Traditional Celebrations

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Traditional Celebrations ♫ Diwali, or Dipawali ♫ This is the India's biggest and most important holiday of the year. Indians put some lights in their homes. Diwali is celebrated in October or November. This festival is as important to Hindus as the Christmas festival as it takes place during 5 days. On the first day, people clean their home and shop for kitchen utensils. On the second day, people decorate their homes with clay lamps and design patterns (rangoli) on the floor using colored powders or sand. The third day is the principal day of the festival when families pick together for Lakshmi puja, a prayer to Goddess “Lakshmi” followed by feasts and firework. The fourth day is the day of the new year when friends and family visit with presents. On the last day of Diwali, brothers visit their married sisters who welcome them with love and a splendid lunch. ♫ Kumbh Mela ♫ They are about 50 to 110 million supporters who go on the Kumbh Mela pilgrimage. The last festival (2015) lasted for 55 days, filled of spiritual religious performances and the cleansing of sins. The highlight of the Kumbh-Mela is the most auspicious bathing day (Mauni Amavasya Snan), when bathers wash away their own sins from this lifetime as well as those of their family’s 88 previous generations. This ensures liberation from the eternal cycle of rebirth for oneself an one’s ancestors. The bathing starts at 4am, the first people to bathing is the Naga sect. It’s a complete zoo of people, so the Nagas knock people down on their way into the water. An estimated 30 million people bathed together in the Ganges. Kumbh Mela has its origins in a mythical battle between Hindu gods and demons over a kumbh (pitcher) filled with the nectar of immortality. The story goes that the carafe broke in the fight, dispersal drops of nectar in four riverside cities: Nashik, Ujjain, Haridwar, and Allahabad. Approximately every 3 year the planets align in the same position as the original battle, pilgrims flock to these four places, while the larger Maha Kumbh Mela happens every 12 year in Allahabad. ♫ Holi ♫ Bright neon powder covers the people in Northern India during the annual Hindu celebration called Holi. This celebration takes place on March 24. This ancient tradition marks the end of winter and honors the triumph of good on evil. Celebrants light bonfires, throw colorful powder called gulal, eat sweets, and dance. ♫ Help ! ♫ Powder : Poudre Goddess : Déesse Row : Rangée Firework : Feu d’artifice Clay :Argile Pilgrimage : Pèlerinage Cleansing : Nettoyant Ensure : Garantir, assurer Sand : Sable Text : BERTHELIN Nicolas, BOURGET Antoine. Page setting : GENAUDEAU Gaëtan ☺ ☺ ♪ ♪ ☺ ☺ .

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Bibliography BOOKS AND JOURNALS Anand, Mulk Raj. “Jantar Mantar: Time, Space and Deity, Homage to Jaipur,” Marg 30, 4 (September 1977): 59-68. Department of Art, Literature and Culture, Rajasthan. Jantar Mantar, Jaipur, Management Plan 2009-2013, prepared by DRONAH, Development and Research Organization for Nature, Arts and Heritage, Gurgaon, January 2009. Kaye, George Rusby. The Astronomical Observatories of Jai Singh. Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, 1918. Kaye, George Rusby. A Guide to the Old Observatories at Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Benares. Gurgaon: The Academic Press, 1985. MacDougall, Bonnie G. “Jantar Mantar: Architecture, Astronomy, and Solar Kingship in Princely India.” The Cornell Journal of Architecture 5 (1996): 16-33. Papillaut, Remi. “Amber and Jaipur: The Territorial Demarcation of a City.” Context: Built, Living and Natural vol. V, issue 1 (Spring/Summer 2008): 79-90. Ruggles, Clive, Michel Cotte and others. Heritage Sites of Astronomy and Archaeoastronomy in the Context of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention: A Thematic Study. Paris: ICOMOS and the International Astronomical Union, June 2010. Sachdev, Vibhuti and Giles Tillotson. Building Jaipur. London: Reaktion Books Ltd., 2002. Sarkar, Jadunath. A History of Jaipur. Hyderabad: Orient Longman Limited, 1984. Sharma, Virendra Nath. Sawai Jai Singh and His Astronomy. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1995. Singh, Prahlad. Stone Observatories in India Erected by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur (1686-1743) at Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Varanasi, Mathura. Varanasi: Bharat Manisha, 1978. Tillotson, Giles. Jaipur Nama. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2006. Volwahsen, Andreas. Cosmic Architecture in India. Ahmedabad: Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd, 2001. WEBSITE REFERENCES http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Islamic_astronomy http://www.astronomicalheritage.org/ http://www.jantarmantar.org/ http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2005/locations/jantar_mantar.htm http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1338 .
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