyright © 2017 Via Medica ISSN 0015–5659 www.fm.viamedica.pl The Terminologia Anatomica matters: examples from didactic, scientific, and clinical practice B. Strzelec1, 2, P.P. Chmielewski1, B. Gworys1 1Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland 2Department and Clinic of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland [Received: 19 August 2016; Accepted: 20 October 2016] The proper usage of the anatomical terminology is of paramount importance to all medical professionals. Although a multitude of studies have been devoted to issues associated with the use and application of the recent version of the anatomical terminology in both theoretical medicine and clinical practice, there are still many unresolved problems such as confusing terms, inconsistencies, and errors, including grammar and spelling mistakes. The aim of this article is to describe the current situation of the anatomical terminology and its usage in practice, as well as explain why it is so important to use precise, appropriate, and valid anatomical terms during the everyday communication among physicians from all medical branches. In this review, we discuss some confusing, obsolete, and erroneous terms that are still commonly used by many clinicians, and surgeons in particular, during the process of diagnosis and treatment. The use of these ambiguous, erroneous, and obsolete terms enhances the risk of miscommunication. We also provide some edifying examples from everyday clinical practice. -
Download PDF File
Folia Morphol. Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 1–14 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2019.0047 R E V I E W A R T I C L E Copyright © 2020 Via Medica ISSN 0015–5659 journals.viamedica.pl Should Terminologia Anatomica be revised and extended? A critical literature review P.P. Chmielewski1, B. Strzelec2, 3 1Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland 2Department and Clinic of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Jan Mikulicz-Radecki Medical University Hospital, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland 3Department and Clinic of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland [Received: 14 November 2018; Accepted: 31 December 2018] The first edition of the Terminologia Anatomica was published in 1998 by the Federative Committee for Anatomical Terminology, whereas the second edition was issued in 2011 by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminologies. Since then many attempts have been made to revise and extend the official terminology as several inconsistencies have been noted. Moreover, numerous crucial terms were either omitted or deliberately excluded from the official terminology, like sulcus popliteus and diaphragma urogenitale, respec- tively. Furthermore, several synonyms are to be discarded. Notwithstanding the criticism, the use of the current version of terminology is strongly recommended. Although the Terminologia Anatomica is open to future expansion and revision, every change should be made after a thorough discussion of the historical context and scientific legitimacy of a given term. The anatomical nomenclature must be as simple as possible but also precise and coherent. It is generally accepted that hasty innovation ought not to be endorsed. -
Appendix-A-Osteology-V-2.0.Pdf
EXPLORATIONS: AN OPEN INVITATION TO BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Editors: Beth Shook, Katie Nelson, Kelsie Aguilera and Lara Braff American Anthropological Association Arlington, VA 2019 Explorations: An Open Invitation to Biological Anthropology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. ISBN – 978-1-931303-63-7 www.explorations.americananthro.org Appendix A. Osteology Jason M. Organ, Ph.D., Indiana University School of Medicine Jessica N. Byram, Ph.D., Indiana University School of Medicine Learning Objectives • Identify anatomical position and anatomical planes, and use directional terms to describe relative positions of bones • Describe the gross structure and microstructure of bone as it relates to bone function • Describe types of bone formation and remodeling, and identify (by name) all of the bones of the human skeleton • Distinguish major bony features of the human skeleton like muscle attachment sites and passages for nerves and/or arteries and veins • Identify the bony features relevant to estimating age, sex, and ancestry in forensic and bioarchaeological contexts • Compare human and chimpanzee skeletal anatomy Anthropology is the study of people, and the skeleton is the framework of the person. So while all subdisciplines of anthropology study human behavior (culture, language, etc.) either presently or in the past, biological anthropology is the only subdiscipline that studies the human body specifically. And the fundamental core of the human (or any vertebrate) body is the skeleton. Osteology, or the study of bones, is central to biological anthropology because a solid foundation in osteology makes it possible to understand all sorts of aspects of how people have lived and evolved. -
Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria. -
Falciform Ligament
It is largest gland in body, soft & pliable . Location: RT hypochondrium just beneath diaphragm which separates from the liver from thoracic cavity. Surfaces of liver: Superioanterior surface (diaphragmatic): its a convex upper surface of liver is molded to domes of diaphragm. Posteroinferior (visceral) :its irregular in shape molded to adjacent viscera 1)Large RT lobe & small LT lobe form by attachment of peritoneum of falciform ligament . 2)RT lobe is further subdivided into a quadrate lobe & caudate lobe by presence of gallbladder , ligamentum teres, inferior vena cava & ligamentum venosum . It found on visceral surface & lies between caudate & quadrate lobes . It containes : RT & LT hepatic ducts. RT& LT branches of hepatic artery. Portal vein. Sympathetic & parasympathetic nerve fibers . Hepatic lymph nodes. Peritoneal relation: Falciform Ligament: which is two-layered fold of peritoneum ascends from umbilicus to liver. It contain ligamentum teres ( remains of umbilical vein). Falciform ligament passes on to anterior & then superior surfaces of liver& then splits into two layers. The right upper layer forms coronary ligament. left upper layer of falciform ligament forms left triangular ligament . The right extremity of coronary ligament is known as right triangular ligament. ligamentum venosum ( remains of the ductus venosus) a fibrous band is attached to left branch of portal vein and inferior vena cava. lesser omentum arises from lesser curvature of stomach till edges of porta hepatis. It be noted that the peritoneal layers forming the coronary ligament are widely separated leaving an area of liver devoid of peritoneum. Diaphragm. RT & LT costal margins. RT & LT pleura . Lower margins of both lungs. Xiphoid process. -
1 TERMINOLOGIA ANTHROPOLOGICA Names of The
TERMINOLOGIA ANTHROPOLOGICA Names of the parts of the human body, terms of aspects and relationships, and osteological terminology are as in Terminologia Anatomica. GENERAL TERMS EXPLANANTION ADAPTATION Adjustment and change of an organism to a specific environment, due primarily to natural selection. ADAPTIVE RADIATION Divergence of an ancestral population through adaption and speciation into a number of ecological niches. ADULT Fully developed and mature individual ANAGENESIS The progressive adaption of a single evolutionary line, where the population becomes increasingly specialized to a niche that has remained fairly constant through time. ANCESTRY One’s family or ethnic descent, the evolutionary or genetic line of descent of an animal or plant / Ancestral descent or lineage ANTEMORTEM Biological processes that can result in skeletal modifications before death ANTHROPOCENTRICISM The belief that humans are the most important elements in the universe. ANTHROPOLOGY The study of human biology and behavior in the present and in the past ANTHROPOLOGIST BIOLOGICAL A specialist in the subfield of anthropology that studies humans as a biological species FORENSIC A specialist in the use of anatomical structures and physical characteristics to identify a subject for legal purposes PHYSICAL A specialist in the subfield of anthropology dealing with evolutionary changes in the human bodily structure and the classification of modern races 1 SOCIAL A specialist in the subfield of anthropology that deals with cultural and social phenomena such as kingship systems or beliefs ANTHROPOMETRY The study of human body measurement for use in anthropological classification and comparison ARCHETYPE That which is taken as the blueprint for a species or higher taxonomic category ARTIFACT remains of past human activity. -
Terminologia Anatomica International Anatomical Terminology
Terminologia Anatomica International Anatomical Terminology FCAT Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology 1998 Thieme Stuttgart • New York VIII Contents Anatomia generalis General Anatomy 1 .. Nomina generalia General terms 2 .. Partes corporis humani Parts of human body 3 .. Plana, linea et regiones Planes, lines and regions 7 ... Anatomia systemica Systemic anatomy 7 ... Ossa; Systema skeletale Bones; Skeletal system 7 .. Nomina generalia General terms 8 .. Cranium Cranium 9 .. Ossa cranii Bones of cranium 16 .. Columna vertebralis Vertebral column 17 .. Skeleton thoracis Thoracic skeleton 18 .. Ossa membri superioris Bones of upper limb 21 .. Ossa membri inferioris Bones of lower limb 25 ... Juncturae; Systema articulare Joints; Articular system 25 .. Nomina generalia General terms 26 .. Juncturae cranii Joints of skull 27 .. Juncturae columnae vertebralis Vertebral joints 28 .. Juncturae thoracis Thoracic joints 28 .. Juncturae cinguli pelvici Joints of pelvic girdle 28 .. Juncturae membri superioris Joints of upper limb 30 .. Juncturae membri inferioris Joints of lower limb 33 ... Musculi; Systema musculare Muscles; Muscular system 33 .. Nomina generalia General terms 34 .. Musculi capitis Muscles of head 35 .. Musculi colli; Musculi cervicis Muscles of neck 36 .. Musculi dorsi Muscles of back 37 ..., Musculi thoracis Muscles of thorax 38 .. Musculi abdominis Muscles of abdomen 40 .. Musculi membri superioris Muscles of upper limb 42 .. Musculi membri inferioris Muscles of lower limb 44 .. Vaginae tendinum et bursae Tendon sheaths and bursae 47 ... Systema digestorium Alimentary system 47 .. Os Mouth 50 .. Fauces Fauces 50 .. Pharynx Pharynx 51 .. Oesophagus Oesophagus 51 .. Gaster Stomach 52 .. Intestinum tenue Small intestine 53 .. Intestinum crassum Large intestine 54 .. Hepar Liver 56 .. Vesica biliaris; Vesica fellea Gallbladder 56 .. Pancreas Pancreas Contents IX 57 .. -
Kumka's Response to Stecco's Fascial Nomenclature Editorial
Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies (2014) 18, 591e598 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/jbmt FASCIA SCIENCE AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS: RESPONSE Kumka’s response to Stecco’s fascial nomenclature editorial Myroslava Kumka, MD, PhD* Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Department of Anatomy, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON M2H 3J1, Canada Received 12 May 2014; received in revised form 13 May 2014; accepted 26 June 2014 Why are there so many discussions? response to the direction of various strains and stimuli. (De Zordo et al., 2009) Embedded with a range of mechanore- The clinical importance of fasciae (involvement in patho- ceptors and free nerve endings, it appears fascia has a role in logical conditions, manipulation, treatment) makes the proprioception, muscle tonicity, and pain generation. fascial system a subject of investigation using techniques (Schleip et al., 2005) Pathology and injury of fascia could ranging from direct imaging and dissections to in vitro potentially lead to modification of the entire efficiency of cellular modeling and mathematical algorithms (Chaudhry the locomotor system (van der Wal and Pubmed Exact, 2009). et al., 2008; Langevin et al., 2007). Despite being a topic of growing interest worldwide, This tissue is important for all manual therapists as a controversies still exist regarding the official definition, pain generator and potentially treatable entity through soft terminology, classification and clinical significance of fascia tissue and joint manipulative techniques. (Day et al., 2009) (Langevin et al., 2009; Mirkin, 2008). It is also reportedly treated with therapeutic modalities Lack of consistent terminology has a negative effect on such as therapeutic ultrasound, microcurrent, low level international communication within and outside many laser, acupuncture, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy. -
Absent Quadrate Lobe of Liver: Anatomical and Clinical Relevance
eISSN 1308-4038 International Journal of Anatomical Variations (2016) 9: 53–54 Case Report Absent quadrate lobe of liver: anatomical and clinical relevance Published online January 18th, 2017 © http://www.ijav.org Shilpi Gupta DIXIT Abstract Seema DHURIA Many studies have described various congenital anomalies of liver like agenesis or hypoplasia of its lobes, or absence of its segments. Comprehensive knowledge about the differentiation of Surajit GHATAK segments and their abnormalities is essential for successful modern surgeries on hepatobiliary system. An unusual anatomical variation of liver was found during dissection of an adult male cadaver Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical in an undergraduate medical students’ class. The quadrate lobe was completely absent. There Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 INDIA. was no accompanying anomaly. Fissure for ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum were normally placed with respect to each other. Awareness of variations of the lobes and fissures of liver is of immense importance for surgeons Dr. Shilpi Gupta Dixit and clinicians and will help in preventing confusion in radiological as well as surgical diagnosis. 503/2, AIIMS Residential Complex The variation in the present study is being reported to alert the clinicians and surgeons about the All India Institute of Medical various abnormalities in appearance of liver. Sciences Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. © Int J Anat Var (IJAV). 2016; 9: 53–54. +91 800 3996888 [email protected] Received April 25th, 2016; accepted January 7th, 2017 Key words [quadrate lobe] [segment] [liver] [hepatobiliary system] Introduction portal venous branches and locations of veins in parenchyma. Liver is the largest of abdominal viscera occupying most of Comprehensive knowledge about the differentiation of the right hypochondrium and epigastrium and also extending segments and their abnormalities is essential for successful considerably into the left hypochondrium till the left lateral modern surgeries on hepatobiliary system.