Pelvic Floor Failure: MR Imaging Evaluation of Anatomic and Functional Abnormalities1
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Te2, Part Iii
TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS -
Pelvic Anatomyanatomy
PelvicPelvic AnatomyAnatomy RobertRobert E.E. Gutman,Gutman, MDMD ObjectivesObjectives UnderstandUnderstand pelvicpelvic anatomyanatomy Organs and structures of the female pelvis Vascular Supply Neurologic supply Pelvic and retroperitoneal contents and spaces Bony structures Connective tissue (fascia, ligaments) Pelvic floor and abdominal musculature DescribeDescribe functionalfunctional anatomyanatomy andand relevantrelevant pathophysiologypathophysiology Pelvic support Urinary continence Fecal continence AbdominalAbdominal WallWall RectusRectus FasciaFascia LayersLayers WhatWhat areare thethe layerslayers ofof thethe rectusrectus fasciafascia AboveAbove thethe arcuatearcuate line?line? BelowBelow thethe arcuatearcuate line?line? MedianMedial umbilicalumbilical fold Lateralligaments umbilical & folds folds BonyBony AnatomyAnatomy andand LigamentsLigaments BonyBony PelvisPelvis TheThe bonybony pelvispelvis isis comprisedcomprised ofof 22 innominateinnominate bones,bones, thethe sacrum,sacrum, andand thethe coccyx.coccyx. WhatWhat 33 piecespieces fusefuse toto makemake thethe InnominateInnominate bone?bone? PubisPubis IschiumIschium IliumIlium ClinicalClinical PelvimetryPelvimetry WhichWhich measurementsmeasurements thatthat cancan bebe mademade onon exam?exam? InletInlet DiagonalDiagonal ConjugateConjugate MidplaneMidplane InterspinousInterspinous diameterdiameter OutletOutlet TransverseTransverse diameterdiameter ((intertuberousintertuberous)) andand APAP diameterdiameter ((symphysissymphysis toto coccyx)coccyx) -
Advanced Retroperitoneal Anatomy Andneuro-Anatomy of Thepelvis
APRIL 21-23 • 2016 • ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, USA Advanced Retroperitoneal Anatomy and Neuro-Anatomy of the Pelvis Hands-on Cadaver Workshop with Focus on Complication Prevention in Minimally Invasive Surgery in Endometriosis, Urogynecology and Oncology WITH ICAPS FACULTY Nucelio Lemos, MD, PhD (Course Chair) Adrian Balica, MD (Course Co-Chair) Eugen Campian, MD, PhD Vadim Morozov, MD Jonathon Solnik, MD, FACOG, FACS An offering through: Practical Anatomy & Surgical Education Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine http://pa.slu.edu COURSE DESCRIPTION • Demonstrate the topographic anatomy of the pelvic sidewall, CREDIT DESIGNATION: This theoretical and cadaveric course is designed for both including vasculature and their relation to the ureter, autonomic Saint Louis University designates this live activity for a maximum intermediate and advanced laparoscopic gynecologic surgeons and somatic nerves and intraperitoneal structures; of 20.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s) ™. and urogynecologists who want to practice and improve their • Discuss steps of safe laparoscopic dissection of the pelvic ureter; laparoscopic skills and knowledge of retroperitoneal anatomy. • Distinguish and apply steps of safe and effective pelvic nerve Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the The course will be composed of 3 full days of combined dissection and learn the landmarks for nerve-sparing surgery. extent of their participation in the activity. theoretical lectures on Surgical Anatomy and Pelvic Neuroanatomy with hands on practice of laparoscopic and ACCREDITATION: REGISTRATION / TUITION FEES transvaginal dissection. Saint Louis University School of Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) Early Bird (up to Dec. 31st) ...........US ....$2,295 COURSE OBJECTIVES to provide continuing medical education for physicians. -
By Dr.Ahmed Salman Assistant Professorofanatomy &Embryology My Advice to You Is to Focus on the Diagrams That I Drew
The University Of Jordan Faculty Of Medicine REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM By Dr.Ahmed Salman Assistant ProfessorofAnatomy &embryology My advice to you is to focus on the diagrams that I drew. These diagrams cover the Edited by Dana Hamo doctor’s ENTIRE EXPLANATION AND WHAT HE HAS MENTIONED Quick Recall : Pelvic brim Pelvic diaphragm that separates the true pelvis above and perineum BELOW Perineum It is the diamond-shaped lower end of the trunk Glossary : peri : around, ineo - discharge, evacuate Location : it lies below the pelvic diaphragm, between the upper parts of the thighs. Boundaries : Anteriorly : Inferior margin of symphysis pubis. Posteriorly : Tip of coccyx. Anterolateral : Fused rami of pubis and ischium and ischial tuberosity. Posterolateral : Sacrotuberous ligaments. Dr.Ahmed Salman • Same boundaries as the pelvic Anteriorly: outlet. inferior part of • If we drew a line between the 2 symphysis pubis ischial tuberosities, the diamond shape will be divided into 2 triangles. Anterior and Anterior and Lateral : Lateral : •The ANTERIOR triangle is called ischiopubic ischiopubic urogenital triangle ramus The perineum ramus •The POSTERIOR triangle is called has a diamond anal triangle shape. ischial tuberosity Posterior and Posterior and Lateral : Lateral : Urogenital sacrotuberous sacrotuberous tri. ligament ligament Anal tri. Posteriorly : tip of coccyx UROGENITAL TRI. ANAL TRI. Divisions of the Perineum : By a line joining the anterior parts of the ischial tuberosities, the perineum is divided into two triangles : Anteriorly :Urogenital -
6Th Advanced Retroperitoneal Anatomy and Neuro-Anatomy of the Pelvis
Session I Theoretical Lectures will be given in Portuguese and Session II Lectures in English. Session I, June 9-10 will be presented in Portugese. Optional English and Portuguese speaking Faculty are available for the practical part of both sessions. Course Description SESSION I SESSION II SESSION III This theoretical and cadaveric course is designed for both intermediate and JUNE 9 - JUNE 13 advanced laparoscopic gynecologic surgeons and urogynecologists who want to ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, USA Tuesday, June 9 7:30 am - 5:00 pm Wednesday, June 10 7:30 am - 5:00 pm Thursday, June 11 7:30 am - 5:00 pm Friday, June 12 7:30 am - 5:00 pm Saturday, June 13 7:30 am - 4:00 pm practice and improve their laparoscopic skills and knowledge of retroperitoneal 2020 From Books to Practice Simulcast: Parallel Theoretical From Books to Practice Simulcast: Parallel Theoretical anatomy. ➢ Pelvic Neuroanatomy and the Nerve Sparing Surgical ➢ Pelvic Neuroanatomy and the Nerve Sparing Surgical ➢ Hands-on Cadaver Lab: Presentations and Live Dissection Presentations and Live Dissection The course will be composed of 2 full days of combined theoretical lectures on Concept Concept Dissection of Lateral Pelvic Sidewall, Ureter, Vessels; ➢ The Avascular Spaces of the Pelvis Surgical Anatomy and Pelvic Neuroanatomy with hands on practice of laparoscopic From Books to Practice Simulcast: Parallel Theoretical ➢ The Avascular Spaces of the Pelvis From Books to Practice Simulcast: Parallel Theoretical Development of the Obturator Space and Identification and transvaginal dissection and a third optional dissection-only day, with a new 6th Advanced Retroperitoneal Anatomy Presentations and Live Dissection ➢ Diaphragmatic Anatomy and Strategies for Diaphragmatic Presentations and Live Dissection ➢ Diaphragmatic Anatomy and Strategies for Diaphragmatic of Obturator, Sciatic, and Pudendal Nerves; Identification specimen. -
Superior Fascia of the Pelvic Diaphragm * Surrounding the Pelvic Viscera)
MORPHOLOGY OF THE MALE PELVIC AND UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGMS Dr. Andrea D. Székely Semmelweis University Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Budapest FUNCTIONS AND ROLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR • It makes a fundamental contribution to movement and stability • Functions in coordination with the abdominal, back, and hip muscles • Especially important is its relationship to the Transversus Abdominis (the deepest layer of the abdominal muscles), and the Multifidus muscles in the low back, to maintain the integrity of pelvic, sacral, and spinal joints during movement • It supports the prostate, bladder, rectum, and seminal vesicles • It regulates continence, opening and closing the urethra and anus as needed • It plays an essential role in sexual function • It acts reciprocally with the respiratory diaphragm in breathing. • It is a flexor of the coccyx (tail bone) • The pelvic floor is the center of gravity in your frame, the place where movement is initiated, and is essential to your overall sense of well- being. BONY AND LIGAMENTOUS FRAMEWORK PERINEUM EXTERNAL GENITALS Surface features Homologous organs PERINEUM Surface regions UROGENITAL TRIANGLE ANAL TRIANGLE MORPHOLOGICAL DIMORPHISM Male and female perineal muscles PERINEAL LAYERS OF MUSCLES AND FASCIAE MUSCLE LAYERS OF THE PELVIC FLOOR 1. Pelvic diaphragm : 2. Urogenital Diaphragm : levator ani and the fasciae deep transverse perineal 1. (ant) pubococcygeus and the fasciae 2. pubovaginalis 1. urethrovaginal sphincter 3. puborectalis 2. compressor urethrae 4. (post) iliococcygeus 3. urethral sphincter 5. coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) External anal sphincter PERINEAL BODY 3. Urogenital trigone : - ischiocavernosus - bulbospongiosus - superficial transverse perineal m. corrugator cutis ani (smooth muscle) FASCIAL LAYERS Fascia transversalis continues as the endopelvic fascia lining the pelvic cavity PELVIC FASCIA Lamina parietalis (obturator internus + Piriformis) Lamina visceralis (M. -
Ian Whitmore Professor (Teaching) of Surgery (Anatomy) Surgery - Anatomy
Ian Whitmore Professor (Teaching) of Surgery (Anatomy) Surgery - Anatomy Bio BIO Ian Whitmore was born in England of an English father and an Icelandic mother just before the end of the second world war. He was educated in the United Kingdom, graduating with MBBS and LRCP MRCS from Guy's Hospital Medical School (University of London) in 1968. Following two years of clinical experience as a junior hospital doctor, he started teaching Anatomy in Manchester in 1970. He was granted the MD degree by the University of London in 1980 following submission of a thesis relating research into Oesophageal Striated Muscle. The textbook and color atlas “Human Anatomy” with Ian Whitmore as one of the five authors was published in1985 and has now reached the sixth edition. In 1990 he moved to Queen Mary & Westfield College in London as Senior Lecturer in Anatomy, before being persuaded to take early retirement in 1996. Having been a Visiting Professor at Stanford several times since 1984, he has been teaching there every year since 1996, and was made a Full Professor in 2002. He continues to teach in Stanford. Between 1989 and 2009 Ian was Chairman of the Federated International Committee on Anatomical Terminology, which published Terminologia Anatomica in 1998, Terminologia Histologica in 2007 and Terminologia Embryologica in 2013. In 2005 the American Association of Clinical Anatomists awarded him Honored Member status for his work in Terminology. He has similarly been made an honorary member of the anatomical societies in South Africa, Costa Rica, Italy and Russia. In 2010, he was awarded the Jubilee Medal "For the great contribution to Morphology” by the All-Russian Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists. -
Clinical Pelvic Anatomy
SECTION ONE • Fundamentals 1 Clinical pelvic anatomy Introduction 1 Anatomical points for obstetric analgesia 3 Obstetric anatomy 1 Gynaecological anatomy 5 The pelvic organs during pregnancy 1 Anatomy of the lower urinary tract 13 the necks of the femora tends to compress the pelvis Introduction from the sides, reducing the transverse diameters of this part of the pelvis (Fig. 1.1). At an intermediate level, opposite A thorough understanding of pelvic anatomy is essential for the third segment of the sacrum, the canal retains a circular clinical practice. Not only does it facilitate an understanding cross-section. With this picture in mind, the ‘average’ of the process of labour, it also allows an appreciation of diameters of the pelvis at brim, cavity, and outlet levels can the mechanisms of sexual function and reproduction, and be readily understood (Table 1.1). establishes a background to the understanding of gynae- The distortions from a circular cross-section, however, cological pathology. Congenital abnormalities are discussed are very modest. If, in circumstances of malnutrition or in Chapter 3. metabolic bone disease, the consolidation of bone is impaired, more gross distortion of the pelvic shape is liable to occur, and labour is likely to involve mechanical difficulty. Obstetric anatomy This is termed cephalopelvic disproportion. The changing cross-sectional shape of the true pelvis at different levels The bony pelvis – transverse oval at the brim and anteroposterior oval at the outlet – usually determines a fundamental feature of The girdle of bones formed by the sacrum and the two labour, i.e. that the ovoid fetal head enters the brim with its innominate bones has several important functions (Fig. -
A. Pelvis 1. Name the Innominate Bones
A. Pelvis 1. Name the innominate bones (those that are fused together and don’t move). There are two innominate bones, and each innominate bone contains three bones that are fused together. The three bones are the ilium, ischium, and pubis. They are placed laterally (on the side) on the pelvis, and each innominate bone has an acetabulum where the three bones fuse around it. The acetabulum is the concave surface of the pelvis, where the head of the femur meets with the pelvis to form the hip joint. 2. Describe the sacrum. The sacrum is a triangular shaped bone that has a superior base and an inferior apex. The anterior side of the sacrum is concave, while the posterior surface is convex. The sacrum consists of five vertebrae fused together. Attached by the sacroiliac joints, the sacrum lies between the innominate bones. The sacral promontory is the anterior and superior edge of the sacrum’s base (first sacral vertebra), and it protrudes forward forming the concavity. This protrusion into the cavity of the pelvis reduces the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet. If the sacral promontory was pushed backwards, it would widen the pelvic inlet and increase its diameter. 3. Describe the coccyx. The coccyx, or tailbone, is the final segment of the vertical column. It is also triangular and looks like a shortened tail at the bottom of the spine. It is composed of four vertebrae. The sacrococcygeal joint is between the superior side of the first coccygeal vertebra and the inferior side of the fifth sacral vertebra. -
Changes You Can Make to Improve Bladder Problems
CHANGES YOU CAN MAKE TO IMPROVE BLADDER PROBLEMS The SUFU Foundation OAB Clinical Care Path Way For more information on better bladder control visit: http://sufuorg.com/oab GUIDE TO PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE TRAINING Your Pelvic Floor Muscles Your pelvic floor muscles are a group of muscles that support your bladder and help control the bladder opening. They attach to your pelvic bone and go around the rectum. These muscles form a sling or hammock that supports your pelvic organs (bladder, rectum, in women the uterus, in men the prostate). If the muscles weaken, the organs they support may change position. When this happens, you may have problems with urine leakage and other signs of overactive bladder (OAB) like urgency and frequency. That’s why it’s important to keep these muscles strong so they can properly support your pelvic organs. You can do this by exercising them regularly. Finding Your Pelvic Floor Muscles To begin these exercises, you first have to make sure that you know which muscles to contract. To do this, think of the muscles you would use to control the passing of gas or to hold back a bowel movement. Now, without using the muscles of your legs, buttocks, or stomach, tighten or squeeze the ring of muscles around your rectum as you would in those situations. These are your pelvic floor muscles. When you squeeze these muscles, you should feel a tightening or pulling in of your anus. Men may also see or feel their penis move and women may feel their vagina tightening or pulling up. -
The Pelvic Floor and Core Exercises
The pelvic floor and core exercises The pelvic floor muscles as part of the core Muscles play a key role during exercise, but did you know there is a hidden group of muscles, called pelvic floor muscles, that need special attention? Pelvic floor muscles form the base of the group of muscles commonly called the core. These muscles work with the deep abdominal (tummy) and back muscles and the diaphragm (breathing muscle) to support the spine and control the pressure inside the abdomen. The pelvic floor muscles play an important role in When this happens repeatedly during each supporting the pelvic organs, bladder and bowel exercise session, over time this may place a control and sexual function, in both men and downward strain on the pelvic organs and this may women. result in loss of bladder or bowel control, or pelvic organ prolapse. Pelvic floor symptoms can also be During exercise, the internal pressure in the potentially worsened if a problem already exists. abdomen changes. For example, when lifting a weight, the internal pressure increases, then returns Pelvic floor muscles need to be flexible to work as to normal when the weight is put down. part of the core, which means that they need to be able to relax as well as lift and hold. It is common In the ideal situation the regulation of pressure for people to brace their core muscles constantly within the abdomen happens automatically. For during exercise in the belief they are supporting example, when lifting a weight, the muscles of the spine, but constant bracing can lead to the the core work together well: the pelvic floor muscles becoming excessively tight and stiff. -
The Ilium, Ischium and Pubis Are the Innominate Bones on Each Side of the Pelvis
Charity Callis Anatomy & Physiology Clinical Anatomy 1 - #4 Page 1 For this assignment read in Oxorn Foote Human Labor and Birth, chapters 1-4. You can find the book HERE. This book may be used for other assignments as well. One of the important aspects of midwifery are the anatomical structures themselves. Knowing the bones, joints, ligaments, and other structures of the human body are useful and at times necessary. There is no easy way to learn them except by looking at them and ensuring they are familiar to you. When the midwife asks you as the birth assistant an anatomical question or where in the pelvis the baby is it will be important to note the correct locations. In this first part you should familiarize yourself in the book with the various names and locations of the pelvis and surrounding organs both specifically and generally. A. Pelvis 1. Name the innominate bones (those that are fused together and don’t move). The Ilium, Ischium and Pubis are the innominate bones on each side of the pelvis. 2. Describe the sacrum. Triangular bone, consists of five vertebrae fused together (rarely there are four or six), anterior pelvic surface is concave, posterior surface is convex, a portion protrudes slightly into the pelvic cavity reducing the diameter of the inlet. The sacral promontory can be pushed back to widen the pelvic inlet and increase the diameter for birth. 3. Describe the coccyx. Tail bone, composed of four vertebrae, the coccygeus/levator ani/sphincter muscles are attached to the anterior part of the coccyx 4.